Angelis was a British classical singing group created by Simon Cowell. It was initially formed in early 2006 and was made up of six children, who were then aged between 11 and 14. The children were discovered during nationwide auditions led by Ron Corp and from recommendations and contacts with some UK choirs, including the Royal Scottish National Orchestra and New London Children's Choir.

Their eponymous debut album was released on 6 November 2006. It sold over 350,000 copies and reached platinum status. The group members received a platinum disc on GMTV.^[1] In early 2007 Simon Cowell fired the six children partly as a result of complications with a planned overseas tour. He now plans to relaunch Angelis in late 2008 using the London Capital Arts Children's Choir.

Camilla Seale goes to North London Collegiate School for Girls in Edgware, London. Moray West, the only Scottish member of the group goes to Mearns Castle High School in Glasgow. Sam Adams-Nye goes to Bristol Cathedral School in Bristol. Joe Martin goes to Kirkham Grammar School.

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b} Townsend, Ian (2006-12-25). "Singer Amy 'goes platinum' on TV". Bishop's Stortford Citizen. Archived from the original on 2007-03-19. http://web.archive.org/web/20070319165848/http://www.bishopsstortfordcitizen.co.uk/mostpopular.var.1088975.0.singer_amy_goes_platinum_on_tv.php. Retrieved 2007-01-02. 
2. ^ http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=10863

External links[link]

• Angelis
• Official website
• Angelis at Allmusic

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2010)

Elio de Angelis

File:Elio de Angelis.jpg
Born	(1958-03-26)26 March 1958
Died	15 May 1986(1986-05-15) (aged 28)
Formula One World Championship career
Nationality	Italian
Active years	1979 – 1986
Teams	Shadow, Lotus, Brabham
Races	109 (108 starts)
Championships	0
Wins	2
Podiums	9
Career points	122
Pole positions	3
Fastest laps	0
First race	1979 Argentine Grand Prix
First win	1982 Austrian Grand Prix
Last win	1985 San Marino Grand Prix
Last race	1986 Monaco Grand Prix
British Formula One Series career
Active years	1978
Races	1
Championships	0
Wins	0
Podium finishes	1
Career points	12
Pole positions	0
Fastest laps	0

Elio de Angelis (26 March 1958 – 15 May 1986) was an Italian racing driver who participated in Formula One between 1979 and 1986, racing for the Shadow, Lotus and Brabham teams. He was killed during testing at the Paul Ricard circuit at Le Castellet in 1986. Elio de Angelis was a competitive and highly popular presence during the Formula One circus of the 1980s, and is sometimes referred to as Formula One's "last gentleman player".^[1]

Career[link]

De Angelis was born in Rome. His father Giulio was a notable inshore and offshore motorboat racer.^{[citation needed]}

De Angelis driving for Lotus at the 1981 British Grand Prix.

After a brief spell with karts, he went on to win the Italian Formula Three Championship in 1977. In 1978 he raced in Formula 2 for Minardi and then for the ICI British F2 Team, he also competed in one round of the British Formula One championship and won the prestious Monaco F3 race.

His debut F1 season was in 1979 with Shadow. He finished 7th in his maiden Grand Prix in Argentina and closed 15th in the championship with 3 points. In 1980 he switched to Lotus and - at the age of 21 - nearly became the youngest Grand Prix winner of all time when he finished a tantalising second at the 1980 Brazilian Grand Prix at Interlagos. His first victory came in the 1982 Austrian Grand Prix at the Osterreichring, only 0.05 seconds ahead of Keke Rosberg. The win was the last hailed by Colin Chapman's famous act of throwing his cloth cap into the air. Chapman died in December that year and Peter Warr became the new Lotus team manager.

In 1983 Lotus switched from Cosworth to Renault turbo engines but it was a disappointing season. De Angelis' best result was a fifth place in the 1983 Italian Grand Prix. In 1984 De Angelis had a much better season, scoring a total of 34 points and finishing third in the standings with three podiums. His best result was a second place at the Detroit Grand Prix.

In 1985, De Angelis was joined by Ayrton Senna. De Angelis' second win came in the third race of the season, at the 1985 San Marino Grand Prix. He also took two other podiums in his first four races. He finished fifth in the championship, with 33 points, five points behind his team mate. However, de Angelis left Lotus at the end of the season when it became clear the team's efforts were being focused on Senna. De Angelis' drive for 1986 was with Brabham, as a replacement for twice World Champion Nelson Piquet, with Riccardo Patrese as team-mate.

