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Tours
Town hall and Place Jean Jaurès
City coat of arms
Tours
Administration
Country	France
Region	Centre
Department	Indre-et-Loire
Arrondissement	Tours
Mayor	Jean Germain (2008–2014)
Statistics
Elevation	44–109 m (144–358 ft)
Land area1	34.36 km2 (13.27 sq mi)
Population2	135,218  (2009)
- Density	3,935 /km2 (10,190 /sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	37261/ 37000, 37100, 37200
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Coordinates: 47°23′37″N 0°41′21″E / 47.3936°N 0.6892°E / 47.3936; 0.6892

Tours (pronounced: [tuʁ]) is a city in central France, the capital of the Indre-et-Loire department.

It stands on the lower reaches of the river Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Touraine, the region around Tours, is known for its wines, the alleged perfection (as perceived by some speakers) of its local spoken French, and the Battle of Tours in 732. It is also the site of the Paris–Tours road bicycle race. Tours is the largest city in the Centre region of France, although it is not the regional capital, which is the region's second-largest city, Orléans. In 2006, the city itself had 142,000 inhabitants and the metropolitan area had 306,974.

History[link]

In Gallic times the city was important as a crossing point of the Loire. Becoming part of the Roman Empire during the first century AD, the city was named "Caesarodunum" ("hill of Caesar"). The name evolved in the 4th century when the original Gallic name, Turones, became first "Civitas Turonum" then "Tours". It was at this time that the amphitheatre of Tours, one of the five largest in the Empire, was built. Tours became the metropolis of the Roman province of Lugdunum towards 380–388, dominating the Loire Valley, Maine and Brittany. One of the outstanding figures of the history of the city was Saint Martin, second bishop who shared his coat with a naked beggar in Amiens. This incident and the importance of Martin in the medieval Christian West made Tours, and its position on the route of pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela,made Tours a major centre during the Middle Ages.

Middle Ages[link]

In the 6th century Gregory of Tours, author of the Ten Books of History, made his mark on the town by restoring the cathedral destroyed by a fire in 561. Saint Martin's monastery benefited from its inception, at the very start of the 6th century from patronage and support from the Frankish king, Clovis, which increased considerably the influence of the saint, the abbey and the city in Gaul. In the 9th century, Tours was at the heart of the Carolingian Rebirth, in particular because of Alcuin abbot of Marmoutier.

In 732 AD, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi and a large army of Muslim horsemen from Al-Andalus advanced 500 km deep into France, and were stopped at Tours by Charles Martel and his infantry igniting the Battle of Tours. The outcome was defeat for the Muslims, preventing France from Islamic conquest. In 845, Tours repulsed the first attack of the Viking chief Hasting (Haesten). In 850, the Vikings settled at the mouths of the Seine and the Loire. Still led by Hasting, they went up the Loire again in 852 and sacked Angers, Tours and the abbey of Marmoutier.

During the Middle Ages, Tours consisted of two juxtaposed and competing centres. The "City" in the east, successor of the late Roman 'castrum', was composed of the archiepiscopal establishment (the cathedral and palace of the archbishops) and of the castle of Tours, seat of the authority of the Counts of Tours (later Counts of Anjou) and of the King of France. In the west, the "new city" structured around the Abbey of Saint Martin was freed from the control of the City during the 10th century (an enclosure was built towards 918) and became "Châteauneuf". This space, organized between Saint Martin and the Loire, became the economic centre of Tours. Between these two centres remained Varenne, vineyards and fields, little occupied except for the Abbaye Saint-Julien established on the banks of the Loire. The two centres were linked during the 14th century. Tours is a good example of a medieval double city.

Tours became the capital of the county of Tours or Touraine, territory bitterly disputed between the counts of Blois and Anjou – the latter were victorious in the 9th century. It was the capital of France at the time of Louis XI, who had settled in the castle of Montils (today the castle of Plessis in La Riche, western suburbs of Tours), Tours and Touraine remained until the 16th century a permanent residence of the kings and court. The rebirth gave Tours and Touraine many private mansions and castles, joined together to some extent under the generic name of the Chateaux of the Loire. It is also at the time of Louis XI that the silk industry was introduced – despite difficulties, the industry still survives to this day.

16th–18th centuries[link]

Charles IX passed through the city at the time of his royal tour of France between 1564 and 1566, accompanied by the Court and various noblemen: his brother the Duke of Anjou, Henri de Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine. At this time, the Catholics returned to power in Angers: the intendant assumed the right to nominate the aldermen. The Massacre of Saint-Barthelemy was not repeated at Tours. The Protestants were imprisoned by the aldermen – a measure which prevented their extermination. The permanent return of the Court to Paris and then Versailles marked the beginning of a slow but permanent decline. Guillaume the Metayer (1763–1798), known as Rochambeau, the well known counter-revolutionary chief of Mayenne, was shot there on Thermidor 8, year VI.

