Look up conference in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

A conference is a meeting of people who "confer" about a topic.

• Academic conference, in science and academia, a formal event where researchers present results, workshops, and other activities.
• Business conference, organized to discuss business-related matters
• Conference call, in telecommunications, a "multi-party call"
• Conference hall, room where conferences are held
• News conference, an announcement to the press (print, radio, television) with the expectation of questions, about the announced matter, following.
• Parent-teacher conference, a meeting with a child's teacher to discuss grades and school performance.
• Peace conference, a diplomatic meeting to end conflict.
• Settlement conference, a meeting between the plaintiff and the respondent in lawsuit, wherein they try to settle their dispute without proceeding to trial
• Trade conference, or trade fair, organized like a business conference but with wider participation and providing the opportunity for business people and the general public alike to network and learn more about topics of interest through workshops, viewing whitepaper presentations, and meeting vendors of similar or related services.
• Unconference

'''Conference''' may also refer to:

Sports[link]

• American Football Conference and National Football Conference, two halves of NFL, a professional American football league
• Athletic conference, a competitive grouping of teams, often geographical
• Football Conference, an English football league
• The distinct competitions, currently three, within each season of the Philippine Basketball Association

Other uses[link]

• One European pear cultivar is named 'Conference'

See also[link]

• American Conference (disambiguation)
• Convention (disambiguation)
• General assembly (disambiguation)
• List of World War II conferences
• National Conference
• Summit (meeting)
• Symposium

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Zab Judah
Statistics
Real name	Zabdiel Judah
Nickname(s)	Super
Rated at	Light Welterweight Welterweight Light Middleweight
Height	5 feet 7+1⁄2 inches (1.715 m)
Reach	72 in (183 cm)
Nationality	American
Born	(1977-10-27) October 27, 1977 (age 34) Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States
Stance	Southpaw
Boxing record
Total fights	51
Wins	42
Wins by KO	29
Losses	7
Draws	0
No contests	2

Zabdiel "Zab" Judah (born October 27, 1977) is an American professional boxer. Judah has won five world titles between the light welterweight and welterweight divisions and is a former Undisputed World Welterweight Champion.

Amateur career[link]

Judah began boxing at the age of six and compiled an amateur record of 110–5. He was a two-time US national champion and three-time New York Golden Gloves Champion. He also won the 1996 PAL National Championship. Judah attempted to earn a spot on the 1996 US Olympic boxing team. After defeating Ishe Smith and Hector Camacho, Jr., Judah lost to David Díaz in the finals, preventing Judah from qualifying for the Olympic boxing team.^[1]

Professional career[link]

Light Welterweight[link]

Judah made his professional debut as an 18 year old on September 20, 1996, in Miami, Florida and defeated Michael Johnson by technical knockout in the second round. After winning bouts over George Crain and Omar Vasquez in May and June 1997 respectively, Judah closed the year with first-round knockouts over Cesar Castro, James Salava and Ricardo Vasquez. Judah began 1998 by knocking out Steve Valdez in the first round in January. Valdez, who had never been stopped in his career, went down four times in the fight. In March, Judah and his opponent, Esteban Flores, accidentally clashed heads in the second round, causing a cut to open above Flores' eye and the bout was stopped in round three as Flores could not continue because of the cut. The bout went into the books as a technical draw, but the result was changed to a no contest in May 1998. On April 14, 1998, Judah battered two-time Dominican Republic champion Angel Beltre, stopping him in the second round.^[1]

The victory earned Judah a bout against Micky Ward for the vacant USBA Light Welterweight title. Judah defeated Ward by unanimous decision to win the title. Judah successfully defended the USBA title by stopping Darryl Tyson in the eleventh round on October 15, 1998. Tyson was knocked down three times before the fight was stopped.

IBF Champion[link]

Judah captured the Interim IBF Light Welterweight title with a fourth-round knockout over Wilfredo Negron in January 1999.^[1] On February 12, 2000, at the Mohegan Sun in Uncasville, Connecticut, Judah fought Jan Piet Bergman for the vacant IBF Light Welterweight title. Judah knocked Bergman down twice in the first round, but Bergman sent Judah down to the canvas in the second round. Judah knocked out Bergman in the fourth round to win the title.^[2] On June 20, 2000, Judah made his first title defense against Junior Witter in Glasgow, Scotland. It was an awkward fight for Judah, as Witter rarely engaged in an extended exchange of punches. Witter frequently switched between fighting right-handed and left-handed, making him an elusive opponent. By the middle rounds, however, Judah's consistent body punching slowed Witter down, and in the fifth round, Judah caught Witter with a straight left hand that hurt Witter and sent his mouthpiece skittering across the ring. Judah defeated Witter by unanimous decision.^[3]

Two months later, on August 5, 2000, at the Mohegan Sun in Connecticut, Judah defeated former IBF Light Welterweight Champion Terron Millett by fourth round knockout. Judah was knocked down in the first round from a left hand. Judah rose quickly, and from that point on he dominated the fight. Judah hurt Millett with two combinations near the end of the first round. In round two, Judah sent Millett down with a right hand to the chin. Millett survived the round, but he was clearly hurt. In round four, Judah charged across the ring and inflicted a series of blows on Millett, dropping him to the canvas for the second knockdown in the fight. Millett got up, but Judah continued his assault and knocked Millett down again. Millett rose at the count of four, but his legs were unsteady and the referee decided to stop the bout.^[4]

In his third title defense, Judah stopped Hector Quiroz in the eighth round on October 20, 2000, at The Palace of Auburn Hills in Auburn Hills, Michigan. Judah battered and bloodied Quiroz until the referee followed the advice of the ringside doctor and stopped the one-sided bout.^[1] On January 13, 2001, Judah defeated Reggie Green by tenth round technical knockout at the Mohegan Sun in Connecticut. Judah had trouble landing punches effectively against Green for the majority of the fight, but in round ten, he knocked Green down with a left hook. Green beat the count, but Judah then ran across the ring and sent Green down to the canvas with a right hand, forcing the referee to stop the fight.^[5] On June 23, 2001, Judah defeated Allan Vester by third round knockout in his fifth successful defense of the IBF title. In round two, Judah put Vester down to the canvas twice. In the third round, Judah knocked out Vester with a left hand that connected on Vester's temple. Vester went down on his knees and nearly lost his mouthpiece. The referee stopped the fight right before the closing bell. The fight would set up a unification match between Judah and WBC and WBA Light Welterweight Champion Kostya Tszyu, who defeated Oktay Urkal on the undercard.^[6]

