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MNCTV PT. Cipta TPI
Launched	January 23, 1991(as TPI) October 20, 2010 (as MNCTV)
Owned by	PT Cipta Lamtoro Gung Persada (1991-2000) PT Media Nusantara Citra Tbk (2001-Present) [1]
Slogan	Selalu di Hati (2010-present) Makin Indonesia Makin Asyik Aja (2007-2010 as TPI) Makin Asyik Aja (1998-2007 as TPI) Televisi Keluarga Anda (1991-1998 as TPI) Official F1 Station (2002-2004 as TPI during Formula One's official broadcaster)
Country	Indonesia
Broadcast area	Free To Air/Cable/Satellite
Formerly called	TPI
Sister channel(s)	Global TV (2003-present) RCTI (2003-present) SINDOtv (2007-present) TVRI (1991-1997) MetroTV (2000-2003)
Website	www.mnctv.com
Availability
Satellite
Indovision	Channel 82
TelkomVision	Channel ??
Dream thaicom5 (thailand)	Channel 215
Cable
First Media	Channel 12
TelkomVision	Channel ??
IndosatM2	Channel ??
MasCable TV	Channel 04
Internet television
mivo.tv	Free

MNCTV (formerly TPI, Short of Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia (Indonesian education channel)) is an Indonesian private television channel which headquarter's based in East Jakarta. TPI was established by Tutut Soeharto (the first daughter of former president Suharto). It began broadcasting on the 23rd of January 1991. It began with broadcasting only educational programs, but has since become similar to other Indonesian TV stations, showing programs such as quizzes, sinetrons (soap operas), reality TV shows, sport shows, and lately, dangdut music.

75% MNCTV's share is currently held by Media Nusantara Citra, that also has shares on RCTI and Global TV.

History[link]

Early days[link]

TPI was created as an educational television station by state broadcaster TVRI in January 2, 1991. By the time of its launch in 1991, it airs as an educational programming block targeted to elementary students, junior high school students and high school students, 2 hours per day on Television at 08:00 to 10:00. To do so, it accompanied with the Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia. As a programming block, it airs a high school subject matter.

On April 1991, the block was expanded into 4 hours at 08:00 to 12:00, later to 6.5 hours on the 1 June 1992 at 06:30 to 12:00 and finally to eight hours on November 30, 1992 at 06:00 to 14:00. On January 23, 1993, TPI began to air its first soap opera program as a distraction to 16,5 hours at 05:30 to 21:00.

1993-2003: Splitting service[link]

On January 23, 1993, TPI began to air its first reality TV show. After TPI ended its ties with TVRI in 1997, its educational programs have been displaced by more soap opera and entertainment programming. In 1998, the channel retired the original branding name "Televisi Publiksiaran Indonesia" (lit. Indonesian Public Broadcasting Television) in favor of the on-air name "Televisi Keluarga Indonesia" (lit. Indonesian Family Television). On May 18, 2001, the TPI name was used but only using the simple word "TPI" instead. Also, TPI began to expand more programs that related to musics, sports, cartoon, etc..

From 2004, it focused on dangdut programs. The most successful dangdut contest, Kontes Dangdut Indonesia is a dangdut version that derived from RCTI's Indonesian Idol.

On February 12, 2002, TPI announced to broadcast Formula One (known as TPI Sport and Racing World) racing to replace RCTI as official F1 station due to financial problems.

In 2002, TPI broke record as the richest and largest television station after RCTI.

2003-2009: Awarded its shows and acquisition by MNC[link]

During the 1997 Indonesian Soap-Opera Award, its very honourable soap opera Mat Angin by Deddy Mizwar, which was aired by TPI, won 11 awards, plus the 5 awards again next year from the same series. Not forgetting also the most favorite events in Indonesia was Santapan Nusantara a culinary program hosted by Enita Sriyana, who is a culinary expert. In addition, it also awarded more for its first and oldest quiz show Kuis Dangdut (hosted by H. Jaja Miharja).

