This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Moldova 00:02:48 1 Etymology 00:03:48 2 History 00:03:57 2.1 Prehistory 00:04:54 2.2 Moldovan lands in antiquity and the early Middle Ages 00:06:44 2.3 Founding of the Principality of Moldavia 00:07:52 2.4 Between Poland and Hungary 00:10:34 2.5 The Ottomans 00:13:04 2.6 Modern history 00:13:13 2.6.1 Russian Empire 00:15:15 2.6.2 Russian Revolution and Greater Romania 00:17:35 2.6.3 World War II and Soviet era 00:23:00 2.6.4 Independence 00:31:17 3 Government 00:33:24 3.1 Internal affairs 00:34:14 3.2 Foreign relations 00:38:05 3.3 Military 00:39:54 3.4 Human rights 00:41:37 3.5 Administrative divisions 00:42:44 4 Geography 00:44:52 4.1 Climate 00:46:13 5 Economy 00:53:56 5.1 Energy 00:54:56 5.2 Wine industry 00:55:38 5.3 Agriculture 00:56:07 5.4 Tourism 00:56:30 5.5 Transport 00:57:17 6 Telecommunications 00:58:16 7 Demographics 00:59:07 7.1 Cultural and ethnic composition 01:00:54 7.2 Languages 01:02:52 7.3 Religion 01:03:41 7.4 Education 01:05:00 7.5 Crime 01:05:42 7.6 Health and fertility 01:07:20 7.7 Emigration 01:07:47 8 Culture 01:10:29 8.1 Media 01:11:11 8.2 Food and beverage 01:11:46 8.3 Music 01:14:14 8.4 Holidays 01:14:42 8.5 Sports 01:15:30 9 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Moldova ( (listen), sometimes UK: ), officially the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The capital city is Chișinău. Most of the Moldovan territory was a part of the Principality of Moldavia from the 14th century until 1812, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire (to which Moldavia was a vassal state) and became known as Bessarabia. In 1856, southern Bessarabia was returned to Moldavia, which three years later united with Wallachia to form Romania, but Russian rule was restored over the whole of the region in 1878. During the 1917 Russian Revolution, Bessarabia briefly became autonomous and then the independent Moldavian Democratic Republic until it was integrated into Romania in 1918 following a vote of its assembly. The decision was disputed by Soviet Russia, which in 1924 allowed the establishment, within the Ukrainian SSR, of a Moldavian autonomous republic (MASSR) on partial Moldovan-inhabited territories to the east of the Dniester. In 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia to the Soviet Union, leading to the creation of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian SSR), which included the greater part of Bessarabia and the westernmost strip of the former MASSR. On 27 August 1991, as the dissolution of the Soviet Union was under way, the Moldavian SSR declared independence and took the name Moldova. The Constitution of Moldova was adopted in 1994. The strip of the Moldovan territory on the east bank of the Dniester river has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990. Due to a decrease in industrial and agricultural output following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the service sector has grown to dominate Moldova's economy and is over 60% of the nation's GDP. Its economy is the poorest in Europe in per capita terms and has the lowest Human Development Index in the continent. Moldova is also the least visited country in Europe by tourists with only 11,000 annually recorded visitors from abroad.Moldova is a parliamentary republic with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. It is a member state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) and aspires to join the European Union.

• published: 09 Dec 2018
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