19th–20th centuries[link]

However, it was the arrival of the railway in the 19th century which saved the city by making it an important nodal point. The main railway station is known as Tours-Saint-Pierre-des-Corps. At that time, Tours was expanding towards the south into a district known as the Prébendes. The importance of the city as a centre of communications contributed to its revival and, as the 20th century progressed, Tours became a dynamic conurbation, economically oriented towards the service sector.

First World War[link]

Tours Cathedral: 15th century Flamboyant Gothic west front with Renaissance pinnacles, completed 1547.

The city was greatly affected by the First World War. A force of 25,000 American soldiers arrived in 1917, setting up textile factories for the manufacture of uniforms, repair shops for military equipment, munitions dumps, an army post office and an American military hospital at Augustins. Thus Tours became a garrison town with a resident general staff. The American presence is remembered today by the Woodrow Wilson bridge over the Loire, which was officially opened in July 1918 and bears the name of the man who was President of the USA from 1912 to 1920. Three American air force squadrons, including the 492nd, were based at the Parçay-Meslay airfield, their personnel playing an active part in the life of the city. Americans paraded at funerals and award ceremonies for the Croix de Guerre; they also took part in festivals and their YMCA organised shows for the troops. Some men married girls from Tours.

Inter-war years[link]

In 1920, the city was host to the Congress of Tours, which saw the creation of the French Communist Party.

Second World War[link]

Tours was also marked by the Second World War. In 1940, the city suffered massive destruction and for four years it was a city of military camps and fortifications. From 10–13 June 1940, Tours was the temporary seat of the French government before its move to Bordeaux. German incendiary bombs caused a huge fire which blazed out of control from 20–22 June and destroyed part of the city centre. Some architectural masterpieces of the 16th and 17th centuries were lost, as was the monumental entry to the city. The Wilson Bridge (known locally as the 'stone bridge'), carried a water main which supplied the city; the bridge was dynamited to slow the progress of the German advance. With the water main severed and unable to extinguish the inferno, the inhabitants had no option but to flee to safety. More heavy air raids devastated the area around the railway station in 1944 causing several hundred deaths.

Post-war developments[link]

A plan for the rebuilding of the downtown area drawn up by the local architect Camille Lefèvre was adopted even before the end of the war. The plan was for 20 small quadrangular blocks of housing to be arranged around the main road (la rue Nationale), which was widened. This regular layout attempted to echo, yet simplify, the 18th century architecture. Pierre Patout succeeded Lefèvre as the architect in charge of rebuilding in 1945. At one time there was talk of demolishing the southern side of the rue Nationale in order to make it in keeping with the new development.

The recent history of Tours is marked by the personality of Jean Royer, who was Mayor for 36 years and helped to save the old town from demolition by establishing one of the first Conservation Areas. This example of conservation policy would later inspire the Malraux Law for the safeguarding of historic city centres. In the 1970s, Jean Royer also extended the city to the south by diverting the course of the River Cher to create the districts of Rives du Cher and des Fontaines; at the time, this was one of the largest urban developments in Europe. In 1970, the François-Rabelais university was founded; this is centred on the bank of the Loire in the downtown area, and not – as it was then the current practice – in a campus in the suburbs. The latter solution was also chosen by the twin university of Orleans. Royer's long term as Mayor was, however, not without controversy, as exemplified by the construction of the practical – but aesthetically unattractive – motorway which runs along the bed of a former canal just 1500 metres from the cathedral. Another bone of contention was the original Vinci Congress Centre by Jean Nouvel. This project incurred debts although it did, at least, make Tours one of France's principal conference centres.

Jean Germain became Mayor in 1995 and made debt reduction his priority. Ten years later, his economic management is regarded as much wiser than that of his predecessor, the financial standing of the city having returned to a stability. However, the achievements of Jean Germain are criticised by the municipal opposition for a lack of ambition: no large building projects comparable with those of Jean Royer have been instituted under his double mandate. This position is disputed by those in power, who affirm their policy of concentrating on the quality of life, as evidenced by urban restoration, the development of public transport and cultural activities.

Population[link]

Place Jean Jaurès.

St Gatien Cathedral, from Rue Lavoisier, just north of the Rue Colbert intersection.

Pont Wilson.

Sights[link]

This section requires expansion.

Tours Cathedral[link]

The cathedral of Tours, dedicated to Saint Gatien, its canonized first bishop, was begun about 1170 to replace the cathedral that was burnt out in 1166, during the dispute between Louis VII of France and Henry II of England. The lowermost stages of the western towers (illustration, above left) belong to the 12th century, but the rest of the west end is in the profusely detailed Flamboyant Gothic of the 15th century, completed just as the Renaissance was affecting the patrons who planned the châteaux of Touraine. These towers were being constructed at the same time as, for example, the Château de Chenonceau.

