October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 73 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events[link]

• 202 BC – Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage.
• 439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
• 1216 – King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.
• 1386 – The Universität Heidelberg held its first lecture, making it the oldest German university.
• 1466 – The Thirteen Years War ends with the Second Treaty of Thorn.
• 1469 – Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
• 1512 – Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
• 1649 – New Ross town, Co. Wexford, Ireland, surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
• 1781 – At Yorktown, Virginia, representatives of British commander Lord Cornwallis handed over Cornwallis' sword and formally surrendered to George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau.
• 1789 – Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: Austrian General Mack surrenders his army to the Grand Army of Napoleon at the Battle of Ulm. 30,000 prisoners are captured and 10,000 casualties inflicted on the losers.
• 1812 – Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
• 1813 – The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
• 1822 – In Parnaíba; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of Piauí.
• 1864 – Battle of Cedar Creek – Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys a Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
• 1864 – St. Albans Raid – Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
• 1866 – Venice - Annexion of Veneto and Mantua to Italy - At Hotel Europa, Austria hands over Veneto to France, which hands it immediately over to Italy.
• 1900 – Max Planck, in his house at Grunewald, on the outskirts of Berlin, discovers the law of black body emission (Planck's law).
• 1904 – Polytechnic University of the Philippines founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the American C.A. O'Reilley.
• 1912 – Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1914 – The First Battle of Ypres begins.
• 1917 – The Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
• 1921 – Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup.
• 1933 – Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
• 1935 – The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.
• 1943 – Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
• 1944 – United States forces land in the Philippines.
• 1950 – The People's Liberation Army takes control of the town of Qamdo; this is sometimes called the "Invasion of Tibet".
• 1950 – The People's Republic of China joins the Korean War by sending thousands of troops across the Yalu river to fight United Nations forces.
• 1950 – Iran becomes the first country to accept technical assistance from the United States under the Point Four Program.
• 1954 – First ascent of Cho Oyu.
• 1956 – The Soviet Union and Japan sign a Joint Declaration, officially ending the state of war between the two countries that had existed since August 1945.
• 1959 – The first discothèque opens, the Scotch-Club in Aachen, Germany.
• 1969 – The first Prime Minister of Tunisia in twelve years, Bahi Ladgham, is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba.
• 1973 – President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court decision that he turn over the Watergate tapes.
• 1974 – Niue becomes a self-governing colony of New Zealand.
• 1976 – Battle of Aishiya in Lebanon.
• 1986 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others die when their Tupolev 134 plane crashes into the Lebombo Mountains.
• 1987 – In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
• 1987 – Black Monday - the Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points.
• 1989 – The convictions of the Guildford Four are quashed by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, after they had spent 15 years in prison.
• 2001 – SIEV-X, an Indonesian fishing boat en-route to Christmas Island, carrying over 400 asylum seekers, sinks in international waters with the loss of 353 people.
• 2003 – Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
• 2004 – Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the State Peace and Development Council on charges of corruption.
• 2004 – Care International aid worker Margaret Hassan is kidnapped in Iraq.
• 2005 – Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
• 2005 – Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
• 2007 – Philippines: A bomb explosion rocked Glorietta 2, a shopping mall in Makati. The blast killed 11 and injured more than 100 people.

Births[link]

