- published: 05 May 2011
- views: 1084
- author: Teddy Setiady
1:18
Arctic North Pole USSR Expedtion Watches
NORTH POLE 1 - 1937 SOVIET ARCTIC EXPEDITION COMMEMORATIVE 24 HOURS DIAL WRISTWATCH. 24 ho...
published: 05 May 2011
author: Teddy Setiady
Arctic North Pole USSR Expedtion Watches
NORTH POLE 1 - 1937 SOVIET ARCTIC EXPEDITION COMMEMORATIVE 24 HOURS DIAL WRISTWATCH. 24 hours dial ring- no need to guess AM or PM time! Glowing Hour & Minut...
- published: 05 May 2011
- views: 1084
- author: Teddy Setiady
9:44
Vostok Station [Wikipedia Article]
Vostok Station is a Russian Antarctic research station. This station is at the southern ...
published: 18 Sep 2013
Vostok Station [Wikipedia Article]
Vostok Station is a Russian Antarctic research station. This station is at the southern Pole of Cold, with the lowest reliably measured natural temperature on Earth of −89.2 °C . Research includes ice core drilling and magnetometry. Vostok was named after Vostok, the lead ship of the First Russian Antarctic Expedition captained by Fabian von Bellingshausen .
Description
Vostok Research Station is located at 78°27′51.92″S 106°50′14.38″E / 78.4644222°S 106.8373278°E / -78.4644222; 106.8373278Coordinates: 78°27′51.92″S 106°50′14.38″E / 78.4644222°S 106.8373278°E / -78.4644222; 106.8373278, about 1,300 km from the Geographic South Pole, at the center of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and within the Australian Antarctic Territory. As a signatory to the Antarctic Treaty System, Australia does not exercise sovereignty over the territory.
Vostok is located near the Southern Pole of Inaccessibility and the South Geomagnetic Pole, making it one of the optimal places to observe changes in the Earth's magnetosphere. Other studies include actinometry, geophysics, medicine and climatology.
The station is at 3,488 meters (11,444 ft) above sea level and is one of the most isolated established research stations on the Antarctic continent. The station was supplied from Mirny Station on the Antarctic coast. The station typically contains 25 scientists and engineers in the summer. In winter, their number drops to 13.
The only permanent research station located farther south is the Amundsen--Scott South Pole Station, operated by the United States at the geographic South Pole.
History
Vostok station was established on 16 December 1957 (during the International Geophysical Year) by the 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition and was operated year-round for more than 37 years. The station was temporarily closed from February to November 1994.
In 1974, when British scientists in Antarctica performed an airborne ice-penetrating radar survey and detected strange radar readings at the site, the presence of a liquid, freshwater lake below the ice did not instantly spring to mind. In 1991, Jeff Ridley, a remote-sensing specialist with the Mullard Space Science Laboratory at University College London, directed a European satellite called ERS-1 to turn its high-frequency array toward the center of the Antarctic ice cap. It confirmed the 1974 discovery, but it was not until 1993 that the discovery was published in the Journal of Glaciology. Space-based radar revealed that the sub-glacial body of fresh water was one of the largest lakes in the world - and one of some 140 subglacial lakes in Antarctica. Russian and British scientists delineated the lake in 1996 by integrating a variety of data, including airborne ice-penetrating radar imaging observations and spaceborne radar altimetry. Lake Vostok lies some 4,000 meters (13,000 ft) below the surface of the central Antarctic ice sheet and covers an area of 14,000 km² (5,400 sq mi).
Climate
Vostok Station has an ice cap climate, with long frigid winters and very short, cold summers. The climate is extremely dry, with an average of only 20.8 millimeters of precipitation per year.
Vostok is the World Pole of Cold. During the long winter, temperatures average about −65 °C (−85 °F); in the brief summer, about −30 °C (−22 °F).
The lowest reliably measured temperature on Earth of −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) was in Vostok on 21 July 1983 (See List of weather records), beating the station's former record of -88.3°C (-126.9°F) on 24 August 1960. Lower temperatures occurred higher up towards the summit of the ice sheet as temperature decreases with height along the surface.
Though unconfirmed, it has been reported that Vostok reached the temperature of −91 °C (−132 °F) during the winter of 1997.
The warmest recorded temperature at Vostok is −12.2 °C (10.0 °F), which occurred on 11 January 2002.
The coldest month was August 1987 with a mean temperature of −75.4 °C (−103.7 °F) and the warmest month was December 1989 with mean of −28 °C (−18 °F).
