- published: 13 Feb 2010
- views: 197250
- author: thatsmynamedude
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
- Flour
- Flour Tortillas
- King Arthur Flour Series On Bread Baking
- King Arthur Flour Baguette Baking Series 1 - 6
- Coconut Flour Cake
- Flour
- Flour Tortillas
- King Arthur Flour Series On Bread Baking
- King Arthur Flour Baguette Baking Series 1 - 6
- Coconut Flour Cake
add
Loading...
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- Agronomy
- Almond
- Amaranth
- Amino acid
- Ancient Rome
- Arrowroot
- Ascorbic acid
- Atta flour
- Austria
- Autolysis (biology)
- AWB Limited
- Azodicarbonamide
- Baker percentage
- Baking
- Baking powder
- Barm
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Biga (bread baking)
- Bishkek
- Blini
- Bran
- Bread
- Bread bowl
- Bread improver
- Bread machine
- Bread pan
- Bread pudding
- Breadcrumb
- Breadmaking
- Breads
- Brittany
- Brown bread
- Brown rice
- Buckwheat
- Bulgur
- Cake
- Calcium peroxide
- Calcium propanoate
- Canadian Wheat Board
- Carbohydrate
- Carbon dioxide
- Cassava
- Category Breads
- Category Flour
- Category Wheat
- Caviar
- Central America
- Cereal
- Cereal germ
- Chapati
- Chemicals
- Chickpea
- Chlorine
- Chlorine dioxide
- Chuño
- Coconut
- Coeliac disease
- Common wheat
- Corn exchange
- Corn meal
- Cornstarch
- Corsica
- Couscous
- Cracker (food)
- Crouton
- Crêpe
- Czech Republic
- Dehydrate
- Dessert
- DIN
- Domestication
- Dotorimuk
- Dough scraper
- Drum drying
- Durum
- E. coli
- Einkorn wheat
- Emmer
- Enriched flour
- Europe
- Explosive
- Farina (food)
- Farinata
- Farinograph
- Fatty acids
- Fermentation (food)
- Flatbread
- Flour
- Flour bomb
- Flour mill
- Flower
- Food preparation
- Food riot
- French toast
- Fufu
- Germany
- Gluten
- Gluten intolerance
- Gluten sensitivity
- Glutinous rice
- Graham flour
- Grain trade
- Gram flour
- Gravy
- Grist
- Gristmill
- Groat (grain)
- Hazelnut
- Hemp
- Henry Jones (baker)
- Hungary
- Husk
- India
- Indian cuisine
- Industrial Era
- Ingredient
- Injera
- Italy
- Japan
- Jew
- Kamut
- King Arthur Flour
- Kneading
- Kyrgyzstan
- Laboratory oven
- Lame (kitchen tool)
- Leavening
- Leavening agent
- Lez Гъуьр
- Liguria
- List of breads
- List of edible seeds
- London
- Lunigiana
- Maida flour
- Maillard reaction
- Maize
- Masa
- Mesoamerica
- Mesquite
- Mesquite flour
- Mexico
- Micro nutrient
- Microwave
- Middle Eastern
- Mill (factory)
- Mill (grinding)
- Mill stone
- Millstone
- Minneapolis
- Mixer (cooking)
- Neolithic Revolution
- Noodle
- Norin 10 wheat
- North African
- North America
- Old French
- Oven
- Pakistan
- Pancake
- Papier-mâché
- Parboiling
- Passover
- Pasta
- Pastries
- Peak wheat
- Peanut flour
- Peanuts
- Peasemeal
- Peel (tool)
- Plant breeding
- Plant morphology
- Poland
- Polenta
- Political
- Polysaccharide
- Portal Food
- Potassium bromate
- Potato
- Potato starch
- Powder (substance)
- Pre-ferment
- Protein premium
- Public domain
- Pudding
- Pumpernickel
- Punjab region
- Périgord
- Quick bread
- Quinoa
- Rancidification
- Red Fife wheat
- Refined grains
- Rice flour
- Rice paper
- Root
- Roti
- Roux
- Russia
- Rye
- Rye bread
- Salt
- Salt-rising bread
- Sandwich
- Sauce
- Scandinavia
- Seed
- Seeds
- Semolina
- Shelf life
- Sliced bread
- Soba
- Soda bread
- Sodium benzoate
- Sorghum
- Sourdough
- Soy
- Spelt
- Staple food
- Starch
- Steaming
- Straw
- Stuffing
- Sweet Chestnut
- Sylvester Graham
- Tangyuan (food)
- Tapioca
- Tapioca pudding
- Taro
- Taxonomy of wheat
- Teff
- Tell Abu Hureyra
- Tell Aswad
- Template Bread
- Template talk Bread
- Template talk Wheat
- Template Wheat
- Toast
- Torte
- Tricalcium phosphate
- Triticeae
- Typha
- Unifine mill
- Unleavened bread
- Vienna bread
- Vitamin
- Washburn "A" Mill
- Watermill
- Wheat
- Wheat allergy
- Wheat beer
- Wheat diseases
- Wheat flour
- Wheat germ oil
- Wheat gluten (food)
- Wheat middlings
- Wheat mildew
- Wheat pool
- Wheatberry
- Wheatpaste
- White bread
- Whole grain
- Whole wheat bread
- Wikipedia Link rot
- Windmill
- Winter wheat
Flour
Cast
- Deirdre McCullagh
- Jeni Miller
- Loren W. Lepre
- Michael Connolly
- Brianna June Tillo
- Danny Donnelly
- Kevin Savage
- Aimee Theresa
- Danny Knight
- Jeff Orens
- Nate Sample
- Dan Lenick
- Scott Lehman
- Joan Chak
- Cassia Rainne
- Jada Rochelle
- Liam Wein
- Riina Corrigan
- Season 1
-
Episode 1: Reality Show Audition
USA:6 February 2012...
-
Episode 2: The Bake Sale
USA:29 February 2012...
-
Episode 3: Is That a dog?
USA:29 March 2012...
-
Episode 4: The Commercial
USA:27 April 2012...
-
Episode 5: The Engagement
USA:28 May 2012...
-
Episode 6: Flashback
USA:30 June 2012...
-
Episode 7: Sisterly Love
USA:1 October 2012...
-
Episode 8: What Type of Halloween Party Is This?
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Rain Reign
- Bodies On Fire
- Kick Now
- The Face
- Braindead Genius
- Nicky's Sister
- Love Kills
- Break Away
- Fish Or Cut Bait
- Midi This
- Love
- Red
- Accordian
- Grey
- Coffee
- Intro
- 1x1
- Blood
- Mirror
- Outro
- Starts A Fire
- Horseflesh
- Tools
- Finger Painting
- Stockings Torn
- Candy Land
- Machinery Hill
- Sometimes
- Pig Knuckled Clown
- Unmaculate Conception
- Scream For Me Darlin
- Beer Belly Polka
- Sled
- Rust with Me
- Godiva
- Swept Blood Too
- Flux Deluxe
- Cyannized
- The Cutting Floor
- Doorman's Lament
- Pretty in the Parlour
- Smarch
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
How It's Made Flour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:51
- Updated: 04 May 2013
Discovery / Science Channel's "How It's Made" Flour episode.
http://wn.com/How_It's_Made_Flour
Discovery / Science Channel's "How It's Made" Flour episode.
Homemade Mexican Flour Tortillas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:27
- Updated: 05 May 2013
List of ingredients below. Link to complete written instructions: http://www.paulaq.com/mexican-flour-tortillas_1.html INGREDIENTS Set 1 3 c. all-purpose flo...
http://wn.com/Homemade_Mexican_Flour_Tortillas
List of ingredients below. Link to complete written instructions: http://www.paulaq.com/mexican-flour-tortillas_1.html INGREDIENTS Set 1 3 c. all-purpose flo...
- published: 11 Jan 2013
- views: 17953
- author: ceps92
Jennifer Lopez - On The Floor ft. Pitbull
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Music video by Jennifer Lopez performing On The Floor feat. Pitbull. © 2011 Island Records #VEVOCertified on April 15, 2012. http://www.vevo.com/certified ht...
http://wn.com/Jennifer_Lopez_On_The_Floor_ft_Pitbull
Music video by Jennifer Lopez performing On The Floor feat. Pitbull. © 2011 Island Records #VEVOCertified on April 15, 2012. http://www.vevo.com/certified ht...
- published: 04 Mar 2011
- views: 667630888
- author: JenniferLopezVEVO
HOW TO MAKE: Flour Tortillas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:27
- Updated: 04 May 2013
How to make flour tortillas INGREDIENTS CLICK: http://gettingmysexybodyback.blogspot.com/2011/06/flour-tortillas.html Recently made flour tortilla pictures h...
http://wn.com/HOW_TO_MAKE_Flour_Tortillas
How to make flour tortillas INGREDIENTS CLICK: http://gettingmysexybodyback.blogspot.com/2011/06/flour-tortillas.html Recently made flour tortilla pictures h...
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 121945
- author: Zineb MsZeineb
FAMILY HOME DESTROYED BY AVALANCHE - CHILDREN TO BLAME
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Updated: 06 May 2013
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Origami-Owl-Independent-Designer-Mary-Napoli/113046362207594 Mommy was not feeling well and had to stay in the bathroom longer...
http://wn.com/FAMILY_HOME_DESTROYED_BY_AVALANCHE_CHILDREN_TO_BLAME
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Origami-Owl-Independent-Designer-Mary-Napoli/113046362207594 Mommy was not feeling well and had to stay in the bathroom longer...
- published: 17 Nov 2011
- views: 4235458
- author: mtmuzic
Best Flour Hair Dryer Prank
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 01 May 2013
http://wn.com/Best_Flour_Hair_Dryer_Prank
FLUOR - MIZU - OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Fluor legújabb videoklipje a 'Lájk' c. albumról. Zene: Pixa (http://www.facebook.com/pixamusic) Szöveg: Fluor Rendező/operatőr/vágó: Éder Krisztián Gaffer: ...
http://wn.com/FLUOR_MIZU_OFFICIAL_MUSIC_VIDEO
Fluor legújabb videoklipje a 'Lájk' c. albumról. Zene: Pixa (http://www.facebook.com/pixamusic) Szöveg: Fluor Rendező/operatőr/vágó: Éder Krisztián Gaffer: ...
- published: 04 Jan 2011
- views: 15774604
- author: Fluor Tomi
Flour Challenge Epic Fail! with slow mo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 05 May 2013
Facebook Page : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Teddy-Covers/146150405497904 Singing Channel : http://www.youtube.com/itssimplyteddy Flour Challenge Extreme! E...
http://wn.com/Flour_Challenge_Epic_Fail!_with_slow_mo
Facebook Page : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Teddy-Covers/146150405497904 Singing Channel : http://www.youtube.com/itssimplyteddy Flour Challenge Extreme! E...
- published: 11 Feb 2012
- views: 1405506
- author: ReactionResponseKING
How to Make Brown Rice Flour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:12
- Updated: 03 May 2013
How to make brown rice flour -- great for gluten-free cooking and baking! Check us out at http://www.thegspotrevolution.com.
http://wn.com/How_to_Make_Brown_Rice_Flour
How to make brown rice flour -- great for gluten-free cooking and baking! Check us out at http://www.thegspotrevolution.com.
- published: 13 Apr 2011
- views: 32679
- author: TheGSpotRev
How to Make Almond Flour - Honeysuckle Catering
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 04 May 2013
Here's how you can make your own Almond Flour for Macarons! FACEBOOK: http://www.facebook.com/myhoneysucklecatering SUBSCRIBE: http://goo.gl/iA05G Macaron Vi...
http://wn.com/How_to_Make_Almond_Flour_Honeysuckle_Catering
Here's how you can make your own Almond Flour for Macarons! FACEBOOK: http://www.facebook.com/myhoneysucklecatering SUBSCRIBE: http://goo.gl/iA05G Macaron Vi...
- published: 19 Feb 2013
- views: 13288
- author: honeysucklecatering
Seb la Frite - Flour challenge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Aujourd'hui je réalise le Flour Challenge, un défi plutôt farineux. Seb la Frite : http://www.facebook.com/seblafrite http://www.twitter.com/#!/Seb_Frit Miki...
http://wn.com/Seb_la_Frite_Flour_challenge
Aujourd'hui je réalise le Flour Challenge, un défi plutôt farineux. Seb la Frite : http://www.facebook.com/seblafrite http://www.twitter.com/#!/Seb_Frit Miki...
- published: 14 Jul 2012
- views: 514108
- author: SeblaFriteOfficiel
Fresh Flour Tortillas! - Homemade Flatbread Recipe - Make Your Own Wraps!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:43
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Learn how to make Fresh Flour Tortillas!! Visit http://foodwishes.blogspot.com/2011/03/fresh-homemade-flour-tortillas-in-no.html for the ingredients! Plus, m...
http://wn.com/Fresh_Flour_Tortillas!_Homemade_Flatbread_Recipe_Make_Your_Own_Wraps!
Learn how to make Fresh Flour Tortillas!! Visit http://foodwishes.blogspot.com/2011/03/fresh-homemade-flour-tortillas-in-no.html for the ingredients! Plus, m...
- published: 11 Mar 2011
- views: 199670
- author: foodwishes
Google Chrome: King Arthur Flour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
A Vermont flour producer uses the web to transform its 220-year-old operation into a popular baking company.
http://wn.com/Google_Chrome_King_Arthur_Flour
A Vermont flour producer uses the web to transform its 220-year-old operation into a popular baking company.
- published: 27 Nov 2011
- views: 163715
- author: Google Chrome
Young Jeezy - Chickens No Flour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Updated: 01 May 2013
Check out http://WWW.BLKDMNDS.COM for all of our exclusive videos, pictures and behind the scenes. Music Video by Young Jeezy performing Chicken No Flour. Di...
http://wn.com/Young_Jeezy_Chickens_No_Flour
Check out http://WWW.BLKDMNDS.COM for all of our exclusive videos, pictures and behind the scenes. Music Video by Young Jeezy performing Chicken No Flour. Di...
- published: 05 Oct 2011
- views: 1056696
- author: BLKDMNDS
How To Make Gluten Free Flour Blend
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
To view the next video in this series click: http://www.monkeysee.com/play/22104 Living Without Magazine food editor Beth Hillson shows how to create a wheat...
http://wn.com/How_To_Make_Gluten_Free_Flour_Blend
To view the next video in this series click: http://www.monkeysee.com/play/22104 Living Without Magazine food editor Beth Hillson shows how to create a wheat...
- published: 18 Jan 2012
- views: 1528
- author: MonkeySee
Wheat into Flour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:13
- Updated: 04 May 2013
Let Alex and Rob take you on a journey to see the transformation of wheat seeds into flour. See the grain during different stages of the milling process and ...
http://wn.com/Wheat_into_Flour
Let Alex and Rob take you on a journey to see the transformation of wheat seeds into flour. See the grain during different stages of the milling process and ...
- published: 02 May 2012
- views: 5875
- author: grainchain
HOW TO MAKE ALMOND FLOUR AT HOME
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Janet from Gluten Free Cookie Passion demonstrates HOW TO MAKE ALMOND FLOUR.
http://wn.com/HOW_TO_MAKE_ALMOND_FLOUR_AT_HOME
Janet from Gluten Free Cookie Passion demonstrates HOW TO MAKE ALMOND FLOUR.
- published: 08 May 2010
- views: 96900
- author: STAMPS702
Kim Kardashian Flour Bomb
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Kim Kardashian gets hit with flour. Copyright TMZ.
http://wn.com/Kim_Kardashian_Flour_Bomb
Kim Kardashian gets hit with flour. Copyright TMZ.
- published: 23 Mar 2012
- views: 438059
- author: clark7795
Corn Flour Fireball
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:06
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Corn flour blown through a funnel produces an excellent fireball. This both looks cool and demonstrates some interesting science. In any chemical reaction, t...
http://wn.com/Corn_Flour_Fireball
Corn flour blown through a funnel produces an excellent fireball. This both looks cool and demonstrates some interesting science. In any chemical reaction, t...
- published: 18 Nov 2012
- views: 126501
- author: 1veritasium
Kim Kardashian Gets FLOUR BOMBED!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Kim Kardashian was on the red carpet promoting her new perfume when she totally got FLOUR BOMBED... and somehow it sparked one of the BIGGEST TMZ newsroom wa...
http://wn.com/Kim_Kardashian_Gets_FLOUR_BOMBED!
Kim Kardashian was on the red carpet promoting her new perfume when she totally got FLOUR BOMBED... and somehow it sparked one of the BIGGEST TMZ newsroom wa...
- published: 24 Mar 2012
- views: 614231
- author: TMZ
Homemade authentic flour tortillas - a tutorial.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:46
- Updated: 03 May 2013
My mom graciously allowed me to film her sharing a traditional, authentic recipe for flour tortillas. Hope you enjoy!
http://wn.com/Homemade_authentic_flour_tortillas_a_tutorial
My mom graciously allowed me to film her sharing a traditional, authentic recipe for flour tortillas. Hope you enjoy!
- published: 20 Sep 2011
- views: 6411
- author: mommypalooza
Homemade Blanched Almond Flour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Updated: 05 May 2013
Learn how to make Blanched Almond Flour using your Vitamix. Blanched almond flour is great for making grain free muffins, cakes, cookies, and so much more! F...
http://wn.com/Homemade_Blanched_Almond_Flour
Learn how to make Blanched Almond Flour using your Vitamix. Blanched almond flour is great for making grain free muffins, cakes, cookies, and so much more! F...
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 4813
- author: healthnutnation
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 07 May 2013
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
http://wn.com/P!nk_Just_Give_Me_A_Reason_ft_Nate_Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 95990681
- author: PinkVEVO
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
http://wn.com/MACKLEMORE_RYAN_LEWIS_THRIFT_SHOP_FEAT_WANZ_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 288384718
- author: Ryan Lewis
Beyoncé - Love On Top
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/Beyoncé_Love_On_Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 16 Oct 2011
- views: 88741330
- author: beyonceVEVO
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
http://wn.com/Mortal_Kombat_Legacy_Season_2_Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 5222970
- author: machinima
Eminem - Not Afraid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
http://wn.com/Eminem_Not_Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 406533481
- author: EminemVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/P!nk_Try_The_Truth_About_Love_Live_From_Los_Angeles
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4233452
- author: PinkVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Stay_ft_Mikky_Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 119891526
- author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Diamonds
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 272777221
- author: RihannaVEVO
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
http://wn.com/Barack_Obama_vs_Mitt_Romney_Epic_Rap_Battles_Of_History_Season_2
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 65367724
- author: ERB
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 08 May 2013
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
http://wn.com/Draw_My_Life_Jenna_Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5690607
- author: JennaMarbles
Rihanna - Only Girl (In The World)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:11
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on February 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Only_Girl_In_The_World
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on February 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/...
- published: 12 Oct 2010
- views: 274284103
- author: RihannaVEVO
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 08 May 2013
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
http://wn.com/IF_VIDEO_GAMES_WERE_REAL_2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 15847418
- author: smosh
Coldplay - Paradise
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
http://wn.com/Coldplay_Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 205053319
- author: ColdplayVEVO
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
http://wn.com/Radioactive_Lindsey_Stirling_and_Pentatonix_Imagine_Dragons_Cover
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
- published: 12 Mar 2013
- views: 13877970
- author: lindseystomp
How Girls Fall Asleep
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
http://wn.com/How_Girls_Fall_Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 11967273
- author: JennaMarbles
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
http://wn.com/My_Boyfriend_Does_My_Makeup_Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
- published: 02 Aug 2012
- views: 12796768
- author: JennaMarbles
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
http://wn.com/Mario_Bros_vs_Wright_Bros_Epic_Rap_Battles_of_History_Season_2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
- published: 17 Feb 2012
- views: 48281929
- author: ERB
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
http://wn.com/Blow_Me_One_Last_Kiss_The_Truth_About_Love_Live_From
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 1642069
- author: PinkVEVO
Los Profesores | Hola Soy German
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:21
- Updated: 08 May 2013
ojalá te guste el video, ponle "me gusta" y compartelo con tus amigos por Facebook y/o twitter, de verdad que me ayudaría demasiado :'D gracias. Segundo cana...
http://wn.com/Los_Profesores_|_Hola_Soy_German
ojalá te guste el video, ponle "me gusta" y compartelo con tus amigos por Facebook y/o twitter, de verdad que me ayudaría demasiado :'D gracias. Segundo cana...
- published: 04 Jan 2013
- views: 12580465
- author: HolaSoyGerman
SHOOTING WHILE PEPPER SPRAYED
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 08 May 2013
FPS Russia Shirts - http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 Follow me: http://twitter.com/#!/thefpshow Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia.
http://wn.com/SHOOTING_WHILE_PEPPER_SPRAYED
FPS Russia Shirts - http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 Follow me: http://twitter.com/#!/thefpshow Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia.
- published: 03 Apr 2011
- views: 11082896
- author: FPSRussia
AA-12 Fully Automatic Shotgun!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 08 May 2013
CLICK TO TWEET: http://clicktotweet.com/KCm27 Shirts Here: http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 http://www.facebook.com/FPSRUSSIA Follow me: http://twitt...
http://wn.com/AA-12_Fully_Automatic_Shotgun!!!
CLICK TO TWEET: http://clicktotweet.com/KCm27 Shirts Here: http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 http://www.facebook.com/FPSRUSSIA Follow me: http://twitt...
- published: 25 Apr 2011
- views: 33268561
- author: FPSRussia
The 40mm Machine Gun!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 08 May 2013
FPSRussia Shirts http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 My Twitter: http://twitter.com/TheFPShow My Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia Business Em...
http://wn.com/The_40mm_Machine_Gun!!!
FPSRussia Shirts http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 My Twitter: http://twitter.com/TheFPShow My Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia Business Em...
- published: 23 May 2011
- views: 12589385
- author: FPSRussia
Axel - Te Voy A Amar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by Axel performing Te Voy A Amar. (C) 2011 Universal Music Argentina S.A..
http://wn.com/Axel_Te_Voy_A_Amar
Music video by Axel performing Te Voy A Amar. (C) 2011 Universal Music Argentina S.A..
- published: 20 Jun 2011
- views: 38967035
- author: AxelVEVO
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 07 May 2013
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
http://wn.com/P!nk_Just_Give_Me_A_Reason_ft_Nate_Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 95990681
- author: PinkVEVO
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
http://wn.com/MACKLEMORE_RYAN_LEWIS_THRIFT_SHOP_FEAT_WANZ_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 288384718
- author: Ryan Lewis
Beyoncé - Love On Top
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/Beyoncé_Love_On_Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 16 Oct 2011
- views: 88741330
- author: beyonceVEVO
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
http://wn.com/Mortal_Kombat_Legacy_Season_2_Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 5222970
- author: machinima
Eminem - Not Afraid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
http://wn.com/Eminem_Not_Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 406533481
- author: EminemVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/P!nk_Try_The_Truth_About_Love_Live_From_Los_Angeles
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4233452
- author: PinkVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Stay_ft_Mikky_Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 119891526
- author: RihannaVEVO
FUNNY GAMING MONTAGE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 07 May 2013
I'm just a guy from Sweden who likes to laugh and make other people laugh. Sharing gaming moments on YouTube with my bros! Why not join us? :D Become a bro t...
http://wn.com/FUNNY_GAMING_MONTAGE
I'm just a guy from Sweden who likes to laugh and make other people laugh. Sharing gaming moments on YouTube with my bros! Why not join us? :D Become a bro t...
- published: 03 Feb 2013
- views: 11916023
- author: PewDiePie
Rihanna - Diamonds
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 272777221
- author: RihannaVEVO
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
http://wn.com/Barack_Obama_vs_Mitt_Romney_Epic_Rap_Battles_Of_History_Season_2
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 65367724
- author: ERB
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 08 May 2013
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
http://wn.com/Draw_My_Life_Jenna_Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5690607
- author: JennaMarbles
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 08 May 2013
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
http://wn.com/IF_VIDEO_GAMES_WERE_REAL_2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 15847418
- author: smosh
Coldplay - Paradise
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
http://wn.com/Coldplay_Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 205053319
- author: ColdplayVEVO
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
http://wn.com/Radioactive_Lindsey_Stirling_and_Pentatonix_Imagine_Dragons_Cover
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
- published: 12 Mar 2013
- views: 13877970
- author: lindseystomp
How Girls Fall Asleep
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
http://wn.com/How_Girls_Fall_Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 11967273
- author: JennaMarbles
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
http://wn.com/My_Boyfriend_Does_My_Makeup_Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
- published: 02 Aug 2012
- views: 12796768
- author: JennaMarbles
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
http://wn.com/Mario_Bros_vs_Wright_Bros_Epic_Rap_Battles_of_History_Season_2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
- published: 17 Feb 2012
- views: 48281929
- author: ERB
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
http://wn.com/Blow_Me_One_Last_Kiss_The_Truth_About_Love_Live_From
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 1642069
- author: PinkVEVO
Los Profesores | Hola Soy German
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:21
- Updated: 08 May 2013
ojalá te guste el video, ponle "me gusta" y compartelo con tus amigos por Facebook y/o twitter, de verdad que me ayudaría demasiado :'D gracias. Segundo cana...
http://wn.com/Los_Profesores_|_Hola_Soy_German
ojalá te guste el video, ponle "me gusta" y compartelo con tus amigos por Facebook y/o twitter, de verdad que me ayudaría demasiado :'D gracias. Segundo cana...
- published: 04 Jan 2013
- views: 12580465
- author: HolaSoyGerman
SHOOTING WHILE PEPPER SPRAYED
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 08 May 2013
FPS Russia Shirts - http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 Follow me: http://twitter.com/#!/thefpshow Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia.
http://wn.com/SHOOTING_WHILE_PEPPER_SPRAYED
FPS Russia Shirts - http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 Follow me: http://twitter.com/#!/thefpshow Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia.
- published: 03 Apr 2011
- views: 11082896
- author: FPSRussia
AA-12 Fully Automatic Shotgun!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 08 May 2013
CLICK TO TWEET: http://clicktotweet.com/KCm27 Shirts Here: http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 http://www.facebook.com/FPSRUSSIA Follow me: http://twitt...
http://wn.com/AA-12_Fully_Automatic_Shotgun!!!
CLICK TO TWEET: http://clicktotweet.com/KCm27 Shirts Here: http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 http://www.facebook.com/FPSRUSSIA Follow me: http://twitt...
- published: 25 Apr 2011
- views: 33268561
- author: FPSRussia
The 40mm Machine Gun!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 08 May 2013
FPSRussia Shirts http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 My Twitter: http://twitter.com/TheFPShow My Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia Business Em...
http://wn.com/The_40mm_Machine_Gun!!!
FPSRussia Shirts http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 My Twitter: http://twitter.com/TheFPShow My Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia Business Em...
- published: 23 May 2011
- views: 12589385
- author: FPSRussia
Axel - Te Voy A Amar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by Axel performing Te Voy A Amar. (C) 2011 Universal Music Argentina S.A..
http://wn.com/Axel_Te_Voy_A_Amar
Music video by Axel performing Te Voy A Amar. (C) 2011 Universal Music Argentina S.A..
- published: 20 Jun 2011
- views: 38967035
- author: AxelVEVO
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 07 May 2013
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
http://wn.com/P!nk_Just_Give_Me_A_Reason_ft_Nate_Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 95990681
- author: PinkVEVO
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
http://wn.com/MACKLEMORE_RYAN_LEWIS_THRIFT_SHOP_FEAT_WANZ_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 288384718
- author: Ryan Lewis
Beyoncé - Love On Top
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/Beyoncé_Love_On_Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 16 Oct 2011
- views: 88741330
- author: beyonceVEVO
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
http://wn.com/Mortal_Kombat_Legacy_Season_2_Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 5222970
- author: machinima
Eminem - Not Afraid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
http://wn.com/Eminem_Not_Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 406533481
- author: EminemVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/P!nk_Try_The_Truth_About_Love_Live_From_Los_Angeles
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4233452
- author: PinkVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Stay_ft_Mikky_Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 119891526
- author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Diamonds
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 272777221
- author: RihannaVEVO
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
http://wn.com/Barack_Obama_vs_Mitt_Romney_Epic_Rap_Battles_Of_History_Season_2
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 65367724
- author: ERB
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 08 May 2013
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
http://wn.com/Draw_My_Life_Jenna_Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5690607
- author: JennaMarbles
Rihanna - Only Girl (In The World)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:11
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on February 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Only_Girl_In_The_World
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on February 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/...
- published: 12 Oct 2010
- views: 274284103
- author: RihannaVEVO
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 08 May 2013
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
http://wn.com/IF_VIDEO_GAMES_WERE_REAL_2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 15847418
- author: smosh
Coldplay - Paradise
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
http://wn.com/Coldplay_Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 205053319
- author: ColdplayVEVO
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
http://wn.com/Radioactive_Lindsey_Stirling_and_Pentatonix_Imagine_Dragons_Cover
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
- published: 12 Mar 2013
- views: 13877970
- author: lindseystomp
How Girls Fall Asleep
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
http://wn.com/How_Girls_Fall_Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 11967273
- author: JennaMarbles
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
http://wn.com/My_Boyfriend_Does_My_Makeup_Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
- published: 02 Aug 2012
- views: 12796768
- author: JennaMarbles
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
http://wn.com/Mario_Bros_vs_Wright_Bros_Epic_Rap_Battles_of_History_Season_2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
- published: 17 Feb 2012
- views: 48281929
- author: ERB
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
http://wn.com/Blow_Me_One_Last_Kiss_The_Truth_About_Love_Live_From
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 1642069
- author: PinkVEVO
Los Profesores | Hola Soy German
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:21
- Updated: 08 May 2013
ojalá te guste el video, ponle "me gusta" y compartelo con tus amigos por Facebook y/o twitter, de verdad que me ayudaría demasiado :'D gracias. Segundo cana...
http://wn.com/Los_Profesores_|_Hola_Soy_German
ojalá te guste el video, ponle "me gusta" y compartelo con tus amigos por Facebook y/o twitter, de verdad que me ayudaría demasiado :'D gracias. Segundo cana...
- published: 04 Jan 2013
- views: 12580465
- author: HolaSoyGerman
SHOOTING WHILE PEPPER SPRAYED
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 08 May 2013
FPS Russia Shirts - http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 Follow me: http://twitter.com/#!/thefpshow Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia.
http://wn.com/SHOOTING_WHILE_PEPPER_SPRAYED
FPS Russia Shirts - http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 Follow me: http://twitter.com/#!/thefpshow Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia.
- published: 03 Apr 2011
- views: 11082896
- author: FPSRussia
AA-12 Fully Automatic Shotgun!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 08 May 2013
CLICK TO TWEET: http://clicktotweet.com/KCm27 Shirts Here: http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 http://www.facebook.com/FPSRUSSIA Follow me: http://twitt...
http://wn.com/AA-12_Fully_Automatic_Shotgun!!!
CLICK TO TWEET: http://clicktotweet.com/KCm27 Shirts Here: http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 http://www.facebook.com/FPSRUSSIA Follow me: http://twitt...
- published: 25 Apr 2011
- views: 33268561
- author: FPSRussia
The 40mm Machine Gun!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 08 May 2013
FPSRussia Shirts http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 My Twitter: http://twitter.com/TheFPShow My Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia Business Em...
http://wn.com/The_40mm_Machine_Gun!!!
FPSRussia Shirts http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 My Twitter: http://twitter.com/TheFPShow My Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia Business Em...
- published: 23 May 2011
- views: 12589385
- author: FPSRussia
Axel - Te Voy A Amar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by Axel performing Te Voy A Amar. (C) 2011 Universal Music Argentina S.A..
http://wn.com/Axel_Te_Voy_A_Amar
Music video by Axel performing Te Voy A Amar. (C) 2011 Universal Music Argentina S.A..
- published: 20 Jun 2011
- views: 38967035
- author: AxelVEVO
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 07 May 2013
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
http://wn.com/P!nk_Just_Give_Me_A_Reason_ft_Nate_Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 95990681
- author: PinkVEVO
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
http://wn.com/MACKLEMORE_RYAN_LEWIS_THRIFT_SHOP_FEAT_WANZ_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 288384718
- author: Ryan Lewis
Beyoncé - Love On Top
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/Beyoncé_Love_On_Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 16 Oct 2011
- views: 88741330
- author: beyonceVEVO
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
http://wn.com/Mortal_Kombat_Legacy_Season_2_Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 5222970
- author: machinima
Eminem - Not Afraid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
http://wn.com/Eminem_Not_Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 406533481
- author: EminemVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/P!nk_Try_The_Truth_About_Love_Live_From_Los_Angeles
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4233452
- author: PinkVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Stay_ft_Mikky_Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 119891526
- author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Diamonds
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 272777221
- author: RihannaVEVO
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
http://wn.com/Barack_Obama_vs_Mitt_Romney_Epic_Rap_Battles_Of_History_Season_2
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 65367724
- author: ERB
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 08 May 2013
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
http://wn.com/Draw_My_Life_Jenna_Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5690607
- author: JennaMarbles
Rihanna - Only Girl (In The World)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:11
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on February 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Only_Girl_In_The_World
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on February 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/...
- published: 12 Oct 2010
- views: 274284103
- author: RihannaVEVO
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 08 May 2013
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
http://wn.com/IF_VIDEO_GAMES_WERE_REAL_2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 15847418
- author: smosh
Coldplay - Paradise
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
http://wn.com/Coldplay_Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 205053319
- author: ColdplayVEVO
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
http://wn.com/Radioactive_Lindsey_Stirling_and_Pentatonix_Imagine_Dragons_Cover
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
- published: 12 Mar 2013
- views: 13877970
- author: lindseystomp
How Girls Fall Asleep
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
http://wn.com/How_Girls_Fall_Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 11967273
- author: JennaMarbles
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
http://wn.com/My_Boyfriend_Does_My_Makeup_Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
- published: 02 Aug 2012
- views: 12796768
- author: JennaMarbles
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
http://wn.com/Mario_Bros_vs_Wright_Bros_Epic_Rap_Battles_of_History_Season_2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
- published: 17 Feb 2012
- views: 48281929
- author: ERB
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
http://wn.com/Blow_Me_One_Last_Kiss_The_Truth_About_Love_Live_From
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 1642069
- author: PinkVEVO
Los Profesores | Hola Soy German
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:21
- Updated: 08 May 2013
ojalá te guste el video, ponle "me gusta" y compartelo con tus amigos por Facebook y/o twitter, de verdad que me ayudaría demasiado :'D gracias. Segundo cana...
http://wn.com/Los_Profesores_|_Hola_Soy_German
ojalá te guste el video, ponle "me gusta" y compartelo con tus amigos por Facebook y/o twitter, de verdad que me ayudaría demasiado :'D gracias. Segundo cana...
- published: 04 Jan 2013
- views: 12580465
- author: HolaSoyGerman
SHOOTING WHILE PEPPER SPRAYED
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 08 May 2013
FPS Russia Shirts - http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 Follow me: http://twitter.com/#!/thefpshow Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia.
http://wn.com/SHOOTING_WHILE_PEPPER_SPRAYED
FPS Russia Shirts - http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 Follow me: http://twitter.com/#!/thefpshow Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia.
- published: 03 Apr 2011
- views: 11082896
- author: FPSRussia
AA-12 Fully Automatic Shotgun!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 08 May 2013
CLICK TO TWEET: http://clicktotweet.com/KCm27 Shirts Here: http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 http://www.facebook.com/FPSRUSSIA Follow me: http://twitt...
http://wn.com/AA-12_Fully_Automatic_Shotgun!!!
CLICK TO TWEET: http://clicktotweet.com/KCm27 Shirts Here: http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 http://www.facebook.com/FPSRUSSIA Follow me: http://twitt...
- published: 25 Apr 2011
- views: 33268561
- author: FPSRussia
The 40mm Machine Gun!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 08 May 2013
FPSRussia Shirts http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 My Twitter: http://twitter.com/TheFPShow My Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia Business Em...
http://wn.com/The_40mm_Machine_Gun!!!
FPSRussia Shirts http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 My Twitter: http://twitter.com/TheFPShow My Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia Business Em...
- published: 23 May 2011
- views: 12589385
- author: FPSRussia
Axel - Te Voy A Amar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Music video by Axel performing Te Voy A Amar. (C) 2011 Universal Music Argentina S.A..
http://wn.com/Axel_Te_Voy_A_Amar
Music video by Axel performing Te Voy A Amar. (C) 2011 Universal Music Argentina S.A..
- published: 20 Jun 2011
- views: 38967035
- author: AxelVEVO
4:03
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/ta...
published: 05 Feb 2013
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 95990681
- author: PinkVEVO
3:53
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id55...
published: 29 Aug 2012
author: Ryan Lewis
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 288384718
- author: Ryan Lewis
3:17
Beyoncé - Love On Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment....
published: 16 Oct 2011
author: beyonceVEVO
Beyoncé - Love On Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 16 Oct 2011
- views: 88741330
- author: beyonceVEVO
2:15
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I ...
published: 18 Feb 2013
author: machinima
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 5222970
- author: machinima
4:19
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on ...
published: 05 Jun 2010
author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 406533481
- author: EminemVEVO
4:31
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 201...
published: 18 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4233452
- author: PinkVEVO
4:08
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by R...
published: 12 Feb 2013
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 119891526
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:43
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/Un...
published: 09 Nov 2012
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 272777221
- author: RihannaVEVO
3:30
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7g...
published: 15 Oct 2012
author: ERB
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 65367724
- author: ERB
8:29
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WAN...
published: 28 Mar 2013
author: JennaMarbles
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5690607
- author: JennaMarbles
4:11
Rihanna - Only Girl (In The World)
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Mu...
published: 12 Oct 2010
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Only Girl (In The World)
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on February 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/...
- published: 12 Oct 2010
- views: 274284103
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:16
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHz...
published: 13 Apr 2012
author: smosh
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 15847418
- author: smosh
4:21
Coldplay - Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by M...
published: 19 Oct 2011
author: ColdplayVEVO
Coldplay - Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 205053319
- author: ColdplayVEVO
4:25
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=63705...
published: 12 Mar 2013
author: lindseystomp
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
- published: 12 Mar 2013
- views: 13877970
- author: lindseystomp
Vimeo results:
2:22
beet cake
song: "babe" - evenings
There is something beautiful about the baking process. The way fl...
published: 25 May 2011
author: tiger in a jar
beet cake
song: "babe" - evenings
There is something beautiful about the baking process. The way flour feels in your hands or the sound of eggs cracking on the edge of a bowl. Baking is a gathering of interesting materials, a mixed medium art piece of sorts, that ends in a cake instead of a canvas.
Thank you for your compliments. We have not been able to respond to comments for some reason (still trying to figure it out....) but here is some general info.
We shot this with a Canon 5D and 7D with EF 50mm f1.4 USM and EF 24-105mm f4L IS. We edited in Final Cut Pro and colored in Color and FCP. We wrote out the titles and edited them in Photoshop.
And yes, the beet cake is delicious!
2:48
Flour Fusion: Real Particles
Experimenting with real Particles.
More: http://VideoCopilot.net/blog...
published: 07 Sep 2011
author: Andrew Kramer
Flour Fusion: Real Particles
Experimenting with real Particles.
More: http://VideoCopilot.net/blog
3:21
the art of making bread
song: "oil thumbprints" - bexar bexar...
published: 07 Nov 2011
author: tiger in a jar
the art of making bread
song: "oil thumbprints" - bexar bexar
4:14
Jesse & Joy- "Chocolate"
WARNER MUSIC 2010
WATCH THE BEHIND THE SCENES HERE: http://vimeo.com/9758804
During the ...
published: 25 Feb 2010
author: Carlos Lopez Estrada
Jesse & Joy- "Chocolate"
WARNER MUSIC 2010
WATCH THE BEHIND THE SCENES HERE: http://vimeo.com/9758804
During the first month of the year 2010, a group of 9 brave soldiers worked for 30 days straight, without seeing the light of day inside a secret dungeon located in Los Angeles, California. Their task was to gather 90 handmade cookies, sugar, milk, flour, chocolate, eggs and dough; and utilize them to create a 4 minute stop motion video for a foreign artist whose lyrics still remain unknown. They disappeared for 6 weeks and just recently emerged out of the darkness with a small floppy disk containing this:
The Official music video for Chocolate!!!