When the 15th century illuminator Jean Fouquet was set the task of illuminating Josephus's Jewish Antiquities, his depiction of Solomon's Temple was modeled after the nearly-complete cathedral of Tours. The atmosphere of the Gothic cathedral close permeates Honoré de Balzac's dark short novel of jealousy and provincial intrigues, Le Curé de Tours (The Curate of Tours) and his medieval story Maitre Cornélius opens within the cathedral itself.

Other points of interest[link]

• Jardin botanique de Tours, the municipal botanical garden
• Musée des Beaux-Arts de Tours
• Hôtel Goüin

Language[link]

The inhabitants of Tours (Les Tourangeaux) are renowned for speaking the "purest" form of French in the entire country. The pronunciation of Touraine is traditionally regarded as the most standard pronunciation of the French language, supposedly devoid of any perceived accent (unlike that of most other regions of France, including Paris). Gregory of Tours wrote in the 6th century that some people in this area could still speak Gaulish.

City[link]

The city of Tours has a population of 140,000 and is called "Le Jardin de la France" ("The Garden of France"). There are several parks located within the city. Tours is located between two rivers, the Loire to the north and the Cher to the south. The buildings of Tours are white with blue slate (called Ardoise) roofs; this style is common in the north of France, while most buildings in the south of France have terracotta roofs.

Tours is famous for its original medieval district, called le Vieux Tours. Unique to the Old City are its preserved half-timbered buildings and la Place Plumereau, a square with busy pubs and restaurants, whose open-air tables fill the centre of the square. The Boulevard Beranger crosses the Rue Nationale at the Place Jean-Jaures and is the location of weekly markets and fairs.

Tours is famous for its many bridges crossing the river Loire. One of them, the Pont Wilson, collapsed in 1978, but was rebuilt just like it was before.

Near the cathedral, in the garden of the ancient Palais des Archevêques (now Musée des Beaux-Arts), is a huge cedar tree planted by Napoleon. The garden also has in an alcove a stuffed elephant, Fritz. He escaped from the Barnum and Bailey circus during their stay in Tours in 1902. He went mad and had to be shot down, but the city paid to honor him, and he was stuffed as a result.

Tours is home to François Rabelais University, the site of one of the most important choral competitions, called Florilège Vocal de Tours International Choir Competition, and is a member city of the European Grand Prix for Choral Singing.

Transport[link]

Tram model, design by the French agency RCP Design Global

Today, with its extensive rail (including TGV) and autoroute links to the rest of the country, Tours is a jumping-off point for tourist visits to the Loire Valley and the royal chateaux.

Tours is on one of the main lines of the TGV. It is possible to travel to the west coast at Bordeaux in two and a half hours, to the Mediterranean coast via Avignon and from there to Spain and Barcelona, or to Lyon, Strasbourg and Lille. It takes less than one hour by train from Tours to Paris by TGV and one hour and a half to Charles de Gaulle airport. Tours has two main stations: the central station Gare de Tours, and Gare de Saint-Pierre-des-Corps, just outside the centre, the station used by trains that do not terminate in Tours.

Tours Loire Valley Airport connects the Loire Valley to London Stansted Airport and Dublin. These links are provided by the Irish airline Ryanair. National connections to Figari on Corsica, Porto and Marseille are also available during the summer.

Tours does not have a metro rail system; instead there is a bus service, the main central stop being Jean Jaures, which is next to the Hôtel de Ville, and rue Nationale, the high street of Tours. A tram network is under construction; completion is expected in September 2013, and 21 Citadis trams have been ordered from Alstom designed by RCP Design Global.^[1]

Catholics from Tours[link]

Venerable Leo Dupont, Holy Man of Tours

Tours is a special place for Catholics who follow the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus and the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. It was in Tours in 1843 that a Carmelite nun, Sister Marie of St Peter reported a vision which started the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus, in reparation for the many insults Christ suffered in His Passion. The Golden Arrow Prayer was first made public by her in Tours.

The Venerable Leo Dupont also known as The Holy Man of Tours lived in Tours at about the same time. In 1849 he started the nightly adoration of the Blessed Sacrament in Tours, from where it spread within France. Upon hearing of Sister Marie of St Peter’s reported visions, he started to burn a vigil lamp continuously before a picture of the Holy Face of Jesus and helped spread the devotion within France. The devotion was eventually approved by Pope Pius XII in 1958 and he formally declared the Feast of the Holy Face of Jesus as Shrove Tuesday (the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday) for all Roman Catholics.^[2] The Oratory of the Holy Face on Rue St. Etienne in Tours receives many pilgrims every year.