De Angelis driving for Team Lotus at the 1985 German Grand Prix

The 1986 Brabham-BMW, the BT55, was a radically designed car with a very low cross section. However, it was not effective and could not arrest Brabham's swift decline. It quickly became clear that 1986 would not be the year the team recaptured its form of the early 1980s. Nevertheless, de Angelis pushed his hardest to help develop the car.

Death and legacy[link]

During tests at the Paul Ricard circuit in France, the rear wing of his BT55 detached at high speed ^[2] resulting in the car losing downforce on the rear wheels, which instigated a cartwheel over a sidetrack barrier and causing the car to catch fire. The impact itself did not kill de Angelis but he was unable to extract himself from the car unassisted. The situation was exacerbated by the lack of track marshals on the circuit who could have provided him with emergency assistance. A 30 minute delay ensued before a helicopter arrived and De Angelis died 29 hours later, at the hospital in Marseille where he had been taken, from smoke inhalation. His actual crash impact injuries were only a broken collar bone and light burns on his back. The tragic circumstances of his death caused radical changes to be introduced by then President Jean-Marie Balestre in the months following his accident which ultimately heralded the end of the turbo powered era in Formula One racing.

De Angelis' place in the Brabham team was subsequently taken by Derek Warwick.

De Angelis was the last driver to die in an F1 car until Roland Ratzenberger at Imola eight years later. The French-Sicilian driver Jean Alesi - who broke into the sport three years after de Angelis died - wore a helmet that exactly matched de Angelis' design, in tribute to his semi-compatriot.

De Angelis was also a concert-standard pianist.

Formula One World Championship results[link]

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

• ‡ Race was stopped with less than 75% of laps completed, half points awarded.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Elio de Angelis at Motorsport Memorial

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2011)

Richard Clayderman
Background information
Birth name	Philippe Pagès
Born	(1953-12-28) 28 December 1953 (age 58)
Origin	Paris, France
Genres	Instrumental pop Classical Easy listening Semi-classical
Occupations	Pianist
Instruments	Piano
Years active	1976–present
Labels	Delphine

Richard Clayderman (born Philippe Pagès, 28 December 1953, Paris, France) is a French pianist who has released numerous albums including the compositions of Paul de Senneville and Olivier Toussaint, instrumental renditions of popular music, rearrangements of movie soundtracks, ethnic music, and easy-listening arrangements of most popular works of classical music.

Early life[link]

Clayderman learned piano from his father, a piano teacher.

At the age of twelve, he was accepted into the Conservatoire de Paris, where he won great acclaim in his later adolescent years. Financial difficulties, not the least precipitated by his father's illness, forestalled a promising career as a classical pianist. So in order to earn a living, he found work as a bank clerk and as an accompanist to contemporary bands. He accompanied French singers such as Johnny Hallyday, Thierry Le Luron, and Michel Sardou.

Ballade pour Adeline[link]

In 1976, he was invited by Olivier Toussaint, a French record producer, and his partner Paul de Senneville, to record a gentle piano ballad. de Senneville had composed this ballad as a tribute to his new daughter "Adeline". The 23-year-old Pagès was auditioned along with 20 other pianists and got the job. "He was an interesting musician with a soft touch and good technique", said Toussaint. "And he looked good, too".^[1]

Pagès' name was changed to Richard Clayderman (he adopted his great-grandmother's last name to avoid mispronunciation of his real name outside France), and the single took off, selling 22 million copies in 38 countries.^{[citation needed]} It was called "Ballade pour Adeline".

Success[link]

Clayderman has recorded over 1,300 melodies, and has created a new romantic style through a repertoire which combines his trademark originals with classics and pop standards. He has devoted much of his time to performing concerts, going as far as playing 200 shows in 250 days.^{[citation needed]} He has clocked up worldwide record sales of approximately 70 million, as of 2006^[update], and has 267 gold and 70 platinum discs to his credit. He is popular in Asia and is noted by the Guinness Book of World Records as being "the most successful pianist in the world".^[2]

He lives in Saint-Ouen (near Paris) with his wife Christine, his son Peter, and his daughter Maud.

Discography[link]

This section may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please help by adding relevant internal links, or by improving the article's layout. (May 2011) Click [show] on right for more details. No reason has been cited for the Wikify tag on this article.You can insert a reason using the |reason= parameter, like this: {{Wikify|reason=Your reason here}} Please replace HTML markup with wiki markup where appropriate. Add wikilinks. Where appropriate, make links to other articles by putting "[[" and "]]" on either side of relevant words (see WP:LINK for more information) and check that your links work as expected. Please do not link terms that most readers are familiar with, such as common occupations, well-known geographical terms, and everyday items. Format the lead. Create or improve the lead paragraph. Arrange section headers as described at Wikipedia:Guide to layout. Add an infobox if it is appropriate for the article. Clean up / format the references and footnotes, using citation templates when appropriate. Remove this tag.