On March 6, 2001, Media Nusantara Citra, which also owns RCTI and Global TV, acquired 75% of the channel. Then in 2007, new employees are hired, such as Mayjen. TNI. (purn.) Sang Nyoman Suwisma, and Dandy Nugroho Rukmana.

2009-2010: Decline[link]

During its 2009-2010 season, due to technical reasons, TPI did not air its sport shows. On October 20, 2009, a controversial report stated that Communications expert from the University of Indonesia (UI) Ade Armando review decisions of the judges who is willing pull entertainment programs from TPI, since it should have educational programs instead. Armando said that it must be should the decision of the Commercial Court (PN) which granted the request of the Central Jakarta bankruptcy PT Global Crown Capital Limited (CCGL) on PT TPI reviewed further.^[2]

The handling cases involving the mass media can not be equated with the handling or other service companies. Because, not all people are able and capable of using it, so that the handling had to be excluded. "It looks very sloppy, not equal," he said. In this bankruptcy decision, according to Ade, a loss not only experienced by the company but also harmed the public.^[2]

Anticipating similar things, there must be a joint effort of several parties, such as the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI), the Association of Private Television, and other stakeholders. Especially against the decision issued unilaterally and awkward legal institutions.^[3]

Decisions of bankruptcy has also been supported from the Parliament in the legal process underway in the level of the Indonesian Supreme Court. Support was expressed Marzuki Alie when receiving the visit of Directors of TPI in the study of the DPR, Senayan, Jakarta, on November 25, 2009.^[4]

2010-present: re-launch TPI to MNCTV and the upcoming planning[link]

Since October 20, 2010, TPI officially changed its name to MNCTV. These changes occurred because of TPI was not in accordance with the written context that TPi is dedicated to education, and therefore the name changed from TPI to MNCTV, in order to change the image in the eyes of sthe public.^[5]

In 2011, MNCTV will bought copyrights and air rights of Akademi Fantasi Indosiar in Indosiar, Akademi Fantasia in Malaysia, and will be relaunched as VIVA AFIStar.

Logos[link]

in 1991,TPI used logos triangle with national colours and blue beam,the logos was used in 1998.In 1998,the TPI logos was used gold circle and blue earth ball and the word "Televisi Keluarga Indonesia",the logos has seen from Family Channel Logos, The Word TELEVISI and INDONESIA are used the gold circle,and word Keluarga are used near the blue earth ball. The logos were used until 2002. In 2002, from the tenth anniversary of TPI, the logos used three round ellipse line and Blue earth ball and Word TPI the logos was used until year 2006, in year 2006, the logos was used circle and five triangle near circle and word TPI,the logos was used until 2010.MNCTV Logo in 2010 style ident and promo by Lambie-Nairn

Sports programming[link]

Football programming[link]

Since 1994, TPI broadcasted Eredivisie and Campeonato Brasileiro Série A until 1998. In 2001, TPI broadcasts Premier League until taken over by TV7 (previously broadcast by SCTV since 1993-2001) and return broadcasting in 2010 and shared with Global TV. In 2002, TPI broadcasts Lega Calcio Serie A and Coppa Italia who previously broadcasted on RCTI until 2003. In 2008, TPI broadcasted UEFA Euro 2008.

Motorsport programming[link]

Since 2002 season, TPI broadcasts the FIA Formula One World Championship (known as TPI Sport and Racing World due to intro title naming reasons) programme after RCTI experienced F1 program after 11 years (except 1997-1998 seasons, F1 broadcasted on antv in 1997 season, in 1998, F1 did not broadcast in Indonesia due to 1997 Asian Financial Crisis) after an announcement on February 12, 2002 in TPI station that RCTI would not broadcast Formula One in 2002 due to financial problems and launch slogan "Official F1 Station". In 2005, TPI off the Formula One programme after 2004 season.