In addition to the extremely cold temperatures, other factors make Vostok one of the most difficult places on Earth for human habitation:
An almost complete lack of moisture in the air.
An average windspeed of 5 m/s (18 km/h) (11 mph), sometimes rising to as high as 27 m/s (97 km/h)(60 mph).
A lack of oxygen because of its high elevation at 3,488 meters (11,444 ft).
A higher ionization of the air.
A polar night that lasts approximately 130 days, from mid April to late August, including 80 continuous days of civil polar night (i.e. too dark to read, during which the Sun is more than 6 degrees below the horizon.)
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA sourced from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_StationPublic domain image sourced from http://wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LakeVostok-Location.jpg
- published: 18 Sep 2013
- views: 0
3:23
Putin meets scientists of Arctic expedition
President Putin meets scientists in Arkhangelsk to discuss an expedition to clear Soviet-e...
published: 28 Apr 2013
author: transitii
Putin meets scientists of Arctic expedition
President Putin meets scientists in Arkhangelsk to discuss an expedition to clear Soviet-era chemical waste from Franz Josef Land in the Arctic Ocean.
- published: 28 Apr 2013
- views: 1
- author: transitii
9:23
54th Russian Antarctic Expedition (Time-Lapse) HD / 54ava Expedición Rusa a la Antártica. HD
This is the 54th Russian expedition to Antarctic aboard the Akademic Fyodorov research shi...
published: 22 Jan 2011
author: Rick GC
54th Russian Antarctic Expedition (Time-Lapse) HD / 54ava Expedición Rusa a la Antártica. HD
This is the 54th Russian expedition to Antarctic aboard the Akademic Fyodorov research ship during the austral spring of 2008, which lasted several months an...
- published: 22 Jan 2011
- views: 3693
- author: Rick GC
1:18
Russian flag planted on N Pole seabed
Members of the largest ever Russian polar expedition, `Arctic 2007`, have completed their ...
published: 02 Aug 2007
author: RussiaToday
Russian flag planted on N Pole seabed
Members of the largest ever Russian polar expedition, `Arctic 2007`, have completed their first mission to explore the seabed at the North Pole. The expediti...
- published: 02 Aug 2007
- views: 11964
- author: RussiaToday
0:17
MV Lyubov Orlova, Quark Expeditions, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, South Pole
MV Lyubov Orlova is a 1976 Yugoslavia-built ice-strengthened Mariya Yermolova class cruise...
published: 15 Aug 2011
author: Pietro Pecco
MV Lyubov Orlova, Quark Expeditions, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, South Pole
MV Lyubov Orlova is a 1976 Yugoslavia-built ice-strengthened Mariya Yermolova class cruise ship. Once known for Antarctic cruises, the ship made headlines af...
- published: 15 Aug 2011
- views: 359
- author: Pietro Pecco
44:10
Third Reich - Operation UFO (Nazi Base In Antarctica) Complete Documentary
http://www.exopolitics.org.uk For the first time, the legendary 2006 Russian documentary '...
published: 25 Sep 2012
author: Elf Wave
Third Reich - Operation UFO (Nazi Base In Antarctica) Complete Documentary
http://www.exopolitics.org.uk For the first time, the legendary 2006 Russian documentary 'Third Reich - Operation UFO' in its entirety, fully translated into...
- published: 25 Sep 2012
- views: 1246164
- author: Elf Wave
5:30
Secret Soviet expeditions to the North Pole
The North Pole is probably the least explored part of Earth despite hundreds or even thous...
published: 18 Jul 2011
author: rianews
Secret Soviet expeditions to the North Pole
The North Pole is probably the least explored part of Earth despite hundreds or even thousands of expeditions to the land. Its first explorers blazed a firm ...
- published: 18 Jul 2011
- views: 569
- author: rianews
3:40
MV Lyubov Orlova, Quark Expeditions, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, South America
MV Lyubov Orlova is a 1976 Yugoslavia-built ice-strengthened Mariya Yermolova-class cruise...
published: 08 Jul 2013
author: Pietro Pecco
MV Lyubov Orlova, Quark Expeditions, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, South America
MV Lyubov Orlova is a 1976 Yugoslavia-built ice-strengthened Mariya Yermolova-class cruise ship. Once known for Antarctic cruises, the ship made headlines af...