Please watch while enjoying a cold glass of fresh milk.
Youtube results:
2:11
How Girls Fall Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet th...
published: 22 Nov 2012
author: JennaMarbles
How Girls Fall Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 11967273
- author: JennaMarbles
9:27
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday...
published: 02 Aug 2012
author: JennaMarbles
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
- published: 02 Aug 2012
- views: 12796768
- author: JennaMarbles
1:46
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotw...
published: 17 Feb 2012
author: ERB
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
- published: 17 Feb 2012
- views: 48281929
- author: ERB
4:40
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From L...
published: 18 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 1642069
- author: PinkVEVO
4:03
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/ta...
published: 05 Feb 2013
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 95990681
- author: PinkVEVO
3:53
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id55...
published: 29 Aug 2012
author: Ryan Lewis
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 288384718
- author: Ryan Lewis
3:17
Beyoncé - Love On Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment....
published: 16 Oct 2011
author: beyonceVEVO
Beyoncé - Love On Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 16 Oct 2011
- views: 88741330
- author: beyonceVEVO
2:15
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I ...
published: 18 Feb 2013
author: machinima
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 5222970
- author: machinima
4:19
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on ...
published: 05 Jun 2010
author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 406533481
- author: EminemVEVO
4:31
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 201...
published: 18 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4233452
- author: PinkVEVO
4:08
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by R...
published: 12 Feb 2013
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 119891526
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:48
FUNNY GAMING MONTAGE
I'm just a guy from Sweden who likes to laugh and make other people laugh. Sharing gaming ...
published: 03 Feb 2013
author: PewDiePie
FUNNY GAMING MONTAGE
I'm just a guy from Sweden who likes to laugh and make other people laugh. Sharing gaming moments on YouTube with my bros! Why not join us? :D Become a bro t...
- published: 03 Feb 2013
- views: 11916023
- author: PewDiePie
4:43
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/Un...
published: 09 Nov 2012
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 272777221
- author: RihannaVEVO
3:30
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7g...
published: 15 Oct 2012
author: ERB
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 65367724
- author: ERB
8:29
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WAN...
published: 28 Mar 2013
author: JennaMarbles
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5690607
- author: JennaMarbles
4:16
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHz...
published: 13 Apr 2012
author: smosh
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 15847418
- author: smosh
4:21
Coldplay - Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by M...
published: 19 Oct 2011
author: ColdplayVEVO
Coldplay - Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 205053319
- author: ColdplayVEVO
4:25
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=63705...
published: 12 Mar 2013
author: lindseystomp
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
- published: 12 Mar 2013
- views: 13877970
- author: lindseystomp
Vimeo results:
2:22
beet cake
song: "babe" - evenings
There is something beautiful about the baking process. The way fl...
published: 25 May 2011
author: tiger in a jar
beet cake
song: "babe" - evenings
There is something beautiful about the baking process. The way flour feels in your hands or the sound of eggs cracking on the edge of a bowl. Baking is a gathering of interesting materials, a mixed medium art piece of sorts, that ends in a cake instead of a canvas.
Thank you for your compliments. We have not been able to respond to comments for some reason (still trying to figure it out....) but here is some general info.
We shot this with a Canon 5D and 7D with EF 50mm f1.4 USM and EF 24-105mm f4L IS. We edited in Final Cut Pro and colored in Color and FCP. We wrote out the titles and edited them in Photoshop.
And yes, the beet cake is delicious!
2:48
Flour Fusion: Real Particles
Experimenting with real Particles.
More: http://VideoCopilot.net/blog...
published: 07 Sep 2011
author: Andrew Kramer
Flour Fusion: Real Particles
Experimenting with real Particles.
More: http://VideoCopilot.net/blog
3:21
the art of making bread
song: "oil thumbprints" - bexar bexar...
published: 07 Nov 2011
author: tiger in a jar
the art of making bread
song: "oil thumbprints" - bexar bexar
4:14
Jesse & Joy- "Chocolate"
WARNER MUSIC 2010
WATCH THE BEHIND THE SCENES HERE: http://vimeo.com/9758804
During the ...
published: 25 Feb 2010
author: Carlos Lopez Estrada
Jesse & Joy- "Chocolate"
WARNER MUSIC 2010
WATCH THE BEHIND THE SCENES HERE: http://vimeo.com/9758804
During the first month of the year 2010, a group of 9 brave soldiers worked for 30 days straight, without seeing the light of day inside a secret dungeon located in Los Angeles, California. Their task was to gather 90 handmade cookies, sugar, milk, flour, chocolate, eggs and dough; and utilize them to create a 4 minute stop motion video for a foreign artist whose lyrics still remain unknown. They disappeared for 6 weeks and just recently emerged out of the darkness with a small floppy disk containing this:
The Official music video for Chocolate!!!
Please watch while enjoying a cold glass of fresh milk.
Youtube results:
2:11
How Girls Fall Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet th...
published: 22 Nov 2012
author: JennaMarbles
How Girls Fall Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 11967273
- author: JennaMarbles
9:27
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday...
published: 02 Aug 2012
author: JennaMarbles
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
- published: 02 Aug 2012
- views: 12796768
- author: JennaMarbles
1:46
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotw...
published: 17 Feb 2012
author: ERB
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
- published: 17 Feb 2012
- views: 48281929
- author: ERB
4:40
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From L...
published: 18 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 1642069
- author: PinkVEVO
4:03
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/ta...
published: 05 Feb 2013
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 95990681
- author: PinkVEVO
3:53
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id55...
published: 29 Aug 2012
author: Ryan Lewis
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 288384718
- author: Ryan Lewis
3:17
Beyoncé - Love On Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment....
published: 16 Oct 2011
author: beyonceVEVO
Beyoncé - Love On Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 16 Oct 2011
- views: 88741330
- author: beyonceVEVO
2:15
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I ...
published: 18 Feb 2013
author: machinima
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 5222970
- author: machinima
4:19
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on ...
published: 05 Jun 2010
author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 406533481
- author: EminemVEVO
4:31
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 201...
published: 18 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4233452
- author: PinkVEVO
4:08
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by R...
published: 12 Feb 2013
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 119891526
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:43
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/Un...
published: 09 Nov 2012
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 272777221
- author: RihannaVEVO
3:30
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7g...
published: 15 Oct 2012
author: ERB
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 65367724
- author: ERB
8:29
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WAN...
published: 28 Mar 2013
author: JennaMarbles
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5690607
- author: JennaMarbles
4:11
Rihanna - Only Girl (In The World)
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Mu...
published: 12 Oct 2010
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Only Girl (In The World)
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on February 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/...
- published: 12 Oct 2010
- views: 274284103
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:16
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHz...
published: 13 Apr 2012
author: smosh
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 15847418
- author: smosh
4:21
Coldplay - Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by M...
published: 19 Oct 2011
author: ColdplayVEVO
Coldplay - Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 205053319
- author: ColdplayVEVO
4:25
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=63705...
published: 12 Mar 2013
author: lindseystomp
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
- published: 12 Mar 2013
- views: 13877970
- author: lindseystomp
Vimeo results:
2:22
beet cake
song: "babe" - evenings
There is something beautiful about the baking process. The way fl...
published: 25 May 2011
author: tiger in a jar
beet cake
song: "babe" - evenings
There is something beautiful about the baking process. The way flour feels in your hands or the sound of eggs cracking on the edge of a bowl. Baking is a gathering of interesting materials, a mixed medium art piece of sorts, that ends in a cake instead of a canvas.
Thank you for your compliments. We have not been able to respond to comments for some reason (still trying to figure it out....) but here is some general info.
We shot this with a Canon 5D and 7D with EF 50mm f1.4 USM and EF 24-105mm f4L IS. We edited in Final Cut Pro and colored in Color and FCP. We wrote out the titles and edited them in Photoshop.
And yes, the beet cake is delicious!
2:48
Flour Fusion: Real Particles
Experimenting with real Particles.
More: http://VideoCopilot.net/blog...
published: 07 Sep 2011
author: Andrew Kramer
Flour Fusion: Real Particles
Experimenting with real Particles.
More: http://VideoCopilot.net/blog
3:21
the art of making bread
song: "oil thumbprints" - bexar bexar...
published: 07 Nov 2011
author: tiger in a jar
the art of making bread
song: "oil thumbprints" - bexar bexar
4:14
Jesse & Joy- "Chocolate"
WARNER MUSIC 2010
WATCH THE BEHIND THE SCENES HERE: http://vimeo.com/9758804
During the ...
published: 25 Feb 2010
author: Carlos Lopez Estrada
Jesse & Joy- "Chocolate"
WARNER MUSIC 2010
WATCH THE BEHIND THE SCENES HERE: http://vimeo.com/9758804
During the first month of the year 2010, a group of 9 brave soldiers worked for 30 days straight, without seeing the light of day inside a secret dungeon located in Los Angeles, California. Their task was to gather 90 handmade cookies, sugar, milk, flour, chocolate, eggs and dough; and utilize them to create a 4 minute stop motion video for a foreign artist whose lyrics still remain unknown. They disappeared for 6 weeks and just recently emerged out of the darkness with a small floppy disk containing this:
The Official music video for Chocolate!!!
Please watch while enjoying a cold glass of fresh milk.
Youtube results:
2:11
How Girls Fall Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet th...
published: 22 Nov 2012
author: JennaMarbles
How Girls Fall Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 11967273
- author: JennaMarbles
9:27
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday...
published: 02 Aug 2012
author: JennaMarbles
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
- published: 02 Aug 2012
- views: 12796768
- author: JennaMarbles
1:46
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotw...
published: 17 Feb 2012
author: ERB
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
- published: 17 Feb 2012
- views: 48281929
- author: ERB
4:40
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From L...
published: 18 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 1642069
- author: PinkVEVO
4:03
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/ta...
published: 05 Feb 2013
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 95990681
- author: PinkVEVO
3:53
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id55...
published: 29 Aug 2012
author: Ryan Lewis
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 288384718
- author: Ryan Lewis
3:17
Beyoncé - Love On Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment....
published: 16 Oct 2011
author: beyonceVEVO
Beyoncé - Love On Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 16 Oct 2011
- views: 88741330
- author: beyonceVEVO
2:15
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I ...
published: 18 Feb 2013
author: machinima
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 5222970
- author: machinima
4:19
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on ...
published: 05 Jun 2010
author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 406533481
- author: EminemVEVO
4:31
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 201...
published: 18 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4233452
- author: PinkVEVO
4:08
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by R...
published: 12 Feb 2013
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 119891526
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:43
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/Un...
published: 09 Nov 2012
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 272777221
- author: RihannaVEVO
3:30
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7g...
published: 15 Oct 2012
author: ERB
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 65367724
- author: ERB
8:29
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WAN...
published: 28 Mar 2013
author: JennaMarbles
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5690607
- author: JennaMarbles
4:11
Rihanna - Only Girl (In The World)
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Mu...
published: 12 Oct 2010
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Only Girl (In The World)
Music video by Rihanna performing Only Girl (In The World). (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on February 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/...
- published: 12 Oct 2010
- views: 274284103
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:16
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHz...
published: 13 Apr 2012
author: smosh
IF VIDEO GAMES WERE REAL 2
BLOOPERS & PAC MAN+PONG: http://bit.ly/vg2XTRAS WATCH EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/Os1npZHzudw WATCH PART 1 w/ SUPER MARIO, ZELDA, + MORE: http://youtu.be/9bK...
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 15847418
- author: smosh
4:21
Coldplay - Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by M...
published: 19 Oct 2011
author: ColdplayVEVO
Coldplay - Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 205053319
- author: ColdplayVEVO
4:25
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=63705...
published: 12 Mar 2013
author: lindseystomp
Radioactive - Lindsey Stirling and Pentatonix (Imagine Dragons Cover)
Buy this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/radioactive/id637055735?i=637055958&ign-mpt;=uo%3D4 https://www.facebook.com/lindseystirlingmusic h...
- published: 12 Mar 2013
- views: 13877970
- author: lindseystomp
Vimeo results:
2:22
beet cake
song: "babe" - evenings
There is something beautiful about the baking process. The way fl...
published: 25 May 2011
author: tiger in a jar
beet cake
song: "babe" - evenings
There is something beautiful about the baking process. The way flour feels in your hands or the sound of eggs cracking on the edge of a bowl. Baking is a gathering of interesting materials, a mixed medium art piece of sorts, that ends in a cake instead of a canvas.
Thank you for your compliments. We have not been able to respond to comments for some reason (still trying to figure it out....) but here is some general info.
We shot this with a Canon 5D and 7D with EF 50mm f1.4 USM and EF 24-105mm f4L IS. We edited in Final Cut Pro and colored in Color and FCP. We wrote out the titles and edited them in Photoshop.
And yes, the beet cake is delicious!
2:48
Flour Fusion: Real Particles
Experimenting with real Particles.
More: http://VideoCopilot.net/blog...
published: 07 Sep 2011
author: Andrew Kramer
Flour Fusion: Real Particles
Experimenting with real Particles.
More: http://VideoCopilot.net/blog
3:21
the art of making bread
song: "oil thumbprints" - bexar bexar...
published: 07 Nov 2011
author: tiger in a jar
the art of making bread
song: "oil thumbprints" - bexar bexar
4:14
Jesse & Joy- "Chocolate"
WARNER MUSIC 2010
WATCH THE BEHIND THE SCENES HERE: http://vimeo.com/9758804
During the ...
published: 25 Feb 2010
author: Carlos Lopez Estrada
Jesse & Joy- "Chocolate"
WARNER MUSIC 2010
WATCH THE BEHIND THE SCENES HERE: http://vimeo.com/9758804
During the first month of the year 2010, a group of 9 brave soldiers worked for 30 days straight, without seeing the light of day inside a secret dungeon located in Los Angeles, California. Their task was to gather 90 handmade cookies, sugar, milk, flour, chocolate, eggs and dough; and utilize them to create a 4 minute stop motion video for a foreign artist whose lyrics still remain unknown. They disappeared for 6 weeks and just recently emerged out of the darkness with a small floppy disk containing this:
The Official music video for Chocolate!!!
Please watch while enjoying a cold glass of fresh milk.
Youtube results:
2:11
How Girls Fall Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet th...
published: 22 Nov 2012
author: JennaMarbles
How Girls Fall Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 11967273
- author: JennaMarbles
9:27
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday...
published: 02 Aug 2012
author: JennaMarbles
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles Jenna...
- published: 02 Aug 2012
- views: 12796768
- author: JennaMarbles
1:46
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotw...
published: 17 Feb 2012
author: ERB
Mario Bros vs Wright Bros. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/MarioRap Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/c534e This. Is. Merchandise: http://bit.ly/ERBMerch Hi. My ...
- published: 17 Feb 2012
- views: 48281929
- author: ERB
4:40
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From L...
published: 18 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 1642069
- author: PinkVEVO
photo: AP / Mark Duncan
07 May 2013
Amanda Berry, left, and Gina DeJesus right, both went missing as teens a decade ago. (Getty Images, APF / FBI). CLEVELAND — Three women who went missing separately about a decade ago, when they were in their teens or early 20s, had been tied up but were found alive Monday in a residential area just south of downtown, and three brothers were arrested, police said ... "Help me, I'm Amanda Berry ... I need police ... ... I'm Amanda Berry ... ....(size: 5.5Kb)
photo: AP / Nelson Salting
07 May 2013
Posted. May 7, 2013. A Philippine volcano killed at least five climbers and injured more than a dozen others after it spewed huge rocks and ash just after daybreak on Tuesday. Officials announced the deaths as rescue teams and helicopters rushed to Mayon volcano to bring out the dead and rescue the remaining hikers ... Some of the boulders were the size of living rooms ... Jesalva reported rushing back to the closest base camp to call for help....(size: 2.7Kb)
photo: AP Photo/Baz Ratner
05 May 2013
BEIRUT -- A look at the reasons for and possible implications of the escalation of Israel's involvement in Syria's civil war. WHY NOW?. Israel has said repeatedly it does not want to get dragged into Syria's civil war but has also warned that it will not allow so-called "game-changing" sophisticated weapons to flow across the border to Lebanon's Hezbollah, an Islamic militant group allied with the Syrian regime ... WHAT IS THE U.S. VIEW? ... ....(size: 15.2Kb)
photo: USMC / Cpl Daniel Wulz
07 May 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When it was announced that the Taliban in Afghanistan had again launched another spring offensive against U.S. forces, the twelfth one since 2001, it was reminiscent of Bernard Fall, a prominent war correspondent and expert on Indochina. He referred to the desperate and horrific battle of Dien Bien Phu as. "Hell in a very small place." ... lost its colony in Iran ... 11, 2001 despite U.S....(size: 5.1Kb)
photo: AP
07 May 2013
There was tight security around the courthouse as the NSU trial began in Munich on Monday. The case was later adjourned for one week after defense lawyers questioned the impartiality of the judges. It is the biggest trial on far-right extremism in Germany since World War II, centering on Beate Zschäpe and the National Socialist Underground (NSU) neo-Nazi group she allegedly co-founded ... Just one incident required police intervention ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)
The News & Observer
08 May 2013
The dough itself is pretty basic, enriched with olive oil and a little whole-wheat flour – not so much that it brings to mind words like “fiber” or “healthful,” but enough to increase complexity ... Stir in all-purpose and whole-wheat flour until a soft dough forms. (You may need to add more all-purpose flour.). TURN dough out onto a floured surface ... Add more all-purpose flour if dough feels very sticky....(size: 6.0Kb)
Houston Chronicle
08 May 2013
Maternal connection ... She learned how to make that pound cake as a small girl in her grandmother's kitchen ... Nonstick cooking spray with flour. 3 cups all-purpose flour ... ¼ cup whole milk ... In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder and salt ... Reduce the mixer speed to low and alternately add the flour mixture and the milk to the butter mixture, beginning and ending with the flour mixture and mixing until well incorporated ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
The News & Observer
08 May 2013
Butter for greasing the cake pan 3 cups flour, plus more for dusting the cake pan 1 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon baking soda 1 1/2 cups vegetable oil 2 cups sugar 3 eggs well beaten 2 teaspoons vanilla 3 cups finely chopped fresh apples 1 cup chopped pecans ... Grease and flour a tube pan or bundt cake pan ... SIFT flour, salt and baking soda together in a large bowl....(size: 4.7Kb)
The News & Observer
08 May 2013
It sometimes consists of just flour and water, though No ... Kord’s recipe calls for tempura flour – a specially formulated blend of wheat flour, rice or tapioca starch, and leaveners – but all-purpose flour combined with a little bit of baking powder is a virtually indistinguishable substitute ... Combine the flour, baking powder and 1 teaspoon salt in a large bowl....(size: 5.6Kb)
Sacramento Bee
08 May 2013
Time. 1 hour, 15 minutes plus 1 hour chilling. Serves 8. Recipe from the Los Angeles Times. INGREDIENTS. 1 1/4 cups flour. 1/2 cup toasted blanched almonds, ground fine ... 1/2 teaspoon salt ... To make the crust, combine the flour, ground almonds, 3 tablespoons sugar and the salt in a bowl ... Make a well in the center of the flour mixture and pour in the egg yolk mixture ... Roll the dough out on a well-floured surface to about a 3/8-inch thickness....(size: 2.7Kb)
Sacramento Bee
08 May 2013
Prep time. 30 minutes. Cook time. 30 minutes. Serves 6. The best way to serve cobbler is warm from the oven with a splash of cream or a scoop of vanilla ice cream on top ... INGREDIENTS. Filling. ... 1 tablespoon all-purpose flour ... 3/4 cup all-purpose flour ... Sift together flour, baking powder and soda, salt and 1 teaspoon sugar in a bowl....(size: 1.8Kb)
Houston Chronicle
08 May 2013
Maternal connection. "This cake was the first thing I learned to bake with my grandmother," says author Cheryl Day ... 3 cups cake flour (not self-rising). 4 cups sugar ... 1 cup canola oil ... Lightly flour pans, tapping out excess. In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with paddle attachment (or in a large mixing bowl, using a handheld mixer) combine flour, sugar, baking soda and salt. Let the mixer run on low speed for 2-3 minutes to aerate flour ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)
The News & Observer
08 May 2013
Add 1/2 cup flour and cook, stirring occasionally, 2 minutes ... IN a large bowl, whisk together 3 cups flour, the baking powder and 1 1/2 teaspoons salt. Cut remaining 10 tablespoons butter into cubes; using a pastry cutter or 2 forks, mix into flour until mixture forms coarse crumbs....(size: 7.1Kb)
Baltimore Sun
08 May 2013
Steve Frazer from Reisterstown was looking for the recipe for the chocolate chip cake that used to be sold at Miller's Delicatessen in Northwest Baltimore in the 1970s. He remembers that it was a very dense cake and most likely made with sour cream with an abundance of tiny chocolate chips and a sugary crunchy topping ... Unfortunately, I had no luck locating the bakery ... REQUESTS. ... 2 eggs ... 2 cups flour ... Sift together flour and baking powder ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)
The Dallas Morning News
08 May 2013
Make-ahead macaroon squares are quick, tasty and worthy of giving as a gift. They’re also ideal for a spring picnic. CHOCOLATE MACAROON SQUARES. 4 eggs, lightly beaten. 1 1/2 cups firmly packed light brown sugar. 1/2 cup flour. 2 2/3 cups flaked coconut. 1 (12-ounce) package semisweet chocolate morsels. Preheat oven to 375 F ... Combine eggs, sugar and flour in a large bowl, stirring until thoroughly blended ... Bake for 20 to 25 minutes ... PER COOKIE....(size: 5.2Kb)
The Times of India
08 May 2013
MUMBAI. Stores across Mumbai, Thane and Navi Mumbai will continue to remain closed for business on Wednesday over implementation of the local body tax (LBT) ... "I stocked up flour, sugar and eggs in case shops in my area close over the next few days," said a resident of Pali Naka, Bandra ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
MSNBC
08 May 2013
CORPUS CHRISTI -- The trial is now underway for Donna Taylor, the woman charged with the murder of a 55-year-old man at a Flour Bluff trailer park last January. Testimony started with witnesses who lived in the community at the same time. Taylor is facing life behind bars if found guilty of murdering Floyd Scroggin Jr. Police say Scroggin died after he was shot in the neck inside a trailer home, where the two lived ... Advertise ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
Springfield News-Sun
08 May 2013
If you've been to a grocery store's dairy aisle lately, you've probably picked up on the fact that Greek yogurt is becoming pretty darn popular. At Greatist, we think this stardom is well earned. We consider the stuff a superfood thanks to its high protein and probiotic content ... Breakfast. 1. Greek Yogurt Pancakes ... To increase the health “oomph” even more, substitute in whole-wheat pastry flour. 2 ... 3. Yogurt Breakfast Bowl ... 4 ... 5 ... 6 ... 7 ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
For other uses, see Flour (disambiguation).
Flour is a powder which is made by grinding cereal grains, other seeds or roots (like Cassava). It is the main ingredient of bread, which is a staple food for many cultures, making the availability of adequate supplies of flour a major economic and political issue at various times throughout history. Wheat flour is one of the most important foods in European, North American, Middle Eastern and North African cultures, and is the defining ingredient in most of their styles of breads and pastries. Maize flour has been important in Mesoamerican cuisine since ancient times, and remains a staple in much of Latin American cuisine.[citation needed] Rye flour is an important constituent of bread in much of central/northern Europe.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
The word "flour" is originally a variant of the word "flower". Both derive from the Old French fleur or flour, which had the literal meaning "blossom," and a figurative meaning "the finest." The phrase "fleur de farine" meant "the finest part of the meal," since flour resulted from the elimination of coarse and unwanted matter from the grain during milling.[1]
History[link]
Main article: Wheat
It was discovered around 9000 BC that wheat seeds could be crushed between simple millstones to make flour.[2] The Romans were the first to grind seeds on cone mills. In 1879, at the beginning of the Industrial Era, the first steam mill was erected in London.[3] In the 1930s, some flour began to be enriched with iron, niacin, thiamine and riboflavin. In the 1940s, mills started to enrich flour and folic acid was added to the list in the 1990s.
Degermed and heat-processed flour[link]
An important problem of the industrial revolution was the preservation of flour. Transportation distances and a relatively slow distribution system collided with natural shelf life. The reason for the limited shelf life is the fatty acids of the germ, which react from the moment they are exposed to oxygen. This occurs when grain is milled; the fatty acids oxidize and flour starts to become rancid. Depending on climate and grain quality, this process takes six to nine months. In the late 19th century, this process was too short for an industrial production and distribution cycle. As vitamins, micro nutrients and amino acids were completely or relatively unknown in the late 19th century, removing the germ was a brilliant solution. Without the germ, flour cannot become rancid. Degermed flour became standard. Degermation started in densely populated areas and took approximately one generation to reach the countryside. Heat-processed flour is flour where the germ is first separated from the endosperm and bran, then processed with steam, dry heat or microwave and blended into flour again.[4]
The FDA has been advised by several cookie dough manufacturers that they have implemented the use of heat-treated flour for their ready-to-bake cookie dough products" to reduce the risk of E. coli contamination.[5]
Production[link]
Milling of flour is accomplished by grinding grain between stones or steel wheels. Today, "stone-ground" usually means that the grain has been ground in a mill in which a revolving stone wheel turns over a stationary stone wheel, vertically or horizontally with the grain in between. Many small appliance mills are available, both hand-cranked and electric. The mill stones frequently rub against each other resulting in small stone particles chipping off and getting into flour, but they are removed before the flour is sold.
Modern mills[link]
Main article: Gristmill
Rollermills soon replaced stone grist mills as the production of flour has historically driven technological development, as attempts to make gristmills more productive and less labor-intensive led to the watermill[6] and windmill. These terms are now applied more broadly to uses of water and wind power for purposes other than milling.[7] More recently, the Unifine mill, an impact-type mill, was developed in the mid-20th century.
Composition[link]
Flour contains a high proportion of starches, which are a subset of complex carbohydrates also known as polysaccharides. The kinds of flour used in cooking include all-purpose flour, self-raising flour, and cake flour including bleached flour. The higher the protein content the harder and stronger the flour and will produce crusty or chewy breads. The lower the protein the softer the flour for better cakes, cookies, and pie crusts.[8]
Unbleached flour[link]
Main article: Graham flour
Unbleached flour is simply flour that has not undergone bleaching and therefore does not have the color of "white" flour. An example of this would be the Graham flour. Sylvester Graham was against using bleaching agents, which he considered unhealthy.
Bleached flour[link]
Main article: Flour bleaching agent
"Refined flour" has had the germ and bran removed and is typically referred to as "white flour". "Bleached flour" is any refined flour with a whitening agent added.
Bleached flour is artificially aged using a bleaching agent, a maturing agent, or both. A bleaching agent would affect only the carotenoids in the flour; a maturing agent affects gluten development. A maturing agent may either strengthen or weaken gluten development.
The four most common additives used as bleaching/maturing agents in the USA at this time are:
Potassium bromate (will be listed as an ingredient/additive) - a maturing agent that strengthens gluten development. Does not bleach.
Benzoyl peroxide - bleaches. Does not act as a maturing agent - no effect on gluten
Ascorbic acid (Will be listed as an ingredient/additive, but seeing it in the ingredient list may not be an indication that the flour was matured using ascorbic acid but instead has had a small amount added as a dough enhancer) - Maturing agent that strengthens gluten development. Does not bleach.
Chlorine gas - both a bleaching agent and a maturing agent, but one that weakens gluten development. Chlorination also oxidizes starches in the flour, making it easier for the flour to absorb water and swell - this makes thicker batters and stiffer doughs. For bread, this is bad (because gluten is weakened and bread is heavily dependent on gluten formation), but for cakes, cookies, and biscuits, it's a good thing, because gluten development in these types of baked goods makes them tough. The modification of starches in the flour allows the use of wetter doughs (making for a moister end product) without destroying the structure necessary for light fluffy cakes and biscuits.[9] Chlorinated flour allows cakes and other baked goods to set faster, rise better, the fat to be distributed more evenly, with less vulnerability to collapse.
Cake flours in particular are nearly always chlorinated. There is at least one flour labeled "unbleached cake flour blend" (marketed by King Arthur) that is not bleached, but the protein content is much higher than typical cake flour at about 9.4% protein (cake flour is usually around 6% to 8%). According to King Arthur, this flour is a blend of a more finely milled unbleached wheat flour and cornstarch, which makes a better end result than unbleached wheat flour alone (cornstarch is a common additive for part of the flour used in cake where actual cake flour is called for but you only have all purpose on hand). However you will still get a denser end result than real cake flour that has been more finely milled, chlorinated, and has a lower protein content in the "cake flour" range of around 6% or so.
All bleaching and maturing agents (with the possible exception of ascorbic acid) have been banned in the EU[10], making cake baking a difficult proposition as heat treated flours that mimic the effects of chlorination are to date available only to bulk bakeries. The home baker in the EU must struggle with the unbleached flours that typically do not lend themselves to the making of light fluffy cakes. At least one home baker has developed a method for heat treating flour at home to break down the starches and make it more acceptable for use in the making of cakes; this process is currently referred to as "Kate Flour" in Internet baking communities, after the woman who continues to develop the process.
Bromation of flour in the USA has fallen out of favor and while it is not yet actually banned anywhere, few retail flours available to the home baker are bromated anymore.
Many flours packaged specifically for commercial bakeries are still bromated. Retail bleached flours marketed to the home baker are now mostly either treated via peroxidation or chlorine gas. Current information from Pillsbury is that their bleached flours are treated both with benzoyl peroxide and chlorine gas. Gold Medal states that their bleached flour is either treated with benzoyl peroxide OR it's treated with chlorine gas, but there is no way to tell which process has been used when you buy the flour at the grocery store.
Some other chemicals used as Flour treatment agents to modify color and baking properties include:
- chlorine dioxide (unstable to be transported in the U.S.)
- Calcium peroxide
- Azodicarbonamide or azobisformamide (synthetic)
- Atmospheric oxygen causes natural bleaching.
Plain flour[link]
Flour that does not have a leavening agent is called plain or all-purpose flour. It is appropriate for most bread and pizza bases. Some cookies are also prepared using this type of flour. Bread flour is high in gluten protein, with 12.5-14% protein compared to 10-12% protein in all-purpose flour. The increased protein binds to the flour to entrap carbon dioxide released by the yeast fermentation process, resulting in a stronger rise.
Self-raising flour[link]
Leavening agents are used with some flours,[11] especially those with significant gluten content, to produce lighter and softer baked products by embedding small gas bubbles. Self-rising (or self-raising) flour is sold premixed with chemical leavening agents. The added ingredients are evenly distributed throughout the flour which aids a consistent rise in baked goods. This flour is generally used for preparing scones, biscuits, muffins, etc. It was invented by Henry Jones and patented in 1845. Plain flour can be used to make a type of self-rising flour although the flour will be coarser. Self-rising flour is typically composed of the following ratio:
-
- 1 cup (110 g) flour
- 1 teaspoon (3 g) baking powder
- a pinch to ½ teaspoon (1 g or less) salt
Enriched flour[link]
Main article: Enriched flour
During the process of making flour nutrients are lost. Some of these nutrients are replaced during refining and the result is "enriched flour".
Common preservatives sometimes added to commercial flour[link]
Types[link]
Wheat flour[link]
Main article: Wheat flour
More wheat flour is produced than any other flour. Wheat varieties are called "clean," "white," or "brown" or "strong" or "hard" if they have high gluten content, and they are called "soft" or "weak" flour if gluten content is low.
Other flours[link]
- Acorn flour is made from ground acorns and can be used as a substitute for wheat flour. It was used by Native Americans. Koreans also use acorn flour to make Dotorimuk
- Almond flour is made from ground almonds, suitable for people with gluten-free diets or Coeliac disease.
- Amaranth flour is a flour produced from ground amaranth grain. It was commonly used in pre-Columbian meso-American cuisine. It is becoming more and more available in speciality food shops.
- Atta flour is a whole-grain wheat flour important in Indian and Pakistani cuisine, used for a range of breads such as roti and chapati.
- Bean flour is a flour produced from pulverized dried or ripe beans.
- Brown rice flour is of great importance in Southeast Asian cuisine. Also edible rice paper can be made from it.
- Buckwheat flour is used as an ingredient in many pancakes in the United States. In Japan, it is used to make a popular noodle called soba. In Russia, buckwheat flour is added to the batter for pancakes called blinis which are frequently eaten with caviar. Buckwheat flour is also used to make crêpes bretonnes in Brittany. On Hindu fasting days (Navaratri mainly, also Maha Shivaratri), people eat items made of buckwheat flour. The preparation varies across India. The famous ones are Kuttu Ki Puri and Kuttu Pakoras. In most of northern and western states they call this Kuttu ka atta.
- Cassava flour is made from the root of the cassava plant. In a purified form (pure starch), it is called tapioca flour (see in list, below)
- Chestnut flour is popular in Corsica, the Périgord and Lunigiana for breads, cakes and pastas. It is the original ingredient for "polenta", still used as such in Corsica and other Mediterranean locations. Chestnut bread keeps fresh for as long as two weeks.[12] In other parts of Italy it is mainly used for desserts.
- Chickpea flour (also known as gram flour or besan) is of great importance in Indian cuisine, and in Italy, where it is used for the Ligurian farinata.
- Chuño flour made from dried potatoes in various countries of South America
- Coconut flour is made from ground coconut meat and has the highest fiber content of any flour, having a very low concentration of digestible carbohydrates makes an excellent choice for those looking to restrict their carbohydrate intake.
- Corn (maize) flour is popular in the Southern and Southwestern US, Mexico, Central America, and Punjab regions of India and Pakistan, where it called as Makkai Ka Atta. Coarse whole-grain corn flour is usually called corn meal. Finely ground corn flour that has been treated with food-grade lime is called masa harina (see masa) and is used to make tortillas and tamales in Mexican cooking. Corn flour should never be confused with cornstarch, which is known as "cornflour" in British English.
- Cornstarch is powdered endosperm of the corn kernel.
- Glutinous rice flour or sticky rice flour, used in east and southeast Asian cuisines for making tangyuan, etc.
- Hemp flour is produced by pressing the oil from the hemp seed, and milling the residue. Hemp seed is approximately 30% oil and 70% residue. Hemp flour doesn't rise, and is best mixed with other flours. Added to any flour by about 15-20%, it gives a spongy nutty texture and flavour with a green hue.
- Maida flour is a finely milled wheat flour used to make a wide variety of Indian breads such as paratha and naan. Maida is widely used not only in Indian cuisine but also in Central Asian and Southeast Asian cuisine.Though sometimes referred to as "all-purpose flour" by Indian chefs, it more closely resembles cake flour or even pure starch. In India, maida flour is used to make pastries and other bakery items such as bread, biscuits and toast.
- Mesquite flour is made from the dried and ground pods of the Mesquite tree which grows throughout North America in arid climates. The flour has a sweet, slightly nutty flavor and can be used in a wide variety of applications.[13]
- Noodle flour is a special blend of flour used for the making of Asian style noodles. The flour could be from wheat or rice.
- Nut flours are grated from oily nuts — most commonly almonds and hazelnuts — and are used instead of or in addition to wheat flour to produce more dry and flavourful pastries and cakes. Cakes made with nut flours are usually called tortes and most originated in Central Europe, in countries such as Hungary and Austria.
- Peasemeal or pea flour is a flour produced from roasted and pulverized yellow field peas.
- Peanut flour made from shelled/cooked peanuts is a higher protein alternative to regular flour.[14]
- Potato starch flour is obtained by grinding the tubers to a pulp and removing the fibre and protein by water-washings. Potato starch (flour) is very white starch powder used as a thickening agent. Standard (native) potato starch needs boiling, to thicken in water, giving a transparent gel. Because the flour is made from neither grain nor legume, it is used as substitute for wheat flour in cooking by Jews during Passover, when grains are not eaten.
- Potato flour, often confused with potato starch, is a peeled, cooked potato, mashed, mostly drumdried and ground potato flakes using the whole potato and thus containing the protein and some of the fibres of the potato; having an off-white slight yellowish colour. Dehydrated potatoes or instant mashed potatoes can also be granular, flakes.[15] Potato flour is cold-water soluble.
- Rice flour is ground kernels of rice. It is used in Western countries and especially for people who suffer from gluten intolerance, since rice does not contain gluten.
- Rye flour is used to bake the traditional sourdough breads of Czech Republic, Poland, Germany and Scandinavia. Most rye breads use a mix of rye and wheat flours because rye does not produce sufficient gluten. Pumpernickel bread is usually made exclusively of rye, and contains a mixture of rye flour and rye meal.
- Sorghum flour is is made from grinding whole grains of the sorghum plant. It is called jowar in India.
- Tapioca flour, produced from the root of the cassava plant, is used to make breads, pancakes, tapioca pudding, a savoury porridge called fufu in Africa, and is used as a starch.
- Teff flour is made from the grain teff, and is of considerable importance in eastern Africa (particularly around the horn of Africa). Notably, it is the chief ingredient in the bread injera, an important component of Ethiopian cuisine.
More types of flour[link]
Main article: List of edible seeds
Flour can also be made from soy beans, peanuts, arrowroot, taro, cattails, acorns, quinoa and other non-cereal foodstuffs.
Flour type numbers[link]
In some markets, the different available flour varieties are labeled according to the ash mass ("mineral content") that remains after a sample is incinerated in a laboratory oven (typically at 550 °C or 900 °C, see international standards ISO 2171 and ICC 104/1). This is an easily verified indicator for the fraction of the whole grain remains in the flour, because the mineral content of the starchy endosperm is much lower than that of the outer parts of the grain. Flour made from all parts of the grain (extraction rate: 100%) leaves about 2 g ash or more per 100 g dry flour. Plain white flour (extraction rate: 50–60%) leaves only about 0.4 g.
- German flour type numbers (Mehltypen) indicate the amount of ash (measured in milligrams) obtained from 100 g of the dry mass of this flour. Standard wheat flours (defined in DIN 10355) range from type 405 for normal white wheat flour for baking, to strong bread flour types 550, 812, and the darker types 1050 and 1600 for wholegrain breads.
- French flour type numbers (type de farine) are a factor 10 smaller than those used in Germany, because they indicate the ash content (in milligrams) per 10 g flour. Type 55 is the standard, hard-wheat white flour for baking, including puff pastries ("pâte feuilletée"). Type 45 is often called pastry flour, and is generally from a softer wheat (this corresponds to what older French texts call "farine de gruau"). Some recipes use Type 45 for croissants, for instance,[16] although many French bakers use Type 55 or a combination of Types 45 and 55.[17] Types 65, 80, and 110 are strong bread flours of increasing darkness, and type 150 is a wholemeal flour.
In the United States and the United Kingdom, no numbered standardized flour types are defined, and the ash mass is only rarely given on the label by flour manufacturers. However, the legally required standard nutrition label specifies the protein content of the flour, which is also a way for comparing the extraction rates of different available flour types.
In general, as the extraction rate of the flour increases, so do both the protein and the ash content. However, as the extraction rate approaches 100% (whole meal), the protein content drops slightly, while the ash content continues to rise.