Unification Match with Tszyu[link]

The much anticipated matchup between Judah and Tsyzu took place on November 3, 2001, at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada for the Undisputed Light Welterweight Championship. Judah entered the fight as a 3-to-1 favorite to win and he won the first round by utilizing his superior quickness to land several punches on Tsyzu.^[7][8] With 10 seconds left to go in round two, Tszyu landed a right hand clean on Judah's chin and he backed away from Tszyu with his hands down. Tszyu went after Judah, throwing another right hand that landed on his chin and sent Judah crashing to the canvas. Judah jumped up instinctively and tried to signal that he was fine to referee Jay Nady, but was still dazed by the punch and fell down a second time. When Judah collapsed, Nady waved the fight over, resulting in a technical knockout victory for Tsyzu and Judah's first professional loss.^[7]

While Tszyu celebrated in his corner, Judah was in disbelief of what just happened and became infuriated.^[8] Judah picked up his stool and hurled it towards center ring. While being restrained by his father and trainer, Yoel Judah, he broke loose and walked up to Nady and stuck his gloved fist into his neck and had to be pulled off by cornermen. A few minutes later, Jimmy Lennon, Jr. announced the official decision and Judah screamed out in agony and again had to be restrained by a growing number of security guards and cornermen.^[7] Judah was fined $75,000 and suspended for six months by the Nevada State Athletic Commission.^[9]

After defeating Omar Weis by unanimous decision in July 2002, Judah challenged DeMarcus Corley for the WBO Light Welterweight title on July 12, 2003, at the Orleans Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. Judah knocked Corley down with a left hand in the third round en route to defeating Corley by split decision. Judah broke his left hand during the fight. In his first and only defense of the WBO title, Judah knocked out Jaime Rangel in the first round on December 13, 2003.^[1]

Welterweight[link]

Cory Spinks[link]

On April 10, 2004, at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Judah fought Cory Spinks for the Undisputed Welterweight Championship. Judah had trouble at the start figuring out how to fight Spinks, the taller fighter. He could not move forward to get inside, but was having success moving laterally. Spinks scored a knockdown in the eleventh round, but Judah came back and put Spinks down to the canvas in the final round. In the end, Spinks defeated Judah by unanimous decision with scores of 114–112 twice and 116–111.^[10]

For the rest of 2004, Judah defeated Rafael Pineda by split decision and Wayne Martell by first round technical knockout. On February 5, 2005, Judah would get a rematch with Spinks at the Savvis Center in St. Louis, Missouri, Spinks' hometown. The fight was the first major bout in St. Louis in more than 40 years, and it was a sellout. Judah was the aggressor throughout the fight. He knocked Spinks down to his knees at the bell in the seventh round, but it was not ruled a knockdown. Spinks had a strong start to the ninth round and connected with a left hand, then followed with a right hand and a combination, but Judah scored a knockdown moments later. Judah pressed the attack after the first knockdown and avoided Spinks' desperate efforts to tie him up. After Spinks was knocked down for the second time, the referee stopped the fight, and Judah became the new Undisputed Welterweight Champion.^[11]

Undisputed Welterweight Champion[link]

In his first fight as undisputed welterweight champion, he fought Cosme Rivera on May 14, 2005, at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas. Judah sent Rivera down with a straight left hand to the face less than 30 seconds into the bout. Rivera beat the count, but was knocked down again about 10 seconds later. Judah hit Rivera hard several times in the second round, and in the third round, he connected with a left uppercut, that caused Rivera to stagger backwards and fall into the ropes before hitting the canvas. Rivera rose at the count of five, but he was badly hurt and the referee stopped the fight.^[12]

His next fight took place on January 7, 2006 at Madison Square Garden in New York City against Carlos Baldomir. For Judah, the fight was viewed as a tuneup bout that would lead to a lucrative bout between Judah and WBC Light Welterweight Champion Floyd Mayweather, Jr., which was tentatively scheduled for April.^[13] Judah entered the fight as a 10-to-1 favorite over Baldomir.^[14] The stage was set when Judah unsportingly punched Baldomir on the thigh during the prefight introductions instead of touching gloves to show sportsmanship. The early rounds of the fight were close, but as the rounds passed, Judah was doing less than necessary to win, while Baldomir kept applying pressure on Judah.^[15] In round seven, Judah was hurt by a right hand and Baldomir landed a series of right hands to Judah's head along the ropes during the tenth round. Baldomir defeated Judah by unanimous decision with scores of 115–113, 114–113 and 115–112 from the three judges.^[16] The Ring named Baldomir's victory over Judah the upset of the year for 2006. Judah's IBF and WBA belts were not on the line, because Baldomir did not pay sanctioning fees to the IBF and WBA.^[13] Baldomir did win The Ring and WBC titles, while the WBA (Super) title was vacated after Judah's loss (WBA (Regular) titleholder Luis Collazo became the sole WBA Champion), but the IBF still recognized him as their champion.^[17]

Judah vs. Mayweather[link]

With the loss to Baldomir, it appeared that Judah's much anticipated bout with Mayweather was off, but Judah's promoter Don King and Mayweather's promoter Bob Arum reworked the deals so the fight would go on. Mayweather was scheduled to earn a minimum $6 million while Judah was to earn $3 million plus a percentage of the profits, but because of Judah's loss, Mayweather earned a minimum $5 million while Judah was guaranteed $1 million plus a percentage of profits above $7 million.^[18] The fight took place on April 8, 2006, at the Thomas and Mack Center in Las Vegas.