- published: 08 Jul 2013
- views: 61
- author: Pietro Pecco
31:24
Top Secret US Military Base in Greenland | City Under the Ice: Camp Century | Cold War Documentary
My channel: http://youtube.com/TheBestFilmArchives
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published: 09 Sep 2013
Top Secret US Military Base in Greenland | City Under the Ice: Camp Century | Cold War Documentary
My channel: http://youtube.com/TheBestFilmArchives
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Project Iceworm was the code name for a top secret US Army program during the Cold War to build a network of mobile nuclear missile launch sites under the Greenland ice sheet. The ultimate objective of placing medium-range missiles under the ice - close enough to Moscow to strike targets within the Soviet Union - was kept secret from the Danish government. To study the feasibility of working under the ice, a highly publicized "cover" project, known as "Camp Century" was launched in 1960. This film shows the story of the construction of Camp Century.
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- published: 09 Sep 2013
- views: 115
19:26
Franz Josef Land [Wikipedia Article]
Franz Josef Land, Franz Joseph Land, or Francis Joseph's Land is an archipelago located i...
published: 18 Sep 2013
Franz Josef Land [Wikipedia Article]
Franz Josef Land, Franz Joseph Land, or Francis Joseph's Land is an archipelago located in the far north of Russia. It lies in the Arctic Ocean north of Novaya Zemlya and east of Svalbard, and is administered by Arkhangelsk Oblast. Franz Josef Land consists of 191 ice-covered islands with a total area of 16,134 km2 . It is currently uninhabited.
At latitudes between 80.0° and 81.9° north, it is the most northerly group of islands associated with Eurasia. The extreme northernmost point is Cape Fligely on Rudolf Island. The archipelago is only 900 to 1,110 km (560 to 690 miles) from the North Pole, and the northernmost islands are closer to the Pole than any other land except for Canada's Ellesmere Island and Greenland.
The archipelago was possibly first discovered by the Norwegian sealers Nils Fredrik Rønnbeck and Johan Petter Aidijärvi aboard the schooner Spidsbergen in 1865 who, according to scarce reports, sailed eastward from Svalbard until they reached a new land, denoted Nordøst-Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen was the contemporary name of Svalbard). It is not known if they went ashore, and the new islands were soon forgotten.
The officially recognized discovery took place in 1873 by the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition led by polar explorers Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht. They named the archipelago in honour of the Austro-Hungarian emperor Franz Joseph I. Since the expedition was privately sponsored and not official, these islands have not been part of Austria.
In 1926 the islands were taken over by the Soviet Union, and a few people were settled for research and military purposes. Access by ships is possible only for a few summer weeks and a special permit is required to visit the islands.
History
The first recognized exploration of the archipelago was done in 1873 by Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition explorers Karl Weyprecht and Julius von Payer, while their ship was locked in ice trying to find a northeast passage. After exploration of its southern islands, the name was bestowed in honor of Austro-Hungarian emperor Franz Josef I of Austria. The Norwegians Fridtjof Nansen and Hjalmar Johansen passed through the islands in 1895--96 after an aborted attempt to reach the pole. By sheer coincidence, they met British explorer Frederick George Jackson at Northbrook Island in 1896.
In 1914, Russian navigator Valerian Albanov and one crewman, Alexander Konrad, sole survivors of the ill-fated Brusilov expedition, made it to Cape Flora on Northbrook Island, where they knew that Frederick George Jackson had left provisions and had built a hut in a previous Arctic expedition. Albanov and Konrad were timely rescued by Georgy Sedov's ship Saint Foka, while they were preparing for the winter. Their plight was chronicled in Albanov's published diary, In the Land of White Death.
With the introduction of larger steam-powered vessels, a number of sealing expeditions were made to the islands from the last decade of the 19th century, with more than 80% of these coming from Norway. In the late 1920s, both the Soviet Union and Norway claimed the islands. Norwegians called the islands "Fridtjof Nansen Land". The Soviet Union claimed a sector in the Arctic region that included Franz Josef Land and the nearby Victoria Island by a decree of 15 April 1926. Norway was notified on 6 May and officially protested on 19 December, contesting the Soviet claim.