The following table shows some typical examples of how protein and ash content relate to each other in wheat flour:
| Ash | Protein | Wheat flour type | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | German | French | Italian | ||
| ~0.4% | ~9% | pastry flour | 405 | 40 | 00 |
| ~0.55% | ~11% | all-purpose flour | 550 | 55 | 0 |
| ~0.8% | ~14% | high gluten flour | 812 | 80 | 1 |
| ~1% | ~15% | first clear flour | 1050 | 110 | 2 |
| >1.5% | ~13% | white whole wheat | 1600 | 150 | Farina integrale di grano tenero |
This table is only a rough guideline for converting bread recipes. Since flour types are not standardized in many countries, the numbers may differ between manufacturers. Note that there is no Type 40 French flour. The closest is Type 45.
It is possible to determine ash content from some US manufacturers. However, US measurements are based on wheat with a 14% moisture content. Thus, a US flour with 0.48% ash would approximate a French Type 55. For US bakers of French pastry seeking an equivalent, for example, they could look at tables published by King Arthur Flour, showing their all-purpose flour is a close equivalent to French Type 55.
Other measurable properties of flour as used in baking can be determined using a variety of specialized instruments, such as the Farinograph.
Flammability[link]
Flour dust suspended in air is explosive -- as is any mixture of a finely powdered flammable substance with air[18] (see flour bomb). Some devastating and fatal explosions have occurred at flour mills, including an explosion in 1878 at the Washburn "A" Mill in Minneapolis, the largest flour mill in the United States at the time.[19]
Products[link]
Bread, pasta, crackers, many cakes, and many other foods are made using flour. Wheat flour is also used to make a roux as a base for gravy and sauces. It is also the base for papier-mâché.
Cornstarch is a principal ingredient of many puddings or desserts.
References[link]
- ^ Palmatier, Robert Allen (2000). Food: a dictionary of literal and nonliteral terms. Westport, CT: Greenwood. p. 136. ISBN 0-313-31436-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=OqIe3YFwsFkC.
- ^ Archaeo News -Source: Eurasianet.org (2008-12-9); Published 2008-12-14
- ^ [1] -History of flour
- ^ Goldkeim - Association to promote vital flour http://www.goldkeim.com/
- ^ "Heat treated flour used in raw cookie manufacturing". http://www.oxfordjournals.org//our_journals/cid/prpaper.pdf.
- ^ [2] -Water powered grist mills
- ^ [3] -Flour enrichment
- ^ [4] Different kinds of flour -Retrieved 2011-04-15
- ^ Figoni, Paula I. (2010), How Baking Works, John Wiley & Sons, p. 86, ISBN 0-470-39267-3, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XqKF7PqV02cC
- ^ "The Bread and Flour Regulations 1998 – Guidance Notes". Food Standards Agency. 1 June 2008. http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/breadflourguide.pdf. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
- ^ Self-rising flour -Retrieved 2011-04-15
- ^ The Grocer's Encyclopedia - Encyclopedia of Foods and Beverages. By Artemas Ward. New York. 1911.
- ^ "Mesquite, the Rediscovered Food Phenomenon". http://chetday.com/mesquiteflour.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ [5] -Peanut flour
- ^ "Idaho Pacific Corporation, The best potatoes that Idaho has to offer". Idahopacific.com. http://www.idahopacific.com/index.html. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
- ^ "Supertoinette page in French on flour types". Supertoinette.com. http://www.supertoinette.com/fiche-cuisine/423/farine-de-ble.html. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
- ^ The author of this phrase has studied baking in France but has no online link to cite for this.
- ^ Williamson, George (06-02-2002). "Introduction to Dust Explosions". http://www.chemeng.ed.ac.uk/~emju49/SP2001/webpage/index.html. Retrieved 2006-10-29. [dead link]
- ^ "Washburn 'A' Mill Explosion". Minnesota Historical Society Library History Topics. http://www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/73washburn.html. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- The Bread and Flour Regulations 1998, United Kingdom.
- This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 edition of The Grocer's Encyclopedia.
Grocers
External links[link]
 |
Look up flour in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Flour |
 |
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on |
- Cooking For Engineers - Kitchen Notes: Wheat Flour
- h2g2 entry on Bread Flour
- British Nutrition Foundation - Flour Information
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/Flour
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flour
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"J.Lo" redirects here. For other uses, see J.Lo (disambiguation).
This article is about the American actress. For the meteorologist, see Jennifer Lopez (meteorologist).
| Jennifer Lopez | |
|---|---|
 Lopez arriving at the 2004 MTV Video Music Awards in August 2004 |
|
| Born | Jennifer Lynn Lopez (1969-07-24) July 24, 1969 (age 42) The Bronx, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress, businesswoman, dancer, recording artist |
| Years active | 1986–present |
| Spouse | Ojani Noa (1997–98) Cris Judd (2001–03) Marc Anthony (2004–present, divorce filed) |
| Partner | David Cruz (1984–94) |
| Children | 2 |
| Relatives | Lynda Lopez (sister) |
| Signature |  |
| Website | |
| www.jenniferlopez.com www.jenniferlopezonline.com |
|
Jennifer Lynn Lopez (born July 24, 1969) is an American actress, businesswoman, dancer and recording artist. Often referred to as J.Lo, she is reportedly the highest earning actress of Latin descent.[1][2] Born and raised in The Bronx, New York, she enrolled in singing and dancing classes as a child and grew up in a musically influenced household. She started her career as a fly girl on the television comedy program In Living Color and a back-up dancer for Janet Jackson. Lopez gained recognition in the action-thriller Money Train (1995). Her first leading role was in the biographical film Selena (1997), which was her breakthrough role, earning her an ALMA Award for Outstanding Actress and Golden Globe nomination. She earned her second ALMA Award for her performance in Out of Sight (1998), which made her the highest-paid Latin actress. She has since appeared in various films including The Cell (2000), The Wedding Planner (2001), Maid in Manhattan (2002), Shall We Dance? (2004), Monster-in-Law (2005), The Back-up Plan (2010) and What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012).
In 1998, Lopez began recording her debut album and released On the 6 (1999), which spawned the hit singles "If You Had My Love" and "Waiting for Tonight". Her second album J.Lo (2001) reached number one on the Billboard 200 the same week her film The Wedding Planner led the box office, becoming the first person to achieve a number one film and album in the same week. It spawned the number-one single "I'm Real" which spent five weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100 and "Love Don't Cost a Thing". She released J to tha L–O! The Remixes (2002), which became the first number-one remix album in the United States. Her third and fourth studio albums, This Is Me... Then (2002) and Rebirth (2005) reached number two. In 2007 she released her first full Spanish album Como ama una Mujer. Returning to music in 2011, she released her seventh album Love?, which spawned her most successful single "On the Floor", one of the best-selling singles of all time.
By 2010, Lopez had amassed estimated sales of over 55 million records worldwide,[3] Billboard ranked her as the 27th Artist of the 2000s decade.[4] In 2010, Lopez became a member of the judging panel for the American reality television competition American Idol.[5] She was selected for a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2012.[6] She led People en Español's list of "100 Most Influential Hispanics" in February 2007.[7] That year, Lopez made the Forbes magazine's list of "The 20 Richest Women In Entertainment," ranking ninth.[8] In 2012, Forbes placed her number one on their list of "100 Most Powerful and Influential Celebrities in the World".[9] She has appeared multiple times on The Hollywood Reporter's Annual Actress Salary List, and is the highest-paid Latin actress in Hollywood.[10]
Lopez also has a fashion line and various perfumes with her celebrity endorsement.[11] She has worked with L'Oreal since 1999.[12] A fashion icon, several of her dresses have received considerable media attention, most notably the Jungle green Versace dress which she wore at the 43rd Grammy Awards in 2000—voted the fifth most iconic red carpet dress of all time.[13][14] Lopez advocates for human rights and vaccinations, and is a supporter of Children's Hospital Los Angeles. In 2011 she was named the most "Beautiful Person" by People magazine in its annual issue.[15] As of 2012, her net worth is estimated to be $250 million—she has been named one of the wealthiest and most influential Hispanics in the United States.[16] Lopez's personal life has also garnered media attention, particularly her high profiled relationships.
Life and career[link]
1969–94: Childhood and early work[link]
Jennifer Lynn Lopez was born on July 24, 1969[17] in the Castle Hill neighborhood of The Bronx, New York. The middle child of Puerto Rican parents Guadalupe Rodriguez and David Lopez,[18] she has an elder sister, Leslie, and a younger sister, Lynda (born June 14, 1971). David worked the night shift at the Guardian Insurance Company, before becoming a computer technician at the firm, while Guadalupe was a homemaker. When Jennifer was born, the Lopez family was living in a small apartment. A few years later, her parents had saved up enough money to be able to purchase a two-story house, which was considered a big deal for the relatively poor family.
By the age of five, Lopez began taking singing and dancing lessons. She toured New York with her school when she was seven years old.[19] Her parents stressed the importance of work ethic and being able to speak English. They encouraged their three daughters to put on performances at home, singing and dancing in front of each other and their friends so that they would stay "out of trouble".[19] Raised as a Roman Catholic;[20][21][22] Lopez spent her entire academic career in Catholic schools, finishing at the all-girls Preston High School.[23] In school, Lopez did gymnastics, ran track on a national level and was a member of the school's softball team.[24] She excelled athletically rather than academically, competing in national track championships.[19] In 1984, at age fifteen she began dating David Cruz, her first boyfriend.
While attending her final year of high school, Lopez learned about a film casting that was seeking several teenage girls for small roles. She auditioned and was cast in My Little Girl (1986), an low-budget film co-written and directed by Connie Kaiserman.[25] Lopez acted as Myra, a young woman at a center for troubled girls. After she finished filming her role in the film, Lopez knew that she wanted to become a famous movie star. To please her parents, though, she enrolled in Baruch College, only to drop out after one semester. She told her parents her dream of becoming a movie star, but they ensisted that it was a "really stupid" idea and that "no Latinos did that". The differences in opinions led Lopez to move out of their family home and into an apartment in Manhattan. During this period, Lopez performed in regional productions of the musicals: Jesus Christ, Superstar! and Oklahoma. From there, she was hired for the chorus in a Golden Musicals of Broadway, which toured Europe for a period of five months. She was unhappy with the role, as she was the only member of the chorus not to have a solo. She later got a job on the show Synchronicity in Japan, where she acted as a dancer, singer and a choreographer.[26]
Lopez gained her first regular high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on the television comedy program In Living Color in 1991. She applied for the job after one of the cast members was unavailable to continue with the show. Out of two thousand applicants, Lopez made it to the finals. She became the runner-up, but eventually received the role when the winner was unable to accept the job. She moved with Cruz to Los Angeles to film the series and remained a regular cast member until 1993 when she decided to pursue an acting career. After her departure from the show, Lopez became a backup dancer for Janet Jackson; also making an appearance in her 1993 video "That's the Way Love Goes".[27][28][29] Lopez received her first professional acting gig in the direct-to-video drama film Lost in the Wild (1993), co-starring alongside Lindsay Wagner and Robert Loggia.[30] In 1993 and 1994 Lopez starred as Melinda Lopez in the CBS television series Second Chances and its spin-off Hotel Malibu. Both shows ran for only a brief period, receiving negative reviews.[31][32][33][34]
[edit] 1995–98: Selena and first marriage
Lopez's received her first high-budget film role in Gregory Nava's 1995 drama My Family, playing the character of Young Maria in the 1920s.[35] After starring alongside Jimmy Smits and Edward James Olmos in My Family, which earned her a Independent Spirit Award nomination, Lopez starred in the action film Money Train, opposite Wesley Snipes and Woody Harrelson.[36][37][38] In 1996, she reportedly beat out Ashley Judd and Lauren Holly for the supporting role in Francis Ford Coppola's 1996 comedy Jack starring Robin Williams.[39] She then starred opposite Jack Nicholson in Bob Rafelson's well-received noir thriller Blood and Wine (1996).[23]
"That said, [Jennifer Lopez] takes what little she has in the way of a script and does a superb job playing [Selena Quintanilla Perez]. The movie rests squarely on her shoulders and she carries it well from start to finish. Her concert work is slick and stylish. It isn't her fault if there's too much of it in the final product. "
Lopez's first big break came in 1996, when she was chosen to play the title role in Selena, a biopic of the Tejano pop singer Selena.[23] Despite having previously worked with the film's director on My Family, Lopez was subjected to an intense auditioning process before she was cast in the film.[41] Lopez played Selena in her twenties, while Rebecca Lee Maza played Selena in her younger years.[42] During pre-production, Mexican-American activists were highly critical that Jennifer Lopez, a New York City native born to Puerto Rican parents, was selected to play Selena. They preferred an actress with Mexican roots. However, after seeing Lopez's portrayal of Selena, they revised their opinions and were more accepting of Nava's decision.[43] Lopez earned widespread outstanding reviews and praise from critics for her portrayal of Selena. Kenneth Turan from Los Angeles Times film critic Kenneth Turan while giving the film a mixed review, he wrote that Selena was not just a celebration of Selena's life, but the actress who played her.[44] Joe Baltake said that Lopez was "is sensational in the title role" and complimented her for pulling off lip-syncing to Selena's original tracks as her own, as she was not a trained singer at the time.[45] She garnered multiple awards and nominations, including a Golden Globe Award nomination for "Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy".[citation needed]
On February 22, 1997, Lopez married Cuban-born Ojani Noa, who she met while he worked as a waiter in a Miami restaurant; they were divorced by January 1998.[46] Later that year, Lopez appeared in two major films. She starred in the horror film Anaconda alongside Ice Cube and Jon Voight, playing the role of Terri Flores, a director who is shooting a documentary while traveling through the Amazon River.[47] Despite being a modest box office hit, the film was critically panned.[48] Lopez then starred as the leading actress in the neo-noir film U Turn, which is based on the book Stray Dogs, starring alongside Sean Penn and Billy Bob Thornton.[23] In 1998, she had one of her most acclaimed roles, starring opposite George Clooney in Out of Sight, Steven Soderbergh's adaptation of the Elmore Leonard novel.[23][49] Cast as a deputy federal marshal who falls for a charming criminal, Lopez won rave reviews for her performance and in the process she became the first Latina actress to earn over $1 million for a role.[50][51] That same year, she provided the voice for Azteca on the computer-animated film Antz.[52][53] Around this time, Lopez started dating rap mogul Sean Combs. Combs allegedly showered Lopez with diamonds and jewelry, the inspiration for her 2000 hit, "Love Don't Cost a Thing".[54]
[edit] 1999–2001: On the 6, J.Lo, The Wedding Planner and second marriage
 |
a 22-second sample of Lopez's debut single—"If You Had My Love"—which shot to number one in the United States, commencing Lopez's musical career
|
| Problems listening to this file? See media help. | |
By May 1999, publicity for Lopez's debut album had begun and the news spread fast.[55] Lopez's debut album On the 6, a reference to the 6 subway line she used to take growing up in Castle Hill,[23] was released on June 1, 1999, and reached the top ten of the Billboard 200. Her debut single, "If You Had My Love" was released on May 21, 1999, and reached the top spot on the Billboard Hot 100 the week of June 12, 1999.[56][57] The song stayed on the chart for a total of 25 weeks.[57] It was proceeded by the release of "Waiting for Tonight", which peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and was a dance club hit.[58] Prior to the release of "Waiting For Tonight" as a single, a Spanish language Latin-flavored ballad with Marc Anthony "No Me Ames" was released and failed to chart on major charts.[55][56] On the 6 featured guest artists such as Big Pun and Fat Joe on the track "Feelin' So Good", which had moderate success on the Billboard Hot 100, however failed to reach the top 50. "Let's Get Loud", the final single, earned Lopez a Grammy Award nomination in the "Best Dance Recording" category of the 2001 Grammy Awards.[59] "Waiting for Tonight" was nominated for the same category the previous year.[60] "No Me Ames" received two nominations at the 2000 Latin Grammy Awards – "Best Pop Duo/Group with Vocal Performance" and "Best Music Video". In addition, Lopez was nominated for more awards then any other at the 1999 The Billboard Music Video Awards, scoring seven nominations in total, leading the likes of Christina Aguilera.[61]
On February 23, 2000, Lopez showed up to the 42nd Grammy Awards with Combs wearing a plunging exotic green Versace silk chiffon dress, which became known as the "Green Versace Jungle Dress" by Lopez. The dress, known for its low cut neck that extended before her navel and its open back, caused much controversy and garnered media attention. Images of Lopez in the green dress were downloaded from the Grammy website 642,917 times in just 24 hours after the event.[62] Lopez was surprised by the enormous media coverage, declaring in an interview: "It was a nice dress. I had no idea it was going to become such a big deal."[63] Versace later revealed that the dress was the turning point of her career, saying that the media now had confidence in her own work, after the death of Gianni Versace.[63] With the release and promotion of On The 6 over, Lopez had successfully converted herself from film star to pop star within 12 months.[64] Around this time, Lopez's fans started to dub her as "J.Lo". Lopez then starred opposite Vincent D'Onofrio, in the psychological thriller film The Cell, released on August 18, 2000.[65] She portrayed Catherine Deane, a child psychologist who uses virtual reality to enter into the minds of her patients to coax them out of their comas. The film was released in August 2000 and became a box-office success, opening at number one.[49][66]
By August 2000, Lopez had begun work on her sophomore album.[67][68] J.Lo was released on January 23, 2001, and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, exceeding sales of 270,000 copies in its first week.[69][70] In addition, the album dethroned The Beatles from the top spot.[70] At the same time, her romantic comedy film, The Wedding Planner, which she starred in alongside Matthew McConaughey led box office receipts,[71][72] making Lopez the first female to have a film and an album at number one in the same week.[23][69][71] J.Lo was more urban oriented than On the 6. The lead single, "Love Don't Cost a Thing", was her first number-one single in the United Kingdom and took her into the top five on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.[73] She followed it up with "Play" which gave her another top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached number three in the UK.[74] The album's third single "I'm Real" reached number one on the Hot 100, as well as spending over a year on the chart, with a total of 62 weeks.[74] "I'm Real" was controversial for using a sample of the song "Firecraker"; which singer Mariah Carey had wanted to sample first. It was later shockingly announced that Carey's ex husband, Tommy Mottola had instructed record executive Irv Gotti to give Lopez the sample before Carey, and Lopez was unaware of this.[75] "Ain't It Funny" was released; however it did not receive proper commercial promotion in the United States therefore ineligible for charting on the Hot 100. To capitalize on this, Lopez asked The Inc. Records (then known as Murder Inc.) to remix both songs ("I'm Real" and "Ain't It Funny), which featured rap artists Ja Rule (on both) and Cadillac Tah (on the "Ain't It Funny" remix). "Ain't It Funny (murder remix)" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for several weeks, and led Radio Airplay and Pop Songs charts.[74] On July 24, 2001, She re-released J. Lo on her 32nd birthday with the remix of "I'm Real" as a bonus track. Also, "Si Ya Se Acabó" was released in Spain, due to the success "Que Ironia." In 2001, Lopez performed on tour on the Let's Get Loud "Live in Puerto Rico" Concert. J.Lo has sold 4 million copies in the United States alone. On September 27, 2004, a box set was released by Epic Records featuring On The 6 and J.Lo combined.[76]
Lopez next role was in a supernatural romance film, Angel Eyes which disappointed at the box office and garnered mixed reviews.[77] Lopez's boyfriend, former back-up dancer Cris Judd—who she met on the set of the video for "Love Don't Cost a Thing"—proposed to her at a barbecue[78] and they were married on September 29, 2001.[79] They traveled to Italy for their honeymoon, and later stayed at the home of designer and a longtime friend of Lopez's, Donatella Versace.[78]
[edit] 2002–03: J to tha L-O! The Remixes, This Is Me... Then and Bennifer
Following the success of the re-release of J.Lo, Lopez decided to devote an entire album to the remix effort, releasing J to tha L–O! The Remixes, on February 5, 2002. This album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, becoming the first remix album in history to debut at the top on the chart, selling over 150,000 copies in its opening week.[80][81] Featured artists on J to tha L–O! The Remixes include P. Diddy, Fat Joe, and Nas, and the album included rare dance and hip hop remixes of past singles. It is the third all-time biggest-selling remix album in history, after Michael Jackson's Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, The Beatles' Love and Madonna's You Can Dance, having sold a total of 1.5 million copies as of October 2010.[82] In addition, it dethroned Alan Jackson's Drive from 3 consecutive weeks at the number-one spot on the chart.[83][84] J to tha L-O: The Remixes sold 624,000 copies within its first month, and stayed in the top 10 of the Billboard 200 for a month, too.[85] It remained the only album to debut at number one in the United States for nearly 10 years, until Justin Bieber's remix effort in 2011 debuted at the top spot with similar opening sales.[86] "I'm Gonna Be Alright" which was previously on her J.Lo album was released as a single; impacting the charts by July 2002 and reached the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100.[74][87] "I'm Gonna Be Alright" spent 23 weeks on the chart.[74] The track "Alive" written by Jennifer and Cris Judd was released as a single from the remix album.[88]
In May 2002, she starred in the thriller film Enough as Slim, a woman abused by her husband and on the run from him. The film garnered negative reviews;[89] however the fight scene at the finale of the movie was praised.[90] In addition, the film was considered a "kick-butt, female empowerment" movie.[91]
In June 2002, Lopez filed for divorce from her husband Cris Judd when she began publicly dating actor Ben Affleck.[92] Judd's father, Larry Judd blamed Affleck for the break up of his son's marriage. He told New York Daily News that Judd was the "best thing that happened to [Lopez]" and thought that "Mr. Affleck would honor a married women. [They'd] be happier if they just told the truth."[93] Lopez and Affleck announced their relationship at her thirty-second birthday.[94] They were engaged months later.[95][96] The media dubbed them "Bennifer" during their relationship, and became a prominent supercouple in the media.
Lopez released her third studio album, This Is Me... Then, on November 26, 2002. Unlike previous albums, it was more R&B oriented and much of its lyrical structure were about her relationship with her fiancé, Affleck.[97] The songs from the album, in particular the fifth track, "Dear Ben" detailed her romantic relationship with Affleck.[97] The album sold over 310,000 copies in its first week, Lopez's highest first-week sales to date, and reached two on the charts in the United States, and was on the charts for a total of forty weeks.[98] Prior to its release, the album's lead single "Jenny from the Block" was released. It reached 3 on the Hot 100, and was known for its controversial music video featuring Affleck. The song is about Lopez remaining modest and intoning her childhood roots vowing she wishes to remain simple despite her diamonds.[97] "All I Have", a duet with LL Cool J served as the third single from This Is Me... Then. It became Lopez's fifth song to top the Hot 100 charts.[74] "I'm Glad" and "Baby I Love U!" were released as the final singles from This Is Me... Then, both commercial disappointing, failing to match the success of her previous singles; however the music video for "I'm Glad" received four nominations at the MTV Video Music Awards the following year. The video recreated scenes from the 1983 film Flashdance, leading to a lawsuit over copyright infringement, which was later dismissed.[99][100] This Is Me... Then has sold over 2.5 million copies to date in the United States, her last album to reach over a million copies in sales in that country.[82]
After the release of This Is Me... Then, Lopez took time away from music to focus on films. After two consecutive critical and commercial failures in the films Enough and Angel Eyes, Lopez bounced back with the box office hit Maid in Manhattan, released on December 13, 2002. Her character, Marisa Ventura, is a struggling single mother who lives in the Bronx and makes her living cleaning rooms in a super-luxurious Manhattan hotel, and gets mistaken for a socialite by a princely politician, who she falls in love with.[101] Maid in Manhattan was a box-office hit, opening at number one. The New York Times compared the film's storyline to her 2002 song, "Jenny from the Block", commenting, "In her new single, 'Jenny From the Block', Jennifer Lopez declares that despite her enormous wealth and global fame, she has not lost touch with her roots."[102]
Lopez and Ben Affleck eventually succumbed to overexposure from the media, however, which caused public interest in their romance to result in less admiration and negatively affected their careers.[103][104] Gigli, a film which Lopez starred as a lesbian opposite Affleck, was released on August 1, 2003. The film was considered a box office failure, and is often considered one of the worst films ever made.[105][106] Once again she starred in another movie with Affleck, Jersey Girl, but only grossed $36 million at the box office and received poor reviews.
Lopez and Affleck canceled their wedding, which had been scheduled for September 14, 2003 on the Californian Coast, citing the media's interference with the event as the reason.[107][108][109] Months later their wedding was canceled once again, four days before the event. Lopez was seen without her ring,[110] and it was later confirmed that the 18-month romance ended on January 20, 2004, just three days after Affleck returned to Los Angeles from the Sundance Film Festival.[111]
[edit] 2004–05: Shall We Dance?, third marriage and Rebirth
In August 2003, (after the international flub of "Gigli") it was announced that Lopez was star in Shall We Dance?.[112] The move was released in 2004, in which Lopez starred as Paulina alongside Richard Gere and Susan Sarandon; it reached the third spot at the Box Office. Shall We Dance?, grossed $112,238,000, at the international box office. Domestically, Shall We Dance? grossed $57,890,460 and a total of $170,128,460 worldwide.[113] By this time, Lopez was well established as one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood and the highest-paid Latin actress in Hollywood history, though she's never had a film grossing over $100 million in the USA. She was on The Hollywood Reporter's list of the top ten actress salaries in 2002, 2003, and 2004.[10]
Two months after her break up with Affleck, Lopez was publicly seen dating Marc Anthony, they were married secretly on June 5, 2004 at her Beverly Hills Mansion and maintained a quiet relationship away from the media unlike her previous.[114][115] Two men attempted to ransom a private wedding video which was stolen from the couple for $1 million dollars, and they were arraigned in Manhattan Criminal Court on charges of conspiracy, attempted grand larceny and possession of stolen property.[116]
Lopez released her fourth studio album, Rebirth, on March 1, 2005.[117] The lead single was "Get Right",[117] reaching 12 on the Billboard Hot 100, and was a dance club hit.[118] The song reached number one in the United Kingdom. The video for "Get Right" has Lopez portraying many different characters in a nightclub and sporting several different looks and occupations.[119] Following the release of "Get Right", the album debuted (and peaked) at number two on the Billboard 200, selling 261,000 copies in its opening week.[120] It quickly fell off the charts, and produced one more single, "Hold You Down", which featured Fat Joe, reached number 64 on the Hot 100 while it peaked at number six in the UK and ascended to the top 20 in Australia.[74] The song "Cherry Pie" was intended to be released as a single, however due to low sales (despite a high start) of Rebirth these plants were scrapped. Rebirth was certified Platinum in the U.S. by the RIAA; selling over 700,000 copies so far in the United States,[82] and has enjoyed international success. In May 2005, the film Monster-in-Law was released. It was Jane Fonda's first movie in several years.[121] It featured Lopez as Charlie, an artist who is pitted against her fiance's conniving mother when she does not accept her as her son's girlfriend (or soon-to-be wife).[121][122][123] However, the $43-million film became a box-office smash debuting at number one, earning $83 million ($154.7 worldwide)[124] during its theatrical run in summer 2005. Lopez received $15 million for her role in Monster-in-Law, remaining one of her highest paychecks for a movie yet.[125] Later, she starred in a film entitled An Unfinished Life, which did not do well; only reaching 11 at the Box office.
[edit] 2006–08: Como Ama una Mujer, Brave and motherhood
In 2006, Lopez was featured in LL Cool J's single "Control Myself", which was released on February 1, 2006. It reached number four on the Billboard Hot 100 and number two on the UK Singles Chart, Lopez's first collaborative Top 10 Hit in the U.S. since 2003. Also that year, she was in the movie Bodertown; The movie is based on a series of unsolved murders in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, a maquiladora border city across the Río Bravo del Norte (Rio Grande) from El Paso, Texas. Estimates of the murders conflict, yet, conservatively speaking over four hundred women, maybe many more, have been kidnapped, tortured and murdered since 1993 in and around Ciudad Juárez.[126] Lopez garnered a few awards and recognition for this part. The film was not a large success, though. Jennifer was one of the recipients of the Women in Film Crystal Award, after her appearance in Bordertown.[127]
It was reported that Lopez was to release a full Spanish language album.[128] Contactmusic.com said that Lopez would "prove critics wrong" and prove that she actually has a voice, through this new project.[128] Upon the eve of the album's release, Lopez explained that she had previously aimed to sing in Spanish, however her career took a different path.[129] Her first full Spanish album, Como Ama una Mujer was released on March 23, 2007. It debuted at 10 on the Billboard 200, making her one of few to reach the top ten with a Spanish album.[130] The album was a natural and large success within the Latin community, reaching number one on Billboard Top Latin Albums, where it remained for seven weeks.[130] Worldwide, it was a moderate success, reaching the top ten in several countries such as Italy and Germany.
"I thought that my career was going to be in Spanish music, honestly. My life took a different turn, which was great for me. But my heart was always kind of on the Spanish side."
— Jennifer Lopez, on her Spanish music career[129]
Como Ama una Mujer marks the highest debut sales in the United States for a Spanish album and the highest digital sales for a Spanish album.[131] The York Press, on the album, stated that "Lopez stunned many with her Spanish-language Como Ama una Mujer, which at last proved that she is a major musical force."[132] For promotion of Como Ama Una Mujer, Lopez traveled back to the Bronx, to meet fans and sign copies of her album in her old neighborhood.[133] Over 500 people attended.[133] In an interview, Lopez stated "It touches my heart to be able to bring this album back to my neighborhood, back to my home."[134] Como ama una Mujer produced a single, "Qué Hiciste" (Spanish for "What Did You Do") which peaked at 86 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Hot Latin Songs and the Hot Dance Club Play.[74] She performed the song on American Idol, in the same week she was a mentor; she is the first person to perform a Latin song on the hit show.[131] On July 24, 2007 (Lopez's birthday) Billboard magazine reported that Lopez and husband Marc Anthony would "co-headline" a worldwide tour called "Juntos en Concierto" starting in New Jersey on September 29.[135] The tour launched September 28, 2007 at the Mark G. Etess Arena and ended on November 7, 2007 at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. On the finale date of their tour, Lopez and Anthony announced that they were expecting a child, her first and his fourth.[136][137] Later that same month, it was reported that Lopez was having difficulties with her pregnancy. These reports were deemed false by per rep, stating that "she is very healthy and continuing with her schedule as planned."[138] In August 2007, Lopez collaborated on the feature film, El Cantante, with Anthony. Lopez, who also co-produced the film, "does enough acting for the two of them in her role as Puchi, Héctor's wife" while creating a very interesting and edgy performance.[139] The film is in English, with creative use of subtitles for songs with Spanish lyrics.
In August 2007 Lopez began work on a new English studio album, titled Brave[140][141] For Brave, she collaborated with producers Midi Mafia, J. R. Rotem, Lynn and Wade and Ryan Tedder, with Rotem working on some tracks with writing partner Evan "Kidd" Bogart.[142] Released on October 9, 2007, it debuted at 12 on the Billboard 200; commercially, it is her least successful album to date.[143] It spawned two singles "Do It Well" and "Hold It, Don't Drop It", which both reached number one on the Hot Dance Club Play chart, but failed to make further impact.[74] It was her first album to fail to produce a top twenty song. Brave earned mostly mixed to negative reviews, Rashod D. Ollison from The Sun said that "Brave – was not to daring".[144] However, there were a few positive reviews. The York Press compared Brave to Britney Spears' album due for release around the same time.[132] Praising Lopez for not needing digital enhancement of her voice in "Brave" compared to Spears, they turned their favor to Brave instead of Blackout despite praising Spears' for delivering a "decent album".[132] Brave has sold over 160,000 copies (which sales are comparable to that of Lopez' previous first week sales of her first four albums).[82]
On February 5, 2008, Lopez confirmed that she was having twins.[145] On February 22, Lopez gave birth to a son Maximilian David Muñiz and a daughter Emme Maribel in Long Island, New York.[146][147] The twins were introduced in the March 11, 2008 issue of People magazine, for which the magazine paid a reported $6 million for—the photographs of the twins became the most expensive celebrity picture ever taken.[148] Following the birth of her twins, Lopez took a break from her career in 2008.
[edit] 2009–11: American Idol and Love?
While pregnant with twins Max and Emme, Lopez had been writing material for her seventh studio album Love?, with a planned release for the summer of 2010.[149] On what to expect of the album, she said "Once you get past the party on the album, and you listen to some of the words, you will see that I really talk about the power of love but also the devastation of it and everything in between."[150] A song titled "Fresh Out the Oven" featuring Miami rapper Pitbull surfaced online in October 2009 but her record label said that it was simply a buzz single.[151] It topped the Hot Dance Club Songs chart. The project's official lead single, "Louboutins", had its radio debut on November 23, 2009, following the song's premiere and performance at the 2009 American Music Awards. The song only managed to enter the Hot Dance Club Play chart six weeks after release and reaching number 1, however, it failed to enter any other chart, including the Billboard Hot 100. On January 27, 2010, it was announced that Lopez would guest-star on an episode of How I Met Your Mother as Anita Appleby, a no-nonsense author of self-help books that teach women how to mold men into "relationship machines" through the power of denial.[152] In February 2010 Lopez and her record label of ten years, Epic Records, parted ways.[153][154] Lopez's manager, Benny Medina, confirmed the news, saying "Jennifer had a wonderful relationship with the Sony Music Group, and they have shared many successes together, but the time was right to make a change that best serves the direction of her career as an actress and recording artist... She is grateful and appreciative to everyone at Sony for all that they accomplished together."[155] Lopez later released a statement to the media where she said that she had already completed her contractual obligations with Sony Music Entertainment and Epic Records and decided it was for the best to end the partnership on amicable terms. She added that she found a new "home" [record label] for the album 'Love?'.[156] Shortly after being spotted talking to Island Def Jam's chairman and CEO L.A. Reid,[157] it was confirmed on March 19, 2010 that Lopez signed with Island Def Jam, and was working on new material for Love? with RedZone Entertainment (Kuk Harrell, The-Dream and Tricky Stewart).[158][159] In April 2010, she appeared in the romantic comedy The Back-up Plan.[160] The film debuted at the top spot at the Box Office.[161][162] While the film didn't meet positive reviews, Lopez's performance as "Zoe" was praised and called a "winning performance".[163][164]
In June 2010, following the departure of Ellen DeGeneres from American Idol, it was reported that Lopez was in talks to join season ten's judging panel.[165][166][167] However, it was then reported that Lopez was out of the running due to "outrageous demands",[168][169] something which returning Idol producer, Nigel Lythgoe responded to by saying "[Jennifer] is in no way a diva, I've worked with her on quite a few occasions and I have never yet seen her be a diva." He did not confirm or deny reports of the contract negotiations between Lopez and the other Idol producers.[170] Both Lopez and husband, Marc Anthony, were being considered for a role on The X Factor for their appeal to 'Latin' and 'International' markets.[171] Lopez's involvement in The X Factor was ruled out when the media reported that she had accepted an offer to become a judge on season ten of Idol, despite being offered roles on both shows.[172] The announcement was made official on September 22, 2010. MTV said "the deal was mutually beneficial to all those involved" whilst CNN reported that Lopez was viewing it as a decision to revive her career while Idol producers believe Lopez and Steven Tyler's appointments will strengthen viewing figures.[173] The public agreed that Lopez was a more suitable judge replacement for Ellen, as she had experience within the music industry, which DeGeneres lacked.[174]
In January 2011, Lopez's new single "On the Floor" featuring Pitbull (their second collaboration) surfaced online[175] and it was later announced as the lead single from Love?, produced by RedOne, who predicted that it was going to be a "big hit".[176] "On The Floor" was a commercial success, debuting at nine on the Hot 100 and peaking at three, her highest-charting song in eight years.[177] It's accompanying music video premiered on an episode of American Idol on March 3, and has since become the highest viewed video by a female artist on YouTube, with over 510 million views.[178] The song sold 8.4 million copies, becoming the fourth best-selling digital single of the year.[179] Love? produced two more singles, the Taio Cruz produced "I'm Into You" featuring Lil Wayne, and "Papi", which became her 10th and 11th chart-toppers on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart.[180] Love? was finally released on May 3, 2011 and reached the fifth position on the Billboard 200.[181][182] It was a moderate success, and viewed as a humble comeback from Lopez, as many had considered her recording career over.[143]
On July 15, days before Lopez's forty-second birthday, following seven years of marriage to Marc Anthony, the couple's representative announced that they were separating[183][184] and Anthony later filed for divorce on April 9, 2012, citing irreconcilable differences.[185] In November, she was named "Women of the year" by Glamour Magazine.[186] Lopez was featured on will.i.am's single "T.H.E. (The Hardest Ever)". On December 13, 2011, Los Angeles Times named her the "World's greatest musical comeback act", a ranking from an accuracast, a digital search that analyzed over a billion Google searches since 2004.[187] Lopez ranked ahead of comebacks from artists such as Mariah Carey and Ricky Martin.[187] She was also named "Best Comeback" act by Billboard.com Reader's Poll, leading with 47% of votes for the title, beating out Kelly Clarkson (17%) and Evanescence (12%).[188]
[edit] 2012: ¡Q'Viva! The Chosen and Dance Again World Tour
Lopez returned as judge on the eleventh season of American Idol, reportedly earning $US20 million, compared to the $US12 million she earned last year.[189] Lopez worked with ex-husband Marc Anthony and director-choeographer Jamie King on the talent series ¡Q'Viva! The Chosen, created by Simon Fuller. It follows Lopez, Anthony and King as they travel across 21 countries in Latin America to find new talent.[190] It premiered on January 28, 2012 on Univision and was a ratings hit for the channel.[191][192]
In late 2011, it was confirmed that Lopez would be releasing a greatest hits album in 2012, with her vocal producer Kuk Harrell and The-Dream confirming their involvement in the project.[193][194][195] L.A. Reid, chairman and CEO for Epic Records, confirmed on his Twitter account that a greatest hits album is in production.[196] Later confirming an upcoming release herself, Lopez said the basis for her album was again "Love".[197] Island Def Jam Records' Senior Vice President of A&R, Chris Anokute stated in an interview that he is working with Lopez on a dance album.[198] In April 2012 Lopez released the lead single from her greatest hits album, "Dance Again" featuring American rapper Pitbull. It charted at 17 on the Billboard Hot 100, and also became her twelfth number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs.[199] Later that month, Lopez was featured on Wisin & Yandel's song "Follow the Leader" from their upcoming album.[200] Lopez is also working on two possible new songs, entitled "Clothes Off" and "Goin' In".[201][202] Three new songs will appear on Lopez's upcoming greatest hits album.[203] Lopez recorded "Goin' In" with Flo Rida for the film Step Up Revolution (2012). She debuted it at the finale American Idol with a performance medley that included "Follow the Leader", and the song made its premiere on Ryan Seacrest's radio show On Air with Ryan Seacrest on May 24, 2012 and will be released as a single on June 19, 2012.[204]
During an interview with Extra TV Lopez confirmed that she had been working on a possible tour;[205] she had previously talked about the possibility of a tour after the release of Love? around June 2011, which never materialized, as it could have jeapordised her position as a judge on American Idol.[206] On June 23 and 27 Lopez will perform for her first headlining concert in Brazil for the Pop Music Festival in Sao Paulo.[207] Furthermore, reports have said that Lopez is set to tour Latin America, with plans of visiting Panama, Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Peru and Chile.[208] Since this, sources have reported that Lopez is planning her first ever global world tour, which will have legs in United States, South America, Europe and Asia; and over 60 dates.[209][210] It was announced on April 30, 2012 that Lopez would be going on a co-headlining world tour with Enrique Iglesias.[211] The tour will earn Lopez an estimated $US13 million.[189] Before this begins, Lopez will begin her Dance Again World Tour which will carry out throughout her tour with Iglesias.