Judah started strongly and put up a valiant fight, at times matching Mayweather's speed and punching precision.^[19] It appeared that Judah scored a knockdown in the second round when Mayweather's glove touched the canvas; however, referee Richard Steele ruled it a slip.^[20] In round four, Judah landed a right hand to the head that caused Mayweather to retreat to the ropes and cover up. The momentum changed in the fifth round, when Mayweather hurt Judah with a combination to the face. Then Mayweather landed a right hand on the bridge of Judah's nose, and blood began to flow. The seventh round was the most dominant for Mayweather to that point. Once again, he drew blood from Judah's nose. A combination from Mayweather backed Judah into a corner, and Judah's foot movement was considerably slower than it had been earlier in the fight.^[21]

With about 10 seconds left in the tenth round, Judah hit Mayweather with a low blow and followed it with a right hand to the back of Mayweather’s head. As Mayweather hopped around the ring in pain, Steele called time to give Mayweather a rest period. Mayweather’s uncle and trainer, Roger Mayweather, climbed into the ring and approached Judah.^[20] Yoel Judah entered the ring and threw a punch at Roger. At that point, members of both fighters' camps entered the ring and an all-out melee ensued. More than a dozen security officers and police officers rushed into the ring and managed to control the situation.^[21] After the ring was cleared, Roger Mayweather was ejected from the fight. Mayweather cruised through the last two rounds on his way to a unanimous decision victory by scores of 116–112, 117–113 and 119–109.^[20]

After the fight, the purses for both fighters were withheld until video of the fight could be reviewed. Don King argued that Mayweather should have been disqualified because his uncle was the first person to enter the ring.^[21] At an April 13 hearing, the Nevada State Athletic Commission fined Roger Mayweather $200,000 and revoked his boxing license for one year. At a hearing on May 8, the Commission disciplined the other offenders in the melee. It fined Yoel Judah $100,000 and revoked his license for one year, fined Mayweather cornerman Leonard Ellerbe $50,000 and suspended his license for four months, and fined Zab Judah $350,000 and revoked his license for one year.^[22]

Return from Suspension[link]

On April 13, 2007, Judah made his return to the ring against Ruben Galvan at the Fitzgeralds Casino & Hotel in Tunica, Mississippi. Judah came out strongly in the first round, landing numerous shots on Galvan. During the round, a bad cut opened near the top of Galvan's head. The referee called for a timeout to allow the doctor to take a look at the cut. Due to the severity of the cut, the fight was waved off. The cut was ruled to be caused by an accidental foul with an elbow and since the fight did not go past four rounds, the fight was ruled a no contest.^[23]

Judah vs. Cotto[link]

On June 9, 2007, Judah took on WBA Welterweight Champion Miguel Cotto in New York City before a soldout crowd at Madison Square Garden.^[24] In the first round, Cotto landed a low blow that put Judah to the canvas. Referee Arthur Mercante, Jr. offered a stern warning to Cotto. In the third round, Judah took yet another low blow from Cotto, which resulted in Cotto receiving a point deduction.^[25] Cotto and Judah delivered an all-action brawl, but after weathering some difficult early rounds as he figured out Judah's southpaw style and adjusted to his speed, Cotto took over the bout. In round seven, both fighters went toe-to-toe and in round eight he hurt Judah several times. In round nine, Judah took a knee to gain a breather from Cotto's aggressive style. By the tenth round, Judah was bleeding from a cut over his right eye and was hurt by an uppercut from Cotto that sent him retreating to the ropes, but Judah stayed upright. Early in the eleventh round, Cotto landed a combination that dropped Judah to the canvas. He managed to get to his feet, but Cotto went after Judah with a relentless attack, turning him sideways along the ropes as he continued to throw punches. That forced the referee to stop the fight.^[24]

Judah, who trailed 97–91 on all three scorecards, claimed he had been weakened by the two low blows early in the fight. He said, "The first low blow was very hard. The second one took a lot out of me. The low blows affected me from the time they hit me." Cotto earned $2.5 million plus a piece of the pay-per-view profits, while Judah earned $1 million plus a percentage of the profits.^[24]

Judah fought Edwin Vazquez at the Hard Rock resort in Biloxi, Mississippi on September 7, 2007. Despite suffering a cut over his left eye, Judah defeated the overmatched Vazquez by unanimous decision. Judah hurt Vazquez several times over the course of the contest, but he injured his left hand midway through the fight and was unable to finish off Vasquez.^[26] On November 17, 2007, in Providenciales, Judah defeated Ryan Davis by unanimous decision. Judah was scheduled to fight Shane Mosley on May 31, 2008, at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, but it was postponed after Judah needed 50 stitches in his right arm after slipping in his bathroom and smashing it through a glass shower door.^[27]

Judah vs. Clottey[link]

On August 2, 2008, Judah lost to Joshua Clottey by technical decision in a fight for the vacant IBF Welterweight title at the Palms Casino Resort in Las Vegas.^[28] Judah began the busier fighter, showing quick hands and throwing effective combinations behind a jab. Clottey began steadily closing the distance between himself and his opponent from the third round, landing an increasing number of punches that took their toll on Judah.^[29] In round four, Clottey landed an uppercut that caused Judah to lose his balance, and by the end of the round, Judah had blood running down his nose.^[30] Judah staged a comeback in the sixth round as he landed a flurry of punches,^[29] but in the middle of the seventh round, Clottey landed a right hand that hurt Judah and caused him to back into a corner.^[31] In round nine, Judah suffered a cut over his right eye and the fight was stopped after he said he could not see. The referee had ruled the cut was caused by an accidental clash of heads and so the fight went to the scorecards. Two judges scored the fight 86–85 and the other judge scored it 87–84, all in favor of Clottey.^[29]

Comeback Trail[link]

After the loss to Clottey, Judah fought Ernest Johnson on November 8, 2008, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Judah dominated the bout early,^[32] but in round three, Judah suffered two cuts from accidental head butts.^[33] Finding success with lead right hands and short left hands.^[32] Judah won the bout by unanimous decision with scores of 99–91, 98–92 and 98–92.^[33]

On November 6, 2009, Judah took on Ubaldo Hernandez from Mexico at Palms Resort, in Las Vegas, Nevada. The former Undisputed Welterweight Champion won the fight by TKO in the second round.

Judah was in line for a fight with Devon Alexander, after the latter's win against Juan Urango.^[34][35] He has also been linked to a match with Timothy Bradley, as he was considered as a possible replacement for Marcos Maidana. The former undisputed champion publicly challenged both of them on more than one occasion in 2010. Promoter Gary Shaw tried to began negatiations with Judah for a potential bout in 2010.^[36] However, Judah declined the match but promised to fight Bradley and Alexander after a tune-up fight on July 16 at the Prudential Center in New Jersey.^[37]

The Brooklyn native's tune up fight in July was co-promoted by Main Events and Super Judah Promotions.^[38] In June 2010, Judah expressed his intention in moving down to the light welterweight division after the upcoming fight, hoping to revitalize his career.^[39] His opponent was Jose Armando Santa Cruz of Mexico (28–4; 17 KO).^[40] Judah won the bout by TKO in round three.^[41][42][43]

Return to Light Welterweight[link]

On November 6, 2010, Judah won a split decision over previously undefeated Lucas Matthysse in a fight for the vacant regional NABO Light Welterweight title at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey.^[44] The former world champion fought in the light welterweight division for the first time in almost seven years.