Tours was the site of the episcopal activity of St. Martin of Tours and has further Christian connotations in that the pivotal Battle of Tours in 732 is often considered the very first decisive victory over the invading Islamic forces, turning the tide against them. The battle also helped lay the foundations of the Carolingian Empire^[3]

Personalities[link]

Tours was the birthplace of:

• Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850), novelist
• Marie of St Peter (1816–1848), mystic carmelite nun
• Berengarius of Tours (999–1088), theologian
• Bernard of Tours (fl. 1147, d. before 1178), philosopher and poet
• Ernest Goüin (1815–1885), French engineer
• Yves Bonnefoy (born 1923), poet
• Abraham Bosse (1604–1676), artist
• Georges Courteline (1858–1929), dramatist and novelist
• Emile Delahaye (1843–1905), automobile pioneer
• Philippe Néricault Destouches (1680–1754), dramatist
• Jean Fouquet (1420–1481), painter
• Gabriel Lamé (1795–1870), mathematician
• Josselin Ouanna tennis player
• Laurent Petitguillaume (1960), radio and television host
• Nâdiya (1973), singer
• Harry Roselmack television presenter
• Ludovic Roy footballer
• Philippe de Trobriand (1816–1897), author, American military officer
• Louise de la Vallière (1644–1710), courtesan
• Zaz (born 1980), singer
• Luc Ducalcon (born 1984), rugby union player

International relations[link]

Tours is twinned with:

• Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, since 1962
• Segovia, Spain, since 1972
• Parma, Italy, since 1976
• Luoyang, People's Republic of China, since 1982
• Springfield, Missouri, USA, since 1984
• Trois-Rivières, Canada, since 1987
• Takamatsu, Japan, since 1988
• Braşov, Romania, since 1990
• Minneapolis, Minnesota USA, since 1991

• 

  Jardin de la Préfecture (central park).
• 

  Giant Cedar tree.
• 

  Hôtel Goüin.
• 

  Place Plumereau, Medieval buildings.
• 

  Place Plumereau.
• 

  Slate rooves of Tours.
• 

  Looking towards central Tours from the north bank of the River Loire, adjacent to the Pont Mirabeau.

See also[link]

• Bishop of Tours
• University of Tours
• Tours FC – a soccer club based in the town
• Communes of the Indre-et-Loire department

References[link]

• INSEE commune file

External links[link]

• Official website (French)
• Tours on French version of Wikipedia
• Tours and its agglomeration on video (from www.toursmetropole.fr)
• Architecture of Tours
• François Rabelais University, Tours
• Satellite picture by Google Maps

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tours

v t e Communes of the Indre-et-Loire department Abilly Ambillou Amboise Anché Antogny-le-Tillac Artannes-sur-Indre Assay Athée-sur-Cher Autrèche Auzouer-en-Touraine Avoine Avon-les-Roches Avrillé-les-Ponceaux Azay-le-Rideau Azay-sur-Cher Azay-sur-Indre Ballan-Miré Barrou Beaulieu-lès-Loches Beaumont-en-Véron Beaumont-la-Ronce Beaumont-Village Benais Berthenay Betz-le-Château Bléré Bossay-sur-Claise Bossée Le Boulay Bourgueil Bournan Boussay Braslou Braye-sous-Faye Braye-sur-Maulne Brèches Bréhémont Bridoré Brizay Bueil-en-Touraine Candes-Saint-Martin Cangey La Celle-Guenand La Celle-Saint-Avant Céré-la-Ronde Cerelles Chambon Chambourg-sur-Indre Chambray-lès-Tours Champigny-sur-Veude Chançay Chanceaux-près-Loches Chanceaux-sur-Choisille Channay-sur-Lathan La Chapelle-aux-Naux La Chapelle-Blanche-Saint-Martin La Chapelle-sur-Loire Charentilly Chargé Charnizay Château-la-Vallière Château-Renault Chaumussay Chaveignes Chédigny Cheillé Chemillé-sur-Dême Chemillé-sur-Indrois Chenonceaux Chezelles Chinon Chisseaux Chouzé-sur-Loire Cigogné Cinais Cinq-Mars-la-Pile Ciran Civray-de-Touraine Civray-sur-Esves Cléré-les-Pins Continvoir Cormery Couesmes Courçay Courcelles-de-Touraine Courcoué Couziers Cravant-les-Côteaux Crissay-sur-Manse La Croix-en-Touraine Crotelles Crouzilles Cussay Dame-Marie-les-Bois Descartes Dierre Dolus-le-Sec Draché Druye Épeigné-les-Bois Épeigné-sur-Dême Les Essards Esves-le-Moutier Esvres Faye-la-Vineuse La Ferrière Ferrière-Larçon Ferrière-sur-Beaulieu Fondettes Francueil Genillé Gizeux Le Grand-Pressigny La Guerche Les Hermites Hommes Huismes L'Île-Bouchard Ingrandes-de-Touraine Jaulnay Joué-lès-Tours Langeais Larçay Lémeré Lerné Le Liège Lignières-de-Touraine Ligré Ligueil Limeray Loches Loché-sur-Indrois Louans Louestault Le Louroux Lublé Lussault-sur-Loire Luynes Luzé Luzillé Maillé Manthelan Marçay Marcé-sur-Esves Marcilly-sur-Maulne Marcilly-sur-Vienne Marigny-Marmande Marray Mazières-de-Touraine La Membrolle-sur-Choisille Mettray Monnaie Montbazon Monthodon Montlouis-sur-Loire Montrésor Montreuil-en-Touraine Monts Morand Mosnes Mouzay Nazelles-Négron Neuil Neuillé-le-Lierre Neuillé-Pont-Pierre Neuilly-le-Brignon Neuville-sur-Brenne Neuvy-le-Roi Noizay Notre-Dame-d'Oé Nouans-les-Fontaines Nouâtre Nouzilly Noyant-de-Touraine Orbigny Panzoult Parçay-Meslay Parçay-sur-Vienne Paulmy Pernay Perrusson Le Petit-Pressigny Pocé-sur-Cisse Pont-de-Ruan Ports Pouzay Preuilly-sur-Claise Pussigny Razines Reignac-sur-Indre Restigné Reugny La Riche Richelieu Rigny-Ussé Rillé Rilly-sur-Vienne Rivarennes Rivière La Roche-Clermault Rochecorbon Rouziers-de-Touraine Saché Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher Saint-Aubin-le-Dépeint Saint-Avertin Saint-Bauld Saint-Benoît-la-Forêt Saint-Branchs Saint-Christophe-sur-le-Nais Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine Saint-Épain Saint-Étienne-de-Chigny Saint-Flovier Saint-Genouph Saint-Germain-sur-Vienne Saint-Hippolyte Saint-Jean-Saint-Germain Saint-Laurent-de-Lin Saint-Laurent-en-Gâtines Saint-Martin-le-Beau Saint-Michel-sur-Loire Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil Saint-Nicolas-des-Motets Saint-Ouen-les-Vignes Saint-Paterne-Racan Saint-Patrice Saint-Pierre-des-Corps Saint-Quentin-sur-Indrois Saint-Règle Saint-Roch Saint-Senoch Saunay Savigné-sur-Lathan Savigny-en-Véron Savonnières Sazilly Semblançay Sennevières Sepmes Seuilly Sonzay Sorigny Souvigné Souvigny-de-Touraine Sublaines Tauxigny Tavant Theneuil Thilouze Thizay Tournon-Saint-Pierre Tours La Tour-Saint-Gelin Trogues Truyes Vallères Varennes Veigné Véretz Verneuil-le-Château Verneuil-sur-Indre Vernou-sur-Brenne Villaines-les-Rochers Villandry La Ville-aux-Dames Villebourg Villedômain Villedômer Villeloin-Coulangé Villeperdue Villiers-au-Bouin Vou Vouvray Yzeures-sur-Creuse