Lopez is involved in multiple films, the first time she has been in years. She starred as Holly — a woman who adopts a baby from abroad with her husband after difficulty conceiving — in What to Expect When You're Expecting.[212] The film was released to theaters on May 18, 2012.[213] Lopez voices Shira in the upcoming animated film, Ice Age: Continental Drift which is the fourth movie in the Ice Age series.[214] Another film which Lopez has shot her parts for, Parker will be released in 2013.[215][216] Director Taylor Hackford has stated that the movie development has gone well, praising Lopez in a comment stating "I'm not kidding, this woman can really act. The last several years she's been doing romantic comedies – that's a talent, but as a dramatic actress she's got fantastic chops."[217] On May 16, 2012, Forbes placed Lopez first on their "Celebrity 100 List", in turn naming her the most powerful celebrity in the world for their 2012 edition. She beat out Oprah Winfrey and Lady Gaga for the title, having earned $US52 million from May 2011–May 2012.[218] Dorothy Pomerantz from Forbes staff said that it was due to her role as judge on American Idol, endorsement deals, fragrances and her much publicized personal life in the past year.[219] This was a considerable jump on the list, considering the previous year she was number 50.[189]
Products and endorsements[link]
In 2003, Lopez was in a pepsi commercial featuring Beyoncé Knowles and David Beckham entitled "Samurai".[220] She endorses several L'Oréal products, and was named "L'Oréal Paris Global Brand Ambassador" In December 2010.[221][222][223] She has shot several adds for the endorsement deal.[223] Lopez's recent L'Oreal EverSleek campaign made its debut during the Golden Globes ad break, kicking it off in a big way.[224] Products that Lopez has endorsed for L'Oreal recently include El Vive Triple Resist, True Match, Color Riche, GlamShine, and Voluminous Lashes commercials, the EverSleek commercial and print ads, and the Infallible Lip Color and ElVive Triple Resist print ads. In 2011, Lopez endorsed and promoted a variety of products. In addition to L'Oréal, lopez endorses Gillette women's products, such as the "Get Your Goddess Showing" project.[225] She was named the first ever "Gillette-Venus Global Ambassador" In 2011, too.[226][227] She recorded a cover of "Venus" by Shocking Blue for her Gillette-Venus advertisement.[228] Lopez is a spokesperson for Harmon Kardon home surround sound system.[229][230] Lopez is the face of TOUS Jewelry.[231][232] Lopez is a spokesperson for Lux shampoo in Japan, appearing in the product's television commercials. As of late 2011, she promotes FIAT cats in the United States.[233] Her advertisements for the brand have garnered negative reviews, and in January 2012 a United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI) group told Lopez to end her endorsement for problems with the FIAT brand which "freely does business with a regime that is developing an illegal nuclear weapons program."[234]
Fashion lines[link]
Lopez launched a lifestyle brand in 2001. Called J.Lo by Jennifer Lopez, the line included different types of clothing for young women, including jeans, T-shirts, coats, belts, purses, and lingerie, a jewelry line,[235] and an accessory line that includes hats, gloves, and scarves.[236] Lopez participated in the Louis Vuitton Winter 2003 campaign. In February 2005, Lopez unveiled her fashion line entitled "Sweetface" at New York Fashion Week.[237] She worked on the line with Andy Hilfiger.[238] The launch at New York Fashion Week received mixed reviews, mainly positive, Metanoya Webb, from InStyle Magazine reviewed: "It's a step up from her teen-age, pop line. It's definitely more mature, and it's more of a replica of what Jennifer does. It was a reflection of her, and I liked that."[237] Some also noted that the launch of "Sweetface" focused more on the show and arrangement rather than the clothes, themselves.[239] Lopez has a lingerie line with Victoria Beckham.[240]
Lopez's frequent use of animal fur in her clothing lines has brought the scorn of people concerned with animal rights.[241] At the Los Angeles premiere of Monster-in-Law, more than 100 protesters from People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) held a demonstration to highlight their concerns.[242] Director of marketing, Charlie Ross said "Jennifer Lopez is a great lover of fur. She is always photographed wearing fur and it was a material she loves and wanted to use. Sweetface is a luxury label and Jennifer wanted her furs. She told me her favourite piece in the collection is a fabulous bleached silver fox coat with strips of the fox stitched onto a chiffon back."[243]
In late 2007, Lopez retired JLO by Jennifer Lopez and launched a new juniors' line called JustSweet.[244] In June 2009, it was announced that "Sweetface" was put on hiatus,[245] and later announced that it was closed down.[246] In 2011, Lopez and her ex-husband, Marc Anthony launched a joint fashion line at Kohls; Anthony would work on the menswear and Lopez on the female clothing line. The lines were described as "high-quality contemporary."[238] Lopez labelled her personal line as "affordable and completely her style." The line was released in October 2011.[247][248] Anthony's line, too was released around the same time.[249] They both worked with Tommy Hilfiger for the fashion lines.[238] Anthony, at the grand opening of the line at a Jersey department store, said that they collaborated on the work, and noted how hard Lopez had worked on her line, he said he was "very proud of her."[250]
Fragrances[link]
Lopez is credited for bringing back celebrity perfume endorsements, which was "dead" since the late 1980s.[197] She ventured in the perfume industry with her debut Glow by J.Lo, which can be purchased anywhere including every-day shopping outlets like Macy's and pharmacy chains.[251] Lopez said that she wanted Glow to be "Sexy and sensual."[252] Glow by J.Lo has a scent of orange, grapefruit, jasmine, orris, Irises, vanilla and musk.[253] Still by Jennifer Lopez was released as the third major fragrance in October 2003;[254] it is described as "the scent of a woman," and "A scent that captures the way a woman feels when she has discovered herself. Real and true. Serene and sensual."[255] Glow by J.Lo and Still were very successful in the fragrance market.[256]
In 2005, Lopez launched three new fragrances: Miami Glow, Love at First Glow and Live.[257] In 2006 she released Glow After Dark. In 2008, she released Deseo, Deseo Forever, Deseo for Men (her first male fragrance) and Live Platinum.[257] Sunkissed Glow and My Glow were released in 2009, My Glow was inspired by the birth of her children.[257] TLC, a division of Discovery Communications Inc, had signed Lopez to an unscripted reality series about the launching of her new fragrance,[258] but the series never materialized. Her next fragrance was Blue Glow.[257] Her 15th fragrance Love & Glamour was released in October 2010.[259] Her 16th fragrance is L.A. Glow, inspired by L.A. Nightlife.[260] She launched her 17th fragrance Love & Light on HSN In July 2011, where it sold 51,000 bottles in six hours, her most successful fragrance launch to date.[261][262] Her 18th fragrance, Glowing has been announced.[197][263] Apart from Fragrances, Lopez has endorsed several other products.
Philanthropy[link]
Lopez is an avid supporter of Children's Hospital Los Angeles and was presented with the Children's Humanitarian Award at the hospital's inaugural Noche de Niños gala in September 2004. Lopez continues to attend the annual red carpet event and is a regular visitor to the hospital. The singer participated in the Nautica Malibu Triathlon benefiting the hospital in 2008.
On February 14, 2007, Lopez received the Artists for Amnesty International award "in recognition of her work as producer and star of Bordertown, a film exposing the ongoing murders of hundreds of women in the border city of Juárez, Mexico". Nobel Peace Prize winner José Ramos-Horta presented the award to Lopez at the Berlin International Film Festival. She also received special recognition and thanks from Norma Andrade, co-founder of Nuestras Hijas de Regreso a Casa A.C. ("May Our Daughters Return Home, Civil Association"), an organization consisting of mothers and families of the murdered women of Juárez. Lopez has also been involved in promoting vaccination for whooping cough.[264] Lopez is working with Sounds of Pertussis and March of Dimes to promote awareness about the disease and encourage vaccination of adults to prevent spread of disease to infants.[265]
Lopez has been featured in two charity singles. In 2001, along with several other popular artists, Lopez was featured on an album featuring verses of the song "What's Going On" under the name "Artists Against AIDS Worldwide", to benefit AIDS foundations in Africa.[266][267] Other notable artists featured are Britney Spears, Ja Rule, Nas, Christina Aguilera, Gwen Stefani, Nelly Furtado, Fred Durst of Limp Bizkit, Destiny's Child, Wyclef Jean, Backstreet Boys among numerous others. Produced before the September 11 attacks, after the attacks the proceeds were given to American Red Cross, too.[266][267] The same month, Lopez was featured on the song "El Ultimo Adios (The Last Goodbye)" along with 60 other Latin artists, in memory of the September 11 attacks to help raise money for families and charities involved or affected.[268]
Lopez owns a foundation with her sister, Lynda Lopez, entitled The Maribel Foundation.[269] The foundation was publicly launched In June 2010.[269] The foundation's purpose is to bring wellbeing to mothers and children from under-privileged communities, in particular people who cannot afford medical services; and give people information about critical child and health care topics.[270] The Maribel Foundation worked with Telemedicine clinics abroad and near to increase healthcare for serious cases.[271] "Telemedicine" is a delivery system that uses technology (telecommunications) to conduct medical diagnoses, consultations, treatments, transfers of data, education of physicians, and dissemination of public health alerts and/or emergency updates.[271]
Lopez had previously announced the foundation in 2008 at the Woman's Conference.[272] The foundation's slogan is "Where children are concerned, there is no time to lose."[273] Lopez has stated that inspiration came to her to build The Maribel Foundation after she discovered a bump on her daughter's head days after her birth; Emme turned out to be fine however Lopez felt that there are mothers out there and children, who don't have adequate access to medical information and she felt that she had to help in some way.[274] For her foundation, Lopez recording a song, "One Step At a Time", dedicated to her twins. It was included on an album for the foundation, Every Mother Counts a CD which was released exclusively to Starbucks.[275][276] The album was devoted fully to mothers. Lopez was one of the recipients of Love Our Children USA's "Mothers Who Make A Difference" awards in 2009.[277] On October 25, 2011, The Maribel Foundation received a $500,000 dollar donation pledge from Samsung and Best Buy.[278][279] An advertisement featuring Lopez promoting Samsung products for The Maribel Foundation has aired.[280]
Artistry[link]
Musical style and themes[link]
|
|
A twenty-seven second sample of "Baby I Love U!" in which Lopez sings about being a hopeless romantic. Ben Affleck was considered as the inspiration for the song.[281]
|
| Problems listening to this file? See media help. | |
Lopez grew up with a heavy influence and love of music from her mother, who played records and sang constantly.[24] During her early days in the music industry, she was viewed as a teen pop culture icon; despite being in her late-twenties, it was for the reasoning of her brand and music appealing to a younger generation.[282] Lopez's music and the genre which it has been perceived as, has ranged from pop and Latin pop,[283] to Dance, Funk and R&B.[284] She has stated that the basis for her music is always the subject of Love, "I've been singing about Love since my first album. Its a really complex topic, and now that im at a really good place in my life, in a really good relationship [...] i can look at it in a different way."[285] In her debut single, "If You Had My Love" Lopez confronts her lover with questions and ground rules before they can begin commit to a relationship.[281] The lead single from her sophomore album J.Lo (2001) "Love Don't Cost a Thing" is the tale of a materialistic relationship—critics have questioned the song, believing that it's inspiration came from her high-profiled relationship with rapper Sean Combs. Lopez's third studio album, is more adult-oriented R&B and was much of its lyrical themes speak of her love for her then-fiance Ben Affleck. During the production of the album, Lopez stated "I wrote a lot of songs inspired, in a way, by what I was going through at the time that this album was being made, and he [Affleck] was definitely a big part of that."[286] Songs from the album such as "Baby I Love U! and "Dear Ben" gush about her being a hopeless romantic.[281] "I, Love" from Rebirth (2005) is a mid-tempo song, in which Lopez wants to convince her lover that she truly cares for him, suggesting that their romance is real despite his ignorant behavior. The title track from her full-Spanish language album Como Ama una Mujer (2007) lyrically speaks about listening to the heart's desire and first instinct regardless of the relationship's outcome.[281] In her seventh studio album, entitled Love?, Lopez covers topics such as her past loves in her songs, "One Love" and "(What Is) Love?" which she goes into details through lyrics about her remaining an optimistic about love.[287] In "(What Is) Love?" Lopez sings about struggling in the search for true love, talking about how she's had blind dates, dated church boys and musicians but is tired of it all.[281]
Lopez has a classic soubrette vocal type; her voice has been called limited.[288][289] Many critics have said that Lopez has never had a strong voice, but observe that she is the complete package performer with a thin voice.[290] Lopez has always had an insecurity about the strength of her voice from the start, “The voice was always there, I was just so insecure about it in the beginning," she said in an interview.[291] She has also said that "I’m very proud of who I am as a vocalist from where I started."[291] Tom Sinclair from Entertainment Weekly noted that she has always had her "way" with hooks, and works with a variety of producers.[292] Lopez has received critiscm for her voice not being strong enough over the course of her music career. Adam Markovitz from Entertainment Weekly has said that "despite the star power she emits on screen, her vocals have always been less than stellar" and that she "often sounds limited and nasal, with a flatness that can feel downright Rebecca Black-esque at its worst."[293] Wheresoever, others have said differently; fellow American Idol judge Randy Jackson said that "She doesn't have the biggest voice in the world, but she can sing. It's the (complete) package [...]"[294] Jackson also said "While we're sitting there judging she's always singing these songs and I go, 'You really do sing!'"[295] Daniel Chang from The Spectator said "Lopez will achieve more success as an actress than she will as a singer. Which is to say, Lopez can sing, but there are better introductions to Latin and R&B music out there."[296]
In late 2007, The York Press wrote "So far into her career, Lopez is at last making great records. Her voice now has greater depth and is infused with Latin passion, which frankly was missing on her earlier records. Her material is also far stronger," around the releases of Como Ama Una Mujer and Brave.[132] The York Press also complimented Lopez for not needing as much "digital enhancement" on her voice compared to Britney Spears.[132] They also said that "Lopez stunned many with [...] Como Ama una Mujer, which at last proved that she is a major musical force."[132] A writer from The Sun said "'On the 6' makes it clear she can sing. [Jennifer] Lopez has no trouble handling the material presented to her [...] No doubt about it, as a singer, Lopez has a lot of talent and stylistic range. Instead, she ends up doing impressions, singing as other, more distinctive, performers might have. So when producer Sean "Puff Daddy" Combs fabricates a lush, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis-type groove, she responds by offering her best Janet Jackson imitation." He went on to say: "It isn't as if Lopez is merely a chameleon, without a sound to call her own. Her breathily romantic duet with Marc Anthony, the Spanish-language love song "No Me Ames," reveals depths and resonance unheard in other tracks. Likewise, there's a sassy confidence beneath the romantic dismissal of "It's Not That Serious" that suggests Lopez may yet attain the awesome power of diva-hood."[297] Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly commented on Lopez's vocals saying, "There's no way to know if Jennifer Lopez's voice is mechanically altered or not, but on the recorded evidence of her sophomore album, J.Lo, her singing seems to be in key".[298] In a review of her seventh studio album, Love?, Alex Macpherson from BBC Music complimented Lopez, "(She) possesses both a lightness of touch and the effortless confidence of one of nature's own divas, which means that whenever she hits the floor to essay up-tempo swagger tracks she convinces without being as overbearing. Love? seeks to showcase her vulnerability and depth of feeling."[299]
Influences[link]
 |
 |
 |
||
|
Barbra Streisand (left), Madonna (middle) and Janet Jackson (right) are three of Lopez's biggest influences
|
||||
From a musical perspective, Lopez has viewed Madonna as a big influence.[300] In an interview with NY Rock, when asked who was her first biggest musical influence, Lopez stated "I think Madonna. For my era growing up, [she] was the quintessential performer, and a push-the-envelope type of person. I don't think that I'm a push-the-envelope type of person. But I think Madonna was so visionary. And in her shows, she was so expressive. So that was very inspiring for me as a young girl. I remember seeing a lot of her shows."[301] According to Fouz-Hernández, female pop performers like Lopez were like "Madonna's daughters in the very direct sense that they grew up listening to and admiring Madonna, and decided they wanted to be like her."[302] Other musical influences for Lopez include Selena,[303] Janet Jackson,[304] Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, Toni Braxton, Gloria Estefan, Deborah Gibson, Paula Abdul, Spice Girls and Salt-N-Pepa.[305] Lopez has credited Barbra Streisand as her idol, saying that she felt that she "graduated" from music when she sang Streisand's music.[306] Pop music critic Gene Stout commented that Janet Jackson in particular has influenced a younger generation of performers including Lopez.[307] Lopez has also stated that newer artists have also more "inspired" her rather than influenced her as an artist, such as Lady GaGa. Lopez told MTV News that "I'm always motivated by other artists and inspired by them. They inspire me because when i see other people doing great things, it makes me want to do great things too. I never am one to look at other people and try to do what they do. I always feel like a true artist does what they do and it is very very individual to who they are. I love her [Gaga] sense of lyric and melody, I feel like she’s very interesting. It’s just not something you’re gonna hear everyday. I really love the records she worked on and was glad to be able to take those and make them my own and actually have that collaboration with her. I feel very lucky to have done that."[308] After motherhood, Lopez also credited her twins as a huge influence in the direction of her music, "You can't help but put not only your kids into it, but to put anything you are going through in your music. That's the only thing you can really sing or write is stuff that you know. The more music you make and the more that you get into it and the more you write, the more you realize that's all you can write."[287] Lopez has credited former husband Marc Anthony for giving her confidence to sing, stating in a 2012 interview with Vogue Magazine "He always told me what a beautiful voice I have [sic] He was like, ‘It’s in there; you just gotta let it out. It’s a confidence thing with you.’ Then all of a sudden one day I was like, ‘I’m good at this!’"[309]
Music videos and choreography[link]
File:Jennifer Lopez - Papi (Music Video).jpg
Lopez surrounded by men in her music video for "Papi" during a dance break
Lopez is well known for her upbeat pop songs and Latin-pop influenced dancing abilities. She is professionally trained dancer[310]—initially beginning her career as a dancer ("fly girl") on In Living Color from 1991 to 1993, before venturing into acting and later a recording career.[311] She began to learn and master different dance techniques from self-paid dance classes, and became a back-up dancer for Janet Jackson.[311] When she was a child, she specialized in ballet, jazz and flamenco dancing.[312] She has worked with well known choreographers Dave Scott, Cris Judd (her former husband), Brian Friedman, Wade Robson, Tyce Diorio, Travis Payne, Jeri Slaughter, Laurie Ann Gibson, Mia Michaels and Tina Landon.[313] Top 10.com ranked Lopez 5th on their "Top 10 All Time Best Dancers in the World" list, placing her ahead of Gene Kelly, Janet Jackson and M.C. Hammer, describing her as both a glamour queen and a terrific dancer.[314] In her 2004 film Shall We Dance in which she starred opposite Richard Gere, Lopez and Gere danced many genres, including Salsa dance and Ballroom dance.[312][315] In the film, her dance technique received praise.[316]
Lopez's music videos are well known for having dance breaks, including her music videos for "If You Had My Love" (1999) and "Love Don't Cost a Thing" (2000)—she brought back dance breaks in her later music videos for "I'm Into You" and "Papi" (2011).[317] Her debut music video, for "If You Had My Love" directed by Paul Hunter, is notable for its theme of voyeurism; Lopez sings and dances while others watch her from various other locations through different types of screens. The video also includes her "signature" dance break.[318] Her third single Waiting For Tonight's music video is set at a party counting down to The New Year (in this case, being 1999, a "millennium party"), the song's success on the charts was due to the video's anticipated theme towards the year 2000.[319] Lopez's music video for "I'm Glad" (from her third studio album This Is Me...Then) was described as one of he more "complicated" videos which recreated scenes from a 1983 film Flashdance.[320] In the music video for "Get Right" (2005) directed by Francis Lawrence, Lopez sports several different characters including a bartender, stripper, nerdy girl and a superstar among several others all at a nightclub.[321] The video for her comeback single, "On the Floor" (2011) was praised for its sex appeal which was compared to her music video for "I'm Gonna Be Alright" (2002).[322] Matthew Perpetua from Rolling Stone said it was "classic Lopez tweaked for 2011" with upgraded dance-pop style, and a high fashion wardrobe as eccentric as that of Rihanna and Lady Gaga.[323] The music video for "On The Floor" allowed Lopez to enter social media charts[324] and Entertainment Weekly's Tanner Stransky said that the clip brought back the old Lopez that everyone knew and loved, and also added that it was "Sexy and sultry".[325] Her follow up video, "I'm Into You" was praised, Kyle Anderson from Entertainment Weekly applauded her natural beauty and said "that time-out at the three-quarters mark is as sharp as any diva dance break you’ll see."[326] In her music video for "Papi", Lopez consumes a chocolate chip cookie which will allow her "love" to come back, given to her by her apartment mail attendant; she takes too large a bite, resulting in the magic of the cookie to become effective—groups of men chase her around town until her true love finds her.[327] The video received positive feedback, a writer from Huffington Post wrote "Ms. Lopez has still got it —'Jenny from the Block' breaks into a signature group dance number and kills it!"[328] After the release of the video for her single "Dance Again" which featured Lopez's real-life boyfriend, Casper Smart, John Mitchell from MTV News looked back on Lopez's previous videos, saying that she had a "history" of flaunting her men in videos.[329]
Lopez has been nominated for a total of 18 MTV Video Music Awards, winning two throughout her career. She was ranked at number twenty-one on VH1's "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era" list.[330] Throughout her music videos, she has worked with several directors and choreographers, including working with Paul Hunter, Francis Lawrence and Dave Meyers several times.[331][321][332] She is considered a sex symbol through her music videos.[333] Jennifer Lopez considers Janet Jackson a big influence on her dancing and music videos. She has lauded Jackson's videography, stating her music videos "had such an impact on me as a fan but also as an artist."[334] Lopez has named Jackson's music video for "The Pleasure Principle" as her favorite dancing music video of all time.[335]
Legacy[link]
Lopez has been described has having "epitomized the definition of America's sweetheart," having crept into millions of homes with her music, movies, accessories and clothing lines.[312] Her manager, Benny Medina, who Lopez said is her "creative soulmate"[336] has described Lopez as "the best all-rounded entertainer of our generation."[337] Patricia J. Duncan wrote of Lopez in her 1999 Unauthorized biography, calling her a "force to be reckoned with." Ray Martin from 60 Minutes said "She's a rarity," calling one of the "few Hollywood stars you can actually admire [...] when you meet her she's just as gorgeous, just as likeable, as she is on screen." Martin also said that Lopez is "up there with Madonna," having starred in movies alongside leading men like George Clooney, Robert Redford and Jack Nicholson adding that she is a merchandising marvel, too.[338]
Lopez is well-known for being the first Latina actress or singer to be so commercially successful in the limelight; growing up she looked up to puerto-rican born Rita Moreno, as she stated that there were "Zero Latinos on TV, so Rita Moreno was the only one I identified to."[24] Nobel prize recipient, Jose Ramos Horta called Lopez a remarkable women and true inspiration after seing her work on the film, Bordertown.[339] Cindy Pearlman from The Record said that Lopez is responsible for welcoming a "Latina presence to a film industry" as for most of its history it had been a whites-only preserve.[340] In his book, Icons of American Popular Culture, Robert C. Cotrell described Jennifer Lopez as being a Latina Oprah Winfrey, writing that Lopez was the embodiment of the American dream, by "Boasting far more authentic rags-to-riches tale". Cotrell also called her a "multidimensional artist who had turned into a financial powerhouse." He continued on to say the impact she had on both Hollywood and the Spanish world, "In a largely singular fashion, Lopez had demonstrated that a Latina could remain on the Hollywood "A" list, to be a top recording artist, and operate as a major player in the corporate world, with her prefumes alone pulling over $500 million annually."[339] The head of Interscope Records who appears on American Idol, Jimmy Iovine said Lopez has "got that power. She is a force. She brings the whole package—there is very little missing in Jennifer Lopez."[336]
Lopez has had much praise over the course of her career, with several citing her as an inspiration for their own careers. Fellow Latin music artist Kat DeLuna, who is relatively new, said "Jennifer helped pave the way for Latinas like myself. I love her."[341] Actress Kerry Washington also cites Lopez as the actual reason for her career, during an interview with Essence in 2012, she said "I grew up blocks away from Jennifer Lopez. She and I went to the same Boys & Girls Club. She was like the dancer who made it big and moved to Hollywood. I don't know if I would've taken a risk in my career if it weren't for you (Jennifer)."[342] Popstar Britney Spears says Lopez has become a major "beauty" icon and Idol for herself; Spears said "Jennifer Lopez is my idol – she's so beautiful and even though she's gotten older, she hasn't aged at all. She looks more amazing than ever and I really admire and respect that."[343] Kelly Osbourne said that she admires Lopez, stating that "Jennifer Lopez was voted The Most Beautiful Woman in the World by People magazine. I couldn't agree more. I've met her and she's stunning."[344][345]
Co-star and singer Cheryl Cole has stated that she wants to have a body like Jennifer Lopez.[346] In fact, Lopez's body has had such an impact on the world (in particularly women) that in a 2011 survey by "Nutrisystem Diet Index", it was proved that most American women would have Lopez's "lean legs and bubble butt".[347][348] Reality Television star Kim Kardashian has named Lopez a style icon,[349] Kardashian branded Lopez's personal fashion sense/style as "fun and flirty and sexy, just feminine. I love her!", and said she is a major style inspiration for her.[349] Raquel Castro, her co-star from Jersey Girl (Now 17 years old and was a contestant on American singing show The Voice), had stated she had a strong bond with her on-screen mother from the film, and that Lopez had been her main role model for her career from the start;[350] "Jennifer Lopez has been my role model from the start. I wore out my VCR tape of the movie Selena, probably watching it a million times; when I found out I had been chosen to play her daughter in a feature-film, OMG I was screaming like crazy."[350] Australian R&B singer Jessica Mauboy has said stated that she is a big fan of Lopez.[351] Singer-songwriter Michael Doughty said that Lopez was a key inspiration for reviving his music career as a solo artist after leaving his band, Soul Coughing "One of the key moments was seeing a Jennifer Lopez video (around 1999) [...] She's a year older than me and she's in this video and she's in the Bronx and going out clubbing and going to the beauty salon. I'd thought, well I'm 29, my life's over, I'm elderly. And I looked at her and thought, she's 30, how is she walking? [...] the revelation came watching a Jennifer Lopez video."[352] Nicki Minaj has stated "I love J-Lo. I love what she's done for pop culture I have nothing but respect for her."[353] Actress Anna Kendrick who was her co-star in the film What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012), has described her as "the most beautiful creature on the planet" and said that "The way she looks in person is mind-blowing."[354]
Lopez also is well known for her fashion sense and style. Us Weekly named Lopez as Style Icon of the 2000–2010 decade.[355] Lopez's most memorable Fashion moment in her career was the Green Versace "Jungle Dress" that she wore at the 42nd Grammy Awards In 2000.[356] A poll by Debenhams, published in the Daily Telegraph, voted it the fifth most iconic dress of all time.[14] It has been cited along with the Elizabeth Hurley's black Versace dress as being the top dresses that made Versace a household name and the turning point in designer Donatella Versace's career after the death of her brother Gianni Versace. The dress is currently on display at the Grammy Museum in Los Angeles. For her Fashion sense, Lopez has earned several awards including a VH1 Award and Vogue Fashion Award in 1999 for "Most Fashionable Female Artist", achieving multiple other awards since for outstanding achievements and recognition. Lopez was complimented in an article for Elle, in which the author wrote – "She wears little visible makeup, and with her hair in a bun, huge hoop earrings, and a long halterdress on, she's squarely in casual-mother mode, a style Diane von Furstenberg describes as "exotic and earthy."[357] Lopez cites Urban, Edgy Bronx style as a contribution to her continuing fashion style.[358] Lopez says she is a fan of "Glamour" and "Old Hollywood Movie Stars" as a fashion sense.[359] Aside from her fashion sense in clothes, Lopez has changed her personal appearance multiple times, scoring several different hairstyles over the years.[360] Lopez's two-piece (eventually stripped down to a body-suit) "train dress highlighting her curves and flawless skin"[361] at the 2011 American Music Awards was both welcomed and praised but was received mixed and negatively, too.[362][363] Despite popularity and favoritism with her outfits, Lopez has also received negativity; the dress she wore in 2011 to the BAFTA Gala gave her the title of "Worst Dressed" of the evening along with others, most likely due to her open-abs section.[364] Apart from her image as a public fashion icon, Lopez has constantly displayed disappointment in a continuing rumor that states she is a demanding "diva",[365][366][367] however at the same time is considered a talented "diva" too.[368] Several others such as her 'American Idol co-worker Nigel Lythgoe has stated these rumors are wrong. The popularity of her personal life in the media has been a focus too, Jacqueline Springer reported in 2001, "'bling bling' to the fullest, she is high fashion's sole voluptuous mannequin and to the tabloids, well, she's more return value that an annual Travelcard."[369]
Lopez is the wealthiest Hispanic in Hollywood, and is described as the most influential Hispanic performer in the United States.[339] As of 2010, Lopez has sold an estimated 55 million records worldwide, making her one of the best selling musical artists of all time.[370] In addition to this, Billboard ranked her as the 27th Artist of the 2000–2010 decade.[4] VH1 ranked her 16 on their list of "100 Greatest Women In Music" In 2012.[371] In November 1998, Lopez was named "Sexiest Woman of the Year" by Details magazine.[372] Lopez appeared on FHM's 100 sexiest women list multiple times, notably being listed as No. 1 in 2000 and 2001, No. 4 in 2002, No. 6 in 2003, No. 7 in 2004. She is the first woman to top the list for two consecutive years.[373] In People en Español's list of "100 Most Influential Hispanics" addition in February 2007, Lopez was listed first; the Top 100 also included the likes of Shakira and Enrique Iglesias.[7] On The Hollywood Reporter's Annual Actress Salary List, Lopez has appeared in 2004, 2003 and 2002.[10] She is the only Latina actress to accomplish this, or even appear within the top ten of this list.[10] Her role in the 1998 film Out of Sight earned her a paycheck of over $1 million, making her the world's highest-paid Latin actress.[50] In 2001, Lopez became the first female to have a film and album both be number one at the same time in the United States.[23][69][71] In 2011, she was named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People's Choice magazine.[374]
Lopez comeback to music in 2011 with her single "On the Floor" in addition to her multiple endorsement deals, clothing line and appointment as judge on American Idol is considered the best comeback of the year,[375][376] and is regarded as one of the best comebacks of all time.[187] Her music video for "On The Floor" was viewed 454 million times in the space of 2011, to become the most-viewed video of the year,[377] the most-watched video by a female artist, and the second most viewed video of all time, behind teen-idol Justin Bieber's "Baby".[378][379] In 2012, Forbes placed her number on on the most powerful celebrity list with earnings of $US52 million in the past year.[336]
Filmography[link]
Main articles: Jennifer Lopez filmography and Jennifer Lopez videography
- Leading roles
- 1997: Selena, Selena Quintanilla-Perez
- 1997: Anaconda, Terri Flores
- 2000: The Cell, Catherine Deane
- 2001: The Wedding Planner, Mary Fiore
- 2001: Angel Eyes, Sharon Pogue
- 2002: Enough, Slim Hiller
- 2002: Maid in Manhattan, Marisa Ventura
- 2005: Monster-in-Law, Charlie
- 2006: Bordertown, Lauren Adrian
- 2010: The Back-up Plan, Zoe
- 2012: What to Expect When You're Expecting, Holly
Discography[link]
Main articles: Jennifer Lopez discography and List of songs recorded by Jennifer Lopez
- Studio albums
- 1999: On the 6
- 2001: J.Lo
- 2002: This Is Me... Then
- 2005: Rebirth
- 2007: Como ama una Mujer
- 2007: Brave
- 2011: Love?
- Compilation albums
Tours[link]
- Concert tours
- Juntos en Concierto (2007)
- Dance Again World Tour (2012)
- Enrique Iglesias and Jennifer Lopez in Concert (2012)
- Concerts
- Let's Get Loud (2001)
- Live in Portugal (2007)
- Live in Athens (2008)
- Live at the Mohegan Sun (2011)
- Q'Viva! The Chosen Live (2012)
See also[link]
- Personal life of Jennifer Lopez
- List of Puerto Ricans
- List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)
- List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. dance chart
- List of best-selling music artists
- List of best selling music artists in U.S.
Notes[link]
- ^ Woog, Adam (2008-02). Jennifer Lopez. Chelsea House Publications. p. 9. ISBN 0-7910-9724-2. http://books.google.com/?id=Px8Q8w8SNVsC&pg=PA9&dq=jennifer+lopez+the+wedding+planner+jlo+number+one#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
- ^ Additional references:
- "Obsessions: Jennifer Lopez is back in a big, big way – CNN". Articles.cnn.com. April 14, 2011. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-04-14/entertainment/jennifer.lopez.career_1_music-video-jennifer-lopez-bennifer?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- Silverman, Stephen M. (October 31, 2001). "J.Lo Enters Movie Salary Stratosphere – Jennifer Lopez". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,622883,00.html. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- December 2, 2011 (December 2, 2011). "J.Lo and Casper Smart Travel to Morocco | Extra". Extratv.warnerbros.com. http://extratv.warnerbros.com/2011/12/jlo_and_casper_smart_travel_to_morocco.php#7_money_maker. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ "'American Idol' Adds Jennifer Lopez, Steven Tyler As Judges". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1648433/american-idol-adds-jennifer-lopez-steven-tyler-judges.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-08-03.
- ^ a b Best of the 2000s – Artists of the decade. Billboard. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez, Steven Tyler Announced As New Idol Judges". People. September 22, 2010. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20428050,00.html. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
- ^ David Riedel (June 24, 2011). "Jennifer Aniston, Vin Diesel among Hollywood Walk of Fame class of 2012". CBS (cbsnews.com). http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20074043-10391698.html. Retrieved 2012-01-25.
- ^ a b "J.Lo tops list of most influential Hispanics". Reuters. January 4, 2007. http://www.reuters.com/article/peopleNews/idUSN0417833620070105. Retrieved 2007-02-12.
- ^ Lea Goldman and Kiri Blakeley (January 18, 2007). "In Pictures: The Richest 20 Women In Entertainment". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2007/01/17/richest-women-entertainment-tech-media-cz_lg_richwomen07_0118womenstars_slide_10.html. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
- ^ "RapFix – Jennifer Lopez, Rihanna Land Atop Forbes Celebrity 100 List". Rapfix.mtv.com. 2012-05-16. http://rapfix.mtv.com/2012/05/16/jennifer-lopez-rihanna-land-atop-forbes-celebrity-100-list/. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ a b c d Nicole Kidman Tops The Hollywood Reporter's Annual Actress Salary List. (November 30, 2006). ItsaSurvey.com. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
- ^ "Stylevolution! Jennifer Lopez: From the Block to the Boulevard". UrbLife.com. March 4, 2011. http://www.urblife.com/the-look/stylevolution-jennifer-lopez.
- ^ Hampp, Andrew (December 13, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez Goes Commercial, Again". Billboard. New York. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/jennifer-lopez-goes-commercial-again-1005664752.story. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
- ^ Haig, Matt (October 2006). Brand Royalty: How the World's Top 100 Brands Thrive & Survive. Kogan Page Publishers. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-7494-4826-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=f4AJ0AU58a4C&pg=PA158. Retrieved 2011-05-16.
- ^ a b Urmee Khan (October 9, 2008), "Liz Hurley 'safety pin' dress voted the greatest dress", The Daily Telegraph (London), http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/3167702/Liz-Hurley-safety-pin-dress-voted-the-greatest-dress.html, retrieved 2011-05-01.
- ^ "People's Most Beautiful 2011". People. April 13, 2011. http://www.people.com/people/package/gallery/0,,20360857_20481337_20936764,00.html.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Net Worth". Celebrity Net Worth. 1969-07-24. http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-celebrities/singers/jennifer-lopez/. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ "Duty Captain's Report". Court TV. January 17, 2001. Archived from the original on 2008-02-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20080209202541/http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- ^ "Mamás y Mamacitas - Música". Terra. http://www.terra.com/musica/fotos/mamas_y_mamacitas/64457. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ a b c "The Triple Threat: Jennifer Lopez is Born". Evancarmichael.com. http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/619/The-Triple-Threat-Jennifer-Lopez-is-Born.html. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
- ^ Walls, Jeannette (June 2, 2007). "J. Lo defends TomKat and Scientology". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16441601/. Retrieved 2010-05-23. :(Commentary; "I, myself, am Catholic," Lopez told Southern Florida's NBC 6.")
- ^ Shakinovsky, Tania. "J-Lo's Catholic wedding plans crushed by church rules". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-157734/J-Los-Catholic-wedding-plans-crushed-church-rules.html.
- ^ George Rush, Joanna Molloy, Celeste Katz (June 6, 2004). "J.Lo weds hubby No.3 Marries Marc Anthony at her swank L.A. digs". Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/06/06/2004-06-06_j_lo_weds_hubby__3___marries.html. Retrieved 2010-09-13. "Both are of Puerto Rican descent and share the Catholic faith." [dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Stated on Inside the Actors Studio, 2004
- ^ a b c Parish, James-Robert (November 30, 2005). Jennifer Lopez: Actor and Singer. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8160-5832-7. http://books.google.com/?id=lh1Y2OK-VdsC&pg=PA129&dq=J-Lo:+The+Secret+Behind+Jennifer+Lopez's+Clib+to+the+Top#v=onepage&q=J-Lo%3A%20The%20Secret%20Behind%20Jennifer%20Lopez's%20Clib%20to%20the%20Top&f=false.
- ^ Mannikka, Eleanor. "My Little Girl – Cast, Reviews, Summary, and Awards". AllRovi. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/my-little-girl-v34075. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ Gallick, Sarah (2003). National Enquirer. ed. J.Lo: The Secret Behind Jennifer Lopez's Rise to the Top. From the Files of the National Enquirer Series. Ami Books. ISBN 1-932270-07-8.
- ^ Morales, Ed (May 30, 1999). "COVER STORY; It's Not La Vida Loca to Her; Some say Jennifer Lopez is risking a lot by making the leap to music. But she and her backers are supremely confident she can ride the new Latin wave.". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Kelly, Sally (April 15, 2011). "Obsessions: Jennifer Lopez is back in a big, big way". (paltegraph.com). http://www.paltelegraph.com/entertainment/music/8939-obsessions-jennifer-lopez-is-back-in-a-big-big-way.html. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Celebrities...". Phillipine Daily Inquirer. September 17, 2005. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1qU1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=YSUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3298,14858913&dq=janet+jackson+that's+the+way+love+goes+jennifer+lopez&hl=en. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Brennan, Sandra. "Lost in the Wild – Cast, Reviews, Summary, and Awards". AllRovi. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/lost-in-the-wild-v160416. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ Scott, Tony (December 5, 1993). "Variety Reviews – Second Chances – Film Reviews". Variety (Reed Business Information). http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117907944?refcatid=31. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ Hale, Mike. "Second Chances – TV Series – Cast & Credits – Listings". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://tv.nytimes.com/show/159671/Second-Chances/overview. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ Tucker, Ken (August 5, 1994). "Hotel Malibu Review". Entertainment Weekly (Time Inc.). http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20219763,00.html. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ Hale, Mike. "Hotel Malibu – TV Series – Cast & Credits – Listings". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://tv.nytimes.com/show/156521/Hotel-Malibu/overview. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ Tobey, Matthew. "My Family – Cast, Reviews, Summary, and Awards". AllRovi. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/my-family-v133610. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ Anderson, John (November 22, 1995). "Money Train' Is Right On Time / Subway film is good fare for holidays". Newsday.
- ^ Dominguez, Robert (November 17, 1995). "Fly Girl Boards 'Money Train'". New York: (articles.nydailynews.com). http://articles.nydailynews.com/1995-11-17/entertainment/17974213_1_money-train-latina-rican. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Biography". People. http://www.people.com/people/jennifer_lopez/biography. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
- ^ "Jennifer López Bio". http://www.angelfire.com/ny/conexion/lopez_jennifer.html. Retrieved 2009-05-23.
