Kowal [ˈkɔval] is a town in Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,478 inhabitants (2004).

The town is the birthplace of Casimir III, King of Poland (born in 1310).

Kowal is also a common last name in the Ukraine, which means Smith.

Coordinates: 52°32′N 19°10′E / 52.533°N 19.167°E / 52.533; 19.167

Paweł Kowal (born 22 July 1975 in Rzeszów) is a Polish politician and Member of the European Parliament for Poland Comes First (PJN). He is currently Chairman of the EU-Ukraine Parliamentary Cooperation Committee in the European Parliament.

Kowal was elected to the Sejm in the 2005 election for Law and Justice, having received 12,625 votes in 12 – Chrzanów district. He won re-election in 2007: having more than doubled his personal vote to 26,184.

In 2009, he ran for the European Parliament in the Lesser Poland and Świętokrzyskie constituency, which includes Chrzanów. He came second amongst PiS candidates, behind Zbigniew Ziobro, with Law and Justice winning two seats, so was elected. He resigned his seat in the Sejm three days later.

During the 2010 presidential election Kowal was the head of the delegation of the European Parliament's observers. He joined Poland Comes First when that party split from Law and Justice in 2010.