Transmitting Station/Transmission[link]

On 2 June 2012 MNC TV Transmitting Station/Transmission all Asia, Africa, and America

[edit]  Malaysia

• Kuala Lumpur
• Kota Kinabalu
• Putrajaya
• Johor Bahru
• Penang

[edit]  Singapore

• Singapore
• Bukit Timah
• Little India
• Chinatown
• Bukit Merah
• Bukit Batok
• Clementi
• Pasir Ris
• Kovan
• Joo Koon
• Tampines
• Geylang
• Sengkang
• Punggol
• Sengkang
• Serangoon
• Boon Lay
• Kallang
• Lavender
• Kebun Cina

[edit]  Thailand

• Bangkok

[edit]  Vietnam

• Hanoi
• Ho Chi Minh City

[edit]  Philippines

• Manila

[edit]  Cambodia

• Phnom Penh

[edit]  China

• Beijing
• Shanghai
• Wuhan
• Guangzhou
• Anhui
• Heilongjiang
• Fuzhou
• Fujian

[edit]  Hong Kong

• Hongkong

[edit]  Japan

• Tokyo
• Osaka
• Kyoto
• Nagoya

[edit]  Taiwan

• Taipei

[edit]  Korea

• Seoul
• Pyongyang
• Busan

[edit]  India

• New Delhi
• Agra

[edit]  Pakistan

• Islamabad
• Karachi
• Lahore
• Faisalabad
• Punjab

[edit]  Afghanistan

• Kabul

[edit]  Uzbekistan

• Tashkent
• Bukhara

[edit]  Turkmenistan

• Ashgabat

[edit]  Kazakhstan

• Alamaty
• Astana

[edit]  Tajikistan

• Dushanbe

[edit]  Iran

• Tehran
• Isfahan
• Mashhad
• Tabriz
• Bandar Abbas
• Kerman
• Amvand
• Qom

[edit]  Saudi Arabia

• Riyadh
• Makkah
• Madinah
• Jeddah
• Dammam

[edit]  United Arab Emirates

• Abu Dhabi
• Dubai
• Sharjah
• Fujairah
• Umm Al Qawain

[edit]  Oman

• Muscat
• Salalah

[edit]  Bahrain

• Manama

[edit]  Qatar

• Doha

[edit]  Kuwait

• Kuwait City

[edit]  Iraq

• Baghdad
• Karbala
• Erbil
• Samarra

[edit]  Syria

• Damascus
• Aleppo
• Homs
• Hama

[edit]  Palestine

• Yerussalem

[edit]  Israel

• Tel Aviv

[edit]  Jordan

• Amman

[edit]  Lebanon

• Beirut
• Tripoli

[edit]  Armenia

• Yerevan

[edit]  Azerbaijan

• Baku

[edit]  Turkey

• Ankara
• Istanbul
• Izmir
• Bursa
• Adana
• Edirne
• Konya
• Erzurum

[edit]  Egypt

• Cairo
• Alexandria
• Giza
• Port Said
• Aswan
• Rosetta

[edit]  Sudan

• Khartoum

[edit]  Libya

• Tripoli

[edit]  Algeria

• Algiers
• Oran
• Constantine

[edit]  Morocco

• Rabat
• Casablanca
• Marrakech
• Tangier

[edit]  Tunisia

• Tunisia

[edit]  Madagascar

• Antananarivo

[edit]  Angola

• Luanda

[edit]  Lesotho

• Maseru

[edit]  Uganda

• Kampala

[edit]  Nigeria

• Abuja

[edit]  Canada

• Ottawa
• Toronto

[edit]  United States

• Washington DC
• Seattle
• New York
• Los Angeles
• California
• San Francisco
• Las Vegas
• Colorado

[edit]  Mexico

• Mexico City

[edit]  Jamaica

• Kingston

[edit]  Cuba

• Havana

[edit]  Brazil

• Brasilia

[edit]  Chile

• Santiago

[edit]  Uruguay

• Montevideo

[edit]  Paraguay

• Asunción

[edit]  Peru

• Lima

See also[link]

• List of Indonesian language television channels

References[link]

External links[link]

• (Indonesian) Official Site

Gajah Mada
Prime Minister of the Majapahit Empire
Terracotta of Gajah Mada

Gajah Mada (translated as Elephant General) (circa 1290 – circa 1364) was, according to Javanese old manuscripts, poems and mythology, a powerful military leader and mahapatih or prime minister of the Majapahit Empire, credited with bringing the empire to its peak of glory. He delivered an oath called Sumpah Palapa, in which he vowed not to eat any food containing spices until he had conquered all of the Southeast Asian archipelago of Nusantara for Majapahit.^[1] In modern Indonesia, he serves as an important national hero^[2] and a symbol of patriotism.