- ^ Cobb, Chris (March 21, 1997). "Selena: One for the fans: But if you don't know the story, don't bother with the movie". The Spectator. Hamilton, Ont.. p. 12.
- ^ Associated Press (June 14, 1996). "Lopez gets Selena role". Dallas News.
- ^ "Portraying Selena". Lakeland Ledger. Associated Press. June 20, 1996. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1JJNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qfwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6673,5410310&dq=jennifer+lopez+plays+selena&hl=en. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Guzman, Isabel Molina and Angharad N. Valdivia. "Brain, Brow, and Booty: Latina Iconicity in U.S. Popular Culture", Routledge: Volume 7, Number 2 / April–June 2004.
- ^ Turan, Kenneth. Los Angeles Times, "In the Authorized Selena, She's Seen in the Best Light", Calendar Section, March 21, 1997. Accessed 2008-01-09.
- ^ Baltake, Joe (September 26, 2007). "JENNIFER LOPEZ IMBUES "SELENA' WITH STAR QUALITY". The Sacramento Bee. p. 13.
- ^ "J-Lo's Ex Will Fight To Tell All". CBS News. December 2, 2006. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/02/entertainment/main2223446.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
- ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (April 18, 1997). "Anaconda:Movie Review". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,287550,00.html. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
- ^ "Anaconda (1997): Reviews". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/anaconda. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
- ^ a b "Jennifer Lopez:Biography". Movies.msn.com. http://movies.msn.com/celebrities/celebrity-biography/jennifer-lopez/. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ a b "Jennifer Lopez pics". AskMen.com. http://www.askmen.com/women/singer/3c_jennifer_lopez.html. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
- ^ Kehr, Dave (June 26, 1998). "Clooney & Lopez Are Lovable At First 'Sight' George Plays A Bank Robber Who Steals Jennifer's Heart". New York: (articles.nydailynews.com). http://articles.nydailynews.com/1998-06-26/entertainment/18059236_1_karen-sisco-movie-star-packs. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Woody Allen adds angst to 'Antz'". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. October 4, 1998.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Turns Down The Heat For Antz". The Post and Courier: p. 72. October 4, 1998. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DphIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LwoNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4761,1990756&dq=jennifer+lopez+antz&hl=en. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ TV Program E! Hollywood True Story – Jennifer Lopez
- ^ a b "Lopez first CD to be released June 1". The Tuscaloosa News. May 25, 1999. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3z0dAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XqYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6783,5590180&dq=jennifer+lopez+play+released&hl=en. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ a b "Jennifer Lopez Eyes New Film Roles". MTV (mtv.com). June 18, 1999. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1431407/jennifer-lopez-eyes-new-film-roles.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ a b "If You Had My Love – Larry Gold (Billboard.com)". Billboard (billboard.com). http://www.billboard.com/#/song/jennifer-lopez/if-you-had-my-love/1832658. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Billboard.com. "Waiting For Tonight – Richie Jones". Billboard (billboard.com). http://www.billboard.com/#/song/jennifer-lopez/waiting-for-tonight/1832665. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "43rd Grammy Awards – 2001". Rockonthenet.com. February 21, 2001. http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2001/grammys.htm. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ "42nd Grammy Awards – 2000". Rockonthenet.com. February 23, 2000. http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2000/grammys.htm. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ "Lopez Scores Seven Billboard Video Awards Noms". Billboard (billboard.com). http://www.billboard.com/#/news/lopez-scores-seven-billboard-video-awards-949974.story. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Lee, Michelle (February 11, 2003). Fashion victim: our love-hate relationship with dressing, shopping, and the cost of style. Broadway Books. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-7679-1048-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=E3eBAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 2011-05-16.
- ^ a b Chambers, Rachel (February 23, 2001). "J.Lo Helps Put Donatella—and Herself—on the Fashion Map in That Green Dress". On This Day in Fashion. http://onthisdayinfashion.com/?p=11475. Retrieved 2011-05-16.
- ^ "Puff Daddy out on bail". BBC News. Tuesday, December 28, 1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/579912.stm. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Travers, Peter (August 18, 2000). "The Cell Movie Review". Rolling Stone. (rollingstone.com). http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/the-cell-20000818. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Pearlman, Cindy (August 17, 2000). "Living la vida Lopez isn't easy". The Record.
- ^ Mooney, Joshua (August 19, 2000). "Jennifer Lopez disses diva reputation ; Successful singer and star of new movie is in a word . . . nice". Toronto Star. Toronto. "Work on her second album, the follow-up to her three million-selling On The 6, is going well. She's got three new movies in various stages of completion, including Angel Eyes, which was filmed in Toronto this summer."
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez In Friday Kahlo Biopic?". VH1 (vh1.com). August 16, 2000. http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1436819/20000816/index.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ a b c "Jennifer Lopez Tops With Moviegoers, Music Buyers". VH1 (vh1.com). January 2001. http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1438902/20010131/index.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ a b Billboard. "Lopez Bows At No. 1; O-Town, Dream Debut High5". Billboard (billboard.com). http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=474548&zxtmsessid=4459230781#/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=474548&zxtmsessid=4459230781.
- ^ a b c Josh Tyrangiel (August 13, 2005). "Jennifer Lopez". Time. Archived from the original on 2009-03-01. http://web.archive.org/web/20090301064251/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1093638,00.html. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
- ^ Cohen, Jonathan (January 31, 2001). "Lopez Bows At No. 1; O-Town, Dream Debut High5". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc). http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=474548&zxtmsessid=4459230781. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
- ^ Reigh, Len (January 27, 2001). "Jennifer Lopez: J. LO" (Newspaper). The Morning Call. Allentown, Pa..
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Jennifer Lopez Chart History". Billboard (billboard.com). http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=474548&zxtmsessid=4459230781#/artist/jennifer-lopez/chart-history/339297. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "Mariah 'Ripped Off' Twice on Same Record". Fox News. April 4, 2002. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,49437,00.html. Retrieved 2011-05-28.
- ^ "On the 6/J-Lo – Jennifer Lopez". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/album/on-the-6-j-lo-r900494. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
- ^ "Lopez is simply out of sight in 'Angel Eyes'". The Detroit News. May 18, 2001.
- ^ a b "Jennifer Lopez and Cris Judd Wedding". Lovetripper.com. September 29, 2001. http://www.lovetripper.com/bridal/wedding-database/lopez-judd.html. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- ^ "Tabloids: Jennifer Lopez is expecting". Philadelphia Inquirer. June 13, 2001. "Tabloids in London and the Big Apple are reporting that Jennifer Lopez is preggers"
- ^ Goodman, Abbey (February 13, 2002). "Jennifer Lopez Kicks The Boys To The Curb On Next Week's Albums Chart Singer's remix album knocks Alan Jackson, Creed from top of Billboard 200". MTV (mtv.com). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1452273/jennifer-lopez-tops-albums-chart.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Biography Page". FamousQT.com. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20070312090217/http://www.famousqt.com/profile.asp?celeb=38. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
- ^ a b c d Trust, Gary (October 1, 2010). "Ask Billboard: Analyzing 'American Idol'". Billboard (billboard.com). http://www.billboard.com/column-chartbeat/ask-billboard-analyzing-american-idol-1004118716.story#/column-chartbeat/ask-billboard-analyzing-american-idol-1004118716.story. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Danbey, Andrew (February 13, 2002). "J.Lo Unseats Jackson Remix album gives Lopez her second straight Number One". Rolling Stone (rollingstone.com). http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/j-lo-unseats-jackson-20020213. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Theokas, Christopher (February 14, 2002). "J. Lo's remix disc premieres high on charts". USA TODAY. McLean, Va.. p. 11. "J to tha L-O ends three weeks at the top by Alan Jackson's Drive, which drops to second place."
- ^ Basham, David (March 22, 2002). "Got Charts? B2K Vs. Lil' Bow Wow, Destiny's Child Vs. J. Lo". MTV (mtv.com). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1453035/got-charts-b2k-dc3-j-lo.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Hasty, Katie (February 25, 2011). "Justin Bieber's new remix album claims No. 1 on The Billboard 200". keyt.com. http://www.keyt.com/entertainment/?feed=bim&id=116911503. Retrieved 2012-01-29. "This makes it four top 10 albums for The Bieb. And this marks the first remix set to top the list since Jennifer Lopez's "J to tha L-O! The Remixes" took the top in 2002."
- ^ "More meat in the latest Red Hot Chili Peppers LP". The Philippine Star. July 26, 2002. http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=169636. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Latest Music News, Band, Artist, Musician & Music Video News | Billboard.com
- ^ Nechak, Paula (May 23, 2002). "J-Lo's latest tepid role will have audiences saying 'Enough'". (seattlepi.com). http://www.seattlepi.com/ae/movies/article/J-Lo-s-latest-tepid-role-will-have-audiences-1087875.php. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Lopez mightily declares 'enough'". May 24, 2002. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SB&p_theme=sb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F3BE83093DB8A38&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Schaefer, Stephen (May 19, 2002). "MOVIES; Singer-actress Jennifer Lopez shows her strength in thriller `Enough'". Boston Herald (Boston).
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez, husband Cris Judd split after 8 months of marriage". San Jose Mercury News (California). June 8, 2002.
- ^ "News, Sept. 17: Colin Farrell Becomes a Father, Judd's Dad Blames Ben for Jen & Cris' Split, Bono Clashes With President Bush, More…". Hollywood.com. September 17, 2003. http://www.hollywood.com/news/News_Sept_17_Colin_Farrell_Becomes_a_Father_Judds_Dad_Blames_Ben_for_Jen__Cris_Split_Bono_Clashes_With_President_Bush_More/1728146. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- ^ "Lopez and Affleck romance". The Scotsman. July 26, 2002. http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/lopez_and_affleck_romance_1_848398. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
- ^ Ben and Jen Split
- ^ Williams, Jeanne (December 10, 2002). "J. Lo, Ben make first appearance as fiances". USA Today: p. 2.
- ^ a b c "J-Lo disc declares her love". The Age (Melbourne). November 27, 2002. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/11/27/1038274342213.html. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "This Is Me... Then – Jennifer Lopez". Billboard (billboard.com). http://www.billboard.com/news/britney-spears-adele-rule-billboard-com-1005683362.story#/album/jennifer-lopez/this-is-me-then/560894. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Neil J. Rosini and Michael I Rudell (October 27, 2006). "Life Story Releases: "Flashdance" & "Chorus Line"". New York Law Journal. http://www.fwrv.com/news/article.cfm?id=100757. Retrieved 2007-05-12. [dead link]
- ^ Leslie Simmons (June 12, 2006). "9th Circuit Upholds Win for Lopez, Studios in 'Flashdance' Case". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 2007-08-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20070805150055/http://www.hollywoodreporteresq.com/thresq/litigation/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1002651975. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
- ^ Gary Susman (December 9, 2002). "Keeping It Reel". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
- ^ A.O. Scott (December 13, 2002). "Film Review; Puttin' Down Mop, Puttin' On the Ritz". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
- ^ Bonin, Liane (October 31, 2003). "Pot Pans Kettle. Madonna calls J.Lo overexposed. The Material Girl says Bennifer could have avoided the media meltdown that postponed their wedding". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,536029,00.html. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (December 9, 2002). "Overexposed? Is There Too Much J.Lo?". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,625069,00.html. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
- ^ Taylor, Charles (July 30, 2003). ""Gligli" Jennifer Lopez". (salon.com). http://www.salon.com/2003/07/30/gigli/. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Julie Gordon and Steven Snyder (August 3, 2003). "Reviews are sour, but 'Gigli' fans like the eye candy". USA Today (usatoday.com). http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2003-08-03-gigli-reax_x.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Media in frenzy over postponed 'Bennifer' wedding". The Age (Los Angeles). September 13, 2003. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/12/1063341766856.html. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
- ^ "Ben Affleck, Jennifer Lopez delay wedding after location leaks out". San Jose Mercury News. September 11, 2003.
- ^ "Did Bennifer Follow Wedding Etiquette?". http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,626828,00.html. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
- ^ Catchpole, Zoe (January 23, 2004). "'Bennifer' wedding is off". (thisislondon.co.uk). http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-8784942-bennifer-wedding-is-off.do. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
- ^ Paula Froelich and Adam Miller "J.Lo blow for Ben – Jennifer boots party-boy beau" (page 7). New York Post. January 23, 2004
- ^ "J.LO LIVES DOWN 'GIGLI' ALONE". New York Post. August 5, 2003.
- ^ "Shall We Dance (2004)". Box Office Mojo. February 24, 2005. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=shallwedance.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-07.
- ^ By Andrew Dansby (June 7, 2004). "J.Lo, Marc Anthony Marry | Music News". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/j-lo-marc-anthony-marry-20040607. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- ^ "Wedding highlights J.Lo's true talent: getting us talking". http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AASB&p_theme=aasb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1031F01295C1112D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
- ^ "Lopez-Anthony wedding video leads to arrests - Entertainment - Celebrities". MSNBC. http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10643569/site/todayshow/ns/today-entertainment/t/lopez-anthony-wedding-video-leads-arrests/#.T21q1RGPXi4. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- ^ a b "Jennifer Lopez's new 'Rebirth' album to debut March 1". UPI News Service. realitytvworld.com. December 12, 2004. http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/jennifer-lopez-new-rebirth-album-debut-march-1-1000452.php. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "Get Right – Jennifer Lopez". Billboard (billboard.com). http://www.billboard.com/news/britney-spears-adele-rule-billboard-com-1005683362.story#/song/jennifer-lopez/get-right/5797417. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez – Get Right (Video)". YouTube / VEVO. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WIsnC-h1d0&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Billboard.com (March 8, 2005). "50 Cent Massacres Album Chart Competition". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000834730#/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000834730. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ a b Lumenick, Lou (March 13, 2005). "SO FONDA THE FIGHT". New York Post: p. 48.
- ^ Lowe, Kinsey (May 16, 2005). "'Monster-in-Law' gets a cheery reception; The comedy with Jane Fonda and Jennifer Lopez debuts at No.1 on another weekend off the pace set in 2004.". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California).
- ^ Vincent, Mal (May 13, 2005). "Humor is relative in "Monster-in-Law"". The Virginian Pilot.
- ^ "Monster-in-Law (2005)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monsterinlaw.htm.
- ^ "Actress Jennifer Lopez [The Movie Times] – Box Office, Movies, Gallery, Biography, and more". The-movie-times.com. http://www.the-movie-times.com/thrsdir/actress/actressProfiles.mv?jlopez. Retrieved 2009-10-07.
- ^ Summers, Chris. BBC News, "Hollywood Tackles Mexican Mystery," September 10, 2006.
- ^ "Film Group Honors Geena Davis & Jennifer Lopez". Starpulse.com. April 19, 2006. http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2006/04/19/film_group_honors_geena_davis_aamp_jenni. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ a b contact music (January 30, 2006). "Jennifer Lopez – J.Lo To Prove Critics Wrong With Spanish Album". contactmusic.com. http://www.contactmusic.com/news-article/j.lo-to-prove-critics-wrong-with-spanish-album_30_01_2006. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ a b "Gossip Celebrity Watch: Jennifer Lopez celebrates release of her Spanish album". sawfnews.com. March 28, 2007. http://www.sawfnews.com/Gossip/35174.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ a b "Como Ama una Mujer". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/album/jennifer-lopez/como-ama-una-mujer/899849. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
- ^ a b "Jennifer Lopez's First Spanish-Language Album is an Instant No. 1 on the Billboard Latin Chart: Como Ama Una Mujer Breaks Records with Highest Sales for an Artist's Debut Spanish-Language Album". New York: (prweb.com). April 6, 2007. http://www.prweb.com/releases/spanish/jennifer/prweb517033.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ a b c d e f "Britney Spears, Blackout (Jive) ****; Jennifer Lopez, Brave (Epic) ****". November 8, 2007. http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/1818825.m5ec/?from=ec&to=1818825&l=britney_spears_blackout_jive_jennifer_lopez_brave_epic_. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ a b "Jennifer Lopez Promotes Spanish Album in Home Bronx". (novinite.com). March 29, 2007. http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=78573. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "Lopez returns to the Bronx to promote Spanish album". The Alberny Herald. New York: (google.com/newspapers). March 30, 2007. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PzFEAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YbEMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4465,4668153&dq=jennifer+lopez+spanish+album&hl=en. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Jonathan Cohen (July 24, 2007) Lopez, Anthony Confirm Joint Fall Tour Billboard.com. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
- ^ "Roberto Cavalli Confirms J.Lo's Pregnancy – Jennifer Lopez". Hollyscoop.com. http://www.hollyscoop.com/jennifer-lopez/roberto-cavalli-confirms-jlos-pregnancy.html. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
- ^ "Singer Lopez confirms pregnancy". BBC. November 8, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7084486.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
- ^ Dagostino, Mark (November 17, 2007). "Jennifer Lopez 'Very Healthy' During Pregnancy". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20161283,00.html. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
- ^ Scott, A. O. (August 3, 2007). "movies.nytimes.com". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/2007/08/03/movies/03cant.html. Retrieved 2011-03-16.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez's New English Album to be Released Oct. 9". (aceshowbiz.com). August 15, 2007.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez's 'Brave' new album". (tourdates.co.uk). August 15, 2007. http://www.tourdates.co.uk/news/11317-jennifer-lopezs-brave-new-album. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "Producer J. R. Rotem Helping 50 Get Soul, Tossing Beats For Dr. Dre". VH1. December 19, 2006. http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1548396/20061218/50_cent.jhtml?headlines=true. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
- ^ a b Copsey, Robert (May 4, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez: 'Love?'". Digital Spy. (digitalspy.com). http://www.digitalspy.com.au/music/albumreviews/a317729/jennifer-lopez-love.html. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Olllison, Rashod D. (October 9, 2007). "LOPEZ'S 'BRAVE' NOT SO DARING". The Sun. Baltimore.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez's Dad Confirms Twins". People. February 5, 2008. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20176321,00.html. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez & Marc Anthony Welcome Twins!". People. February 22, 2008. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20171851,00.html. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez & Marc Anthony Reveal Baby Names". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20181407,00.html. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
- ^ "Jackson Pic Won't Make List Of Priciest Celeb Photos". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2009/07/01/michael-jackson-magazine-business-media-jackson.html. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
- ^ "Updated: Jennifer Lopez Confirms Split With Epic Records". Billboard. September 14, 2009. http://www.billboard.com/news/updated-jennifer-lopez-confirms-split-with-1004070556.story?tag=hpfeed#/news/updated-jennifer-lopez-confirms-split-with-1004070556.story?tag=hpfeed. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
- ^ Source: Sophie Barnett (March 28, 2011). "J-Lo To Tour Oz! | Jennifer Lopez | News | MTV Australia". Mtv.com.au. http://www.mtv.com.au/news/a1f81532-jennifer-lopez-to-tour-australia-mtv-classic/. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- ^ Caplan, David (October 7, 2009). "First listen: Jennifer Lopez's Dance Track 'Fresh Out of the Oven'". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20310928,00.html. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez to Meet Mothers Barney". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Jennifer-Lopez-Guest-1014258.aspx.
- ^ Dziemianowicz, Joe (February 23, 2010). "Jennifer Lopez splits from longtime record label Sony; future of JLo's new album in doubt". Daily News (New York). http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/2010/02/23/2010-02-23_was_jennifer_lopez_dropped_by_longtime_record_label_sony_future_of_jlos_new_albu.html. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
- ^ Finke, Nikki (September 24, 2008). "Hollywood Entertainment Breaking News – Nikki Finke on Deadline.com/hollywood". Deadline.com. http://www.deadline.com/hollywood/exclusive-jennifer-lopez-and-sony-music-epic-records-split-new-album-love-wont-be-released-is-it-amicable/. Retrieved 2010-04-08. [dead link]
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Exits Epic Records, Headed to Island Def Jam?". Rap-Up.com. http://www.rap-up.com/2010/02/22/jennifer-lopez-exits-epic-records-headed-to-island-def-jam/. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ Up for Discussion Jump to Forums (February 23, 2010). "Jennifer Lopez announces split with Epic Records". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/news/updated-jennifer-lopez-confirms-split-with-1004070556.story#/news/updated-jennifer-lopez-confirms-split-with-1004070556.story. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Says She's Already Signed New Label Deal". mtv. February 24, 2010. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1632499/20100224/lopez_jennifer.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
- ^ Lopez signs with Def Jam[dead link]
- ^ "Thaddis Kuk Harrell 2010 Album Projects | Mix Profiles Recording Thaddis Kuk Harrell 2010 Album Projects at Boom Boom Room Recording Studio". Mixonline.com. May 21, 2010. http://mixonline.com/recording/tracking/kuk_harrell_boom_boom_room/. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ David Stanley Ford (June 3, 2009). "Jennifer Lopez is Back for 'The Back-Up Plan'". NewsOK.com. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
- ^ "The Back-Up Plan". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=backupplan.htm.
- ^ "Friday Report: 'Back-Up Plan' Tops the Day, 'Dragon' to Top the Weekend". Box Office Mojo. April 24, 2010. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=2736&p=.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-11.
- ^ Honeycutt, Kirk (April 7, 2010). "The Back-Up Plan – Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film-reviews/the-back-up-plan-film-review-1004080985.story.
- ^ "Review: 'The Back-Up Plan'". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Corporation, Inc.). April 23, 2010. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/04/22/MVIK1D27U9.DTL#ixzz0lywtVyTa. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
- ^ "Source: Jennifer Lopez to Be an American Idol Judge – Celebrity News". UsMagazine.com. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebritynews/news/source-jennifer-lopez-to-be-an-american-idol-judge-2010307. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ Hutchinson, Bill (July 30, 2010). "Ellen DeGeneres leaves 'American Idol'; Jennifer Lopez reportedly close to replacing her". Daily News (New York). http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv/2010/07/29/2010-07-29_ellen_degeneres_leaving_american_idol.html.
- ^ "Show Tracker". The Los Angeles Times. July 30, 2010. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/07/american-idols-backup-plan-with-jennifer-lopez-not-ready-for-delivery.html.
- ^ Savage, Lesley (August 11, 2010). "Jennifer Lopez's 'American Idol' deal falls through: Report". Entertainment Weekly. http://news-briefs.ew.com/2010/08/11/jennifer-lopez-out-american-idol-judge/. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ "Is American Idol Dumping Jennifer Lopez Already? – E! Online". Uk.eonline.com. August 11, 2010. http://uk.eonline.com/uberblog/watch_with_kristin/b194767_american_idol_dumping_jennifer_lopez.html. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ "Nigel Lythgoe Discusses Saving 'Idol,' Defends Ellen & J.Lo – Reality Rocks". New.music.yahoo.com. August 12, 2010. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/realityrocks/385508/nigel-lythgoe-discusses-saving-idol-defends-ellenjlo/. Retrieved 2011-08-06. [dead link]
- ^ Thursday, May 13, 2010, 13:29 BST (May 13, 2010). "US TV – News – Lopez, Anthony linked to US 'X Factor'". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/ustv/s103/the-x-factor/news/a219700/lopez-anthony-linked-to-us-x-factor.html. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Finalizes 'American Idol' Deal". Rap-Up.com. September 14, 2010. http://www.rap-up.com/2010/09/14/jennifer-lopez-finalizes-american-idol-deal/. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez: A reality TV revival?". CNN. September 23, 2010. http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/TV/09/22/jennifer.lopez.american.idol/.
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (July 30, 2010). "Is Jennifer Lopez The Right Replacement For Ellen DeGeneres On 'American Idol'?". (mtv.com). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1644821/jlo-right-american-idol.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Sciarretto, Amy (January 19, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez's "On the Floor" Leaks". (artistdirect.com). http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/jennifer-lopez-s-on-the-floor-leaks/8692188. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ MTV News (January 20, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez's 'On The Floor' Will Be 'A Big One,' Producer RedOne Predicts". VH1 (vh1.com). http://www.vh1.com/artists/news/1656277/20110120/lopez_jennifer.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Trust, Gary (March 3, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez Leaps Onto Hot 100 with 'On the Floor'". Billboard (billboard.com). New York. http://www.billboard.com/news/jennifer-lopez-leaps-onto-hot-100-with-on-1005057282.story#/news/jennifer-lopez-leaps-onto-hot-100-with-on-1005057282.story. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ YouTube. March 3, 2011 Jennifer Lopez – On The Floor (video)
- ^ "IFPI DIGITAL MUSIC REPORT 2012 – KEY FACTS AND FIGURES". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. http://ifpi.com/content/library/DMR2012_key_facts_and_figures.pdf. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
- ^ "I'm Into You – Jennifer Lopez (Billboard)". Billboard (billboard.com). http://www.billboard.com/#/song/jennifer-lopez-featuring-lil-wayne/i-m-into-you/25408370. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Caulfield, Keith (May 11, 2011). "Beastie Boys Score No. 2 Debut on Billboard 200, Adele Holds at No. 1". Billboard (billboard.com). http://www.billboard.com/news/beastie-boys-score-no-2-debut-on-billboard-1005179162.story#/news/beastie-boys-score-no-2-debut-on-billboard-1005179162.story. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Shetler, Scott. "Jennifer Lopez, 'Love?' – Album Review". PopCrush. http://popcrush.com/jennifer-lopez-love-album-review/. Retrieved 2011-05-04.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony Split". UsMagazine.com. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebritynews/news/jennifer-lopez-and-marc-anthony-split-2011157. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ "Lopez and Anthony Split". (moono.com). July 15, 2011. http://www.moono.com/news/news17145.html. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
- ^ Ann Pride (April 15, 2012). "Marc Anthony 'wanted reconciliation with Jennifer Lopez' but she said no | Mail Online". Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2129740/Marc-Anthony-wanted-reconciliation-Jennifer-Lopez-said-no.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved 2012-04-27.
- ^ Garibaldi, Christina (October 27, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez Covers Glamour Women Of The Year Issue". (mtv.com). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1673289/jennifer-lopez-glamour-women-of-the-year.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ a b c Kennedy, Gerrick D. (December 13, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez named 'world's greatest musical comeback act' – seriously". Los Angeles Times ((latimesblogs.latimes.com)). http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2011/12/jennifer-lopez-named-worlds-greatest-musical-comeback-act-seriously.html. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Lipshutz, Jason (December 15, 2011). "Britney Spears, Adele Rule Billboard.com's Readers Poll 2011". Billboard (billboard.com). New York. http://www.billboard.com/news/britney-spears-adele-rule-billboard-com-1005683362.story#/news/britney-spears-adele-rule-billboard-com-1005683362.story. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ a b c Hannah Elliott (2012-04-18). "The Real American Idol: How J.Lo Got Her Mojo Back". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2012/05/16/the-real-american-idol-how-j-lo-got-her-mojo-back/. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ "¡Q'Viva! – About". ¡Q'Viva! The Chosen. http://www.qvivathechosen.com/about.html. Retrieved 2012-01-07. [dead link]
- ^ Sheridan, Emily (January 31, 2012). "'Sometimes you don't agree and I say be quiet': Jennifer Lopez admits it can be difficult working with estranged husband Marc Anthony". Daily Mail. (dailymail.co.uk). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2094297/Jennifer-Lopez-admits-difficult-working-estranged-husband-Marc-Anthony.html. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony's 'Q'Viva: The Chosen': First Broadcast Partners Announced". The Hollywood Reporter. October 19, 2011. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jennifer-lopez-marc-anthonys-qviva-250584.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn. "Jennifer Lopez Planning Greatest-Hits Album". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1675098/jennifer-lopez-greatest-hits-album.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
- ^ Daw, Robbie. "Jennifer Lopez Greatest Hits Album Being Prepped For 2012". idolator.com. idolator. http://idolator.com/6095851/jennifer-lopez-greatest-hits-album-2012. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez planning greatest hits album". Times Of India. November 30, 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-30/news-and-interviews/30458405_1_justin-bieber-rihanna-album. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
- ^ "Twitter — @LA_Reid Status (December 22, 2011)". twitter. https://twitter.com/#!/LA_Reid/status/149807660819165184. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
- ^ a b c Naughton, Julie; Pete Born (February 9, 2012). "Getting to the Heart of J.Lo". (wwd.com). http://www.wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/people/jennifer-lopez-maintains-foothold-in-fragrance-5642440?full. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ "Chris Anokute 2012 Interview". SongwriterUniverse. http://www.songwriteruniverse.com/chris-anokute-123.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
- ^ http://www.billboard.com/#/charts/dance-club-play-songs?chartDate=2012-05-26
- ^ "Reggaeton duo include JLo in upcoming album". The Times of India. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez | Lmfao Hitmaker Goonrock Hoping To Get J.Lo's Clothes Off". Contactmusic. http://www.contactmusic.com/news/lmfao-hitmaker-goonrock-hoping-to-get-jlos-clothes-off_1323184. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
- ^ http://www.popjustice.com%2Fthenews%2Fjennifer-lopez-has-done-a-couple-of-songs-with-lmfao-producer-goonrock%2F&ei=d5SaT8HXEcqiiAfno4DEDg&usg=AFQjCNGgPHwBt1oe4zNnxcQPf53KXbFcxg
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Announces World Tour With Enrique Iglesias (Video)". The Hollywood Reporter. 2012-04-30. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jennifer-lopez-world-tour-enrique-iglesias-318102. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ Island Def Jam. "WORLD PREMIERE: Listen to Jennifer Lopez’s New Single ‘Goin’ In’ Featuring Flo Rida [AUDIO] | Ryan Seacrest - The official entertainment news site of American Idol host and American Top 40 on air radio personality!". Ryan Seacrest. http://ryanseacrest.com/2012/05/24/world-premiere-listen-to-jennifer-lopezs-new-single-goin-in-featuring-flo-rida-audio/?wt=2. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony Reunite for 'Q'Viva'". Extra TV. http://extratv.warnerbros.com.+January 15, 2012.
- ^ Copsey, Robert (June 21, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez 'in talks for world tour'". Digital Spy. (digitalspy.com). http://www.digitalspy.com.au/music/news/a325860/jennifer-lopez-in-talks-for-world-tour.html. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Associated Press. "Jennifer Lopez announces first concerts in Brazil". Newsday. March 26, 2012. http://www.newsday.com/news/nation/jennifer-lopez-announces-first-concerts-in-brazil-1.3624678. Retrieved 2012-03-29. [dead link]
- ^ E! News (February 23, 2011). "¡Jennifer López anuncia su gira Latinoamericana". La.eonline.com. http://la.eonline.com/venezuela/2012/jennifer-lopez-anuncia-su-gira-latinoamericana. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez News – Jennifer Lopez to Perform 60-Plus Dates On First-Ever World Tour, Beginning In June (EXCLUSIVE)". Celebuzz. April 28, 2011. http://www.celebuzz.com/2012-04-12/jennifer-lopez-to-perform-60-plus-dates-on-first-ever-world-tour-beginning-in-june-exclusive/. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Prepping a 2012 World Tour". Popcrush.com. http://popcrush.com/jennifer-lopez-2012-world-tour/. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
- ^ Lopez, Jennifer (April 30, 2012). "Official Announcement of Tour Dates". JenniferLopez.com. http://jenniferlopez.com/blog/post/official-announcement-of-tour-dates. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
- ^ Labrecque, Jeff (June 24, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez signs on for 'What to Expect When You're Expecting'". Entertainment Weekly (Time Inc.). http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/06/24/jennifer-lopez-what-to-expect-when-youre-expecting/. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ "Matthew Morrison Joins Lionsgate's 'What To Expect When You're Expecting'". Deadline.com (Mail.com Media). July 15, 2011. http://www.deadline.com/2011/07/matthew-morrison-joins-lionsgates-what-to-expect-when-youre-expecting/. Retrieved 2011-07-17.
- ^ Wheeler, Jeremy. "Ice Age: Continental Drift 3D – Cast, Reviews, Summary, and Awards". AllRovi. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/ice-age-continental-drift-3d-v516738. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ Wheeler, Jeremy. "Parker – Cast, Reviews, Summary, and Awards". AllRovi. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/parker-v537993. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ "Parker – Trailer – Cast – Showtimes". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/466236/Parker/cast. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ (Cl/Vog/Zn). "Lopez: 'Work helped me through marriage split'". Abcactionnews.com. http://www.abcactionnews.com/dpp/entertainment/celebrity/Lopez-Work-helped-me-through-marriage-split_74461857#ixzz1pnljEf6v. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
- ^ "Lopez tops Forbes most powerful list - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. 2012-05-17. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-17/lopez-tops-forbes-most-powerful-list/4016018. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ Dorothy Pomerantz (2012-04-18). "J.Lo's Stunning Career Reincarnation Puts Her No. 1 On The Celebrity 100". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2012/05/16/jennifer-lopez-tops-celebrity-100-list/. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ "For The Record: Quick News On Britney Spears, Paris Hilton, Sum 41, Lil' Kim, Gerald Levert, Morrissey & More". MTV News. MTV Networks. February 28, 2005. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1497582/20050228/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ "Sublime Mousse Hair". http://www.lorealparis.ca/haircolour/all-over-colour/sublime-mousse.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Oldenburg, Ann (December 6, 2010). "Jennifer Lopez becomes L'Oreal Paris ambassador". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2010/12/jennifer-lopez-becomes-loreal-paris-ambassador/1. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ a b Gold, Grace (December 3, 2010). "Jennifer Lopez Named L'Oréal Paris Global Brand Ambassador". http://main.stylelist.com/2010/12/03/jennifer-lopez-loreal-paris/. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez for L'Oreal: Behind-the-Scenes Photos". January 12, 2011. http://news.instyle.com/2011/01/12/jennifer-lopez-loreal-behind-the-scenes/. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez – Get Your Goddess Showing". gillettevenus.com. http://www.gillettevenus.com/en_US/goddess_central/goddess_showing/index.jsp. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Named Gillette Venus Global Ambassador". (artistdirect.com). February 4, 2011. http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/jennifer-lopez-named-gillette-venus-global-ambassador/8692570. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Gach, PJ (May 18, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez Is Gillette-Venus First Ever Global Ambassador!". bettyconfidential.com. http://www.bettyconfidential.com/ar/ld/a/jennifer-lopez-is-gillette-venus-first-ever-global-ambassador.html. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Another Day, Another Jennifer Lopez Leak". http://www.homorazzi.com/article/jennifer-lopez-venus-new-single-love-cover-bananarama-shocking-blue-leaked-track-download/. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez & Harmon Kardon – Harmon Kardon SE". http://se.harmankardon.com/jennifer-lopez-and-harman-kardon-se.html. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "News Item". http://se.harmankardon.com/harman-kardon-news-item-se/~/item/jennifer-lopez-brings-beautiful-sound-to-harman-kardon-global-brand-campaign-.html. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez is the Face of TOUS Jewelry Spring Campaign". (icydk.com). March 11, 2011.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez for TOUS Spring 2011 Campaign by Ellen von Unwerth". (fashiongonerogue.com). April 5, 2011. http://fashiongonerogue.com/jennifer-lopez-tous-spring-2011-campaign-ellen-von-unwerth/. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Samuels, Tanyanikia (November 30, 2011). "Speedy resolution for Jennifer Lopez-Fiat ad flap". New York: (nydailynews.com). http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-11-30/news/30460806_1_tats-cru-bronx-graffiti-artists-murals. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Glinlow, Kiki (January 12, 2012). "Jennifer Lopez Asked To Renounce Fiat Relationship Due To Terrorist Ties". (huffingtonpost.com). http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/12/jennifer-lopez-uani-fiat-iran-terrorism-endorsement-renounce-ties_n_1202441.html. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Multimillion-dollar venture parlays megastar's brand appeal with trendy, affordable styles". February 1, 2004. http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/apparel-accessory-stores-womens-specialty/4244177-1.html. Retrieved 2007-11-22. [dead link]
- ^ Nick Galvin (October 4, 2003). "Exchanging vowels". The Age (Melbourne). http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/10/03/1064988396313.html?from=storyrhs. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
- ^ a b Silverman, Stephen (February 14, 2005). "Jennifer Lopez Unveils Her Fashion Line". People's Magazine. (people.com). http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1027606,00.html. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
- ^ a b c "Jennifer Lopez – Jennifer Lopez's Fashion Line To Go Ahead". (contactmusic.com). July 19, 2011. http://www.contactmusic.com/news/jennifer-lopezs-fashion-line-to-go-ahead_1233187. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
- ^ Radsken, Jill (February 13, 2005). "Clothes come second at J.Lo's `Sweetface' show". Boston Herald.
- ^ "Jamaica Gleaner News – Victoria Beckham and JLo to launch lingerie line – Wednesday | November 22, 2006". Jamaica-gleaner.com. November 22, 2006. http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20061122/ent/ent4.html. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
- ^ "For the record". MTV. March 10, 2005. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1497996/20050310/lopez_jennifer.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
- ^ "PETA's provocative protests". Life. May 2, 2005. http://www.life.com/image/52749193/in-gallery/22818/petas-provocative-protests. Retrieved 2009-05-15. [dead link]
- ^ Sherwood, James (February 15, 2005). "JLo as design diva?; Lopez reaches for fashion credibility". The Spectator.
- ^ Suzanne D'Amato (January 28, 2007). "Style Stars". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/25/AR2007012501679.html. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez's line on 'hiatus'". (monstersandcritics.com). June 25, 2009. http://www.monstersandcritics.com/lifestyle/fashion/news/article_1485825.php/Jennifer_Lopezs_line_on_hiatus. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Shuts Down Sweetface Clothing Line". Los Angeles, California: Access Hollywood (accesshollywood.com). June 24, 2009. http://www.accesshollywood.com/jennifer-lopez-shuts-down-sweetface-clothing-line_article_19662. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Previews Her Kohl's Collection". (stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com). August 12, 2011. http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2011/08/12/jennifer-lopez-for-kohls/. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "JENNIFER LOPEZ LAUNCHES CLOTHING LINE FOR KOHL'S". (younghollywood.com). August 13, 2011. http://www.younghollywood.com/scene/jennifer-lopez-launches-clothing-line-for-kohl-s.html. Retrieved 2012-01-31. [dead link]
- ^ Cobo, Leila (September 7, 2011). "Marc Anthony Launches Kohl's Clothing Line, Kicks Off Tour Friday". Billboard (billboard.com). http://www.billboard.com/news/marc-anthony-launches-kohl-s-clothing-line-1005341042.story#/news/marc-anthony-launches-kohl-s-clothing-line-1005341042.story. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "J-Lo and ex launch fashion line". (belfasttelegraph.co.uk). September 8, 2011. http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/jlo-and-ex-launch-fashion-line-16046885.html. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
- ^ D'Angelo, Joe (December 19, 2002). "Hell No, J.Lo's Glow Won't Go, Judge Rules". MTV (mtv.com). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1459224/hell-no-jlos-glow-wont-go.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Beauty – Glow". (jenniferlopezbeauty.com). http://www.jenniferlopezbeauty.com/templates/#/glow. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ Critchell, Samantha (September 13, 2002). "Fragrances for fall, a symphony of scents". The Spectator. Hamilton, Ont..