• 1276 – Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d. 1328)
• 1433 – Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)
• 1562 – George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
• 1582 – Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Tsarevich (d. 1591)
• 1605 – Thomas Browne, English writer (d. 1682)
• 1610 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d. 1688)
• 1658 – Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704)
• 1680 – John Abernethy, Irish Protestant minister (d. 1740)
• 1688 – William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752)
• 1718 – Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804)
• 1720 – John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d. 1772)
• 1721 – Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (d. 1800)
• 1784 – James Henry Leigh Hunt, English Romantic critic, essayist, and poet (d. 1859)
• 1784 – John McLoughlin, Canadian fur trader (d. 1857)
• 1789 – Theophilos Kairis, Greek priest and revolutionary (d. 1853)
• 1810 – Cassius Clay, American abolitionist (d. 1903)
• 1814 – Theodoros Vryzakis, Greek painter (d. 1878)
• 1826 – Ralph Tollemache, British clergyman (d. 1895)
• 1850 – Annie Smith Peck, American mountaineer (d. 1935)
• 1851 – Empress Myeongseong, Empress of Korea (d. 1895)
• 1858 – George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937)
• 1862 – Auguste Lumière, French inventor (d. 1954)
• 1868 – Bertha Landes, American politician (d. 1943)
• 1873 – Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925)
• 1873 – John Barton King, American cricketer (d. 1965)
• 1876 – Mordecai Brown, American baseball player (d. 1945)
• 1882 – Umberto Boccioni, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1916)
• 1885 – Charles Merrill, American investment banker (d. 1956)
• 1895 – Frank Durbin, last American veteran of the Battle of Verdun (d. 1999)
• 1895 – Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
• 1896 – Bob O'Farrell, American baseball player (d. 1988)
• 1897 – Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Pakistani scientist and scholar (d. 1994)
• 1899 – Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
• 1900 – Erna Berger, German soprano (d. 1990)
• 1900 – Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)
• 1900 – Roy Worters, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d. 1957)
• 1901 – Arleigh Burke, American admiral (d. 1996)
• 1903 – Tor Johnson, Swedish wrestler and actor (d. 1971)
• 1907 – Roger Wolfe Kahn, American bandleader (d. 1962)
• 1908 – Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981)
• 1909 – Marguerite Perey, French physicist (d. 1975)
• 1910 – Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• 1910 – Shunkichi Hamada, Japanese field hockey player (d. 2009)
• 1910 – Paul Robert, French lexicographer and publisher (d. 1980)
• 1913 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)
• 1915 – Farid al-Atrash, Syrian composer, musician, and actor (d. 1974)
• 1916 – Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2009)
• 1916 – Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1985)
• 1917 – Walter Munk, Austrian-born American oceanographer
• 1918 – Charles Evans, British mountaineer (d. 1995)
• 1918 – Russel Kirk, American author and political theorist (d. 1994)
• 1920 – Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher (d. 2003)
• 1920 – Harry Alan Towers, English film producer and screenwriter (d. 2009)
• 1922 – Jack Anderson, American journalist (d. 2005)
• 1925 – Emilio Eduardo Massera, Argentine naval officer and National Reorganization Process figure (d. 2010)
• 1926 – Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and songwriter (d. 2009)
• 1926 – Joel Feinberg, American philosopher (d. 2004)
• 1927 – Pierre Alechinsky, Belgian painter
• 1928 – Lou Scheimer, American animation producer
• 1931 – John le Carré, English novelist
• 1932 – Robert Reed, American actor (d. 1992)
• 1936 – James Bevel, American activist (d. 2008)
• 1936 – Tony Lo Bianco, American actor
• 1937 – Marilyn Bell, Canadian swimmer
• 1937 – Peter Max, American artist
• 1940 – Michael Gambon, Irish-born British actor
• 1940 – Rosny Smarth, Prime Minister of Haiti
• 1941 – Simon Ward, British actor
• 1942 – Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney
• 1943 – Robin Holloway, British composer
• 1943 – Takis Ikonomopoulos, Greek footballer
• 1944 – George McCrae, American soul singer
• 1944 – Peter Tosh, Jamaican reggae singer (The Wailers) (d. 1987)
• 1945 – Gloria Jones, American Soul singer
• 1945 – Divine, American actor (d. 1988)
• 1945 – Patricia Ireland, American attorney and feminist
• 1945 – John Lithgow, American actor
• 1945 – Jeannie C. Riley American country and gospel singer
• 1945 – Martin Welz, South African journalist and editor
• 1946 – Philip Pullman, English writer
• 1947 – Giorgio Cavazzano, Italian comic strip artist
• 1948 – Dave Mallow, American voice actor
• 1948 – Patrick Simmons, American musician
• 1949 – Lynn Dickey, American football player
• 1949 – Jamie McGrigor, British politician
• 1951 – Demetrios Christodoulou, Greek physicist, recipient of the Bôcher Memorial Prize
• 1952 – Verónica Castro, Mexican actress and singer
• 1953 – Lionel Hollins, American basketball player and coach
• 1954 – Sam Allardyce, English football manager
• 1954 – Deborah Blum, American writer
• 1954 – Joe Bryant, American basketball player
• 1955 – Melpo Kosti, Greek actress
• 1956 – Grover Norquist, American political figure
• 1956 – Didier Theys, Belgian racing driver
• 1956 – Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 1993)
• 1956 – Bruce Weber, American basketball coach
• 1957 – Dorinda Clark-Cole, American gospel singer
• 1957 – Doug Kirby, American author and travel guide
• 1957 – Ray Richmond, American columnist and critic
• 1957 – Karl Wallinger, Welsh musician
• 1958 – Lou Briel, Puerto Rican singer and actor
• 1958 – Tiriel Mora, Australian actor
• 1958 – Michael Steele, American political figure
• 1959 – Nir Barkat, Israeli politician
• 1960 – Jennifer Holliday, American singer and actress
• 1961 – Sunny Deol, Indian actor
• 1962 – Tracy Chevalier, American author
• 1962 – Evander Holyfield, American boxer
• 1963 – Prince Laurent of Belgium
• 1964 – Jorge Luis Gonzales, Cuban-born American boxer
• 1965 – Brad Daugherty, American basketball player
• 1965 – Ty Pennington, American television personality
• 1966 – Roger R. Cross, Jamaican-born actor
• 1966 – Jon Favreau, American actor, writer and director
• 1966 – Dimitris Lyacos, Greek poet and playwright
• 1966 – Sinitta, American singer
• 1967 – Amy Carter, daughter of US President Jimmy Carter
• 1967 – Davina McCall, English television presenter
• 1967 – Yoko Shimomura, Japanese composer
• 1968 – Rodney Carrington, American actor and comedian
• 1969 – John Edward, American TV Psychic
• 1969 – Trey Parker, American cartoonist and actor
• 1969 – DJ Sammy, Spanish DJ
• 1969 – Erwin Sánchez, Bolivian footballer
• 1970 – Chris Kattan, American comedian and actor
• 1972 – Keith Foulke, American baseball pitcher
• 1972 – Pras, American musician
• 1973 – Hicham Arazi, Moroccan tennis player
• 1973 – Marc Beckers, German footballer
• 1973 – Joaquin Gage, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 – Joy Bryant, American actress
• 1976 – Omar Gooding, American actor
• 1976 – Desmond Harrington, American actor
• 1976 – Dan Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 – Michael Young, baseball player
• 1977 – Louis-José Houde, Canadian stand-up comic
• 1977 – Jason Reitman, Canadian filmmaker
• 1977 – Raúl Tamudo, Spanish footballer
• 1977 – Habib Beye, Senegalese footballer
• 1978 – Enrique Bernoldi, Brazilian race car driver
• 1978 – Zakhar Dubenskiy, Russian footballer
• 1978 – James Roberts, British Ice Hockey Player
• 1978 – Henri Sorvali, Finnish musician
• 1979 – Marc Elliott, British actor
• 1979 – José Luis López, Mexican footballer
• 1979 – Brian Robertson, American trombonist (Suburban Legends)
• 1980 – José Bautista, Dominican baseball player
• 1980 – Rajai Davis, American baseball player
• 1980 – Benjamin Salisbury, American actor
• 1981 – Christian Bautista, Philippine singer
• 1981 – Heikki Kovalainen, Finnish race car driver
• 1982 – Louis Oosthuizen, South African golfer
• 1982 – Daan van Bunge, Dutch cricketer
• 1982 – Gonzalo Pineda, Mexican footballer
• 1983 – Cara Santa Maria, American science correspondent for The Huffington Post
• 1984 – Kaio de Almeida, Brazilian swimmer
• 1985 – Terry Etim, English mixed martial artist
• 1989 – Miroslav Stoch, Slovakian footballer
• 1990 – Janet Leon, Swedish singer and dancer (Play)
• 1991 – Colton Dixon American idol contestant
• 1993 – Abby Sunderland, American sailor
• 1994 – Agne Sereikaite, Lithuanian speed skater