[edit] Rise to Mahapatih

Not much is known about Gajah Mada's early life. Some of the first accounts mention his career as commander of the Bhayangkara, an elite guard for Majapahit kings and their family. When Rakrian Kuti, one of the officials in Majapahit, rebelled against the Majapahit king Jayanegara (ruled 1309–1328) in 1321, Gajah Mada and the then-mahapatih Arya Tadah helped the king and his family to escape the capital city of Trowulan. Later Gajah Mada aided the king to return to the capital and crush the rebellion. Seven years later, Jayanegara was murdered by Rakrian Tanca, the court physcian, one of Rakrian Kuti's aides.

In another version, according to the Nagarakretagama (a Javanese language epic poem dating from the 14th century), and supported by inscriptions dating from the late 13th and early 14th century, Jayanagara was assassinated by Gajah Mada in 1328. It is said^[who?] that Jayanagara was overprotective towards his two half sisters, born from Kertarajasa's youngest queen, Dyah Dewi Gayatri. Complaints by the two young princesses led to the intervention of Gajah Mada. His drastic solution was to arrange for a surgeon to murder the king while pretending to perform an operation.

Jayanegara was immediately succeeded by his sister Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi (ruled 1328–1350). It was under her leadership that Gajah Mada was appointed mahapatih in 1329, after the retirement of Arya Tadah.

As mahapatih under Thribuwana Tunggadewi Gajah Mada went on to crush another rebellion by Sadeng and Keta in 1331.

It was during Gajah Mada's reign as mahapatih, around the year 1345, that the famous Muslim traveller, Ibn Battuta visited Sumatera.

[edit] Sumpah Palapa

It is said that it was during his appointment as mahapatih under queen Tribhuwanatunggadewi that Gajah Mada took his famous oath, Sumpah Palapa. The telling of the oath is described in the Pararaton (Book of Kings), an account on Javanese history that dates from the 15th or 16th century:

“Sira Gajah Mada pepatih amungkubumi tan ayun amukita palapa, sira Gajah Mada : Lamun huwus kalah nusantara Ingsun amukti palapa, lamun kalah ring Gurun, ring Seram, Tanjungpura, ring Haru, ring Pahang, Dompo, ring Bali, Sunda, Palembang, Tumasik, samana ingsun amukti palapa “

"Gajah Mada, the prime minister, said he will not taste any spice. Said Gajah Mada : If Nusantara (Nusantara= Nusa antara= external territories) are lost, I will not taste "palapa" ("fruits and or spices"). I will not if the domain of Gurun, domain of Seram, domain of Tanjungpura, domain of Haru, Pahang, Dompo, domain of Bali, Sunda, Palembang, Tumasik, in which case I will never taste any spice."

While often interpreted literally to mean that Gajah Mada would not allow his food to be spiced (palapa is the prose combination of pala apa= any fruits/spices) the oath is sometimes interpreted to mean that Gajah Mada would abstain from all earthly pleasures (fruits and spices) until he conquered the entire known archipelago for Majapahit.

Even his closest friends were at first doubtful of his oath, but Gajah Mada kept pursuing his dream to unify Nusantara under the glory of Majapahit. Soon he conquered the surrounding territory of Bedahulu (Bali) and Lombok (1343). He then sent the navy westward to attack the remnants of the thallassocrathic kingdom of Sriwijaya in Palembang. There he installed Adityawarman, a Majapahit prince as vassal ruler^{[dubious – discuss]} of the Minangkabau in West Sumatra.