- ^ "It makes scents, pop stars immersed in developing perfumes". Lexington Herald-Leader. October 21, 2004.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Beauty – Still". (jenniferlopezbeauty.com). http://www.jenniferlopezbeauty.com/templates/#/still. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "Lopez Still Fragrant". The Tuscaloosa News. July 25, 2003. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EkcuAAAAIBAJ&sjid=f6YEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2401,6851583&dq=jennifer+lopez+still+fragrance&hl=en. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ a b c d "Jennifer Lopez Fragrance Guide". (stealtheirstyle.co.uk). http://stealtheirstyle.co.uk/lopez/jennifer%20lopez%20perfumes.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez: 'There Is No Reality Show' – omg! news on Yahoo!". Omg.yahoo.com. September 28, 2009. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20080511115155/http://omg.yahoo.com/jennifer-lopez-there-is-no-reality-show/news/8849. Retrieved 2009-10-07.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Launches Love and Glamour". (news.instyle.com). June 7, 2010. http://news.instyle.com/2010/06/07/jennifer-lopez-launches-love-and-glamour/. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "L.A. Glow Jennifer Lopez for women". (fragrantica.com). http://www.fragrantica.com/perfume/Jennifer-Lopez/L-A-Glow-10252.html. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Love & Light by Jennifer Lopez". (jenniferlopezonline.com). June 27, 2011. http://www.jenniferlopezonline.com/news/default.aspx?nid=9613. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Sold 51,000 Perfume Bottles on HSN!". (news.instyle.com). July 7, 2011. http://news.instyle.com/2011/07/07/jennifer-lopez-hsn-love-and-light-sales/. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez's 'clean' fragrance". (femalefirst.co.uk). February 10, 2012. http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/lifestyle-fashion/Jennifer+Lopez-227545.html. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
- ^ Brady, Jonann (April 22, 2009). "Jennifer Lopez Getting Her Work Mojo Back". ABC News. http://www.abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/Parenting/story?id=7395906&page=1. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
- ^ "Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Protection For Your Baby". SoundsOfPertussis.com. http://www.soundsofpertussis.com/. Retrieved 2009-10-07.
- ^ a b "LL Cool J : LL Cool J, U2's Edge, More Join 'What's Going On' Project – Rhapsody Music Downloads". VH1. http://www.vh1.com/artists/news/1450245/20011022/ll_cool_j.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
- ^ a b Artists Against AIDS Worldwide's New Superstar Version of Marvin Gaye's 'What's Going On' in Stores Tuesday, October 30
- ^ J Stone, Stephanie (May 27, 2011). "Complete list of 'El Ultimo Adios' artists". Discogs.com (Discogs.com). http://www.discogs.com/Various-El-Ultimo-Adios-The-Last-Goodbye/release/2075383. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
- ^ a b Saunders, Tim (June 18, 2010). "Jennifer Lopez Launches New Charity". (looktothestars.org). http://www.looktothestars.org/news/4606-jennifer-lopez-launches-new-charity. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Lopez, Jennifer. "A Letter from Jennifer". jenniferlopez-foundation.org. http://jenniferlopez-foundation.org/foundation.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ a b "Telemedicine". (jenniferlopez-foundation.org). http://jenniferlopez-foundation.org/goals_telemedicine.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ Saunders, Tim. "Jennifer Lopez Announces New Foundation Plans At Women's Conference". (looktothestars.org). http://www.looktothestars.org/news/1456-jennifer-lopez-announces-new-foundation-plans-at-womens-conference. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Maribel Foundation Official Site Homepage". http://maribelfoundation.com/. Retrieved 2012-02-01.
- ^ Rosario, Mariela (May 12, 2009). "J. Lo's Medical Scare with Baby Emme Leads Her to Charity". (latina.com). http://www.latina.com/entertainment/celebrity/j-los-medical-scare-baby-emme-leads-her-charity. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
- ^ "Every Mother Counts". (everymothercounts.org). http://everymothercounts.org/partners/starbucks. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Every Mother Counts". (www.starbucks.com). April 12, 2011. http://www.starbucks.com/blog/every-mother-counts/990. Retrieved 2012-01-30. [dead link]
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Charity Work, Events and Causes". (looktothestars.org). http://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/93-jennifer-lopez. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez: Maribel Foundation Receives $500,000 Pledge!". (justjared.buzznet.com). October 25, 2011.
- ^ Watkins, Jade (October 26, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez's younger sister Lynda makes a rare appearance alongside her famous sibling as they raise $500,000 for charity". London: (dailymail.co.uk). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2053544/Jennifer-Lopezs-younger-sister-Lynda-makes-rare-appearance-alongside-famous-sibling-raise-500-000-charity.html. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Maribel Foundation Partners W Samsung & Best Buy". YouTube (youtube.com). October 15, 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xypcy8tTSUs. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ a b c d e "J.Lo Contemplates 'Love' (And Love?) Through The Years". Newsroom.mtv.com. http://newsroom.mtv.com/2011/05/03/jlo-contemplates-love-and-love-through-the-years/. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
- ^ Vonique Hood, Teisha. "Teen Icons". http://smu.edu/ecenter/discourse/teens.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez's Flight to Fame: From Television to Music and Back". (voices.yahoo.com). http://voices.yahoo.com/jennifer-lopezs-flight-fame-television-to-7950048.html?cat=37.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez – Jennifer Lopez Favours Women On American Idol". (contactmusic.com). April 14, 2011. http://www.contactmusic.com/news/jennifer-lopez-favours-women-on-american-idol_1212584. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Interview". Youtube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKS1gpNP7Fc. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Feels Ben Affleck's Love, Sports Big Pink Rock To Prove It". VH1. http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1458399/20021029/index.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
- ^ a b Roberts, Steven (June 15, 2009). "Jennifer Lopez Talks About Influence Of Her Twins On New Music". (mtv.com). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1613887/jennifer-lopez-talks-about-influence-her-twins-on-new-music.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez – Rebirth – Album Review". Contactmusic.com. http://www.contactmusic.com/pages/jenniferlopezx18x03x05. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez's Voice Type (Classic Soubrette) " Jennifer Lopez Singing Voice Type – Classic Soubrette Lessons". Vocalous.com. June 11, 2011. http://www.vocalous.com/jennifer-lopez-singing-voice-type.html. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- ^ "Music Review: Jennifer Lopez, 'Brave'". Yahoo!. http://music.yahoo.com/jennifer-lopez/news/music-review-jennifer-lopez-brave--50006587. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
- ^ a b "Jennifer Lopez finds her voice on new album". http://www.rap-up.com/2011/02/02/jennifer-lopez-finds-her-voice-on-new-album/#more-72798. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ Reviewed by Tom Sinclair (December 9, 2002). "This is Me...Then Review". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,397181~4~0~thisismethen,00.html. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- ^ Markovitz, Adam (April 27, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez – Love? (album review)". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20485119,00.html. Retrieved 2011-05-28.
- ^ Halperin, Shirley. "'Idol' Judge Randy Jackson Gives Jennifer Lopez's Singing a '7'". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/news/idol-judge-randy-jackson-gives-jennifer-1004139399.story#/news/idol-judge-randy-jackson-gives-jennifer-1004139399.story. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ Martin, Lara (January 19, 2011). "Home Headlines Video Video PJackson: 'Jennifer Lopez can really sing'". Digital Spy. (digitalspy.com.au). http://www.digitalspy.com.au/music/s91/american-idol/news/a298871/jackson-jennifer-lopez-can-really-sing.html. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ Chang, Daniel (June 1, 1999). "Six appeal Jennifer Lopez releases her first CD". The Spectator.
- ^ "Actress Jennifer Lopez can sing, but it isn't enough". The Sun (Baltimore). June 3, 1999.
- ^ Sinclair, Tom (February 5, 2001). "J.Lo – Music Review". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc.. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,97933~4~0~jenniferlopezjlo,00.html. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
- ^ Alex Macpherson (May 3, 2011). "BBC – Music – Review of Jennifer Lopez – Love?". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/98d3. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Cites Madonna As Biggest Musical Influence". February 2, 2003. http://popdirt.com/jennifer-lopez-cites-madonna-as-biggest-musical-influence/12652/. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ Miller, Praire. "NY Rock Interview with Jennifer Lopez". (nyrock.com). http://www.nyrock.com/interviews/2002/lopez_int3.asp. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 161
- ^ Harrington, Richard (July 14, 1999). "Jennifer Lopez, finding her voice". The Washington Post.
- ^ Rodman, Sarah (August 24, 2001). "Music; Has Janet Jacksonearned her diva wings?; Two FleetCenter shows are just one criterion". Boston Herald.
- ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Jennifer Lopez". AllMusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jennifer-lopez-p371168. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez 'graduated' as a singer while singing for hubby". http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jennifer-lopez-graduated-as-a-singer-while/558630/.
- ^ Stout, Gene (July 16, 2001). "Janet Jackson's Steamy Album Leaves Room For Romance". Seattle Post-Intelligencer: p. 8. ISSN 0745-970X
- ^ Dokren, Joanne (June 16, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez "Motivated & Inspired" By Lady GaGa". (mtv.co.uk). http://www.mtv.co.uk/news/jennifer-lopez/277574-jennifer-lopez-lady-gaga-love. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Says Marc Anthony Gave Her Confidence to Sing". Popcrush.com. http://popcrush.com/jennifer-lopez-marc-anthony-confidence-sing/. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
- ^ Biography. "Jennifer Lopez Biography – the Dancer Turned Popular American Actress, Fashion Designer and Singer | amillionlives.net – Rife with Life". Amillionlives.net. http://www.amillionlives.net/jennifer-lopez-biography-the-dancer-turned-popular-american-actress-fashion-designer-and-singer.html. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
- ^ a b "Jennifer Lopez Biography / Autobiography / Memoir resources". biographyshelf.com. http://www.biographyshelf.com/jennifer_lopez_biography.html. Retrieved 2012-03-18.
- ^ a b c "Jennifer Lopez Interview for Shall We Dance?". The Cinema Source. January 28, 2008. http://www.thecinemasource.com/blog/interviews/jennifer-lopez-interview-for-shall-we-dance/. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
- ^ Ditzian, Eric (September 13, 2009). "Michael Jackson VMA Tribute Will Include Top Choreographers | MTV.ca | News". MTV.ca. http://www.mtv.ca/vma/2009/article.jhtml?id=20276. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
- ^ "Top 10 All Time Best Dancers in the World". Top 10 Top Ten. November 28, 2011. http://www.top10topten.com/top-10-all-time-best-dancers-in-the-world.html. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
- ^ "History of Salsa Dance". Bachatacrazy.com. http://bachatacrazy.com/articles/history_of_salsa_dance.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
- ^ Sullivan, Emily (October 20, 2004). "'SHALL WE DANCE?' IS GREAT FUN". Buffalo News.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Unveils 'Papi', Brings Back Dance-Break". Zomgtalk.com. http://zomgtalk.com/2011/09/19/jennifer-lopez-unveils-papi-brings-back-dance-break/. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
- ^ "If You Had My Love | Jennifer Lopez | Music Video". MTV. April 29, 1999. http://www.mtv.com/videos/jennifer-lopez/9149/if-you-had-my-love.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-08-11.
- ^ "Puffy Forever, Jennifer Lopez Heads To The Jungle, Tori Amos Makes Venus: This Week In 1999 – Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV. August 19, 2002. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1457042/puffy-forever-jennifer-lopez-heads-jungle-tori-amos-makes-venus-this-week.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
- ^ Devenish, Colin (November 14, 2003). "Lopez Sued Over "I'm Glad"". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/jenniferlopez/articles/story/5936040/lopez_sued_over_im_glad. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ a b Rebirth (Dual Disc Edition) (Booklet). Jennifer Lopez. New York City, NY: Epic Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment. 2005.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Loses Her Curves in New Hit 'On the Floor'". The Daily Express. Northern and Shell Media Publications. March 5, 2011. http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/232698/Jennifer-Lopez-loses-her-curves-in-new-hit-On-the-Floor-. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ Matthew Perpetua. "Jennifer Lopez Introduces Herself To a 'New J.Lo-Ration' With 'On the Floor' Video | Matthew Perpetua". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/blogs/rolling-stone-video-blog/jennifer-lopez-introduces-herself-to-a-new-j-lo-ration-with-on-the-floor-video-20110304#ixzz1pW7oJnmm. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
- ^ http://www.billboard.com/#/news/jennifer-lopez-debuts-on-social-50-chart-1005067302.story
- ^ Stransky, Tanner (March 3, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez debuts 'On the Floor' video on 'American Idol': Watch it here". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc.. http://music-mix.ew.com/2011/02/25/jennifer-lopez-on-the-floor-video-american-idol/. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ Franich, Darren (May 2, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez unveils new 'I'm Into You' video, but where's Wayne? Watch it here | The Music Mix | EW.com". Entertainment Weekly. http://music-mix.ew.com/2011/05/02/jennifer-lopez-im-into-you-video/. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
- ^ Dinh, James (September 19, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez Causes Man Frenzy In 'Papi' Video". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1670990/jennifer-lopez-papi-music-video.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Debuts 'Papi' Music Video, Gets Men Riled Up". Huffington Post. September 19, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/19/jennifer-lopez-debuts-papi-music-video_n_970381.html. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
- ^ Mitchell, John (April 6, 2012). "Jennifer Lopez Has History Of Flaunting Her Men In Videos – Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1682676/jennifer-lopez-dance-again-boyfriend-videos.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
- ^ "Ep. 071 │ 50 Greatest Women of the Video Era │ The Greatest". VH1. MTV Networks. http://www.vh1.com/shows/the_greatest/episode.jhtml?episodeID=66355. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez Dances in the Streets in "Papi" Video". Rap-Up. October 18, 2010. http://www.rap-up.com/2011/08/21/jennifer-lopez-dances-in-the-streets-in-papi-video/. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
- ^ The Reel Me (Booklet). Jennifer Lopez. New York City, NY: Epic Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment. 2003.
- ^ Galkin, Alexandra (March 4, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez's 'On the Floor' music video premieres on 'American Idol' – New York Daily News". Articles.nydailynews.com. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-03-04/entertainment/28673747_1_music-video-louboutins-floor. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
- ^ Rodmon, Sarah (August 24, 2001). "Music; Has Janet Jackson earned her diva wings?; Two FleetCenter shows are just one criterion". Boston Herald.
- ^ JenniferLopez. "Jennifer Lopez Celebrity Playlist". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfLTl1yBzpg&feature=plcp&context=C4706d1fVDvjVQa1PpcFMXCocEAyJcJyQRigGV5gX2uLBvtQghxwE=. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
- ^ a b c Hannah Elliott (2012-04-18). "The Real American Idol: How J.Lo Got Her Mojo Back". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2012/05/16/the-real-american-idol-how-j-lo-got-her-mojo-back/. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ mentioned on Jennifer Lopez – Behind The Music on MTV on MTV
- ^ Martin, Ray (October 11, 2007). "J-Lo". http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/stories/raymartin/304846/j-lo. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- ^ a b c Icons of American Popular Culture: From P.T.Barnum to Jennifer Lopez – Robert C. Cottrell. Google Books. September 1, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7656-2299-0. http://books.google.com/?id=ZXRcV6k0F9sC&pg=PA221&lpg=PA221&dq=Jennifer+Lopez+spanish+icon#v=onepage&q=Jennifer%20Lopez%20spanish%20icon&f=false. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
- ^ Pearlman, Cindy (August 14, 1999). "For the record; Very hot and ambitious actress Jennifer Lopez has music on her mind". The Record (Kitchener, Ontario).
- ^ "J.Lo's new song sounds suspiciously like one from Hispanic hottie Kat DeLuna". New York Daily News ((articles.nydailynews.com)). January 19, 2011. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-01-19/gossip/27087962_1_jlo-kat-deluna-similarities. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "Kerry Washington: Lopez inspired me". (belfasttelegraph.co.uk). February 1, 2012. http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/kerry-washington-lopez-inspired-me-16111987.html. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "Britney Spears – Britney Spears Admires Jennifer Lopez". Contact Music. (contactmusic.com). November 30, 2011. http://www.contactmusic.com/news/britney-spears-admires-jennifer-lopez_1266386. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ Rooms, Music (April 26, 2011). "Kelly Osbourne admires 'beautiful Lopez'". (musicrooms.net). http://www.musicrooms.net/showbiz/31716-Kelly-Osbourne-admires-%E2%80%98beautiful-Lopez%E2%80%99.html. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "Kelly Osbourne admires 'stunning' Jennifer Lopez". (entertainment.ie). April 26, 2011. http://entertainment.ie/celebrity_gossip/showbiz/Kelly-Osbourne-admires-'stunning'-Jennifer-Lopez/68478.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ Trevorrow, Jennifer (April 22, 2009). "Cheryl Cole Wants Jennifer Lopez's Butt". (entertainmentwise.com). http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/48125/cheryl-cole-wants-jennifer-lopezs-butt. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez's butt, Vin Diesel's arms favoured by US women, men". Al Bawaba (Middle East) Ltd. (thefreelibrary.com). http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Jennifer+Lopez's+butt,+Vin+Diesel's+arms+favoured+by+US+women,+men.-a0257359190. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez's butt, Vin Diesel's arms favoured by US women, men". Yahoo (in.news.yahoo.com). May 26, 2011. http://in.news.yahoo.com/jennifer-lopezs-butt-vin-diesels-arms-favoured-us-101512607.html. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ a b Coughlan, Maggie (February 15, 2011). "Kim Kardashian Considers Jennifer Lopez a Style Icon". PopEater. http://www.popeater.com/2011/02/15/kim-kardashian-qvc-fashion-week/. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ a b "Raquel Castro Biography". (raquelcastro.com). http://raquelcastro.com/Bio.html. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ Tsekouras, Anna (November 18, 2010). "Interview: Jessica Mauboy". Marie Claire. Yahoo!7. http://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/marie-claire/features/society-celeb/article/-/8345358/interview-jessica-mauboy/. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
- ^ Letkemman, Jessica (December 7, 2011). "Mike Doughty Opens 'Book of Drugs,' Says J.Lo & Music Thieves Saved His Life". Billboard. New York. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/mike-doughty-opens-book-of-drugs-says-j-1005628152.story. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
- ^ 3 DAYS (March 25, 2012). "Nicki Minaj-Jennifer Lopez Feud Sparked on 'American Idol' Stage". Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/idol-worship/american-idol-nicki-minaj-jennifer-lopez-306043. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- ^ http://www.digitalspy.com.au/showbiz/news/a383565/anna-kendrick-i-could-stare-at-jennifer-lopez-all-day.html
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez: Us' Style Icon of the Decade". Us Weekly Magazine. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-style/pictures/jlo-through-the-years-2010204/7767. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ Barrera, Magdalena (2002). "Hottentot 2000: Jennifer Lopez and Her Butt". In Phillips, Kim M.; Reay, Barry. Sexualities in history: a reader. Routledge. p. 407. ISBN 978-0-415-92935-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=Cz3bPMw_7h4C&pg=PA407. Retrieved 2011-05-16.
- ^ "JLO Fashion – Jennifer Lopez Fashion Designer". elle.com. http://www.elle.com/Pop-Culture/Cover-Shoots/Dream-Catcher/JLO-Fashion-Jennifer-Lopez-Favorite-Fashion-Designer.
- ^ Gabriela, Hilda. "Jennifer Lopez's Fashion Collection Brings Affordable Glamour and Style". http://quinceanera.com. http://quinceanera.com/celebrities/jennifer-lopezs-fashion-collection-brings-affordable-glamour-and-style/. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez's Life Inspires Fashion". Kohls Official YouTube Channel. August 9, 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHL8zlgt38w. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ Johnphy (August 29, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez: 12 Years' Beautiful Transmutation". Fashionthestyle.com. http://www.fashionthestyle.com/a/people_parties/Celebs_Street_Style/2011/0829/302.html. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ Gratereaux, Alexandra (November 21, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez Steals the Spotlight at the American Music Awards". Fox News Latino. http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/entertainment/2011/11/21/american-music-awards-jennifer-lopez-shimmers-wins-latin-artist-year/. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez's Fashion Blunder at American Music Awards". The Daily Beast. November 21, 2011. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/21/jennifer-lopez-s-fashion-blunder-at-american-music-awards.html. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ "Jennifer Lopez AMA 2011: The Performance, the Dress and the After-Party Lap Dance". ibtimes.com. November 21, 2011. http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/253519/20111121/jennifer-lopez-ama-2011-performance-dress-lap.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ Chaney, Jen (July 10, 2011). "From Duchess Catherine to Jennifer Lopez, the best and worst dressed at the BAFTA gala". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/from-duchess-catherine-to-jennifer-lopez-the-best-and-worst-dressed-at-the-bafta-gala/2011/07/10/gIQAyhwa7H_blog.html. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ Gastaldo, Evann (August 19, 2010). "What It Takes to Be J.Lo's Assistant". (newser.com). http://www.newser.com/story/98474/what-it-takes-to-be-jlos-assistant.html. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ Hilton, Perez. "J.Lo Keepin' That Diva Rep Alive!". Perez Hilton. (perezhilton.com). http://perezhilton.com/2011-08-22-sources-say-jennifer-lopez-doesnt-speak-to-coworkers-directly-on-set-what-to-expect-what-your-expecting. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ Blemish, Staff (August 19, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez Still a Diva". (theblemish.com). http://theblemish.com/2011/08/jennifer-lopez-still-a-diva/. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "Inside the September 2011 Issue". Vanity Fair. (vanityfair.com). July 7, 2011. http://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/toc/contents-201109. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "NME Album Reviews – Jennifer Lopez : J.Lo". http://www.nme.com/reviews/jennifer-lopez/3876.
- ^ "On The Floor Video Premiere on American Idol". Jennifer Lopez Official Site. February 23, 2011. http://www.jenniferlopezonline.com/news_d.aspx?&pg=2&in=7/. Retrieved 2011-08-03. [dead link]
- ^ Graham, Mark (February 13, 2012). "VH1's 100 Greatest Women In Music [COMPLETE LIST"]. VH1. http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2012-02-13/vh1s-100-greatest-women-in-music-complete-list/. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
- ^ Halza, George Halza (November 16, 1998). "Jennifer Lopez named sexiest woman of the year" (Newspaper). Reading Eagle: p. 5.
- ^ "FHM – Jennifer Lopez". Fhm.com. http://www.fhm.com/girls/covergirls/jennifer-lopez. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
- ^ Jordan, Julie (April 13, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez: Being Beautiful Is 'Part of My Job'". (people.com). http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20360857_20481259,00.html. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "Best of 2011: Jennifer Lopez's Sizzling Comeback". (omg.yahoo.com). December 24, 2011. http://omg.yahoo.com/news/best-2011-jennifer-lopezs-sizzling-comeback-215952021.html. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
- ^ "Best of 2011: Jennifer Lopez's Sizzling Comeback". Us Magazine. (usmagazine.com). December 24, 2011. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/best-of-2011-jennifer-lopezs-sizzling-comeback-20112412. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
- ^ Goerge, Kat (December 21, 2011). "Rebecca Black's "Friday" And Jennifer Lopez And Pitbull's "On The Floor" Rule YouTube In 2011". VH1. http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2011-12-21/rebecca-blacks-friday-and-jennifer-lopez-and-pitbulls-on-the-floor-rule-youtube-in-2011/. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
- ^ Bhatt, Neha. "Jennifer Lopez is the Queen of Youtube!". desihits.com. http://www.desihits.com/news/view/jennifer-lopez-is-the-queen-of-youtube-20111116. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
- ^ Hilton, Perez. "Jennifer Lopez Queen Of YouTube!". Perez Hilton. http://perezhilton.com/2011-11-14-jennifer-lopez-on-the-floor-most-watched-youtube-video-by-female-artist. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
References[link]
- Gallick, Sarah (2003). National Enquirer. ed. J.Lo: The Secret Behind Jennifer Lopez's Rise to the Top. From the Files of the National Enquirer Series. Ami Books. ISBN 1-932270-07-8.
- C. Cottrell, Robert (2010). Icons of American Popular Culture: From P.T. Barnum to Jennifer Lopez. New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.. ISBN 978-0-7656-2298-3.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jennifer Lopez |
 |
Book: Jennifer Lopez |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Official website
- Official website for Jennifer Lopez fragrances
- Jennifer Lopez at AllRovi
- Jennifer Lopez at the Internet Movie Database
- Jennifer Lopez at Allmusic
- Jennifer Lopez on Facebook
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lopez, Jennifer |
| Alternative names | J-Lo;Lopez, Jennifer Lynn |
| Short description | Actress, singer, designer |
| Date of birth | July 24, 1969 |
| Place of birth | The Bronx, New York, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Jennifer_Lopez
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Arthur Pendragon" redirects here. For other uses, see Arthur Pendragon (disambiguation).
For other uses, see King Arthur (disambiguation).
King Arthur is a legendary British leader of the late 5th and early 6th centuries, who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians.[2] The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the Annales Cambriae, the Historia Brittonum, and the writings of Gildas. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin.[3]
The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain).[4] Some Welsh and Breton tales and poems relating the story of Arthur date from earlier than this work; in these works, Arthur appears either as a great warrior defending Britain from human and supernatural enemies or as a magical figure of folklore, sometimes associated with the Welsh Otherworld, Annwn.[5] How much of Geoffrey's Historia (completed in 1138) was adapted from such earlier sources, rather than invented by Geoffrey himself, is unknown.
Although the themes, events and characters of the Arthurian legend varied widely from text to text, and there is no one canonical version, Geoffrey's version of events often served as the starting point for later stories. Geoffrey depicted Arthur as a king of Britain who defeated the Saxons and established an empire over Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Norway and Gaul. Many elements and incidents that are now an integral part of the Arthurian story appear in Geoffrey's Historia, including Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, the wizard Merlin, Arthur's wife Guinevere, the sword Excalibur, Arthur's conception at Tintagel, his final battle against Mordred at Camlann and final rest in Avalon. The 12th-century French writer Chrétien de Troyes, who added Lancelot and the Holy Grail to the story, began the genre of Arthurian romance that became a significant strand of medieval literature. In these French stories, the narrative focus often shifts from King Arthur himself to other characters, such as various Knights of the Round Table. Arthurian literature thrived during the Middle Ages but waned in the centuries that followed until it experienced a major resurgence in the 19th century. In the 21st century, the legend lives on, not only in literature but also in adaptations for theatre, film, television, comics and other media. However, the Arthur in films and television is clearly depicted as living during a much later period – the costumes used in such dramatizations resemble those of people living in the 12th century more than they do those used during the 5th or 6th.
Contents |
Debated historicity[link]
Main article: Historical basis for King Arthur
The first datable mention of King Arthur is in a 9th century Latin text. The Historia Brittonum, a 9th-century Latin historical compilation attributed in some late manuscripts to a Welsh cleric called Nennius, lists twelve battles that Arthur fought. These culminate in the Battle of Mons Badonicus, or Mount Badon, where he is said to have single-handedly killed 960 men. Recent studies, however, question the reliability of the Historia Brittonum.[6] The historical basis for the King Arthur legend has long been debated by scholars. One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons) and Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals), sees Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano-British leader who fought against the invading Anglo-Saxons sometime in the late 5th to early 6th century.
The other text that seems to support the case for Arthur's historical existence is the 10th-century Annales Cambriae, which also link Arthur with the Battle of Mount Badon. The Annales date this battle to 516–518, and also mention the Battle of Camlann, in which Arthur and Medraut (Mordred) were both killed, dated to 537–539. These details have often been used to bolster confidence in the Historia's account and to confirm that Arthur really did fight at Mount Badon. Problems have been identified, however, with using this source to support the Historia Brittonum's account. The latest research shows that the Annales Cambriae was based on a chronicle begun in the late 8th century in Wales. Additionally, the complex textual history of the Annales Cambriae precludes any certainty that the Arthurian annals were added to it even that early. They were more likely added at some point in the 10th century and may never have existed in any earlier set of annals. The Mount Badon entry probably derived from the Historia Brittonum.[7]
This lack of convincing early evidence is the reason many recent historians exclude Arthur from their accounts of sub-Roman Britain. In the view of historian Thomas Charles-Edwards, "at this stage of the enquiry, one can only say that there may well have been an historical Arthur [but ...] the historian can as yet say nothing of value about him".[8] These modern admissions of ignorance are a relatively recent trend; earlier generations of historians were less sceptical. Historian John Morris made the putative reign of Arthur the organising principle of his history of sub-Roman Britain and Ireland, The Age of Arthur (1973). Even so, he found little to say about a historical Arthur.[9]
Partly in reaction to such theories, another school of thought emerged which argued that Arthur had no historical existence at all. Morris's Age of Arthur prompted archaeologist Nowell Myres to observe that "no figure on the borderline of history and mythology has wasted more of the historian's time".[10] Gildas' 6th-century polemic De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae (On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain), written within living memory of Mount Badon, mentions the battle but does not mention Arthur.[11] Arthur is not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle or named in any surviving manuscript written between 400 and 820.[12] He is absent from Bede's early 8th-century Ecclesiastical History of the English People, another major early source for post-Roman history that mentions Mount Badon.[13] Historian David Dumville has written: "I think we can dispose of him [Arthur] quite briefly. He owes his place in our history books to a 'no smoke without fire' school of thought ... The fact of the matter is that there is no historical evidence about Arthur; we must reject him from our histories and, above all, from the titles of our books."[14]
Some scholars argue that Arthur was originally a fictional hero of folklore—or even a half-forgotten Celtic deity—who became credited with real deeds in the distant past. They cite parallels with figures such as the Kentish totemic horse-gods Hengest and Horsa, who later became historicised. Bede ascribed to these legendary figures a historical role in the 5th-century Anglo-Saxon conquest of eastern Britain.[15] It is not even certain that Arthur was considered a king in the early texts. Neither the Historia nor the Annales calls him "rex": the former calls him instead "dux bellorum" (leader of battles) and "miles" (soldier).[16]
Historical documents for the post-Roman period are scarce, so a definitive answer to the question of Arthur's historical existence is unlikely. Sites and places have been identified as "Arthurian" since the 12th century,[17] but archaeology can confidently reveal names only through inscriptions found in secure contexts. The so-called "Arthur stone", discovered in 1998 among the ruins at Tintagel Castle in Cornwall in securely dated 6th-century contexts, created a brief stir but proved irrelevant.[18] Other inscriptional evidence for Arthur, including the Glastonbury cross, is tainted with the suggestion of forgery.[19] Although several historical figures have been proposed as the basis for Arthur,[20] no convincing evidence for these identifications has emerged.
Name[link]
Main article: Arthur
The origin of the name Arthur remains a matter of debate. Some suggest it is derived from the Roman nomen gentile (family name) Artōrius, of obscure and contested etymology[21] (but possibly of Messapic[22][23][24] or Etruscan origin[25][26][27]). Some scholars have suggested it is relevant to this debate that the legendary King Arthur's name only appears as Arthur, or Arturus, in early Latin Arthurian texts, never as Artōrius (though it should be noted that Classical Latin Artōrius became Arturius in some Vulgar Latin dialects). However, this may not say anything about the origin of the name Arthur, as Artōrius would regularly become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh.[28]
Another possibility is that it is derived from a Brittonic patronym *Arto-rīg-ios (the root of which, *arto-rīg- "bear-king" is to be found in the Old Irish personal name Art-ri) via a Latinized form Artōrius.[29] Less likely is the commonly proposed derivation from Welsh arth "bear" + (g)wr "man" (earlier *Arto-uiros in Brittonic); there are phonological difficulties with this theory—notably that a Brittonic compound name *Arto-uiros should produce Old Welsh *Artgur and Middle/Modern Welsh *Arthwr and not Arthur (in Welsh poetry the name is always spelled Arthur and is exclusively rhymed with words ending in -ur - never words ending in -wr - which confirms that the second element cannot be [g]wr "man").[30][31]
An alternative theory, which has gained only limited acceptance among professional scholars,[32] derives the name Arthur from Arcturus, the brightest star in the constellation Boötes, near Ursa Major or the Great Bear. Classical Latin Arcturus would also have become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh, and its brightness and position in the sky led people to regard it as the "guardian of the bear" (which is the meaning of the name in Ancient Greek) and the "leader" of the other stars in Boötes.[33]
A similar first name is Old Irish Artúr, which is believed to be derived directly from an early Old Welsh or Cumbric Artur.[34] The earliest historically attested bearer of the name is a son or grandson of Áedán mac Gabráin (d. AD 609).[35]
Medieval literary traditions[link]
The creator of the familiar literary persona of Arthur was Geoffrey of Monmouth, with his pseudo-historical Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain), written in the 1130s. The textual sources for Arthur are usually divided into those written before Geoffrey's Historia (known as pre-Galfridian texts, from the Latin form of Geoffrey, Galfridus) and those written afterwards, which could not avoid his influence (Galfridian, or post-Galfridian, texts).
Pre-Galfridian traditions[link]
The earliest literary references to Arthur come from Welsh and Breton sources. There have been few attempts to define the nature and character of Arthur in the pre-Galfridian tradition as a whole, rather than in a single text or text/story-type. One recent academic survey that does attempt this, by Thomas Green, identifies three key strands to the portrayal of Arthur in this earliest material.[36] The first is that he was a peerless warrior who functioned as the monster-hunting protector of Britain from all internal and external threats. Some of these are human threats, such as the Saxons he fights in the Historia Brittonum, but the majority are supernatural, including giant cat-monsters, destructive divine boars, dragons, dogheads, giants and witches.[37] The second is that the pre-Galfridian Arthur was a figure of folklore (particularly topographic or onomastic folklore) and localised magical wonder-tales, the leader of a band of superhuman heroes who live in the wilds of the landscape.[38] The third and final strand is that the early Welsh Arthur had a close connection with the Welsh Otherworld, Annwn. On the one hand, he launches assaults on Otherworldly fortresses in search of treasure and frees their prisoners. On the other, his warband in the earliest sources includes former pagan gods, and his wife and his possessions are clearly Otherworldly in origin.[39]
One of the most famous Welsh poetic references to Arthur comes in the collection of heroic death-songs known as Y Gododdin (The Gododdin), attributed to the 6th-century poet Aneirin. In one stanza, the bravery of a warrior who slew 300 enemies is praised, but it is then noted that despite this "he was no Arthur", that is to say his feats cannot compare to the valour of Arthur.[40] Y Gododdin is known only from a 13th-century manuscript, so it is impossible to determine whether this passage is original or a later interpolation, but John Koch's view that the passage dates from a 7th-century or earlier version is regarded as unproven; 9th- or 10th-century dates are often proposed for it.[41] Several poems attributed to Taliesin, a poet said to have lived in the 6th century, also refer to Arthur, although these all probably date from between the 8th and 12th centuries.[42] They include "Kadeir Teyrnon" ("The Chair of the Prince"),[43] which refers to "Arthur the Blessed", "Preiddeu Annwn" ("The Spoils of Annwn"),[44] which recounts an expedition of Arthur to the Otherworld, and "Marwnat vthyr pen[dragon]" ("The Elegy of Uther Pen[dragon]"),[45] which refers to Arthur's valour and is suggestive of a father-son relationship for Arthur and Uther that pre-dates Geoffrey of Monmouth.