The Brooklyn native began the busier fighter, using the jab and trying to land uppercuts for the first two rounds, while Matthysse worked on the body. In round three, a clash of heads opened a cut outside of the left eye of Judah. Matthysse displayed more aggression and became the aggressor in the third and the fourth round and Judah switched to a defensive tactic. In the next two rounds, the American boxer picked up the pace, beginning to land more combinations. The seventh round was less active but in the eight, Judah landed some hard right counter shots. Judah continued to box throughout the ninth round but Matthysse began to show more power in the tenth, focusing on the head of his opponent and knocking down the American boxer after a hard right hand to the jaw. Judah got up but he was hurt, and the Argentine fighter tried to press the attack after the knockdown. However, Judah held and worked on the defensive and managed to finish the bout.^[45] Two judges scored the fight 114–113 for Judah, while the other judge scored it 114–113 for Matthysse.^[46]

Regaining the IBF title[link]

Following the win against Matthysse, negotiations for a fight against Kaizer Mabuza began. Both sides eventually agreed to a March 5 bout, with the vacant IBF Light Welterweight title on the line. Former champion Pernell Whitaker joined Judah's training camp to help him prepare for the match.^[47] Whitaker said: "I don't train guys to be like me. I help guys to do the things that work for them. If I can teach you how to hit and not get hit, that's a blessing for you. Zab has the same abilities I have, but Zab still has to put it together and do it the way that Zab knows how to do it."^[48] On March 5, 2011, Judah defeated Mabuza via technical knockout in the seventh round, at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey, claiming the IBF title again after almost ten years.^[49]

Judah vs. Khan unification bout[link]

Judah fought WBA (Super) Champion Amir Khan in a unification bout on July 23, 2011 at Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino, Las Vegas. Judah was knocked out by Khan in the 5th round after Khan landed an uppercut body shot. Judah was unable to answer the referee's 10 count, thus recording his 7th career loss. Khan was ahead 40-36 on all three judges score cards at the time of the knock out. Judah was adamant that the body shot should have been called low (clearly landing below the belt line that the referee indicated as low at the beginning of the fight) and claimed that he had been expecting a mandatory five-minute recovery period.

Professional boxing record[link]