He then conquered the first Islamic sultanate in Southeast Asia, Samudra Pasai, and another state in Svarnadvipa (Sumatra). Gajah Mada also conquered Bintan, Tumasik (Singapore), Melayu (now known as Jambi), and Kalimantan.

At the resignation of the queen, Tribuwanatunggadewi, her son, Hayam Wuruk (ruled 1350–1389) became king. Gajah Mada retained his position as mahapatih under the new king and continued his military campaign by expanding eastward into Logajah, Gurun, Seram, Hutankadali, Sasak, Buton, Banggai, Kunir, Galiyan, Salayar, Sumba, Muar (Saparua), Solor, Bima, Wandan (Banda), Ambon, Timor, and Dompo.

He thus effectively brought the modern Indonesian archipelago under Majapahits's control, which spanned not only the territory of today's Indonesia, but also that of Tumasik (old name of Singapore), the states comprising modern-day Malaysia, Brunei and the southern Philippines.

[edit] The Bubat Incident

In 1357, the only remaining state refusing to acknowledge Majapahit's hegemony was Sunda, in West Java, bordering the Majapahit Empire. King Hayam Wuruk intended to marry Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi, a princess of Sunda and the daughter of Sunda's king. Gajah Mada was given the task to go to the Bubat square on northern part of Trowulan to welcome the princess as she arrived with her father and escort to Majapahit palace.

Gajah Mada took this opportunity to demand Sunda submission under Majapahit rule. While Sunda King thought that the royal marriage was a sign of a new alliance between Sunda and Majapahit, Gajah Mada thought otherwise. He stated that the Princess of Sunda is not to be hailed as the new queen consort of Majapahit, but merely as a concubine, as a sign of submission of Sunda to Majapahit. This misunderstanding led to embarrassment and hostility, which quickly rose into skirmish and full scale battle. The ensuing bloodshed saw the Sunda King with all of his guards and royal party were overwhelmed by Majapahit troops and later killed in the field of Bubat. Tradition mentioned that the heartbroken princess, Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi, committed suicide.

Hayam Wuruk was deeply shocked about the tragedy. Majapahit courtiers, ministers and nobles blamed Gajah Mada for his recklesness, and all this brutalities is not to the taste of Majapahit royal family. Gajah Mada was promptly demoted and spent the rest of his days in the estate of Madakaripura in Probolinggo in East Java.

Gajah Mada died in obscurity in 1364. King Hayam Wuruk considered that the power Gajah Mada had accumulated during his time as mahapatih was too much to handle for a single person. Therefore the king split the responsibilities that had been Gajah Mada's, between four separate new mahamantri (equal to ministries), thereby probably increasing his own power. King Hayam Wuruk, who is said to have been a wise leader, was able to maintain the hegemony of Majapahit in the region, gained during Gajah Mada's service. However Majapahit slowly fell into decline after the death of Hayam Wuruk.

Legacy[link]

Gajah Mada's legacy is important for Indonesian Nationalism, and invoked by Indonesian Nationalist movement in early 20th century. The Nationalists prior to the Japanese invasion, notably Sukarno, often cited Gajah Mada and his oath as an inspiration and a historical proof of Indonesian past greatness. That Indonesians could unite, despite vast territory and various cultures. Thus, Gajah Mada was a great inspiration during the Indonesian National Revolution for independence from Dutch colonization.

In 1942, only 230 Indonesian natives held a tertiary education. The Republicans sought to mend the Dutch apathy and established the first state university, which freely admitted native pribumi Indonesians Universitas Gadjah Mada, in Yogyakarta is named in honour of Gajah Mada and completed in 1945, and had the honour of the first Medicine Faculty freely open to natives.^[3][4][5] Indonesia's first telecommunication satellite was called Satelit Palapa signifying its role in uniting the country. Many cities in Indonesia but West Java have streets named after Gajah Mada. There is a brand of badminton shuttlecock named after him as well.

See also[link]

Indonesia portal

• Battle of Bubat
• Kidung Sunda
• Universitas Gadjah Mada

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• Gajah Mada article