File:Culhwch.jpg
Culhwch entering Arthur's Court in the Welsh tale Culhwch and Olwen, 1881
Other early Welsh Arthurian texts include a poem found in the Black Book of Carmarthen, "Pa gur yv y porthaur?" ("What man is the gatekeeper?").[46] This takes the form of a dialogue between Arthur and the gatekeeper of a fortress he wishes to enter, in which Arthur recounts the names and deeds of himself and his men, notably Cei (Kay) and Bedwyr (Bedivere). The Welsh prose tale Culhwch and Olwen (c. 1100), included in the modern Mabinogion collection, has a much longer list of more than 200 of Arthur's men, though Cei and Bedwyr again take a central place. The story as a whole tells of Arthur helping his kinsman Culhwch win the hand of Olwen, daughter of Ysbaddaden Chief-Giant, by completing a series of apparently impossible tasks, including the hunt for the great semi-divine boar Twrch Trwyth. The 9th-century Historia Brittonum also refers to this tale, with the boar there named Troy(n)t.[47] Finally, Arthur is mentioned numerous times in the Welsh Triads, a collection of short summaries of Welsh tradition and legend which are classified into groups of three linked characters or episodes in order to assist recall. The later manuscripts of the Triads are partly derivative from Geoffrey of Monmouth and later continental traditions, but the earliest ones show no such influence and are usually agreed to refer to pre-existing Welsh traditions. Even in these, however, Arthur's court has started to embody legendary Britain as a whole, with "Arthur's Court" sometimes substituted for "The Island of Britain" in the formula "Three XXX of the Island of Britain".[48] While it is not clear from the Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae that Arthur was even considered a king, by the time Culhwch and Olwen and the Triads were written he had become Penteyrnedd yr Ynys hon, "Chief of the Lords of this Island", the overlord of Wales, Cornwall and the North.[49]
In addition to these pre-Galfridian Welsh poems and tales, Arthur appears in some other early Latin texts besides the Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae. In particular, Arthur features in a number of well-known vitae ("Lives") of post-Roman saints, none of which are now generally considered to be reliable historical sources (the earliest probably dates from the 11th century).[50] According to the Life of Saint Gildas, written in the early 12th century by Caradoc of Llancarfan, Arthur is said to have killed Gildas' brother Hueil and to have rescued his wife Gwenhwyfar from Glastonbury.[51] In the Life of Saint Cadoc, written around 1100 or a little before by Lifris of Llancarfan, the saint gives protection to a man who killed three of Arthur's soldiers, and Arthur demands a herd of cattle as wergeld for his men. Cadoc delivers them as demanded, but when Arthur takes possession of the animals, they turn into bundles of ferns.[52] Similar incidents are described in the medieval biographies of Carannog, Padarn and Eufflam, probably written around the 12th century. A less obviously legendary account of Arthur appears in the Legenda Sancti Goeznovii, which is often claimed to date from the early 11th century although the earliest manuscript of this text dates from the 15th century.[53] Also important are the references to Arthur in William of Malmesbury's De Gestis Regum Anglorum and Herman's De Miraculis Sanctae Mariae Laudensis, which together provide the first certain evidence for a belief that Arthur was not actually dead and would at some point return, a theme that is often revisited in post-Galfridian folklore.[54]
Geoffrey of Monmouth[link]
The first narrative account of Arthur's life is found in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Latin work Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain).[55] This work, completed c. 1138, is an imaginative and fanciful account of British kings from the legendary Trojan exile Brutus to the 7th-century Welsh king Cadwallader. Geoffrey places Arthur in the same post-Roman period as do Historia Brittonum and Annales Cambriae. He incorporates Arthur's father, Uther Pendragon, his magician advisor Merlin, and the story of Arthur's conception, in which Uther, disguised as his enemy Gorlois by Merlin's magic, sleeps with Gorlois's wife Igerna at Tintagel, and she conceives Arthur. On Uther's death, the fifteen-year-old Arthur succeeds him as King of Britain and fights a series of battles, similar to those in the Historia Brittonum, culminating in the Battle of Bath. He then defeats the Picts and Scots before creating an Arthurian empire through his conquests of Ireland, Iceland and the Orkney Islands. After twelve years of peace, Arthur sets out to expand his empire once more, taking control of Norway, Denmark and Gaul. Gaul is still held by the Roman Empire when it is conquered, and Arthur's victory naturally leads to a further confrontation between his empire and Rome's. Arthur and his warriors, including Kaius (Kay), Beduerus (Bedivere) and Gualguanus (Gawain), defeat the Roman emperor Lucius Tiberius in Gaul but, as he prepares to march on Rome, Arthur hears that his nephew Modredus (Mordred)—whom he had left in charge of Britain—has married his wife Guenhuuara (Guinevere) and seized the throne. Arthur returns to Britain and defeats and kills Modredus on the river Camblam in Cornwall, but he is mortally wounded. He hands the crown to his kinsman Constantine and is taken to the isle of Avalon to be healed of his wounds, never to be seen again.[56]
.jpg)
How much of this narrative was Geoffrey's own invention is open to debate. Certainly, Geoffrey seems to have made use of the list of Arthur's twelve battles against the Saxons found in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum, along with the battle of Camlann from the Annales Cambriae and the idea that Arthur was still alive.[58] Arthur's personal status as the king of all Britain would also seem to be borrowed from pre-Galfridian tradition, being found in Culhwch and Olwen, the Triads and the Saints' Lives.[59] In addition, many of the elements that Monmouth's King Arthur includes are strong parallels to "Culhwch and Olwen." The motifs and themes of loyalty, honor, giants, gift giving, wife-stealing, and magical creatures are prominent in both stories. Furthermore, Monmouth derived many of his character's names from "Culhwch and Olwen"; Sir Kay comes from "Kai"; Sir Bedivere is derived from "Bedwyr"; and lastly Sir Gawain is "Gwalchmei" in Welsh. Also, the heroines of both tales have similar names: the meaning of Guinever is "White Phantom", while Olwen equates with "of the white track."[60] Finally, Geoffrey borrowed many of the names for Arthur's possessions, close family and companions from the pre-Galfridian Welsh tradition, including Kaius (Cei), Beduerus (Bedwyr), Guenhuuara (Gwenhwyfar), Uther (Uthyr) and perhaps also Caliburnus (Caledfwlch), the latter becoming Excalibur in subsequent Arthurian tales.[61] However, while names, key events and titles may have been borrowed, Brynley Roberts has argued that "the Arthurian section is Geoffrey’s literary creation and it owes nothing to prior narrative."[62] So, for instance, the Welsh Medraut is made the villainous Modredus by Geoffrey, but there is no trace of such a negative character for this figure in Welsh sources until the 16th century.[63] There have been relatively few modern attempts to challenge this notion that the Historia Regum Britanniae is primarily Geoffrey's own work, with scholarly opinion often echoing William of Newburgh's late-12th-century comment that Geoffrey "made up" his narrative, perhaps through an "inordinate love of lying".[64] Geoffrey Ashe is one dissenter from this view, believing that Geoffrey's narrative is partially derived from a lost source telling of the deeds of a 5th-century British king named Riotamus, this figure being the original Arthur, although historians and Celticists have been reluctant to follow Ashe in his conclusions.[65]
Whatever his sources may have been, the immense popularity of Geoffrey's Historia Regum Britanniae cannot be denied. Well over 200 manuscript copies of Geoffrey’s Latin work are known to have survived, and this does not include translations into other languages.[66] Thus, for example, around 60 manuscripts are extant containing Welsh-language versions of the Historia, the earliest of which were created in the 13th century; the old notion that some of these Welsh versions actually underlie Geoffrey's Historia, advanced by antiquarians such as the 18th-century Lewis Morris, has long since been discounted in academic circles.[67] As a result of this popularity, Geoffrey's Historia Regum Britanniae was enormously influential on the later medieval development of the Arthurian legend. While it was by no means the only creative force behind Arthurian romance, many of its elements were borrowed and developed (e.g., Merlin and the final fate of Arthur), and it provided the historical framework into which the romancers' tales of magical and wonderful adventures were inserted.[68]
Romance traditions[link]
The popularity of Geoffrey's Historia and its other derivative works (such as Wace's Roman de Brut) is generally agreed to be an important factor in explaining the appearance of significant numbers of new Arthurian works in continental Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries, particularly in France.[69] It was not, however, the only Arthurian influence on the developing "Matter of Britain". There is clear evidence for a knowledge of Arthur and Arthurian tales on the Continent before Geoffrey's work became widely known (see for example, the Modena Archivolt),[70] as well as for the use of "Celtic" names and stories not found in Geoffrey's Historia in the Arthurian romances.[71] From the perspective of Arthur, perhaps the most significant effect of this great outpouring of new Arthurian story was on the role of the king himself: much of this 12th-century and later Arthurian literature centres less on Arthur himself than on characters such as Lancelot and Guenevere, Perceval, Galahad, Gawain, and Tristan and Isolde. Whereas Arthur is very much at the centre of the pre-Galfridian material and Geoffrey's Historia itself, in the romances he is rapidly sidelined.[72] His character also alters significantly. In both the earliest materials and Geoffrey he is a great and ferocious warrior, who laughs as he personally slaughters witches and giants and takes a leading role in all military campaigns,[73] whereas in the continental romances he becomes the roi fainéant, the "do-nothing king", whose "inactivity and acquiescence constituted a central flaw in his otherwise ideal society".[74] Arthur's role in these works is frequently that of a wise, dignified, even-tempered, somewhat bland, and occasionally feeble monarch. So, he simply turns pale and silent when he learns of Lancelot's affair with Guinevere in the Mort Artu, whilst in Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion he is unable to stay awake after a feast and has to retire for a nap.[75] Nonetheless, as Norris J. Lacy has observed, whatever his faults and frailties may be in these Arthurian romances, "his prestige is never—or almost never—compromised by his personal weaknesses ... his authority and glory remain intact."[76]
File:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, from Pearl Manuscript.jpg
Arthur (top centre) in an illustration to the Middle English poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, late 14th century
Arthur and his retinue appear in some of the Lais of Marie de France,[77] but it was the work of another French poet, Chrétien de Troyes, that had the greatest influence with regard to the above development of the character of Arthur and his legend.[78] Chrétien wrote five Arthurian romances between c. 1170 and c. 1190. Erec and Enide and Cligès are tales of courtly love with Arthur's court as their backdrop, demonstrating the shift away from the heroic world of the Welsh and Galfridian Arthur, while Yvain, the Knight of the Lion features Yvain and Gawain in a supernatural adventure, with Arthur very much on the sidelines and weakened. However, the most significant for the development of the Arthurian legend are Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, which introduces Lancelot and his adulterous relationship with Arthur's queen (Guinevere), extending and popularizing the recurring theme of Arthur as a cuckold, and Perceval, the Story of the Grail, which introduces the Holy Grail and the Fisher King and which again sees Arthur having a much reduced role.[79] Chrétien was thus "instrumental both in the elaboration of the Arthurian legend and in the establishment of the ideal form for the diffusion of that legend",[80] and much of what came after him in terms of the portrayal of Arthur and his world built upon the foundations he had laid. Perceval, although unfinished, was particularly popular: four separate continuations of the poem appeared over the next half century, with the notion of the Grail and its quest being developed by other writers such as Robert de Boron, a fact that helped accelerate the decline of Arthur in continental romance.[81] Similarly, Lancelot and his cuckolding of Arthur with Guinevere became one of the classic motifs of the Arthurian legend, although the Lancelot of the prose Lancelot (c. 1225) and later texts was a combination of Chrétien's character and that of Ulrich von Zatzikhoven's Lanzelet.[82] Chrétien's work even appears to feed back into Welsh Arthurian literature, with the result that the romance Arthur began to replace the heroic, active Arthur in Welsh literary tradition.[83] Particularly significant in this development were the three Welsh Arthurian romances, which are closely similar to those of Chrétien, albeit with some significant differences: Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain is related to Chrétien's Yvain; Geraint and Enid, to Erec and Enide; and Peredur son of Efrawg, to Perceval.[84]
Up to c. 1210, continental Arthurian romance was expressed primarily through poetry; after this date the tales began to be told in prose. The most significant of these 13th-century prose romances was the Vulgate Cycle (also known as the Lancelot-Grail Cycle), a series of five Middle French prose works written in the first half of that century.[85] These works were the Estoire del Saint Grail, the Estoire de Merlin, the Lancelot propre (or Prose Lancelot, which made up half the entire Vulgate Cycle on its own), the Queste del Saint Graal and the Mort Artu, which combine to form the first coherent version of the entire Arthurian legend. The cycle continued the trend towards reducing the role played by Arthur in his own legend, partly through the introduction of the character of Galahad and an expansion of the role of Merlin. It also made Mordred the result of an incestuous relationship between Arthur and his sister and established the role of Camelot, first mentioned in passing in Chrétien's Lancelot, as Arthur's primary court.[86] This series of texts was quickly followed by the Post-Vulgate Cycle (c. 1230–40), of which the Suite du Merlin is a part, which greatly reduced the importance of Lancelot's affair with Guinevere but continued to sideline Arthur, now in order to focus more on the Grail quest.[85] As such, Arthur became even more of a relatively minor character in these French prose romances; in the Vulgate itself he only figures significantly in the Estoire de Merlin and the Mort Artu.
The development of the medieval Arthurian cycle and the character of the "Arthur of romance" culminated in Le Morte d'Arthur, Thomas Malory's retelling of the entire legend in a single work in English in the late 15th century. Malory based his book—originally titled The Whole Book of King Arthur and of His Noble Knights of the Round Table—on the various previous romance versions, in particular the Vulgate Cycle, and appears to have aimed at creating a comprehensive and authoritative collection of Arthurian stories.[87] Perhaps as a result of this, and the fact that Le Morte D'Arthur was one of the earliest printed books in England, published by William Caxton in 1485, most later Arthurian works are derivative of Malory's.[88]
Decline, revival, and the modern legend[link]
Post-medieval literature[link]
The end of the Middle Ages brought with it a waning of interest in King Arthur. Although Malory's English version of the great French romances was popular, there were increasing attacks upon the truthfulness of the historical framework of the Arthurian romances—established since Geoffrey of Monmouth's time—and thus the legitimacy of the whole Matter of Britain. So, for example, the 16th-century humanist scholar Polydore Vergil famously rejected the claim that Arthur was the ruler of a post-Roman empire, found throughout the post-Galfridian medieval "chronicle tradition", to the horror of Welsh and English antiquarians.[89] Social changes associated with the end of the medieval period and the Renaissance also conspired to rob the character of Arthur and his associated legend of some of their power to enthral audiences, with the result that 1634 saw the last printing of Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur for nearly 200 years.[90] King Arthur and the Arthurian legend were not entirely abandoned, but until the early 19th century the material was taken less seriously and was often used simply as vehicle for allegories of 17th- and 18th-century politics.[91] Thus Richard Blackmore's epics Prince Arthur (1695) and King Arthur (1697) feature Arthur as an allegory for the struggles of William III against James II.[92] Similarly, the most popular Arthurian tale throughout this period seems to have been that of Tom Thumb, which was told first through chapbooks and later through the political plays of Henry Fielding; although the action is clearly set in Arthurian Britain, the treatment is humorous and Arthur appears as a primarily comedic version of his romance character.[93]
John Dryden's masque King Arthur is still performed, largely thanks to Henry Purcell's music, though seldom unabridged.
Tennyson and the revival[link]
In the early 19th century, medievalism, Romanticism, and the Gothic Revival reawakened interest in Arthur and the medieval romances. A new code of ethics for 19th-century gentlemen was shaped around the chivalric ideals that the "Arthur of romance" embodied. This renewed interest first made itself felt in 1816, when Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur was reprinted for the first time since 1634.[94] Initially the medieval Arthurian legends were of particular interest to poets, inspiring, for example, William Wordsworth to write "The Egyptian Maid" (1835), an allegory of the Holy Grail.[95] Pre-eminent among these was Alfred Lord Tennyson, whose first Arthurian poem, "The Lady of Shalott", was published in 1832.[96] Although Arthur himself played a minor role in some of these works, following in the medieval romance tradition, Tennyson's Arthurian work reached its peak of popularity with Idylls of the King, which reworked the entire narrative of Arthur's life for the Victorian era. First published in 1859, it sold 10,000 copies within the first week.[97] In the Idylls, Arthur became a symbol of ideal manhood whose attempt to establish a perfect kingdom on earth fails, finally, through human weakness.[98] Tennyson's works prompted a large number of imitators, generated considerable public interest in the legends of Arthur and the character himself, and brought Malory’s tales to a wider audience.[99] Indeed, the first modernization of Malory's great compilation of Arthur's tales was published shortly after Idylls appeared, in 1862, and there were six further editions and five competitors before the century ended.[100]
This interest in the "Arthur of romance" and his associated stories continued through the 19th century and into the 20th, and influenced poets such as William Morris and Pre-Raphaelite artists including Edward Burne-Jones.[101] Even the humorous tale of Tom Thumb, which had been the primary manifestation of Arthur's legend in the 18th century, was rewritten after the publication of Idylls. While Tom maintained his small stature and remained a figure of comic relief, his story now included more elements from the medieval Arthurian romances, and Arthur is treated more seriously and historically in these new versions.[102] The revived Arthurian romance also proved influential in the United States, with such books as Sidney Lanier's The Boy's King Arthur (1880) reaching wide audiences and providing inspiration for Mark Twain's satiric A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889).[103] Although the "Arthur of romance" was sometimes central to these new Arthurian works (as he was in Burne-Jones's The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon, 1881–1898), on other occasions he reverted back to his medieval status and is either marginalised or even missing entirely, with Wagner's Arthurian operas providing a notable instance of the latter.[104] Furthermore, the revival of interest in Arthur and the Arthurian tales did not continue unabated. By the end of the 19th century, it was confined mainly to Pre-Raphaelite imitators,[105] and it could not avoid being affected by the First World War, which damaged the reputation of chivalry and thus interest in its medieval manifestations and Arthur as chivalric role model.[106] The romance tradition did, however, remain sufficiently powerful to persuade Thomas Hardy, Laurence Binyon and John Masefield to compose Arthurian plays,[107] and T. S. Eliot alludes to the Arthur myth (but not Arthur) in his poem The Waste Land, which mentions the Fisher King.[108]
Modern legend[link]
See also: King Arthur in various media
In the latter half of the 20th century, the influence of the romance tradition of Arthur continued, through novels such as T. H. White's The Once and Future King (1958) and Marion Zimmer Bradley's The Mists of Avalon (1982) in addition to comic strips such as Prince Valiant (from 1937 onward).[109] Tennyson had reworked the romance tales of Arthur to suit and comment upon the issues of his day, and the same is often the case with modern treatments too. Bradley's tale, for example, takes a feminist approach to Arthur and his legend, in contrast to the narratives of Arthur found in medieval materials,[110] and American authors often rework the story of Arthur to be more consistent with values such as equality and democracy.[111] The romance Arthur has become popular in film and theatre as well. T. H. White's novel was adapted into the Lerner-Loewe stage musical Camelot (1960) and the Disney animated film The Sword in the Stone (1963); Camelot, with its focus on the love of Lancelot and Guinevere and the cuckolding of Arthur, was itself made into a film of the same name in 1967. The romance tradition of Arthur is particularly evident and, according to critics, successfully handled in Robert Bresson's Lancelot du Lac (1974), Eric Rohmer's Perceval le Gallois (1978) and perhaps John Boorman's fantasy film Excalibur (1981); it is also the main source of the material utilised in the Arthurian spoof Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975).[112]
Re-tellings and re-imaginings of the romance tradition are not the only important aspect of the modern legend of King Arthur. Attempts to portray Arthur as a genuine historical figure of c. 500 AD, stripping away the "romance", have also emerged. As Taylor and Brewer have noted, this return to the medieval "chronicle tradition"' of Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Historia Brittonum is a recent trend which became dominant in Arthurian literature in the years following the outbreak of the Second World War, when Arthur's legendary resistance to Germanic invaders struck a chord in Britain.[113] Clemence Dane's series of radio plays, The Saviours (1942), used a historical Arthur to embody the spirit of heroic resistance against desperate odds, and Robert Sherriff's play The Long Sunset (1955) saw Arthur rallying Romano-British resistance against the Germanic invaders.[114] This trend towards placing Arthur in a historical setting is also apparent in historical and fantasy novels published during this period.[115] In recent years the portrayal of Arthur as a real hero of the 5th century has also made its way into film versions of the Arthurian legend, most notably the TV series Arthur of the Britons[116] and the feature films King Arthur (2004) and The Last Legion (2007).[117] The 2008 BBC series Merlin is a reimagining of the legend in which the future King Arthur and Merlin are young contemporaries. Camelot (2011) [118] is an exclusive short series of episodes which depict Arthur in ancient Briton and his struggle for the throne. Also, a recent Disney film, Avalon High has been released, the story about a modern day King Arthur and his knights of the round table.
Legacy as a role model[link]
During the Middle Ages, Arthur was made a member of the Nine Worthies, a group of heroes encapsulating all the ideal qualities of chivalry. His life was thus proposed as a valuable subject for study by those aspiring to chivalric status. This aspect of Arthur in the Nine Worthies was popularised firstly through literature and was thereafter adopted as a frequent subject by painters and sculptors. Arthur has also been used as a model for modern-day behaviour. In the 1930s, the Order of the Fellowship of the Knights of the Round Table was formed in Britain to promote Christian ideals and Arthurian notions of medieval chivalry.[119] In the United States, hundreds of thousands of boys and girls joined Arthurian youth groups, such as the Knights of King Arthur, in which Arthur and his legends were promoted as wholesome exemplars.[120]
Legacy in popular culture[link]
Arthur's diffusion within contemporary culture goes beyond obviously Arthurian endeavours, with Arthurian names being regularly attached to objects, buildings and places. As Norris J. Lacy has observed, "The popular notion of Arthur appears to be limited, not surprisingly, to a few motifs and names, but there can be no doubt of the extent to which a legend born many centuries ago is profoundly embedded in modern culture at every level."[121]
See also[link]
- Historical basis for King Arthur
- King Arthur's family
- King Arthur's messianic return
- Excalibur and Clarent, King Arthur's weapons
- List of Arthurian characters
- List of books about King Arthur
- List of films based on Arthurian legend
- Nine Worthies, of which Arthur was one
Notes[link]
- ^ Barber 1986, p. 141
- ^ Higham 2002, pp. 11–37, has a summary of the debate on this point.
- ^ Charles-Edwards 1991, p. 15; Sims-Williams 1991. Y Gododdin cannot be dated precisely: it describes 6th-century events and contains 9th- or 10th- century spelling, but the surviving copy is 13th-century.
- ^ Thorpe 1966, but see also Loomis 1956
- ^ See Padel 1994; Sims-Williams 1991; Green 2007b; and Roberts 1991a
- ^ Dumville 1986; Higham 2002, pp. 116–69; Green 2007b, pp. 15–26, 30–38.
- ^ Green 2007b, pp. 26–30; Koch 1996, pp. 251–53.
- ^ Charles-Edwards 1991, p. 29
- ^ Morris 1973
- ^ Myres 1986, p. 16
- ^ Gildas, De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, chapter 26.
- ^ Pryor 2004, pp. 22–27
- ^ Bede, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, Book 1.16.
- ^ Dumville 1977, pp. 187–88
- ^ Green 1998; Padel 1994; Green 2007b, chapters five and seven.
- ^ Historia Brittonum 56, 73; Annales Cambriae 516, 537.
- ^ For example, Ashley 2005.
- ^ Heroic Age 1999
- ^ Modern scholarship views the Glastonbury cross as the result of a probably late 12th-century fraud. See Rahtz 1993 and Carey 1999.
- ^ These range from Lucius Artorius Castus, a Roman officer who served in Britain in the 2nd or 3rd century (Littleton & Malcor 1994), to Roman usurper emperors such as Magnus Maximus or sub-Roman British rulers such as Riotamus (Ashe 1985), Ambrosius Aurelianus (Reno 1996), Owain Ddantgwyn (Phillips & Keatman 1992), and Athrwys ap Meurig (Gilbert, Wilson & Blackett 1998)
- ^ Malone 1925
- ^ Marcella Chelotti, Vincenza Morizio, Marina Silvestrini, Le epigrafi romane di Canosa, Volume 1, Edipuglia srl, 1990, pp. 261, 264.
- ^ Ciro Santoro, "Per la nuova iscrizione messapica di Oria", La Zagaglia, A. VII, n. 27, 1965, pp. 271-293.
- ^ Ciro Santoro, "La Nuova Epigrafe Messapica «IM 4. 16, I-III» di Ostuni ed nomi" in Art-, Ricerche e Studi, Volume 12, 1979, pp. 45-60
- ^ Wilhelm Schulze, "Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen" (Volume 5, Issue 2 of Abhandlungen der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Philologisch-Historische Klasse, Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Göttingen Philologisch-Historische Klasse) , 2nd edition, Weidmann, 1966, p. 72, pp. 333-338
- ^ Olli Salomies: Die römischen Vornamen. Studien zur römischen Namengebung. Helsinki 1987, p. 68
- ^ Herbig, Gust., "Falisca", Glotta, Band II, Göttingen, 1910, p. 98
- ^ Koch 1996, p. 253
- ^ Zimmer, Stefan, "The Name of Arthur – A New Etymology ", Journal of Celtic Linguistics, Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2009, University of Wales Press, pp. 131-136.
- ^ See Higham 2002, p. 74.
- ^ See Higham 2002, p. 80.
- ^
- Zimmer, Stefan, "The Name of Arthur: a new etymology", in: Journal of Celtic Linguistics, Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2009, University of Wales Press, pp. 131-136.
- Bromwich, Rachel, Trioedd ynys Prydein: the Welsh triads, University of Wales Press, 1978, p. 544
- Zimmer, Stefan, "Die keltischen Wurzeln der Artussage: mit einer vollständigen Übersetzung der ältesten Artuserzählung Culhwch und Olwen", Winter, 2006, p. 37
- Johnson, Flint, The British Sources of the Abduction and Grail Romances, University Press of America, 2002, pp. 38-39.
- Walter, Philippe; Faccia, M. (trans.), Artù. L'orso e il re, Edizioni Arkeios, 2005, p. 74. (Original French ed.: Arthur: l'ours et le roi; Paris: Imago, 2002 ISBN 2-911416-64-3
- Chambers, Edmund Kerchever, Arthur of Britain, Speculum Historiale, 1964, p. 170
- ^ Anderson 2004, pp. 28–29; Green 2007b, pp. 191–4.
- ^ * Jaski, Bart, "Early Irish examples of the name Arthur", in: Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie; Bd. 56, 2004.
- ^ Adomnán, I, 8–9 and translator's note 81; Bannerman, pp. 82–83. Bannerman, pp. 90–91, notes that Artúr is the son of Conaing, son of Áedán in the Senchus fer n-Alban.
- ^ Green 2007b, pp. 45–176
- ^ Green 2007b, pp. 93–130
- ^ Padel 1994 has a thorough discussion of this aspect of Arthur's character.
- ^ Green 2007b, pp. 135–76. On his possessions and wife, see also Ford 1983.
- ^ Williams 1937, p. 64, line 1242
- ^ Charles-Edwards 1991, p. 15; Koch 1996, pp. 242–45; Green 2007b, pp. 13–15, 50–52.
- ^ See, for example, Haycock 1983–84 and Koch 1996, pp. 264–65.
- ^ Online translations of this poem are out-dated and inaccurate. See Haycock 2007, pp. 293–311, for a full translation, and Green 2007b, p. 197 for a discussion of its Arthurian aspects.
- ^ See, for example, Green 2007b, pp. 54–67 and Budgey 1992, who includes a translation.
- ^ Koch & Carey 1994, pp. 314–15
- ^ Sims-Williams 1991, pp. 38–46 has a full translation and analysis of this poem.
- ^ For a discussion of the tale, see Bromwich & Evans 1992; see also Padel 1994, pp. 2–4; Roberts 1991a; and Green 2007b, pp. 67–72 and chapter three.
- ^ Barber 1986, pp. 17–18, 49; Bromwich 1978
- ^ Roberts 1991a, pp. 78, 81
- ^ Roberts 1991a
- ^ Translated in Coe & Young 1995, pp. 22–27. On the Glastonbury tale and its Otherworldly antecedents, see Sims-Williams 1991, pp. 58–61.
- ^ Coe & Young 1995, pp. 26–37
- ^ See Ashe 1985 for an attempt to use this vita as a historical source.
- ^ Padel 1994, pp. 8–12; Green 2007b, pp. 72–5, 259, 261–2; Bullock-Davies 1982
- ^ Wright 1985; Thorpe 1966
- ^ Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia Regum Britanniae Book 8.19–24, Book 9, Book 10, Book 11.1–2
- ^ Thorpe 1966
- ^ Roberts 1991b, p. 106; Padel 1994, pp. 11–12
- ^ Green 2007b, pp. 217–19
- ^ History of the Kings of Britain p172
- ^ Roberts 1991b, pp. 109–10, 112; Bromwich & Evans 1992, pp. 64–5
- ^ Roberts 1991b, p. 108
- ^ Bromwich 1978, pp. 454–55
- ^ See, for example, Brooke 1986, p. 95.
- ^ Ashe 1985, p. 6; Padel 1995, p. 110; Higham 2002, p. 76.
- ^ Crick 1989
- ^ Sweet 2004, p. 140. See further, Roberts 1991b and Roberts 1980.
- ^ As noted by, for example, Ashe 1996.
- ^ For example, Thorpe 1966, p. 29
- ^ Stokstad 1996
- ^ Loomis 1956; Bromwich 1983; Bromwich 1991.
- ^ Lacy 1996a, p. 16; Morris 1982, p. 2.
- ^ For example, Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia Regum Britanniae Book 10.3.
- ^ Padel 2000, p. 81
- ^ Morris 1982, pp. 99–102; Lacy 1996a, p. 17.
- ^ Lacy 1996a, p. 17
- ^ Burgess & Busby 1999
- ^ Lacy 1996b
- ^ Kibler & Carroll 1991, p. 1
- ^ Lacy 1996b, p. 88
- ^ Roach 1949–83
- ^ Ulrich, von Zatzikhoven 2005
- ^ Padel 2000, pp. 77–82
- ^ See Jones & Jones 1949 for accurate translations of all three texts. It is not entirely certain what, exactly, the relationship is between these Welsh romances and Chrétien's works, however: see Koch 1996, pp. 280–88 for a survey of opinions
- ^ a b Lacy 1992–96
- ^ For a study of this cycle, see Burns 1985.
- ^ On Malory and his work, see Field 1993 and Field 1998.
- ^ Vinaver 1990
- ^ Carley 1984
- ^ Parins 1995, p. 5
- ^ Ashe 1968, pp. 20–21; Merriman 1973
- ^ Ashe 1968, pp. 20–21
- ^ Green 2007a
- ^ Parins 1995, pp. 8–10
- ^ Wordsworth 1835
- ^ See Potwin 1902 for the sources Tennyson used when writing this poem
- ^ Taylor & Brewer 1983, p. 127
- ^ See Rosenberg 1973 and Taylor & Brewer 1983, pp. 89–128 for analyses of The Idylls of the King.
- ^ See, for example, Simpson 1990.
- ^ Staines 1996, p. 449
- ^ Taylor & Brewer 1983, pp. 127–161; Mancoff 1990.
- ^ Green 2007a, p. 127; Gamerschlag 1983
- ^ Twain 1889; Smith & Thompson 1996.
- ^ Watson 2002
- ^ Mancoff 1990
- ^ Workman 1994
- ^ Hardy 1923; Binyon 1923; and Masefield 1927
- ^ Eliot 1949; Barber 2004, pp. 327–28
- ^ White 1958; Bradley 1982; Tondro 2002, p. 170
- ^ Lagorio 1996
- ^ Lupack & Lupack 1991
- ^ Harty 1996; Harty 1997
- ^ Taylor & Brewer 1983, chapter nine; see also Higham 2002, pp. 21–22, 30.
- ^ Thompson 1996, p. 141
- ^ For example: Rosemary Sutcliff's The Lantern Bearers (1959) and Sword at Sunset (1963); Mary Stewart's The Crystal Cave (1970) and its sequels; Parke Godwin's Firelord (1980) and its sequels; Stephen Lawhead's The Pendragon Cycle (1987–99); Nikolai Tolstoy's The Coming of the King (1988); Jack Whyte's The Camulod Chronicles (1992–97); and Bernard Cornwell's The Warlord Chronicles (1995–97). See List of books about King Arthur.
- ^ Arthur of the Britons (TV Series 1972–1973) - IMDb
- ^ King Arthur at the Internet Movie Database; The Last Legion at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Camelot at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Thomas 1993, pp. 128–31
- ^ Lupack 2002, p. 2; Forbush & Forbush 1915
- ^ Lacy 1996c, p. 364
References[link]
- Anderson, Graham (2004), King Arthur in Antiquity, London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-31714-6 .
- Ashe, Geoffrey (1985), The Discovery of King Arthur, Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday, ISBN 978-0-385-19032-9 .
- Ashe, Geoffrey (1996), "Geoffrey of Monmouth", in Lacy, Norris, The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, pp. 179–82, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Ashe, Geoffrey (1968), "The Visionary Kingdom", in Ashe, Geoffrey, The Quest for Arthur's Britain, London: Granada, ISBN 0-586-08044-9
- Ashley, Michael (2005), The Mammoth Book of King Arthur, London: Robinson, ISBN 978-1-84119-249-9 .
- Barber, Richard (1986), King Arthur: Hero and Legend, Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, ISBN 0-85115-254-6 .
- Barber, Richard (2004), The Holy Grail: Imagination and Belief, London: Allen Lane, ISBN 978-0-7139-9206-9 .
- Binyon, Laurence (1923), Arthur: A Tragedy, London: Heinemann, OCLC 17768778 .
- Bradley, Marion Zimmer (1982), The Mists of Avalon, New York: Knopf, ISBN 978-0-394-52406-1 .
- Bromwich, Rachel (1978), Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Welsh Triads, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, ISBN 978-0-7083-0690-1 . Second ed.
- Bromwich, Rachel (1983), "Celtic Elements in Arthurian Romance: A General Survey", in Grout, P. B.; Diverres, Armel Hugh, The Legend of Arthur in the Middle Ages, Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, pp. 41–55, ISBN 978-0-85991-132-0 .
- Bromwich, Rachel (1991), "First Transmission to England and France", in Bromwich, Rachel; Jarman, A. O. H.; Roberts, Brynley F., The Arthur of the Welsh, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 273–98, ISBN 978-0-7083-1107-3 .
- Bromwich, Rachel; Evans, D. Simon (1992), Culhwch and Olwen. An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, ISBN 978-0-7083-1127-1 .
- Brooke, Christopher N. L. (1986), The Church and the Welsh Border in the Central Middle Ages, Woodbridge: Boydell, ISBN 978-0-85115-175-5 .
- Budgey, A. (1992), "'Preiddeu Annwn' and the Welsh Tradition of Arthur", Celtic Languages and Celtic People: Proceedings of the Second North American Congress of Celtic Studies, held in Halifax, August 16–19, 1989, Halifax, Nova Scotia: D'Arcy McGee Chair of Irish Studies, Saint Mary's University, pp. 391–404, ISBN 978-0-9696252-0-9 .
- Bullock-Davies, C. (1982), "Exspectare Arthurum, Arthur and the Messianic Hope", Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies (29): 432–40 .
- Burgess, Glyn S.; Busby, Keith, eds. (1999), The Lais of Marie de France, London: Penguin, ISBN 978-0-14-044759-0 . 2nd. ed.
- Burns, E. Jane (1985), Arthurian Fictions: Re-reading the Vulgate Cycle, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, ISBN 978-0-8142-0387-3 .
- Carey, John (1999), "The Finding of Arthur’s Grave: A Story from Clonmacnoise?", in Carey, John; Koch, John T.; Lambert, Pierre-Yves, Ildánach Ildírech. A Festschrift for Proinsias Mac Cana, Andover: Celtic Studies Publications, pp. 1–14, ISBN 978-1-891271-01-4 .
- Carley, J. P. (1984), "Polydore Vergil and John Leland on King Arthur: The Battle of the Books", Interpretations (15): 86–100 .
- Charles-Edwards, Thomas M. (1991), "The Arthur of History", in Bromwich, Rachel; Jarman, A. O. H.; Roberts, Brynley F., The Arthur of the Welsh, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 15–32, ISBN 978-0-7083-1107-3 .
- Coe, John B.; Young, Simon (1995), The Celtic Sources for the Arthurian Legend, Felinfach, Lampeter: Llanerch, ISBN 978-1-897853-83-2 .
- Crick, Julia C. (1989), The "Historia regum Britanniae" of Geoffrey of Monmouth. 3: A Summary Catalogue of the Manuscripts, Cambridge: Brewer, ISBN 978-0-85991-213-6 .
- Dumville, D. N. (1977), "Sub-Roman Britain: History and Legend", History 62 (62): 173–92, DOI:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1977.tb02335.x .
- Dumville, D. N. (1986), "The Historical Value of the Historia Brittonum", Arthurian Literature (6): 1–26 .
- Eliot, Thomas Stearns (1949), The Waste Land and Other Poems, London: Faber and Faber, OCLC 56866661 .
- Field, P. J. C. (1993), The Life and Times of Sir Thomas Malory, Cambridge: Brewer, ISBN 978-0-585-16570-7 .
- Field, P. J. C. (1998), Malory: Texts and Sources, Cambridge: Brewer, ISBN 978-0-85991-536-6 .
- Ford, P. K. (1983), "On the Significance of some Arthurian Names in Welsh", Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies (30): 268–73 .
- Forbush, William Byron; Forbush, Dascomb (1915), The Knights of King Arthur: How To Begin and What To Do, The Camelot Project at the University of Rochester, http://www.lib.rochester.edu/CAMELOT/KOKA.htm, retrieved 2008-05-22 .
- Gamerschlag, K. (1983), "Tom Thumb und König Arthur; oder: Der Däumling als Maßstab der Welt. Beobachtungen zu dreihundertfünfzig Jahren gemeinsamer Geschichte" (in German), Anglia (101): 361–91 .
- Gilbert, Adrian; Wilson, Alan; Blackett, Baram (1998), The Holy Kingdom, London: Corgi, ISBN 978-0-552-14489-6 .
- Green, Thomas (1998), "The Historicity and Historicisation of Arthur", Thomas Green's Arthurian Resources, http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/historicity/arthur.htm, retrieved 2008-05-22 .
- Green, Thomas (August, 2007), "Tom Thumb and Jack the Giant Killer: Two Arthurian Fairytales?", Folklore 118 (2): 123–40, DOI:10.1080/00155870701337296, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=25902140&site=ehost-live . (EBSCO subscription required for online access.)
- Green, Thomas (2007b), Concepts of Arthur, Stroud: Tempus, ISBN 978-0-7524-4461-1, http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/concepts .
- Griffen, Toby D. (8 April 1994) (PDF), Arthur's Name, Celtic Studies Association of North America, http://www.fanad.net/csana94.pdf, retrieved 2009-09-21 . Conference paper.
- Haycock, M. (1983–84), "Preiddeu Annwn and the Figure of Taliesin", Studia Celtica' (18/19): 52–78 .
- Haycock, M. (2007), Legendary Poems from the Book of Taliesin, Aberystwyth: CMCS, ISBN 978-0-9527478-9-5 .
- Hardy, Thomas (1923), The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall at Tintagel in Lyonnesse: A New Version of an Old Story Arranged as a Play for Mummers, in One Act, Requiring No Theatre or Scenery, London: Macmillan, OCLC 1124753 .
- Harty, Kevin J. (1996), "Films", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, pp. 152–155, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Harty, Kevin J. (1997), "Arthurian Film", Arthuriana/Camelot Project Bibliography, http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/acpbibs/harty.htm, retrieved 2008-05-22 .
- Heroic Age (Spring/Summer, 1999), "Early Medieval Tintagel: An Interview with Archaeologists Rachel Harry and Kevin Brady", The Heroic Age (1), http://www.mun.ca/mst/heroicage/issues/1/hati.htm .
- Higham, N. J. (2002), King Arthur, Myth-Making and History, London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-21305-9 .
- Jones, Gwyn; Jones, Thomas, eds. (1949), The Mabinogion, London: Dent, OCLC 17884380 .
- Kibler, William; Carroll, Carleton W., eds. (1991), Chrétien de Troyes: Arthurian Romances, London: Penguin, ISBN 978-0-14-044521-3 .
- Koch, John T. (1996), "The Celtic Lands", in Lacy, Norris J., Medieval Arthurian Literature: A Guide to Recent Research, New York: Garland, pp. 239–322, ISBN 978-0-8153-2160-6 .
- Koch, John T.; Carey, John (1994), The Celtic Heroic Age: Literary Sources for Ancient Celtic Europe and Early Ireland and Wales, Malden, MA: Celtic Studies Publications, ISBN 978-0-9642446-2-7 .
- Lacy, Norris J. (1992–96), Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in Translation, New York: Garland, ISBN 978-0-8153-0757-0 . 5 vols.
- Lacy, Norris J. (1996a), "Character of Arthur", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, pp. 16–17, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Lacy, Norris J. (1996b), "Chrétien de Troyes", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, pp. 88–91, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Lacy, Norris J. (1996c), "Popular Culture", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, pp. 363–64, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Lagorio, V. M. (1996), "Bradley, Marion Zimmer", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, p. 57, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Littleton, C. Scott; Malcor, Linda A. (1994), From Scythia to Camelot: A Radical Reassessment of the Legends of King Arthur, the Knights of the Round Table and the Holy Grail, New York: Garland, ISBN 978-0-8153-1496-7 .
- Loomis, Roger Sherman (1956), "The Arthurian Legend before 1139", in Loomis, Roger Sherman, Wales and the Arthurian Legend, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 179–220, OCLC 2792376 .
- Lupack, Alan; Lupack, Barbara (1991), King Arthur in America, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-85991-543-3|978-0-85991-543-3]] .
- Lupack, Alan (2002), "Preface", in Sklar, Elizabeth Sherr; Hoffman, Donald L., King Arthur in Popular Culture, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, pp. 1–3, ISBN 978-0-7864-1257-0 .
- Malone, Kemp (May, 1925), "Artorius", Modern Philology 22 (4): 367–74, DOI:10.1086/387553, JSTOR 433555 . (JSTOR subscription required for online access.)
- Mancoff, Debra N. (1990), The Arthurian Revival in Victorian Art, New York: Garland, ISBN 978-0-8240-7040-3 .
- Masefield, John (1927), Tristan and Isolt: A Play in Verse, London: Heinemann, OCLC 4787138 .
- Merriman, James Douglas (1973), The Flower of Kings: A Study of the Arthurian Legend in England Between 1485 and 1835, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, ISBN 978-0-7006-0102-8 .
- Monmouth, Geoffrey of (2009), Joseph Black, ed., "A History of the Kings of Britain", The Broadview Anthology of British Literature:The Medieval Period (Toronto: Broadview Press): pp. 157–179 .
- Morris, John (1973), The Age of Arthur: A History of the British Isles from 350 to 650, New York: Scribner, ISBN 978-0-684-13313-3 .
- Morris, Rosemary (1982), The Character of King Arthur in Medieval Literature, Cambridge: Brewer, ISBN 978-0-8476-7118-2 .
- Myres, J. N. L. (1986), The English Settlements, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-282235-2 .
- Padel, O. J. (1994), "The Nature of Arthur", Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies (27): 1–31 .
- Padel, O. J. (Fall, 1995), "Recent Work on the Origins of the Arthurian Legend: A Comment", Arthuriana 5 (3): 103–14 .
- Padel, O. J. (2000), Arthur in Medieval Welsh Literature, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, ISBN 978-0-7083-1682-5 .
- Parins, Marylyn Jackson (1995), Sir Thomas Malory: The Critical Heritage, London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-13400-2 .
- Phillips, Graham; Keatman, Martin (1992), King Arthur: The True Story, London: Century, ISBN 978-0-7126-5580-4 .
- Potwin, L. S. (1902), "The Source of Tennyson's 'The Lady of Shalott'", Modern Language Notes (Modern Language Notes, Vol. 17, No. 8) 17 (8): 237–239, DOI:10.2307/2917812, JSTOR 2917812 .
- Pryor, Francis (2004), Britain AD: A Quest for England, Arthur, and the Anglo-Saxons, London: HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-00-718186-5 .
- Rahtz, Philip (1993), English Heritage Book of Glastonbury, London: Batsford, ISBN 978-0-7134-6865-6 .
- Reno, Frank D. (1996), The Historic King Arthur: Authenticating the Celtic Hero of Post-Roman Britain, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0266-3 .
- Roach, William, ed. (1949–83), The Continuations of the Old French 'Perceval' of Chrétien de Troyes, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, OCLC 67476613 . 5 vols.
- Roberts, Brynley F. (1980) (in Welsh), Brut Tysilio: darlith agoriadol gan Athro y Gymraeg a'i Llenyddiaeth, Abertawe: Coleg Prifysgol Abertawe, ISBN 978-0-86076-020-7 .