42 Wins (29 knockouts, 13 decisions), 7 losses (3 knockouts, 4 decisions), 0 Draws, 2 No Contests[50]
Res.	Record	Opponent	Type	Rd., Time	Date	Location	Notes
Win	42–7 2 NC	Vernon Paris	TKO	9 (12), 2:27	2012-03-24	Aviator Sports Complex, Brooklyn, New York	IBF Light Welterweight Eliminator.
Loss	41–7 2 NC	Amir Khan	KO	5 (12), 2:47	2011-07-23	Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada	Lost IBF Light Welterweight title. For WBA (Super) Light Welterweight title.
Win	41–6 2 NC	Kaizer Mabuza	TKO	7 (12), 0:59	2011-03-05	Prudential Center, Newark, New Jersey	Won vacant IBF Light Welterweight title.
Win	40–6 2 NC	Lucas Matthysse	SD	12 (12)	2010-11-06	Prudential Center, Newark, New Jersey	Won vacant WBO NABO Welterweight title.
Win	39–6 2 NC	Jose Santa Cruz	TKO	3 (10), 0:35	2010-07-16	Prudential Center, Newark, New Jersey
Win	38–6 2 NC	Ubaldo Hernandez	TKO	2 (10), 0:35	2009-11-06	Palms Casino Resort, Las Vegas, Nevada
Win	37–6 2 NC	Ernest Johnson	UD	10 (10)	2008-11-08	Madison Square Garden, New York, New York
Loss	36–6 2 NC	Joshua Clottey	TD	9 (12), 1:12	2008-08-02	Palms Casino Resort, Las Vegas, Nevada	For vacant IBF Welterweight title.
Win	36–5 2 NC	Ryan Davis	UD	12 (12)	2007-11-17	Casablanca Casino, Providenciales, TCI	Won vacant IBC Light Middleweight title.
Win	35–5 2 NC	Edwin Vasquez	UD	10 (10)	2007-09-07	Hard Rock Casino, Biloxi, Mississippi
Loss	34–5 2 NC	Miguel Cotto	TKO	11 (12), 0:49	2007-06-09	Madison Square Garden, New York, New York	For WBA Welterweight title.
NC	34–4 2 NC	Ruben Galvan	NC	1 (10)	2007-04-13	Fitzgerald's Casino & Hotel, Tunica, Mississippi
Loss	34–4 1 NC	Floyd Mayweather Jr.	UD	12 (12)	2006-04-08	Thomas & Mack Center, Las Vegas, Nevada	Lost IBF Welterweight title. For vacant IBO Welterweight title.
Loss	34–3 1 NC	Carlos Baldomir	UD	12 (12)	2006-01-07	Madison Square Garden, New York, New York	Lost WBC & The Ring Welterweight titles.
Win	34–2 1 NC	Cosme Rivera	TKO	3 (12), 2:11	2005-05-14	MGM Grand, Las Vegas, Nevada	Retained WBC, WBA (Super), IBF & The Ring Welterweight titles.
Win	33–2 1 NC	Cory Spinks	TKO	9 (12), 2:49	2005-02-05	Savvis Center, Saint Louis, Missouri	Won WBC, WBA (Super), IBF & The Ring Welterweight titles.
Win	32–2 1 NC	Wayne Martell	TKO	1 (12), 2:08	2004-10-02	Madison Square Garden, New York, New York	Retained WBO Inter-Continental Welterweight title.
Win	31–2 1 NC	Rafael Pineda	SD	12 (12)	2004-05-15	Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada	Won vacant WBO Inter-Continental Welterweight title. WBO Welterweight Title Eliminator.
Loss	30–2 1 NC	Cory Spinks	UD	12 (12)	2004-04-10	Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada	For WBC, WBA (Super), IBF & The Ring Welterweight titles.
Win	30–1 1 NC	Jaime Rangel	KO	1 (12), 2:08	2003-12-13	Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, New Jersey	Retained WBO Light Welterweight title.
Win	29–1 1 NC	DeMarcus Corley	SD	12 (12)	2003-07-12	Orleans Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada	Won WBO Light Welterweight title.
Win	28–1 1 NC	Omar Gabriel Weis	UD	10 (10)	2002-07-13	Sam's Town Casino, Tunica, Mississippi
Loss	27–1 1 NC	Kostya Tszyu	TKO	2 (12), 2:59	2001-11-03	MGM Grand, Las Vegas, Nevada	Lost IBF Light Welterweight title. For WBC & WBA Light Welterweight titles.
Win	27–0 1 NC	Allan Vester	KO	3 (12), 2:58	2001-06-23	Mohegan Sun Casino, Uncasville, Connecticut	Retained IBF Light Welterweight title.
Win	26–0 1 NC	Reggie Green	TKO	10 (12), 1:29	2001-01-13	Mohegan Sun Casino, Uncasville, Connecticut	Retained IBF Light Welterweight title.
Win	25–0 1 NC	Hector Quiroz	TKO	8 (12), 1:56	2000-10-20	The Palace, Auburn Hills, Michigan	Retained IBF Light Welterweight title.
Win	24–0 1 NC	Terron Millett	TKO	4 (12), 2:47	2000-08-05	Mohegan Sun Casino, Uncasville, Connecticut	Retained IBF Light Welterweight title.
Win	23–0 1 NC	Junior Witter	UD	12 (12)	2000-06-24	Glasgow, Scotland	Retained IBF Light Welterweight title.
Win	22–0 1 NC	Jan Piet Bergman	KO	4 (12), 2:50	2000-02-12	Mohegan Sun Casino, Uncasville, Connecticut	Won vacant IBF Light Welterweight title.
Win	21–0 1 NC	David Sample	TKO	1 (10), 2:27	1999-07-09	Cape Cod Melody Tent, Hyannis, Massachusetts
Win	20–0 1 NC	Juan Torres	KO	1 (10), 1:26	1999-04-16	Grand Casino, Tunica, Mississippi
Win	19–0 1 NC	Wilfredo Negron	KO	4 (12), 1:44	1999-01-16	MGM Grand, Las Vegas, Nevada	Won Interim IBF Light Welterweight title.
Win	18–0 1 NC	Darryl Tyson	TKO	11 (12)	1998-10-15	Hilton Hotel, Washington, District of Columbia	Retained Interim USBA Light Welterweight title.
Win	17–0 1 NC	Otilio Villarreal	TKO	2 (10), 3:00	1998-07-12	Cape Cod Melody Tent, Hyannis, Massachusetts
Win	16–0 1 NC	Micky Ward	UD	12 (12)	1998-06-07	Miccosukee Indian Gaming Resort, Miami, Florida	Won Interim USBA Light Welterweight title.
Win	15–0 1 NC	Angel Beltre	KO	2 (10)	1998-04-14	Foxwoods Resort, Mashantucket, Connecticut
NC	14–0 1 NC	Esteban Flores	NC	3 (8), 1:23	1998-03-10	National Guard Armory, Pikesville, Maryland	Changed to a no-contest after being ruled a technical draw.
Win	14–0	Steve Valdez	TKO	1 (8)	1998-01-17	Convention Hall, Atlantic City, New Jersey
Win	13–0	Anthony Johnson	UD	8 (8)	1997-12-13	Foxwoods Resort, Mashantucket, Connecticut
Win	12–0	Ricardo Vazquez	TKO	1 (8), 1:35	1997-11-07	Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
Win	11–0	Rick Edson	UD	6 (6)	1997-10-17	Foxwoods Resort, Mashantucket, Connecticut
Win	10–0	James Salava	TKO	1 (6)	1997-10-03	Tropicana Hotel & Casino, Atlantic City, New Jersey
Win	9–0	Cesar Castro	KO	1 (6)	1997-08-24	The Roxy, Boston, Massachusetts
Win	8–0	Omar Vasquez	UD	4 (4)	1997-06-10	Travis County Expo Center, Austin, Texas
Win	7–0	Troy Cain	UD	6 (6)	1997-05-04	Caesar's Hotel & Casino, Atlantic City, New Jersey
Win	6–0	Paul Denard	TKO	4 (4)	1997-04-05	Ballys Park Place Hotel Casino, Atlantic City, New Jersey
Win	5–0	Chris Slaughter	KO	1 (10)	1997-02-22	Convention Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey
Win	4–0	John Scalzi	TKO	1 (4)	1997-01-24	Convention Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey
Win	3–0	Jose Luis Torres	TKO	1 (4)	1996-12-14	Convention Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey
Win	2–0	Pablo Tejada	TKO	4 (4)	1996-10-04	MSG Theater, New York, New York
Win	1–0	Michael Johnson	TKO	2 (4)	1996-09-20	James Knight Convention Center, Miami, Florida

Titles in boxing[link]

Major World Titles:

• Interim IBF Light Welterweight Champion (140 lbs)
• IBF Light Welterweight Champion (140 lbs)
• WBO Light Welterweight Champion (140 lbs)
• WBC Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
• WBA (Super) Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
• IBF Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
• (2) IBF Light Welterweight Light Welterweight Champion (140 lbs)

Minor World Titles:

• IBC Light Middleweight Champion (154 lbs)

The Ring/Lineal Championship Titles:

• The Ring Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)

Regional/International Titles:

• Interim USBA Light Welterweight Champion (140 lbs)
• WBO Inter-Continental Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
• WBO NABO Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)

Personal life[link]

Judah has nine brothers and two sisters. Five of his brothers also box, with three of them, Josiah, Joseph and Daniel Judah, boxing professionally. Judah's father and trainer, Yoel Judah, is a six-time kickboxing world champion and a seventh degree black belt.^[51] Judah's father is an avowed Black Hebrew Israelite and Judah's family has declared themselves Jewish.^[52][53] However, that declaration is ambiguous because Judah thanked "his Lord and Savior Jesus Christ" after his 2005 fight against Spinks.^[54] Zab is now a Born again Christian.^[55]

In July 2006, he was arrested after a celebrity basketball game at Madison Square Garden on a Family Court warrant.^[56] In August 2007, Judah became involved in a fight at Stereo nightclub in New York. According to the New York Daily News, Judah started throwing punches after he was hit first by someone who approached him. Two of the perpetrator's friends then joined in the fight and eventually everyone involved were kicked out of the club. After reviewing the videotape, the club indicated the perpetrators "might have been plotting something."^[57]