In the following years, Norwegian authorities put much effort into reclaiming Victoria Island and Franz Josef Land. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs did not wish to take any measures to lay official claims, but had no objection to private initiatives. In 1929, consul Lars Christensen of Sandefjord, a whaling tycoon whose expeditions had annexed Bouvet Island and Peter I Island in Antarctica, funded an expedition of two vessels, S/S Torsnes and M/C Hvalrossen. Upon departure from Tromsø, the crew were given detailed instructions to erect a manned wireless station and leave a wintering crew on Franz Josef Land, and also to claim Victoria Island on behalf of Christensen. The objective was to obtain legal footing in part of the archipelago before the Soviets did. The expedition never reached Franz Josef Land due to severe ice conditions, and while waiting for better conditions they were surpassed by the Soviet icebreaker Georgij Sedov.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA sourced from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Josef_LandCreative Commons image sourced from http://wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Franz_Josef_Land-en.svg
- published: 18 Sep 2013
- views: 0
10:46
The Great Northern Sea Route 1947 USSR 11min
more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/russia_news.html "Scientific Documentary: The Russ...
published: 26 Mar 2012
author: Jeff Quitney
The Great Northern Sea Route 1947 USSR 11min
more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/russia_news.html "Scientific Documentary: The Russian icebreaker North Pole maps out a sea route from Murmansk to the...
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 1076
- author: Jeff Quitney
0:29
Arctic and Antarctic Museum
This Article Arctic and Antarctic Museum is composed of Creative Common Content.
The Orig...
published: 28 Sep 2013
Arctic and Antarctic Museum
This Article Arctic and Antarctic Museum is composed of Creative Common Content.
The Original Article can be location at WikiPedia.org.
The Arctic and Antarctic Museum is a museum in St. Petersburg Russia. It was established in November 1930 as part of the Soviet Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute but was not opened until six years later.
The museum is located in Avraam Melnikovs Neoclassical church from the 1820s and remains the largest museum dedicated to polar exploration in the world. Russian State Museum of Arctic and Antarcticref The current director of the museum is Victor Boyarsky.
- published: 28 Sep 2013
- views: 0
11:53
Franz Josef Land. Russian Arctic Environmental Remediation
Cleaning job implemented in the decommissioned military base Nagurskaya on Alexandra Land ...
published: 18 Dec 2011
author: Sergei Tambiev
Franz Josef Land. Russian Arctic Environmental Remediation
Cleaning job implemented in the decommissioned military base Nagurskaya on Alexandra Land Isle, FJL under the UNEP/GEF Project: Russian Federation -- Support...
- published: 18 Dec 2011
- views: 698
- author: Sergei Tambiev
Youtube results:
20:56
ANTARCTICA - Op. Highjump - Russian and Western versions
A synopsis of the Russian version and the Western version of "Operation High Jump" All ori...
published: 15 Aug 2012
author: atlanticobr
ANTARCTICA - Op. Highjump - Russian and Western versions
A synopsis of the Russian version and the Western version of "Operation High Jump" All original takes. The truth about Operation High Jump, performed by Ad...
- published: 15 Aug 2012
- views: 9079
- author: atlanticobr
3:28
Russian ENERGY GIANT Gazprom Launches GIANT GAS FIELD in Arctic
Russian energy giant Gazprom officially launched production on Tuesday at its giant Bovane...
published: 24 Oct 2012
author: WestEndNews
Russian ENERGY GIANT Gazprom Launches GIANT GAS FIELD in Arctic
Russian energy giant Gazprom officially launched production on Tuesday at its giant Bovanenkovo gas field on the Yamal Peninsula in the Arctic. MOSCOW, Octob...
- published: 24 Oct 2012
- views: 663
- author: WestEndNews
7:17
Mountain Mystery Sole survivor of doomed climbing expedition passes away...
Mountain Mystery: Sole survivor of doomed climbing expedition ... ▻ 7:17▻ 7:17 www.youtube...
published: 03 May 2013
author: MrNewsUltimate
Mountain Mystery Sole survivor of doomed climbing expedition passes away...
Mountain Mystery: Sole survivor of doomed climbing expedition ... ▻ 7:17▻ 7:17 www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgCs-B_NyVg 2 dias atrás - Vídeo enviado por primetime...
- published: 03 May 2013
- views: 1635
- author: MrNewsUltimate
13:44
Nazi UFO: Third Reich Operation UFO (Russian) Nazi Antarctica - Secret Nazi Base 3
English Subtitles - Nazi UFO: Third Reich Operation UFO (Russian) Nazi Antarctica - Secret...
published: 28 Feb 2013
author: livingselfsufficient
Nazi UFO: Third Reich Operation UFO (Russian) Nazi Antarctica - Secret Nazi Base 3
English Subtitles - Nazi UFO: Third Reich Operation UFO (Russian) Nazi Antarctica - Secret Nazi Base - YouTube Video Nazi UFO Playlist ▻ https://www.youtube....
- published: 28 Feb 2013
- views: 3673
- author: livingselfsufficient