This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. Please help by editing the article to make improvements to the overall structure. (April 2012)

This is a list of characters that appear (or have appeared) on the ABC soap opera General Hospital.

A[link]

Benny Abrahms (deceased)

(Richard Fancy, 1997–2003)

Corinthos and Morgan's original financier. Identical twin brother of Bernie. Passed away after suffering a fatal heart attack.

Bernie Abrahms

(Richard Fancy, 2006–present)

Born Bernard K. Abrahms in 1943. The Jewish financier for Corinthos and Morgan is Benny's identical twin brother. He is a widower. Uncle of Conan. He also owns Sam and Spinelli's private eye agency.

Rachel Adair (deceased)

(Amy Grabow, 2005)

Worked with lover A.J. Quartermaine to frame Courtney Matthews for his supposed murder. Dated Steven Lars Webber. Killed by Dr. Asher Thomas after being injected with digitalis.

Louise Addison

(Cara Pifko, 2009)

Assistant District Attorney appointed to office in 2009. Best friends with Lisa Niles.

Diego Alcazar (deceased)

(Ignacio Serricchio, 2004–2006, 2008)

Son of Maria Sanchez and Lorenzo Alcazar. Half-brother of Lila Rae Alcazar. Was raised thinking that Maria was his sister because she did not want his father, Alcazar, to realize he was alive. After discovering who his parents actually were he became obsessed with stalking the girls involved with his cousin Sage's death. Schemed with Lulu Spencer to break up Dillon Quartermaine and Georgie Jones. Thought to have been shot to death by Sam McCall in self defense, but resurfaced in February 2008 as the Text Message Killer. Killed in March 2008 after an accidental hanging.

Lila Rae Alcazar

(Gianna Maria Crane, 2006–2007, 2008)

Daughter of Lorenzo Alcazar and Skye Chandler Quartermaine. Half-sister of Diego Alcazar. Skye named her after her adoptive grandmother Lila Quartermaine, and her mother Rae Cummings. Currently living in London, England with her mother Skye and grandmother Rae.

Lorenzo Alcazar (deceased)

(Ted King, 2003–2007)

Brother of Luis Alcazar. Father of Diego Alcazar and Lila Rae Alcazar. Came to Port Charles to seek revenge for his brother's death. Always at war with Sonny Corinthos. Married to Carly Corinthos briefly. Had an affair with Skye Quartermaine that produced a child (Lila Rae). Was shot and killed by Jason Morgan.