Deaths[link]

• 727 – Saint Frideswide
• 1187 – Pope Urban III
• 1216 – King John of England (b. 1167)
• 1432 – John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1392)
• 1587 – Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
• 1608 – Martin Delrio, Flemish theologian and occultist (b. 1551)
• 1636 – Marcin Kazanowski, Polish politician
• 1682 – Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)
• 1723 – Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b. 1646)
• 1745 – Jonathan Swift, Irish author (b. 1667)
• 1790 – Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724)
• 1796 – Michel de Beaupuy, French general of the Revolution (b. 1755)
• 1813 – Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763)
• 1815 – Paolo Mascagni, Anatomist (b. 1755)
• 1842 – Aleksey Koltsov, Russian poet (b. 1808)
• 1851 – Princess Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte (b. 1778)
• 1856 – William Sprague III, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1799)
• 1889 – King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838)
• 1893 – Lucy Stone, American suffragist and women's rights activist (b. 1818)
• 1897 – George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831)
• 1901 – Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829)
• 1916 – Ioannis Frangoudis, Greek Army officer and Olympic medalist (b. 1863)
• 1918 – Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)
• 1936 – Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b. 1881)
• 1937 – Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1871)
• 1943 – Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864)
• 1945 – Plutarco Elías Calles, President of Mexico (b. 1877)
• 1950 – Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892)
• 1956 – Isham Jones, American musician (b. 1894)
• 1960 – George Wallace, Australian vaudevillian and film comedian (b. 1895)
• 1964 – Nettie Palmer, Australian poet and essayist (b. 1885)
• 1970 – Lázaro Cárdenas, President of Mexico (b. 1895)
• 1978 – Gig Young, American actor (b. 1913)
• 1983 – Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944)
• 1984 – Jerzy Popiełuszko, Polish priest, associated with the Solidarity union, murdered by the agents of internal intelligence agency (b. 1947)
• 1985 – Alfred Rouleau, French Canadian businessman (b. 1915)
• 1986 – Dele Giwa, Nigerian journalist
• 1986 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (b. 1933)
• 1987 – Jacqueline du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
• 1987 – Hermann Lang, German race car driver (b. 1909)
• 1988 – Son House, American musician (b. 1902)
• 1994 – Martha Raye, American comedian and actress (b. 1916)
• 1995 – Don Cherry, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1936)
• 1997 – Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947)
• 1999 – Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born French writer (b. 1900)
• 1999 – James C. Murray, American politician (b. 1917)
• 2000 – Hortense Ellis, Jamaican reggae singer (b. 1941)
• 2003 – Alija Izetbegović, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Margaret Murie, American conservationist (b. 1902)
• 2003 – Road Warrior Hawk, American professional wrestler (b. 1960)
• 2005 – Dallas Cook, American musician (Suburban Legends) (b. 1982)
• 2005 – Corinne Lévesque, wife of Quebec premier René Lévesque (b. 1943)
• 2006 – James Glennon, American cinematographer (b. 1942)
• 2007 – Randall Forsberg, American nuclear freeze advocate (b. 1943)
• 2007 – Michael Maidens, English footballer with Hartlepool United (b. 1987)
• 2007 – Jan Wolkers, Dutch writer (b. 1925)
• 2008 – Mr. Blackwell, American fashion critic (b. 1922)
• 2008 – Rudy Ray Moore, American comedian and actor (Dolemite) (b. 1937)
• 2009 – Howard Unruh, American spree killer (b. 1921)
• 2009 – Joseph Wiseman, Canadian actor (b. 1918)
• 2010 – Tom Bosley, American actor (b. 1927)