New York Police linked rapper Fabolous to a crew of robbers who targeted Judah twice. According to police reports, the Street Fam Crew, the gang that attempted to rob Judah, is made up of 20 members, all former drug dealers from Fabolous' Brooklyn neighborhood. In 2006, three men tried to rob Judah as he stood next to his Lamborghini on West 27th Street at 10th Avenue in New York City. The three men drove up to Judah in a minivan at about 5 am, and came out. One man pulled a handgun on Judah, and told him to put his jewelry on the hood of his car, but Judah ran instead. The muggers followed in their minivan, but crashed into a tree a block away. All three robbers fled the scene, but one was captured by a Homeland Security agent on his way to work, and another was grabbed by a nearby cab driver.^[58]

See also[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Zab Judah

• Zab Judah fight-by-fight career record
• Professional boxing record for Zab Judah from BoxRec
• HBO Boxing bio
• Zab Judah profile from BoxingGurus.com
• Zab Judah on Myspace

Nigel Farage MEP
Leader of the United Kingdom Independence Party
Incumbent
Assumed office 5 November 2010
Preceded by	Jeffrey Titford
In office 27 September 2006 – 27 November 2009
Preceded by	Roger Knapman
Succeeded by	Lord Pearson of Rannoch
Member of the European Parliament for South East England
Incumbent
Assumed office 15 July 1999
Personal details
Born	(1964-04-03) 3 April 1964 (age 48) Kent, England, United Kingdom
Nationality	British
Political party	UK Independence Party
Spouse(s)	Gráinne Hayes (1988-1997, divorced) Kirsten Mehr (1999-present)
Children	4
Alma mater	Dulwich College
Religion	Church of England
Website	Nigel Farage MEP

Nigel Paul Farage ( /ˈfærɑːʒ/, FARR-ahzh;^[1] born 3 April 1964, Farnborough, Kent), is a British politician and is the Leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP),^[2] a position he also held from September 2006 to November 2009. He is a Member of the European Parliament for South East England and co-chairs the Eurosceptic Europe of Freedom and Democracy group.

Farage is a founding member of the UKIP, having left the Conservative Party in 1992 after they signed the Maastricht Treaty. Having unsuccessfully campaigned in European and Westminster parliamentary elections for UKIP since 1994, he gained a seat as an MEP for South East England in the 1999 European Parliament Election — the first year the regional list system was used — and was re-elected in 2004 and 2009. Farage describes himself as a libertarian and rejects the notion that he is a conservative.

In September 2006, Farage became the UKIP Leader and led the party through the 2009 European Parliament Election in which it received the second highest share of the popular vote, defeating Labour and the Liberal Democrats with over two million votes. However he stepped down in November 2009 to concentrate on contesting the Speaker John Bercow's seat of Buckingham in the 2010 general election.

At the 2010 General Election, Farage failed to unseat John Bercow and received only the third highest share of the vote in the constituency. Shortly after the polls opened on 6 May 2010, Nigel Farage was injured in an aircraft crash in Northamptonshire. The two-seated PZL-104 Wilga 35A had been towing a pro-UKIP banner when it flipped over and crashed shortly after takeoff. Both Farage and the pilot were hospitalised with non-life-threatening injuries.^[3]

In November 2010, Farage successfully stood in the 2010 UKIP leadership contest,^[4] following the resignation of its leader, Lord Pearson of Rannoch. Farage was also ranked 41st (out of 100) in The Daily Telegraph's Top 100 most influential right-wingers poll in October 2009, citing his media savvy and his success with UKIP in the European Elections.^[5] Farage was ranked 58th in the 2010 list compiled by Iain Dale and Brian Brivati for the Daily Telegraph.

Background[link]

Farage was educated at Dulwich College before joining a commodity brokerage firm in London. He ran his own brokerage business from the early 1990s until 2002. In his early 20s Farage was diagnosed with testicular cancer but made a full recovery.^[6]

Farage has been married twice. He married Gráinne Hayes in 1988, with whom he had two children: Samuel (1989) and Thomas (1991). In 1999 he married Kirsten Mehr, a German national, by whom he has two more children, Victoria (born 2000) and Isabelle (born 2005).^[7]

Farage has also penned his own memoirs, entitled "Fighting Bull." It outlines the founding of UKIP and his personal and political life so far.

Political career[link]

Conservative Party[link]

Active in the Conservative Party from his school days, Farage left the party in 1992 when John Major's government signed the Treaty on European Union at Maastricht.

UKIP and the European Parliament[link]

Farage became a founding member of UKIP in 1993.

He was elected to the European Parliament in 1999 and re-elected in 2004 and 2009. Farage is presently the leader of the thirteen-member UKIP contingent in the European Parliament, and co-leader of the multinational eurosceptic group, Europe of Freedom and Democracy.

UKIP party leadership[link]

On 12 September 2006, Farage was elected leader of UKIP with 45% of the vote, 20% ahead of his nearest rival.^[8] He pledged to bring discipline to the party and to maximise UKIP's representation in local, parliamentary and other elections.^{[citation needed]} In a PM programme interview on BBC Radio 4 that day he pledged to end the public perception of UKIP as a single-issue party and to work with allied politicians in the Better Off Out campaign, committing himself not to stand against the MPs who have signed up to that campaign (ten in all at this moment).

At his maiden speech to the UKIP conference on 8 October 2006, he told delegates that the party was "at the centre-ground of British public opinion" and the "real voice of opposition". Farage said: "We've got three social democratic parties in Britain — Labour, Lib Dem and Conservative are virtually indistinguishable from each other on nearly all the main issues" and "you can't put a cigarette paper between them and that is why there are nine million people who don't vote now in general elections that did back in 1992."^[9]

At 10pm on 19 October 2006, Farage took part in a three-hour live interview and phone-in with James Whale on national radio station talkSPORT. Four days later, Whale announced on his show his intention to stand as UKIP's candidate in the 2008 London Mayoral Election. Farage said that Whale "not only has guts, but an understanding of what real people think". However Whale later decided not to stand and UKIP was represented by Gerard Batten.^[10] He stood again for UKIP leadership in 2010 after his successor Lord Pearson stood down.^[4] On the 5th November 2010 it was announced Farage had won the leadership contest.^[11]

Westminster elections[link]

Farage had unsuccessfully contested UK parliamentary elections for UKIP five times, both before and after his election as an MEP in 1999. Under the 2002 European Union decision to forbid MEPs from holding a dual mandate, if he was ever elected to the House of Commons, he would have to resign his seat as an MEP.