- Roberts, Brynley F. (1991a), "Culhwch ac Olwen, The Triads, Saints' Lives", in Bromwich, Rachel; Jarman, A. O. H.; Roberts, Brynley F., The Arthur of the Welsh, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 73–95, ISBN 978-0-7083-1107-3 .
- Roberts, Brynley F. (1991b), "Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia Regum Britanniae and Brut Y Brenhinedd", in Bromwich, Rachel; Jarman, A. O. H.; Roberts, Brynley F., The Arthur of the Welsh, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 98–116, ISBN 978-0-7083-1107-3 .
- Rosenberg, John D. (1973), The Fall of Camelot: A Study of Tennyson's 'Idylls of the King', Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-29175-1 .
- Simpson, Roger (1990), Camelot Regained: The Arthurian Revival and Tennyson, 1800–1849, Cambridge: Brewer, ISBN 978-0-85991-300-3 .
- Sims-Williams, Patrick (1991), "The Early Welsh Arthurian Poems", in Bromwich, Rachel; Jarman, A. O. H.; Roberts, Brynley F., The Arthur of the Welsh, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 33–71, ISBN 978-0-7083-1107-3 .
- Smith, C.; Thompson, R. H. (1996), "Twain, Mark", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, p. 478, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Staines, D. (1996), "Tennyson, Alfred Lord", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, pp. 446–449, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Stokstad, M. (1996), "Modena Archivolt", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, pp. 324–326, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Sweet, Rosemary (2004), Antiquaries: The Discovery of the Past in Eighteenth-century Britain, London: Continuum, ISBN 1-85285-309-3 .
- Taylor, Beverly; Brewer, Elisabeth (1983), The Return of King Arthur: British and American Arthurian Literature Since 1800, Cambridge: Brewer, ISBN 978-0-389-20278-3 .
- Thomas, Charles (1993), Book of Tintagel: Arthur and Archaeology, London: Batsford, ISBN 978-0-7134-6689-8 .
- Thompson, R. H. (1996), "English, Arthurian Literature in (Modern)", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, pp. 136–144, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Thorpe, Lewis, ed. (1966), Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of Britain, Harmondsworth: Penguin, OCLC 3370598 .
- Tondro, Jason (2002), "Camelot in Comics", in Sklar, Elizabeth Sherr; Hoffman, Donald L., King Arthur in Popular Culture, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, pp. 169–181, ISBN 978-0-7864-1257-0 .
- Twain, Mark (1889), A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, New York: Webster, OCLC 11267671 .
- Ulrich, von Zatzikhoven (2005), Lanzelet, New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-12869-8 . Trans. Thomas Kerth.
- Vinaver, Sir Eugène, ed. (1990), The Works of Sir Thomas Malory, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-812346-0 . Third, revised, ed.
- Watson, Derek (2002), "Wagner: Tristan und Isolde and Parsifal", in Barber, Richard, King Arthur in Music, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, pp. 23–34, ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-85991-767-3|978-0-85991-767-3]] .
- White, Terence Hanbury (1958), The Once and Future King, London: Collins, OCLC 547840 .
- Williams, Sir Ifor, ed. (1937) (in Welsh), Canu Aneirin, Caerdydd [Cardiff]: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru [University of Wales Press], OCLC 13163081 .
- Wordsworth, William (1835), "The Egyptian Maid, or, The Romance of the Water-Lily", The Camelot Project, The University of Rochester, http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/egypt.htm, retrieved 2008-05-22 .
- Workman, L. J. (1994), "Medievalism and Romanticism", Poetica (39–40): 1–44 .
- Wright, Neil, ed. (1985), The Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth, 1: Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS. 568, Cambridge: Brewer, ISBN 978-0-85991-211-2 .
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: King Arthur |
- "Arthurian Gwent", Blaenau Gwent Borough County Council, http://www.blaenau-gwent.gov.uk/8035.asp, retrieved 2008-05-22 . An excellent site detailing Welsh Arthurian folklore.
- Arthurian Resources: King Arthur, History and the Welsh Arthurian Legends, http://www.arthuriana.co.uk, retrieved 2008-05-22 . A detailed and comprehensive academic site, which includes numerous scholarly articles, from Thomas Green of Oxford University.
- Arthuriana, http://www.arthuriana.org/, retrieved 2008-05-22 . The only academic journal solely concerned with the Arthurian Legend; a good selection of resources and links.
- Celtic Literature Collective, http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/index_welsh.html, retrieved 2008-05-22 . Provides texts and translations (of varying quality) of Welsh medieval sources, many of which mention Arthur.
- "Faces of Arthur", Faces of Arthur, http://www.facesofarthur.org.uk/bibliograrth.htm, retrieved 2009-11-16 . An interesting collection of articles on King Arthur by various Arthurian enthusiasts.
- Ford, David Nash, "King Arthur, General of the Britons", Britannia History, http://www.britannia.com/history/arthur/kageneral.html, retrieved 2008-05-22 .
- The Camelot Project, The University of Rochester, http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm, retrieved 2008-05-22 . Provides valuable bibliographies and freely downloadable versions of Arthurian texts.
- The Heroic Age: A Journal of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe, The Heroic Age, ISSN 1526-1827, http://www.heroicage.org/, retrieved 2008-05-22 . An online peer-reviewed journal that includes regular Arthurian articles; see especially the first issue.
- "The Medieval Development of Arthurian Literature", h2g2, BBC, http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A533350, retrieved 2008-05-22
Texts on Wikisource:
- "Arthur (king)". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
- "Arthur (king)". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
- "Arthur". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
- Heroes Every Child Should Know: King Arthur
- "Arthur and Gorlagon", translated by Frank A. Milne, notes by Alfred Nutt. Folk-Lore. Volume 15, 1904.
| Preceded by Uther Pendragon |
Legendary British Kings | Succeeded by Constantine III |
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg){kind=link}
http://wn.com/King_Arthur
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Young Jeezy | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Young Jeezy in 2006 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Jay Wayne Jenkins |
| Also known as | Lil J |
| Born | (1977-10-12) October 12, 1977 (age 34) Columbia, South Carolina[1] |
| Origin | Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations | Rapper, songwriter |
| Years active | 2001–present |
| Labels | CTE World/Def Jam, Def Jam South |
| Associated acts | USDA, Akon |
| Website | http://youngjeezy.defjam.com |
Jay Wayne Jenkins (born October 12, 1977),[1] better known by his stage name Young Jeezy, is an American rapper. He is a member of the hip hop group United Streets Dopeboyz of America (USDA) and a former member of BMF (Black Mafia Family). He began his career in 2001 under an independent label and joined Boyz 'N Da Hood in 2005, the same year his solo major label debut Let's Get It: Thug Motivation 101 was released. Its single "Soul Survivor", which featured Akon, became a top-ten hit in the US.
The Inspiration followed in 2006, and The Recession followed in 2008; both albums yielded chart-topping singles. Jeezy has also appeared on numerous other rap and R&B singles such as "Say I" by Christina Milian, "I'm So Paid" by Akon, "Hard" by Rihanna, and "Love in This Club" by Usher, the latter being a number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 in 2008.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Jay Wayne Jenkins was born in Columbia, South Carolina[1] and relocated to Atlanta, Georgia when he was a toddler.[2][3] Because his parents were separated, custody of him transferred between family members frequently. In an interview with XXL magazine, he described his childhood as "empty". In 1994, he spent nine months in YCA (Youth Challenge Academy), a boot camp in Fort Stewart, Georgia, for narcotics possession.[4]
Music career[link]
Independent debut[link]
Jeezy released his first independent album, Thuggin' Under the Influence (T.U.I.), in 2001 under the name Lil J.[5] It featured artists such as Freddy J.,Kinky B, Fidank, and Lil Jon, who also produced some of the tracks. In 2003, Jeezy released (also independently) Come Shop wit Me, a two CD set featuring completely new tracks with some songs from T.U.I. Jeezy signed with Bad Boy Records in 2004 and joined the group Boyz n da Hood, whose self-titled album was released in June 2005 and peaked at #5 on the Billboard 200 albums charts.
[edit] Let's Get It: Thug Motivation 101 (2005)
In May 2004, Jazze Pha's manager Henry 'Noonie' Lee showed Young Jeezy's demo to his friend Shakir Stewart, Vice President Artist and Repertoire (VP A&R) at Def Jam.[6] Stewart "fell in love with it [the demo] the first time [he] heard it" and took it to L.A. Reid.[6] Reid recognised the talent and gave Stewart the green light to sign him.[6] As the "hottest thing on the street" at the time, various labels - including Warner and Interscope – were after his signature. However, Jeezy decided he wanted to be in business with Stewart and Reid. As a result, signed with Def Jam Records.[6]
Jeezy's major label debut, Let's Get It: Thug Motivation 101, was released on July 26, 2005. He debuted at #2, selling 172,000 copies in its first week.[7] It spawned several hit singles such as "Soul Survivor" featuring Akon. It reached #4 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #1 on the Hot Rap Tracks charts. "And Then What" featuring Mannie Fresh, which reached #67 on the Hot 100 and #13 on the Hot Rap Tracks. "My Hood", #19 on the Rap chart. In an interview with HitQuarters, A&R Shakir Stewart said that Jeezy had recorded over 60 songs for the album.[6]
Jeezy partially wrote and performed on Gucci Mane's song, "Icy". Supposedly, Jeezy was never paid properly for his services. Those in Gucci Mane's camp have suggested that gang members from the Mechanicsville area attacked Gucci Mane to defend Jeezy's honor.[8] Jeezy put out a track called "Stay Strapped" dissing Gucci Mane to the beat of "T.I.'s" song "A.S.A.P." Jeezy responded to Gucci Mane's, while rapping "even his own momma know, Radric Davis a bitch". In a recent Cutmaster C mixtape, The Hood News Page 3: Jay-Z Boycotts Cristal, Gucci disses Jeezy along with Jay Z in his track, "745". Jeezy addresses Gucci back on the same mixtape. While on the track "Break It Down", featuring Cmillz. On "Streets On Lock", from The Inspiration, Jeezy addressed Gucci Mane again, saying "What type of real nigga name himself after a bag?/Nigga you's a hoe, a Louis Vuitton fag". Towards the end of 2009, DJ Drama brought Young Jeezy to the radio station and called Gucci Mane to settle the beef once and for all. The two stopped feuding but throughout early 2010, the crews of Jeezy & Gucci (CTE & Brick Squad) have been in and out altercations with each other despite the fact Jeezy & Gucci have nothing to do with that. In 2011, Jeezy plans to release a new single featuring DJ Spluge and the rest of the Gangster Brigade.
In interviews and on several records, Jeezy has affirmed his resistance to commercialism in his music.[9] Maintaining his street credibility, according to Jeezy, is of the utmost concern to him as an artist.[4] In 2005, Jeezy was featured in several popular hip hop songs including Gucci Mane's "Icy"[10] and Boyz n da Hood's "Dem Boyz". Due to having a successful solo career, he left the group. From time to time he still keeps in contact with a few of the members, but in early 2010 Jeezy & Jody Breeze (who is still a member of Boyz N Da Hood) began to diss each other which started a new beef between the two.
[edit] The Inspiration, U.S.D.A. (2006–2007)
In 2006, he was featured in Christina Milian's single "Say I". Jeezy's second major label album was The Inspiration, released in 2006. The album's first single "I Luv It" peaked at #14 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Bury Me A G" and "Go Getta" featuring R. Kelly, and "Dreamin’" featuring Keyshia Cole followed.
He also portrayed himself in the hip-hop fighting themed game Def Jam: Icon. In 2007, Jeezy released Cold Summer, an album by rap group USDA which consists of Jeezy, Blood Raw, Slick Pulla, 2Eleven and Boo Rossini.[citation needed]
Jeezy presented a week-long toy drive and charity event series with his CTE family with the first annual Toyz n da Hood toy drive. The series presented 1,000 toys for 1,000 kids at various locations in Macon and Atlanta, which began on December 17, 2007, with the CTE Christmas Kickoff from 10 pm to 5 am at Club Miami. The toy giveaway took place in the Unionville neighborhood of Macon and at the Old Fourth Ward Community in Atlanta.[11]
[edit] The Recession (2008)
His third album, The Recession, was released in 2008. "Put On" featuring Kanye West was the lead single, which also led to a Grammy Nomination for Best Rap performance by a duo, but it came short. Put On was followed by "Vacation", "Crazy World", "My President" with Nas, and "Who Dat" to complete the Recession's singles. Jeezy appeared on the R&B singles "Love in This Club" by Usher and "I'm So Paid" by Akon (also with Lil Wayne). "Love in This Club" peaked at #1 on the Billboard Hot 100. Later, he performed on Ciara's single "Never Ever", from her album Fantasy Ride.[12]
In the summer of 2008, Jeezy was at the center of a controversy over his choice for president. While he had previously endorsed Barack Obama, he spoke about meeting and supporting John McCain during an interview with Vibe magazine. The statement caused a stir, and Jeezy quickly clarified his choice, via a viral video. In the four-minute explanation, Jeezy made it clear, Obama was his main choice. "I represent the Democratic party. ... I've never been nor do I ever plan to be a John McCain supporter", the rapper said. "I support Barack Obama."[13] Jeezy and Jay-Z performed in a concert to celebrate the inauguration of President Barack Obama on January 18, 2009.[14] On The O'Reilly Factor, commentator Bill O'Reilly criticized their performance as a "rant that offended people",[15] but Jeezy responded: "I got white friends. It's nothing like that. I'm a taxpayer, I got a right to voice my opinion at any point in time. I don't think he really understands my struggle."[16]
[edit] Thug Motivation 103: Hustlerz Ambition (2011-present)
Jeezy is working on Thug Motivation 103, his latest LP, as of November 2009.[17] In March 2010, it was reported that Young Jeezy dropped "Young" from his stage name.[18] Later, Young Jeezy denied the name change and claimed it was just a rumor:[19] however, on the cover for his single "Lose My Mind", his name is printed as "Jeezy". On May 17, 2011, Jeezy released the first single for Thug Motivation 103, "Ballin", which features Lil Wayne.
On March 4, 2010 Jeezy released the track "Illin", featuring the group Clipse; specifically Pusha T. On the track Pusha T raps, "No amount of record sales could derail this ...Stuffing dead prezzies in the wall like that Yale bitch..." The line was controversial and many felt the line was in bad taste and demeaned Yale student Annie Le, who was murdered in 2009, by making light of a crime that had grabbed a lot of media attention due to its extremely upsetting and tragic nature.[20] On July 22, 2011, Young Jeezy released the second single off TM103, "Shake Life". On July 26, 2011, Young Jeezy announced a September 20, 2011 release date for TM103.[21] However the album was pushed back yet again, this time to December 20, 2011.[22] On September 29, 2011, Young Jeezy released the third single off TM103, named "F.A.M.E. (Fake Ass Mothafu*kas Envy)",[23] featuring T.I. This is the first official song T.I. was featured on since his latest stint in prison.
Personal life[link]
He is a personal friend of fellow Atlanta rapper Yung Joc.[24] After Hurricane Katrina, Jeezy opened his house to the victims in an effort to help them have a place to stay. In October 2005, the mother of his 9 year old son used this as the basis to petition for child support. Early in the year, she had claimed that she had little income, no assets and did not even have a house.[25]
On March 11, 2005, Jeezy was arrested after an alleged shooting involving some of his friends in Miami Beach, Florida.[26] He was charged with two counts of carrying a concealed firearm without a permit; however, prosecutors dropped his charges two months later over lack of evidence.[27] In the early hours of September 29, 2007, Jeezy destroyed his Lamborghini when it was hit by a taxi crossing Peachtree Street, outside of Justin's, Sean Combs’s restaurant in Atlanta. The Atlanta Journal Constitution reported his claim that this gave him "a new appreciation for life".[28] In Atlanta on June 18, 2008, police arrested him for DUI.[29]
Discography[link]
Main article: Young Jeezy discography
Filmography[link]
Awards[link]
References[link]
External links[link]
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/Young_Jeezy
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Jeezy
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Kim Kardashian | |
|---|---|
 Kim Kardashian Fragrance Launch, Glendale, CA on February 22, 2011 |
|
| Born | Kimberly Noel Kardashian (1980-10-21) October 21, 1980 (age 31) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Ethnicity | Armenian, Dutch, Scottish |
| Occupation | Businesswoman, socialite, television personality, model, actress |
| Years active | 2007–present |
| Height | 5 ft 2.5 in (1.59 m) |
| Television | Keeping Up with the Kardashians Kourtney and Kim Take New York |
| Spouse |
Damon Thomas (m. 2000–2004) «start: (2000)–end+1: (2005)»"Marriage: Damon Thomas to Kim Kardashian" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Kim_Kardashian) |
| Parents | Robert Kardashian (father) Kris Jenner (mother) Bruce Jenner (stepfather) |
| Relatives | Kourtney Kardashian (sister) Khloé Kardashian (sister) Robert Kardashian Jr. (brother) Kylie Jenner (half-sister) Kendall Jenner (half-sister) |
| Website | |
| kimkardashian.celebuzz.com | |
Kimberly Noel "Kim" Kardashian[1] (born October 21, 1980[2]) is an American socialite, celebutante, television personality, model, actress and businesswoman. She is known for starring in Keeping Up with the Kardashians, the E! reality series that she shares with her family, and its spin-offs including Kourtney and Kim Take New York.[3]
Prior to the development of her career as a reality television star, Kardashian gained notoriety as the subject of a sex tape that subsequently resulted in a court awarding her $5 million. She has been involved in the production of several lines of clothing and fragrances. In 2010, she was the highest earning reality star, with estimated earnings of $6 million, and is one of the most highly documented and followed celebrities in the world in popular media.
In August 2011, Kardashian married basketball player Kris Humphries in a widely publicized ceremony. In October 2011, Kardashian filed for divorce, 72 days after the wedding.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life[link]
Kardashian was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of attorney Robert Kardashian and his wife Kris Kardashian (née Houghton). Her father was a third generation Armenian American, and her mother is of Dutch and Scottish descent.[4] Kardashian has two sisters, Kourtney and Khloé, and one brother, Robert. She has stepbrothers Burton Jenner, Brandon Jenner, and reality TV star Brody Jenner, step-sister Casey Jenner, and half-sisters Kendall Jenner and Kylie Jenner.[5] She attended Marymount High School.[6]
In 2000, Kardashian married music producer Damon Thomas; their relationship ended in divorce in 2004. Subsequently she dated R&B singer Ray J, NFL star Reggie Bush[7] and Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Miles Austin.[8] She also dated model Gabriel Aubry.[9]
2003–07: Controversy and reality television[link]
In February 2007, a home sex video that she made with singer Ray J in 2003[10] was leaked.[11] Vivid Entertainment bought the rights for $1 million and released the film as Kim Kardashian: Superstar on February 21.[11] Kardashian sued Vivid for ownership of the tape. In late April 2007, Kardashian dropped the suit and settled with Vivid Entertainment for $5 million.[12]
Kardashian was a friend of Paris Hilton, who introduced her to the socialite scene.[13] Her first acting role was in the television series Beyond the Break. In October 2007, along with her two sisters, mother, brother, half-sisters, and stepfather she starred in the E! television series, Keeping Up with the Kardashians. As of October 2011, the series has aired 69 episodes over six seasons.
2007–2010: Modeling and retail[link]
Kardashian co-owns a clothing boutique called D-A-S-H with her sisters Kourtney and Khloé.[14] In December 2007, Kardashian posed nude for Playboy.[15] In February 2008, Bongo Jeans announced that she would be their face model.[16] She has also modeled for Carl's Jr., Sugar Factory lollipops, and various other products.[17][18]
Kardashian starred in the 2008 disaster film spoof Disaster Movie as Lisa,[19] and appeared in the How I Met Your Mother episode "Benefits". She also appeared on the Season 3 premiere of the series 90210 with her sisters Khloé and Kourtney; they all played themselves.[20] Kardashian was a guest hostess of WrestleMania XXIV and appeared as a guest judge during Cycle 13 of America's Next Top Model.[21] On December 16, 2009, Kardashian made a guest star appearance on CBS's CSI: NY with Vanessa Minnillo.[22][19] In 2009 she had a cameo as club bouncer in the 2009 porn film spoof Deep in the Valley[19]
Kardashian was one of 13 participants on the seventh season of Dancing with the Stars.[23][19] She was partnered with Mark Ballas and was the third contestant voted off the show on September 30, 2008, finishing in 11th place overall.[24] Sanford Siegal, the creator of the Cookie Diet, sued Kardashian, claiming she defamed him on Twitter. According to Siegal, Kardashian tweeted in October 2009 that he was "falsely promoting" that she was on the cookie diet. Siegal filed a claim in a Florida state court claiming the statements are false and defamatory. He also alleges that Kardashian was on QuickTrim's payroll when she posted the tweet. Kardashian's tweet appears to stem from an article on CookieDiet.com, that named Kardashian as one of many celebrities who saw positive results on the diet. Kardashian sent a cease-and-desist order to Siegal, demanding the link be removed.[25]
Kardashian released her own fragrance product in 2010.[26] In March 2009, Kardashian launched an endorsement with ShoeDazzle shopping,[27] of which she is the co-founder and chief fashion stylist.[17] The following month on April 9, 2009, Kardashian released a workout DVD series, Fit In Your Jeans By Friday, with trainers Jennifer Galardi and Patrick Goudeau.[14][28] In September 2009, Fusion Beauty and Seven Bar Foundation launched "Kiss Away Poverty", with Kardashian as the face of the campaign. For every LipFusion lipgloss sold, $1 went to the Foundation to fund women entrepreneurs in the US.[29]
She has also been featured in numerous international editions of FHM, including the cover of the April 2010 Australian edition and the UK March 2011 edition.[30] Famous Cupcakes, a Los Angeles bakery, created a vanilla cupcake mix for Kardashian. The cupcake flavor is called Va-Va-Va-Nilla.[17] Kardashian has also created jewelry along with her sisters, Khloé and Kourtney. They produced a collection for Virgins, Saints, and Angels in 2010.[31]
Again with her sisters, Kardashian has released various clothing lines. One called K-Dash was to be sold on QVC in 2010,[32] and in the same year they produced a range for Bebe.[33][34][35] As of August 2011 they are creating another for Sears, called the Kardashian Kollection.[36] In addition, Kardashian and her sisters created a sunless tanner called Kardashian Glamour Tan in 2010.[37] On July 1, 2010, the New York City branch of Madame Tussauds revealed a wax figure of Kardashian.[38]
2010–present: Marriage and other ventures[link]
Kardashian is the producer of The Spin Crowd, a reality television show about Command PR, a New York City public relations firm, run by Jonathan Cheban and Simon Huck. The show follows them as they settle into their new offices in Los Angeles. Kardashian is friends with both, specifically Cheban, and frequently appears on her reality shows. She also appeared at the 2010 MTV VMAs on September 12, 2010.[39] She also appeared in and was the subject and judge of a task on the ninth episode of Season 10 of The Apprentice in 2010; the two teams had to create an in-store display for her new perfume line, to be sold at Perfumania.[40][41] Kim, Kourtney, and Khloé wrote an autobiography entitled Kardashian Konfidential, which was released in stores on November 23, 2010.[42]
In April 2010, Kardashian sparked controversy over the way she held a cat for a photograph.[43] The same year, animal rights organization PETA criticized Kardashian for repeatedly wearing fur coats, and named her as one of the five worst people or organizations of 2010 when it came to animal welfare.[44] In June 2010, The Guardian commented on her ability to attract payments of up to US$10,000 from sponsors for each tweet that she broadcasts.[45]
In December 2010, Kardashian filmed a music video for a song titled "Jam (Turn It Up)". The video was directed by Hype Williams; Kanye West makes a cameo in the video.[46] Kardashian premiered the song during a New Year's Eve party at TAO Las Vegas on December 31, 2010.[47] The song was produced by The-Dream and Tricky Stewart. When asked if an album is in the works, Kardashian replied: "There's no album in the works or anything – just one song we did for Kourtney and Kim Take New York, and a video Hype Williams directed, half of the proceeds we're giving away to a cancer foundation, because The-Dream's and one of my parents passed away from cancer. It's just all having fun – with a good cause".[48] Jim Farber, writing for the Daily News, called the song a "dead-brained piece of generic dance music, without a single distinguishing feature," and suggested that the single made Kardashian the "worst singer in the reality TV universe."[49]
Kardashian's 2010 earnings were the highest among Hollywood-based reality stars, being estimated at $6 million.[50]
Kardashian has supported the recognition of the Armenian Genocide on numerous occasions and has encouraged Barack Obama and the United States government to consider its acknowledgement. On April 21, 2011, a few days before the 96th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, she wrote about the issue on her blog in an effort to put it under spotlight and also sent a tweet to her fans urging its recognition.[51]
Kardashian began dating NBA player Kris Humphries of the New Jersey Nets in October 2010. They became engaged in May 2011,[52] and married on August 20, 2011 in Montecito, California.[53] A two-part TV special showing the preparations and the wedding itself aired on E! in early October 2011, amidst what the Washington Post called a "media blitz" related to the wedding.[54] After 72 days of marriage, Kardashian filed for divorce from Humphries on October 31, 2011, citing irreconcilable differences.[55] After filing for the divorce, Kardashian asked the court to order Humphries to pay his own legal expenses.[56] On December 1, 2011, Humphries filed his response to Kardashian's petition, requesting an annulment on the grounds of fraud or if the court will not grant an annulment, a decree of legal separation rather than Kardashian's requested divorce.[57]
Several news outlets have surmised that Kardashian's marriage to Humphries was merely a publicity stunt to promote the Kardashian family's brand and their subsequent television ventures.[58] Her former publicist has also claimed that her short-lived wedding was indeed staged and a ploy to generate money. Kardashian has since filed suit against him, saying his claims were untrue.[59] A widely circulated petition asking to remove all Kardashian related programing off the air has been followed since their split.[60] In March 2012, Kardashian and her sisters Kourtney and Khloe were named in a $5 million class action lawsuit against QuickTrim, the weight loss supplement they endorse.[61]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007–present | Keeping Up with the Kardashians | Herself | Reality show |
| 2008 | Dancing with the Stars | Herself | |
| 2008 | Disaster Movie | Lisa Taylor[62] | |
| 2009 | CSI: NY | Debbie Fallon | Season 6, 1 episode |
| 2009–2010 | Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami | Herself | Guest star, 5 episodes |
| 2009 | America's Next Top Model | Herself | Cycle 13, 1 episode |
| 2009 | Deep in the Valley | Summa Eve | |
| 2009 | How I Met Your Mother | Herself | Season 4, 1 episode |
| 2009 | Beyond the Break | Elle | Season 3, 4 episodes |
| 2010 | 90210 | Herself | Season 3, 1 episode |
| 2011 | Khloé & Lamar | Herself | Guest star, 3 episodes |
| 2011–present | Kourtney and Kim Take New York | Herself | Reality show |
| 2011 | America's Next Top Model | Herself | Cycle 17, 1 episode |
| 2012 | Drop Dead Diva | Nikki | Season 4, 1 episode |
| 2012 | Last Man Standing | Herself | Season 1, 1 episode |
| 2012 | The Marriage Counselor | Ava[63] | |
| 2012 | 30 Rock | Herself | Cameo appearance in live episode |
| 2012 | Alan Carr: Chatty Man | Herself | Season 8, episode 4 |
References[link]
 |
This article uses bare URLs for citations. Please consider adding full citations so that the article remains verifiable. Several templates and the Reflinks tool are available to assist in formatting. (Reflinks documentation) (March 2012) |
- ^ http://www.actressarchives.com/celebrities/kim-kardashian |
- ^ "Kim Kardashian Biography". People.com. undated. http://search.people.com/results.html?Ntt=kim%20kardashian&searchSubmit.y=0&bu=&searchSubmit.x=0l. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian With Sister Kourtney, Takes Reality Show To New York". Usanewsweek.com. October 5, 2010. http://www.usanewsweek.com/news/Kim-Kardashian-With-Sister-Kourtney--Takes-Reality-Show-To-New-York-1286307938/. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ "Monuments and momentous times in Monte Carlo – Kim Kardashian videos, photos and blog: Official website". Kimkardashian.celebuzz.com. June 11, 2008. http://kimkardashian.celebuzz.com/2008/06/11/monuments_and_momentous_times/. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ Buckman, Adam (October 4, 2007). "Caught on Tape: Kim Kardashian Goes Home With Her Family". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/10142007/tv/caught_on_tape.htm. Retrieved February 22, 2008.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian Biography". New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/person/1457148/Kim-Kardashian/biography. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "The Saint and The Sinner". GQ Magazine. March 2009. http://www.gq.com/women/photos/200903/new-orleans-reggie-bush-running-back-kim-kardashian. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Kim Kardashian (August 11, 2010). "Kim Kardashian: I'm "Definitely Dating" Miles Austin". E! Online. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/hwood_party_girl/b194764_kim_kardashian_im_definitely_dating.html. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
- ^ Garcia, Jennifer (December 7, 2010). "Kim Kardashian and Gabriel Aubry Split – Breakups, Gabriel Aubry, Kim Kardashian". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20447708,00.html. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ S Hirsch (2007). ""Kim Kardashian Superstar Featuring Ray J" 18 U.S.C. 2257 Compliance Records". Vivid Entertainment LLC. – 18 U.S.C. 2257 Compliance Records.
- ^ a b Vivid Entertainment (February 7, 2007). "Vivid Entertainment Spends $1-Million To Acquire Notorious Video 'Starring' Sexy Socialite Kim Kardashian And Hip Hop Star Ray J". Hip Hop Press. http://www.hiphoppress.com/2007/02/vivid_entertain.html. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
- ^ Johnson, Richard (May 1, 2007). "Happy Ending". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/05012007/gossip/pagesix/happy_ending_pagesix_.htm. Retrieved February 26, 2008.
- ^ Kim Kardashian and Paris Hilton End Their Feud – UsMagazine.com
- ^ a b Saini, Mia (July 1, 2010). "Kim Kardashian Powering To The Top". Forbes. http://blogs.forbes.com/face-to-face/2010/07/01/kim-kardashian-powering-to-the-top/. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian Playboy – Kim Kardashian Nude – Pics and Videos of the Sex Tape Celebrity". Playboy.com. January 27, 2009. http://www.playboy.com/girls/celebrities/features/magazine/kim-kardashian/kim-kardashian.html. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
- ^ "kim kardashian, model, bongo, bongo jeans, picture, photo". News.lalate.com. February 13, 2008. http://news.lalate.com/2008/02/13/kim-kardashian-bongo-jeans-picture-kim-kardashian-model-ad-campaign-bongo/. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
- ^ a b c "All the Rage: Kardashian Endorsements Seem to Have Va-Va-Vroom". Los Angeles Times. February 26, 2010. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/alltherage/2010/02/kim-kardashian-and-products-endorsements-perfume-nascar-cupcakes-candles-and-more.html. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Goudreau, Jenna (April 13, 2010). "Reality TV Stars Turned Entrepreneurs". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2010/04/13/reality-tv-celebrity-fame-forbes-woman-entrepreneurs-business.html. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Kim Kardashian gościnnie w serialu". dziennik.pl. January 4, 2010. http://kultura.dziennik.pl/telewizja-i-seriale/artykuly/373814,kim-kardashian-goscinnie-w-serialu.html. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
- ^ "Kardashian Sisters Land 90210 Cameo". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/90210-Kardashian-Sisters-1020039.aspx.
- ^ Gina DiNunno (August 4, 2009). "Lauren Conrad and Kim Kardashian to Guest Judge Top Model". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Lauren-Conrad-Kim-1008663.aspx. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
- ^ Kate Stanhope. "Kim Kardashian and Vanessa Minnillo to Appear on CSI:NY". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Kardashian-Minnillo-CSI-1011580.aspx.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian Biography". People. http://www.people.com/people/kim_kardashian/biography/0,,20185121_10,00.html. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian gets voted off 'Dancing'". abclocal.go.com. September 30, 2008. http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/entertainment&id=6424586. Retrieved October 12, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Gina DiNunno. "Kim Kardashian Sued by Cookie Diet Doc Over a Tweet". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Kim-Kardashian-Sued-1013430.aspx.
- ^ Crawford, Trish (April 28, 2010). "Kardashian Fame and Fragrance". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/living/article/801349--kardashian-fame-and-fragrance. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Kick It With Kim's New Shoe Shopping Service People, March 20, 2009
- ^ "Sweatin' with Kim Kardashian". Allure Magazine. April 14, 2009. http://www.allure.com/beauty/blogs/reporter/2009/04/sweatin-with-kim-kardashian.html. Retrieved August 30, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Fusion Beauty". Seven Bar Foundation. http://www.sevenbarfoundation.org/media/fusion-beauty/. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian in FHM". FHM.com. http://www.fhm.com/girls/covergirls/kim-kardashian. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
- ^ Moore, Booth; Critic, Fashion (May 2, 2010). "Celebrities and Jewelry: Learning Their Lines". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/may/02/image/la-ig-celebjewels-20100502. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "The Kardashians Collaborated With Janie Bryant on a Clothing Line". New York Magazine. August 27, 2010. http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2010/08/the_kardashians_collaborated_w.html. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Dziemianowicz, Joe (October 21, 2009). "Kardashian Sisters Team Up with Bebe to Create Clothing Line". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2009/10/17/2009-10-17_kardashian_clothing_line_soon_to_be_a_reality.html. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "Kardashian Sisters Get Stylish and Sexy with Bebe". The Houston Chronicle. May 13, 2010. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/life/style/7002405.html. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "Kardashians Show Off Legs in Bebe Collaboration". Palm Beach Post. February 16, 2010. http://www.pbpulse.com/tv/reality-tv/2010/02/16/kardashians-show-off-legs-in-bebe-collaboration/#more-43666. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Spencer, Lara. "Inside the Kardashian Empire: Kim, Khloe and Kourtney Talk Life, Career, Love". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/kardashian-empire-kim-khloe-kourtney-talk-life-career/story?id=14251638. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ^ Quenqua, Douglas (June 2, 2010). "‘Jersey Shore,’ Without the Sun". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/03/fashion/03skin.html?scp=14&sq=kim%20kardashian&st=cse. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Klopsis, Nick (2010=07-02). "Seeing double! Kim Kardashian Unveils Wax Statue Lookalike at Madam Tussauds in Times Square". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2010/07/02/2010-07-02_kim_kardashian_unveils_wax_statue_lookalike_at_madam_tussauds_in_times_square.html. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian". TVGuide.com. September 9, 2010. http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/kim-kardashian/292941.
- ^ "MovieWeb: "The Apprentice (2004–present): In-Store Display Challenge: Kim Kardashian Visits Octane"". MovieWeb.com. November 12, 2010. http://www.movieweb.com/tv/TEzLMEr1MQqEDE/kim-kardashian-visits-octane.
- ^ "The Apprentice, Kim Kardashian's Perfume Brings Out Best and Worst". Gather.com. November 12, 2010. http://entertainment.gather.com/viewArticle.action?articleId=281474978687994.
- ^ "Keeping Up With Kim, Kourtney and Khloé: The Kardashian Sisters Are Writing a Book!". Glamour Magazine. June 18, 2010. http://www.glamour.com/sex-love-life/blogs/smitten/2010/06/keeping-up-with-kim-kourtney-a.html. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian Sparks Controversy Over Cat Photo". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/04/20/entertainment/main6414472.shtml.
- ^ "PETA Has Bone To Pick With Kim Kardashian". Popcrunch. November 17, 2010. http://www.popcrunch.com/peta-has-bone-to-pick-with-kim-kardashian/. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
- ^ "Repair the finances". The Guardian (London): p. 2 (G2 section). June 6, 2011.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian Locks Down Kanye for Music Video". TMZ.com. December 29, 2010. http://www.tmz.com/2010/12/29/kim-kardashian-music-video-with-kanye-west-hype-williams-the-dream-shoot/?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian Debuts The-Dream-Penned Single in Vegas". Rap-Up.com. http://www.rap-up.com/2011/01/02/kim-kardashian-debuts-the-dream-penned-single-in-vegas/. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ "Latest Music News, Band, Artist, Musician & Music Video News". Billboard. February 7, 2011. http://www.billboard.com/news#/news/kim-kardashian-there-s-no-album-in-the-works-1004139735.story. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ Farber, Jim (March 2, 2011). "Kim Kardashian song 'Jam (Turn It Up)' makes her the worst singer in the reality TV universe". Daily News (New York). http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-03-02/entertainment/28666720_1_kim-kardashian-jam-reality. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
- ^ Dorian, John. "Kim Kardashian top-earning reality star for year 2010". International Business Times AU, December 7, 2010.
- ^ "‘Time to Recognize the Armenian Genocide,’ Says Kim Kardashian". Asbarez. April 21, 2011. http://asbarez.com/95342/kim-kardashian-blogs-tweets-about-obama-protest-%E2%80%98national-day-of-prayer%E2%80%99/. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (October 31, 2011). "Kim Kardashian And Kris Humphries: A Timeline". http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1673479/kim-kardashian-kris-humphries-timeline.jhtml?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+MTVNewsLatest+%28MTV+News+Latest+Headlines%29. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
- ^ Garcia, Jennifer (August 20, 2011). "Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries Are Married!". http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20521390,00.html. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
- ^ Hughes, Sarah Anne (October 7, 2011). "Kim Kardashian wedding special to air this Sunday: Will you watch?". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/kim-kardashian-wedding-special-to-air-this-sunday-will-you-watch-video/2011/10/07/gIQATLFQTL_blog.html. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian to file for divorce from Kris Humphries". TMZ.com. http://www.tmz.com/2011/10/31/kim-kardashian-divorce-kris-humphries-files/.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian Divorcing Kris Humphries and Doesn’t Want to Pay His Attorney Fees". http://www.louislsternberglaw.com/wordpress/2011/10/31/kim-kardashian-divorcing-kris-humphries-pay-counsel-fees/. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ "Kris Humphries' Annulment Filing: Read It Here Now!". E Online. December 1, 2011. http://ca.eonline.com/news/kris_humphries_annulment_filing_read_it/277969. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
- ^ "Was Kardashian marriage a sham?". Chicago Tribune. November 1, 2011. http://www.chicagotribune.com/video/breaking/chi-video-was-kim-kardashian-marriage-divorce-a-sham-20111101,0,7143953.htmlstory. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
- ^ Marcus, Stephanie (November 14, 2011). "Kim Kardashian Suing Ex-Publicist Jonathan Jaxson". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/14/kim-kardashian-suing-ex-publicist-jonathan-jaxson_n_1092652.html.
- ^ http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2011/11/thousands-sign-no-more-kardashian-petition/
- ^ http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2012/03/kardashian-sisters-sued-over-endorsement-of-weight-loss-product/
- ^ "Rotten Tomatoes page on Disaster Movie". IGN Entertainment. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/disaster_movie/. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
- ^ Fleming, Mike (October 21, 2011). "Kim Kardashian To Co-Star In Tyler Perry's 'The Marriage Counselor'". Deadline.com. PMC. Archived from the original on October 22, 2011. http://www.deadline.com/2011/10/kim-kardashian-to-co-star-in-tyler-perrys-the-marriage-counselor/. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kim Kardashian |
- Official website
- Kim Kardashian at the Internet Movie Database
- Kardashians join forces with Australian designer at Mediasearch
|
||||||||
|
|
|||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Kardashian, Kim |
| Alternative names | Kardashian, Kimberly Noel |
| Short description | Entrepreneur, model, actress |
| Date of birth | October 21, 1980 |
| Place of birth | Los Angeles, California |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Kim_Kardashian
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Kardashian
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Menu
Playlist
Film Summary
More Videos
close all
open all