Luis Alcazar (deceased)

(Ted King, 2002)

Brother of Lorenzo Alcazar, father of Sage Alcazar. Held Brenda Barrett captive for four years, leading everyone to believe that she was dead. Killed in self-defense by Alexis Davis after being pushed to his death off his balcony in 2002.

Sage Alcazar (deceased)

(Eileen Boylan,^[1] 2003; Katie Stuart,^[2] 2003–2004)

Daughter of Luis Alcazar, niece of Lorenzo Alcazar. Killed by Mary Bishop at the Quartermaine mansion.

Alfred

(Jack Donner, 2006–2010)

Butler of Prince Nikolas Cassadine. Was poisoned and almost killed by Colleen McHenry. A kind and quiet man.

Ali (deceased)

Friend of Kristina Davis. Had a crush on Michael Corinthos III. Died from injuries after a bus accident.

Karen Anderson

(Betsy Franco, 2010)

Mother of Robert "Franco" Frank (deceased). Left Port Charles and went to Oregon.

Ruby Anderson (deceased)

(Norma Connolly,^[3] 1979–1998)

Aunt to Luke Spencer and Bobbie Spencer. Former madam; longtime manager of Kelly's. Died in her sleep in 1999, left Kelly's to her niece and nephew, Bobbie and Luke.Ruby Anderson @ Soapcentral.com

Grant Andrews

(Brian Patrick Clarke,^[4] 1983–1985)

Former Russian spy named Andre Chermin. Assumed the alias Grant Putnam; formerly married to Celia Quartermaine.

Venus "V" Ardanowski

(Lisa Cerasoli,^[5] 1997–1999)

Former police officer, secretary to Jasper Jacks, and music executive at L&B Records. Left Port Charles with Simon Prentiss, a gambler she met in Monte Carlo.

Andy Archer (deceased)

(Ron Melendez, 2007–2009)

Anesthesiologist at General Hospital, portrayed by Ron Melendez in 2007 during the first season of General Hospital: Night Shift. In the storyline, Archer self-medicates with gas to help himself sleep but soon becomes addicted; he is nearly killed when "psychotic" nurse Jolene Crowell tries to kill him by upping his dosage as he sleeps. He also becomes involved with fellow doctor Kelly Lee, who is herself battling a sex addiction and rebuffs his desire to pursue a relationship. They soon agree to be friends and help each other with their addictions. Archer subsequently appears on General Hospital sporadically until January 29, 2009, when he dies as the first victim of a bio-toxin accidentally released in the hospital.

David Arnett (deceased)

Psychiatrist at General Hospital. Married to Terri Webber. Killed in Vietnam.

Terri Webber Arnett

(Bobbi Jordan, 1976–1977)

Sister to Jeff Webber and Rick Webber. Daughter of Lars and Helene Webber. Widower of David Arnett. Had a brief fling with Dr. Mark Dante.

Danielle Ashley (deceased)

Daughter of Avery Stanton. Half sister to Dominique Stanton and Katherine Bell. Aunt of Serena Baldwin. Died during surgery after being in a car accident.

Ashton

(Salina Marie Carter, 2010)

Friend of Kiefer Bauer and Willow. Bullied Kristina Davis.

Arielle Gastineau Ashton

(Jane Higginson, 1988–1989)

Niece of Nicholas Van Buren. Married to Larry Ashton. Formerly wed to Colton Shore. Came to Port Charles during the Dragon Bone quest.

Brook Lynn Ashton

(Brooke Radding, 1999–2001; Adrianne Leon, 2004–2006, 2010–2011)

Daughter of Ned Ashton and Lois Cerullo, granddaughter of Tracy Quartermaine. Niece of Dillon Quartermaine. Singer. Named after Brooklyn, New York, her mother's home town. Stalked by Diego Alcazar as punishment for the role she played in Sage Alcazar's death. Moved back home to Bensonhurst in 2006, but returned to Port Charles in 2010 in a plot staged by Carly Corinthos to break up Lulu Spencer and Dante Falconeri. Worked as Nikolas Cassadine's private escort until 2011, when she once again left town. Originally played by actress Brooke Radding in 1996, the character was last portrayed by actress Adrianne Leon when her birth date was revised to 1987 in 2004. Leon was nominated for two awards for the role in 2005: the Soap Opera Digest "Outstanding Female Newcomer Award", and "Outstanding Younger Actress" in the Daytime Emmy awards.

Edward "Ned" Ashton

(Kurt McKinney, 1988–1991; Wally Kurth, 1991–2005, 2006, 2007)

Son of Larry Ashton and Tracy Quartermaine, father of Brook Lynn Ashton. Once led a double life – corporate CEO Ned Ashton by day, leather pants wearing rock star Eddie Maine by night. Once had an affair with Monica Quartermaine, who did not know he was Tracy's son. Ex-husband of Jenny Eckert, Lois Cerullo, and Chloe Morgan. Ex-fiancé of Alexis Davis. Ex-lover of Dawn Winthrop, Julia Barrett, Kristina Cassadine, and Faith Rosco.