When he contested the Bromley & Chislehurst constituency in a May 2006 by-election, organised after the sitting MP representing it, eurosceptic Conservative Eric Forth, died, Farage came third, winning 8% of the vote, beating the Labour Party candidate. This was the second-best by-election result recorded by UKIP out of 25 results, and the first time since the Liverpool Walton by-election in 1991 that a party in government had been pushed into fourth place in a parliamentary by-election on mainland Britain.

2010 UK General election[link]

On 4 September 2009 Farage resigned as leader of UKIP to concentrate on his campaign to become Member of Parliament for Buckingham at Westminster in the 2010 general election.^[12] He later told Times journalist Camilla Long that UKIP internal fights took up too much time.^[13]

He stood against Buckingham MP John Bercow, the newly elected Speaker of the House of Commons, despite a convention that the speaker, as a political neutral, is not normally challenged in his or her bid for re-election by any of the major parties.^[14]

On 6 May, on the morning the polls opened in the election, just before eight o'clock Farage was involved in a light aircraft crash, suffering injuries described as non-life-threatening. A spokesperson told the BBC that "it was unlikely Mr Farage would be discharged from hospital today [6 May]^[15] Although his injuries were originally described as minor, his sternum and ribs were broken, and his lung punctured.^[16] The Air Accident Investigation Branch (AAIB) report said that the aeroplane was towing a banner, which caught in the tailplane, forcing the nose down.^[17]

Farage came third with 8,401 votes. Bercow was re-elected, and in second place with 10,331 votes was John Stevens, a former Conservative MEP who campaigned as an independent accompanied by "Flipper the Dolphin" (a reference to MPs flipping second homes).^[18]

On 1 December 2010, the pilot of the aircraft involved in the accident was charged with threatening to kill Farage. He was also charged with threatening to kill an AAIB official involved in the investigation into the accident.^[19] In April 2011, Justin Adams was found guilty of making death threats. The judge said the defendant was "clearly extremely disturbed" at the time the offences happened adding "He is a man who does need help. If I can find a way of giving him help I will."^[20]

Alternative Vote referendum, May 2011[link]

Farage declared himself personally in favour of the Alternative Vote system of May 2011, saying first-past-the-post is a "nightmare" for UKIP. However, the party's stance has to be decided by its central policy making committee.^[21]

May 2012 London Mayor & Local elections[link]

In a "bizarre cock-up," UKIP forgot to put their party name on their candidate's ballot paper for the London mayoral election, 2012^[22], Laurence Webb appearing as "A fresh choice for London." Farage admitted the mistake describing it as an internal error.^[22]
Interviewed by the following Sunday by Andrew Neil and asked about "the game plan", Farage welcomed the "average 13% vote" across the country, and stated that the party was preparing for County council in 2013, European elections in 2014 and a general election in 2015.^[23] The party was no longer just a protest vote, it would have a full manifesto with policies including selective schools, help to small businesses by "getting rid of excessive labour practices" and an energy policy not based on wind turbines.^[23] UKIP was here to stay ..frankly the Tory Eurosceptics were in the wrong party and would be better off joining UKIP. Asked what would happen to UKIP if the Tories made a Manifesto commitment to a European referendum, Farage said they had already failed to honour a "cast iron" commitment for a referendum on the Lisbon treaty.^[23]

Challenging Farange's viewpoint, Neil said UKIP aspired to come top of the European elections but whilst UKIP wanted to join the big time, they were still seen as "unprofessional, amateur and even unacceptable" after their press officer called Baroness Warsi "a bitch".^[23] Farage regretted "the wrong choice of words" but further described Warsi as "the lowest grade chairman the Tory party has ever had."^[23] Neil then mocked the so called internal error which had made Farage "a joke".^[23] "The blunt truth is" UKIP "didn't win any more seats, the performance in London was terrible and they were still a one man band."^[23] Farage conceded London was a failure but they had won council seats elsewhere. He invited Tories who couldn't stand Cameron to help him.^[23]

Controversies and whistleblowing[link]

Copyright infringement[link]

In 1999 the BBC spent four months filming a documentary about his European elections campaign but didn't show it. Farage, then head of UKIP's South East office, asked for a video and got friends to make illegal copies which were sold for £5 through the UKIP magazine. Surrey Trading Standards investigated and Farage has admitted the offence.^[24]

Expenses disclosure[link]

In May 2009, The Guardian reported that Farage had said in a speech to the Foreign Press Association that over ten years as a member of the European Parliament he received £2 million of taxpayers' money in staff, travel, and other expenses on top of his £64,000 a year salary.^[25]

The former Europe Minister, Denis MacShane, said that this showed that Farage was "happy to line his pockets with gold". Farage called this a "misrepresentation",^[26] pointing out that the money had been used to promote UKIP's message and staff salaries, not his own salary, but he welcomed the focus on the issue of MEP expenses, claiming that "[o]ver a five year term each and every one of Britain's 78 MEPs gets about £1 million. It is used to employ administrative staff, run their offices and to travel back and forth between their home, Brussels and Strasbourg."^[27]

Jacques Barrot[link]

On 18 November 2004, Farage announced in the European Parliament that Jacques Barrot, the French Commissioner designate, had been barred from elected office in France for 2 years, after being convicted in 2000 of embezzling £2 million from government funds and diverting it into the coffers of his party. He claimed that French President Jacques Chirac had granted Barrot amnesty. Although initial BBC reports claimed that, under French law, it was illegal even to mention the conviction,^[28] the prohibition in question only applies to French officials in the course of their duties.^[29] The president of the Parliament, Josep Borrell, enjoined him to retract his comments under threat of "legal consequences".^[30] However, the following day it was confirmed that Barrot had received an 8 month suspended jail sentence in the case, and that this had been quickly expunged by the amnesty decided by Chirac and his parliamentary majority. The Commission's president, Jose Manuel Barroso admitted that he had not known of Barrot's criminal record when appointing him as a Commission vice-president.^{[citation needed]} The Socialist and Liberal groups in the European Parliament then joined UKIP in demanding the resignation of Barrot for failing to disclose the conviction during his confirmation hearings.

José Manuel Barroso[link]

During the spring of 2005, Farage requested that the European Commission disclose where the individual Commissioners had spent their holidays. The Commission did not provide the information requested, on the basis that the Commissioners had a right of privacy. The German newspaper Die Welt reported that the President of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso had spent a week on the yacht of the Greek shipping billionaire Spiro Latsis. It emerged soon afterwards that this had occurred a month before the Commission under Barroso's predecessor Romano Prodi approved 10.3 million euro of Greek state aid for Latsis' shipping company.^[31] It also became known that Peter Mandelson, then a member of the Commission, had accepted a trip to Jamaica from an unrevealed source.