Holidays and observances[link]

• Armilustrium (Roman Empire)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Aaron (Coptic Church)
  • Frideswide
  • Isaac Jogues, Jean de Brébeuf, and Companions
  • October 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Constitution Day, in honor of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974. (Niue)
• Mother Teresa Day (Albania)

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: October 19

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (December 2011)

Gerald Celente (born November 29, 1946) is an American trend forecaster,^[1][2] publisher of the Trends Journal, business consultant^[3] and author who makes predictions about the global financial markets and other events of historical importance. Celente has described himself as a "political atheist" and "citizen of the world".^[4] He has appeared as a guest on television news shows such as The Oprah Winfrey Show, The Today Show, Good Morning America, CBS Morning News, The Glenn Beck Show, NBC Nightly News, The Alex Jones Show and Russia Today.^[5][6][7]

Background[link]

Celente was born in The Bronx, New York City, New York. He had early political experience running a mayoral campaign in Yonkers, New York and served as executive assistant to the secretary of the New York State Senate, which Celente called the worst job he ever had.^[8] From 1973 to 1979 Celente traveled between Chicago and Washington D.C. as a government affairs specialist.^[8] In 1980 Celente founded The Trends Research Institute (at first called the Socio-Economic Research Institute of America), now located in Kingston, New York, publisher of the Trends Journal which forecasts and analyzes business, socioeconomic, political, and other trends.^[9]

Forecasting[link]

His forecasts since 1993 ^[10] have included predictions about terrorism, economic collapses and war. More recent forecasts involve fascism in the United States, food riots and tax revolts.^{[3][11][12][13][14][15]} Celente has long predicted global anti-Americanism, a failing economy and immigration woes in the U.S.^[11] In December 2007 Celente wrote, "Failing banks, busted brokerages, toppled corporate giants, bankrupt cities, states in default, foreign creditors cashing out of US securities ... whatever the spark, the stage is set for panic in the streets" and "Just as the Twin Towers collapsed from the top down, so too will the U.S. economy ... when the giant firms fall, they’ll crush the man on the street." He has also predicted tax revolts.^[16][17] In November 2008 Celente appeared on Fox Business Network and predicted economic depression, tax rebellions and food riots in the United States by 2012.^[18] Celente also predicted an "economic 9/11" and a "panic of 2008."^[19]

In 2009 Celente predicted turmoil which he described as "Obamageddon" and he was a popular guest on conservative cable-TV shows such as Fox News Sunday and Glenn Beck's television program.^[6] In April 2009 Celente wrote, "Wall Street controls our financial lives; the media manipulates our minds. These systems cannot be changed from within. There is no alternative. Without a revolution, these institutions will bankrupt the country, keep fighting failed wars, start new ones, and hold us in perpetual intellectual subjugation."^[20] He appeared on the Glenn Beck show and criticized the U.S. stimulus plan of 2009, calling government controlled capitalism "fascism" and saying shopping malls in the U.S. would become "ghost malls."^[21] Celente has said, "smaller communities, the smaller groups, the smaller states, the more self-sustaining communities, will 'weather the crisis in style' as big cities and hypertrophic suburbias descend into misery and conflict," and forecasts "a downsizing of America."^[14]