Lord Lawrence "Larry" Ashton

(Hugo Napier,^[6] 1988–1989, 1991–1992)

Ex-husband of Tracy Quartermaine. Husband of Arielle. Father of Ned Ashton. Grandfather of Brook Lynn Ashton. Lives in England.

Cal Atkins (deceased)

(Leif Riddell, 1992)

Brother of Joe Atkins. Robbed Kelly's and shot Jagger Cates when Jagger protected Ruby Anderson. Assaulted Karen Wexler. Supposedly fell to his death after fighting with Jason Quartermaine and Jagger Cates. But resurfaced and was sent to prison.

Joseph 'Joe' Atkins

(Scott Lincoln, 1992)

Brother of Cal Atkins. Murdered a police officer and escaped from jail. Penpal of Bobbie Spencer. Broke out of prison and held her and Tony Jones hostage. Sent to prison.

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Bobby Chandler Baldwin (deceased)

(Ted Eccles, 1975–1976)

Son of Carolyn Chandler Baldwin; stepson of Lee Baldwin. Medical student in New York. Father to baby boy Chandler. Husband to Samantha Livingston. Was lost at sea.

Carolyn Chandler Baldwin (deceased)

(Augusta Dabney, 1975–1976)

Adoption Agent. Mother of Bobby Chandler. Widow of Mr. Chandler. Married to Lee Baldwin until her death. Grandmother to baby boy Chandler. Was lost at sea.

Christina Baldwin

(Angela and Michelle Mora, 1999–2000; Kaitlyn Maggio, 2001–2003 (Port Charles))

Biological child of Julie Devlin and Frank Scanlon. Adopted daughter of Lucy Coe and Scott Baldwin. Sister of Karen Wexler, Logan Hayes, and Serena Baldwin.

Gail Adamson Baldwin

(Susan Brown, 1977–1985, 1992–2001, 2002, 2004)

Wife of Lee Baldwin, surrogate mother of Monica Quartermaine. Former psychiatrist at General Hospital.

Lee Baldwin

(Ross Elliott, 1963–1965; Peter Hansen, 1965–1986, 1992–2001, 2002, 2004)

Attorney. Adoptive father of Scott Baldwin, husband of Gail Adamson Baldwin.

Meg Bentley Baldwin (deceased)

(Patricia Breslin, 1966–1969; Elizabeth MacRae; 1969–1970, 1972–1973)

Mother of Scott Baldwin. Wife of Lee Baldwin. Registered nurse at General Hospital.

Scott Baldwin

(Johnny Whitaker, 1965; Kin Shriner, 1977–1980, 1981–1983, 1988–1993, 1998, 2000–2004, 2007–2008)

Son of David Bordisso and Meg Bentley, adopted by Lee Baldwin. Father of Karen Wexler, Logan Hayes, Serena Baldwin, and Christina Baldwin. Responsible for the Port Charles Hotel fire in 2004. Murdered Rick Webber and framed Laura Spencer.

Serena Baldwin

(Carly Schroeder, 1997–2003)

Daughter of Scott Baldwin and Dominique Stanton Baldwin. Lucy Coe was her surrogate and then adoptive mother. Sister of Karen Wexler, Logan Hayes and Christina Baldwin. Niece of Katherine Bell.

Thomas Baldwin Sr.

(Paul Savior, 1967–1972; Don Chastain, 1977–1982, 1984–1987; David Walker, 1982–1984)

Brother of Lee. Ex-husband of Audrey March. Father of Thomas Steven Hardy Sr. Grandfather of Thomas Hardy Jr.

Dominique Stanton Baldwin (deceased)

(Tawny Fere Ellis, 1991; Shell Danielson, 1992–1993)

Married to Scott Baldwin at the time of her death. Biological mother of Serena Baldwin. Died of a brain tumor before Serena's birth.

Alec Barrett

(Quinn Friedman, 2011)

Biological son of Brenda Corinthos and the late Aleksander Janacek. Named Aleksander Janacek Jr. Former step-son of Sonny Corinthos. Grandson of Harlan Barrett, Veronica Wilding, Theo Hoffman, and Suzanne Stanwyck. Nephew of Julia Barrett. Hidden away from Brenda, by his grandmother Suzanne Stanwyck. Formerly known by the alias Alec Scott.