Farage persuaded around 75 MEPs from across the political divide to back a motion of no confidence in Barroso, which would be sufficient to compel Barroso to appear before the European Parliament to be questioned on the issue.^[32] The motion was successfully tabled on 12 May 2005, and Barroso appeared before Parliament^[33] at a debate on 26 May 2005. The motion was heavily defeated. A Conservative MEP, Roger Helmer, was expelled from his group, the European People's Party - European Democrats (EPP-ED) in the middle of the debate by that group's leader Hans-Gert Poettering as a result of his support for Farage's motion.

Joseph Daul[link]

In January 2007, the French farmers' leader Joseph Daul was elected the new leader of the European People's Party–European Democrats (EPP-ED), the European Parliamentary grouping which then included the British Conservatives. The UK Independence Party almost immediately revealed that Daul had been under judicial investigation in France since 2004 as part of an inquiry into the alleged misuse of public funds worth €16 million (£10.6 million) by French farming unions."^[34] It was not suggested that Daul had personally benefited, but was accused of "complicity and concealment of the abuse of public funds." Daul accused Farage of publicising the investigation for political reasons and threatened to sue Farage, but did not do so though the court dropped all charges against him.

Prince Charles[link]

Prince Charles gave a speech to the European Parliament on 14 February 2008, in which he called for EU leadership in the war against climate change. During the standing ovation that followed, Farage was the only MEP to remain seated and went on to describe the Prince's advisers as "naïve and foolish at best."^[35] Farage continued: "How can somebody like Prince Charles be allowed to come to the European Parliament at this time to announce he thinks it should have more powers? It would have been better for the country he wants to rule one day if he had stayed home and tried to persuade Gordon Brown to give the people the promised referendum on the Treaty of Lisbon." The leader of the UK Labour Party's MEPs, Gary Titley, accused Farage of anti-Royalism. Titley said: "I was embarrassed and disgusted when the Leader of the UK Independence Party, Nigel Farage, remained firmly seated during the lengthy standing ovation Prince Charles received. I had not realised Mr Farage's blind adherence to right wing politics involved disloyalty and discourtesy to the Royal Family. He should be thoroughly ashamed of himself and should apologise to the British people he represents."^[35]

Herman Van Rompuy[link]

After the speech of Herman Van Rompuy on 24 February 2010 in the European parliament, Farage—to protests from other MEPs—addressed the first long-term President of the European Council saying that he has the "charisma of a damp rag and the appearance of low grade bank clerk".^[36] Farage questioned the legitimacy of Van Rompuy's appointment asking "Who are you? I'd never heard of you, nobody in Europe had ever heard of you", he also asserted that Van Rompuy's "intention is to be the quiet assassin of European democracy and of European nation states."^[36] In the same speech he also referred to Belgium, the home of Van Rompuy, as "pretty much a non-country".^[37] Van Rompuy commented afterwards, "There was one contribution that I can only hold in contempt, but I'm not going to comment further."^[36] After refusing to apologise for behaviour that was, in the words of the President of the European Parliament, Jerzy Buzek, "inappropriate, unparliamentary and insulting to the dignity of the House", Farage was reprimanded and had his right to ten days' allowance (expenses) rescinded.^{[38] [39]}

The President of the European Parliament, Jerzy Buzek, said after his meeting with Farage:

I defend absolutely Mr Farage's right to disagree about the policy or institutions of the Union, but not to personally insult our guests in the European Parliament or the country from which they may come. [. . .] I myself fought for free speech as the absolute cornerstone of a democratic society. But with freedom comes responsibility - in this case, to respect the dignity of others and of our institutions. I am disappointed by Mr Farage's behaviour, which sits ill with the great parliamentary tradition of his own country. I cannot accept this sort of behaviour in the European Parliament. I invited him to apologise, but he declined to do so. I have therefore - as an expression of the seriousness of the matter - rescinded his right to ten days' daily allowance as a Member.^[39]

Questioned by Camilla Long, Farage declared of his speech "it wasn't abusive, it was right."^[13]

European economic governance[link]

He spoke of the EU being "German-dominated" in a speech at the European-Parliament on 18 November 2011.^[40]

Views on the euro[link]

From taking office as a UKIP MEP in 1999, Farage has often voiced opposition to the "euro project". His argument is that "a one size fits all interest rate" cannot work for countries with structurally different economies, often using the example of Greece and Germany to emphasise contrast. He predicted the need for 'bailouts' before European Commission and European Central Bank officials admitted that these steps would be necessary. Specifically, Farage predicted that Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain would all require such assistance. To date, Spain is the only predicted country that has not asked for a 'bailout'. Although Spain and Italy have both had indirect assistance from the ECB, whereby secondary government bonds are bought by the central bank, they are prohibited from purchasing new bonds. Farage warns: "You can ignore the markets if you want to, but in time the markets will not ignore you". Farage also reinforces Germany's argument that Italy "should never have joined the euro".

Farage predicts that if the situation continues it will lead to violence due to the people's inability to "determine their own futures through the ballot box" as it will become the only "logical" tool to enable them to escape from their "economic prison" i.e. the Eurozone. He proclaims "I can only hope and pray that the euro project is destroyed by the markets before that really happens."

Farage strongly opposes the use of 'bailouts' and claims that "buying your own debt with tax payers money" will not solve the problem and that, "if we do, the next debt crisis won't be a country", "it will be the European Central Bank itself".^[41][42]

Electoral performance[link]

Nigel Farage has contested several elections under the United Kingdom Independence Party banner:

• Itchen, Test and Avon, European Parliament Election 1994 - 12,423 votes, representing 5.2% of total votes cast
• Eastleigh by-election, 1994 - 952, 1.4%
• Salisbury, 1997 general election - 3,332, 5.7%
• European Parliament election, 1999 - elected member for South East England from party list
• Bexhill and Battle, 2001 general election - 3,474, 7.8%
• European Parliament election, 2004 - elected member for South East England from party list
• South Thanet, 2005 general election - 2,079, 5.0%
• Bromley and Chislehurst by-election, 2006 - 2,307, 8.0%
• European Parliament election, 2009 - elected member for South East England from party list.
• Buckingham, 2010 general election - 8,410, 17.4%

Footnotes[link]