Brenda Barrett

(Vanessa Marcil, 1992–1998, 2002–2003, 2010–2011)

Daughter of Harlan Barrett (deceased) and Veronica Wilding (deceased). Half-sister of Julia Barrett. Ex-wife of Jason Morgan and Sonny Corinthos. Ex-fiancée of Jasper Jacks and Murphy Sinclair. Ex-lover of Miguel Morez, John "Jagger" Cates, Luis Alcazar and Aleksander Janacek (deceased). Mother of Alec Scott with Aleksander Janacek. Believed to be dead for four years. Arrested for murder twice, though acquitted once and the guilty ruling was overturned on appeal. Lives in Italy with her son.

Cooper "Coop" Barrett (deceased)

(Jason Gerhardt, 2007–2008)

Former soldier in Iraq. One of the seven assailants that take the Metro Court Hotel hostage. Bonded with Maxie Jones while trapped in the hotel vault. Maxie snuck Coop out of the hotel after it exploded and hid his part in the hostage crisis. Got a job working security at the same hotel, until Sonny Corinthos found out he was one of the hostage takers, and was now working for Sonny, by being a cop at the PCPD to feed Sonny and Jason information. Dated Maxie Jones. He was found dead in January 2008, murdered by Diego Alcazar.

Harlan Barrett (deceased)

(Michael Cole, 1991)

Father of Julia Barrett and Brenda Barrett. Founder of Barrett Industries, member of the Cartel, shot and killed by Bill Eckert, his heir. Grandfather of Alec Scott.

Julia Barrett

(Crystal Carson, 1991–1993, 1997, 1998)

Daughter of Harlan Barrett (deceased). Older half-sister of Brenda Barrett. Dated Jerry Jacks (deceased) before Brenda met Jax. Aunt of Alec Scott.

Lucian Barrett

(Elvis Martinez, 2011)

Fake son of Brenda Barrett Corinthos and Aleksander Janacek. Used as a decoy by Suzanne Stanwyck to throw Brenda off the trail of her real son Alec Scott.

Roger Barret

(Unknown actor)

DVX agent. Held the General Hospital café hostage, threatening to contaminate the whole room with a MOX 36 virus toxin if his demands were not met. Held Bobbie Spencer hostage while trying to make a run for it, later poisoning her with the toxin. Stabbed by Frisco with his own toxin.

Alison Barrington

(Erin Hershey Presly, 2000; 2000–2003 (Port Charles))

Daughter of Elizabeth Barrington. Did not get along with Emily Quartermaine. Kissed Juan Santiago, which made Emily jealous.

Amanda Barrington

(Anne Jeffreys, 1984–1987, 1998, 2004)

Wealthy socialite. Friend to Lila and Edward Quartermaine. Mother of Derek Barrington. Grandmother of Alison Barrington.

Derek Barrington

(Mark Goddard, 1984–1986)

Biological father of Mike Webber by Ginny Blake Webber. Son of Amanda Barrington. Married to Lorena Sharpe.

Elizabeth Barrington

Wealthy Socialite and Fashion Designer. Mother of Alison Barrington. Ex-wife of Malcolm Barrington.

Lorena Sharpe-Barrington

(Shelley Taylor Morgan, 1984–1986)

Possible cousin of Monica Quartermaine. Lover and housemate of Jimmy Lee and nemesis of Celia Quartermaine. Lorena moved to Port Charles to open Avalon Spa and was soon joined by her partner in crime, Leo Russell. Together they blackmailed wealthy matrons. Lorena's dubious achievement was causing Edward Quartermaine's heart attack. Prior to leaving Port Charles, she married Derek, the son of one of her blackmail subjects, and moved to Nebraska to decorate her new mansion.

Evelyn Bass (deceased)

(mentioned character)

Ex-wife of Cody McCall. Mother of Danny McCall. Adoptive mother of Sam McCall. Abandoned Sam and left her with Cody when Sam was very young. Was killed in a house fire set by her mentally handicapped son Danny McCall.

Saira Batra

(Azita Ghanizada, 2008)

Doctor specializing in holistic health at General Hospital. Saira met Robin Scorpio in medical school in Paris, and returned to the states to work with Robin in Port Charles.

Kiefer Bauer (deceased)

(Christian Alexander, 2009–2010)

Son of Warren and Melinda Bauer. Classmate and boyfriend of Kristina Davis. Believed to have been abused by his father. Clashed with Kristina's brother Michael Corinthos and her crush Ethan Lovett. Bullied her younger brother Morgan Corinthos. Was abusive towards Kristina, pressuring her into having sex with him and hospitalizing her twice in early spring 2010. Was the victim of a hit-and-run accident caused by Alexis Davis, dying from his internal injuries shortly after arriving to General Hospital.

Melinda Bauer

(Lisa Waltz, 2010)

Mother of Kiefer Bauer. Widow of Warren Bauer.

Warren Bauer (deceased)

(Bradley Cole, 2010)

Father of Kiefer Bauer. Believed to have abused Kiefer. Became obsessed with getting revenge on Alexis Davis and Kristina Davis after Kiefer's death. Shot Mac Scorpio and Ethan Lovett to avenge his son's demise. Shot by Mac just as he was about to shoot Michael Corinthos.