See also[link]

• List of best selling music artists

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• His biography
• Play Album of Richard Clayderman
• Richard Clayderman

Nicolas de Angelis is a French guitarist.

Early years[link]

Born in Saint-Cloud, a west Parisian suburb along the shores of the Seine River, de Angelis studied guitar at the Paris Academy from the age of ten. De Angelis started the guitar with a teacher from the Paris Academy who first inspired his great love of the instrument.

At sixteen he belonged to a small group of very talented French musicians, among them Michel Berger. From the age of eighteen, he lent his talent to many pop starts such as Julien Clerc, Sylvie Vartan and Fabienne Thibault, and soon became one of the most requested session musicians.

Song for Anna[link]

In 1981 he recorded his first solo LP, Quelques Notes Pour Anna. This album achieved Gold record sales within a few weeks,and paved the way for his further successes.

Discography[link]

• 1981 Quelques notes pour Anna
• 1985 Grand Concert
• 1985 Guitar Guitar
• 1985 Jalouse (Toute la guitar)
• 1985 Les Sonates
• 1986 L'amour à plein coeur
• 1986 Romantic Rendez-vous
• 1987 Soleil
• 1996 Love follow us
• 1997 Love follow us 2
• 1998 Friends France
• 1998 Le Meilleur de la guitare

See also[link]

• List of guitarists
• Delphine Records

References[link]

• http://www.delphine-artists.co.uk/nicolas_de_angelis.htm
• http://www.midomi.com/index.php?action=main.artist_bio&name=NicolasdeAngelis&from=artist_overview

External links[link]

• Nicolas de Angelis homepage

Hieronymus Bosch
Attributed to Jacques Le Boucq, Portrait of Hieronymus Bosch. c. 1550
Birth name	Jheronimus van Aken
Born	c. 1450 's-Hertogenbosch, Duchy of Brabant (Netherlands)
Died	Buried on 9 August 1516(1516-08-09)
Nationality	Dutch
Field	Painting
Movement	Early Netherlandish Renaissance
Works	The Garden of Earthly Delights The Temptation of St. Anthony

For the author and poet Hieronymus de Bosch, see Hieronymus de Bosch. For the fictional character, see Harry Bosch. For the New Zealand band, see Hieronymus Bosch (band).

Hieronymus Bosch (/ˌhaɪ.əˈrɒnɨməs ˈbɒʃ/; Dutch: [ɦijeːˈɾoːnimʏs ˈbɔs]; born Jheronimus van Aken Dutch pronunciation: [jeɪˈɾoːnimʏs vɑn ˈaːkə(n)];^[1] (c. 1450 – 9 August 1516), was a Dutch painter. His work is known for its use of fantastic imagery to illustrate moral and religious concepts and narratives.^[2]

Life[link]

Signature from the Hermit Saints Triptych

Hieronymus Bosch was born Jheronimus (or Joen,^[3] respectively the Latin and Middle Dutch form of the name "Jerome") van Aken (meaning "from Aachen"). He signed a number of his paintings as Jheronimus Bosch (pronounced Jeronimus Bos in Middle Dutch).^[4] The name derives from his birthplace, 's-Hertogenbosch, which is commonly called "Den Bosch".

Little is known of Bosch’s life or training. He left behind no letters or diaries, and what has been identified has been taken from brief references to him in the municipal records of 's-Hertogenbosch, and in the account books of the local order of the Brotherhood of Our Lady. Nothing is known of his personality or his thoughts on the meaning of his art. Bosch’s date of birth has not been determined with certainty. It is estimated at c. 1450 on the basis of a hand drawn portrait (which may be a self-portrait) made shortly before his death in 1516. The drawing shows the artist at an advanced age, probably in his late sixties.^[5]

First known entry of Bosch’ name in the municipal record, 5 April 1474

Bosch was born and lived all his life in and near ‘s-Hertogenbosch, a city in the Duchy of Brabant. His grandfather, Jan van Aken (died 1454), was a painter and is first mentioned in the records in 1430. It is known that Jan had five sons, four of whom were also painters. Bosch’s father, Anthonius van Aken (died c. 1478) acted as artistic adviser to the Brotherhood of Our Lady.^[6] It is generally assumed that either Bosch’s father or one of his uncles taught the artist to paint, but none of their works survive.^[7] Bosch first appears in the municipal record in 1474, when he is named along with two brothers and a sister.

's-Hertogenbosch was a flourishing city in fifteenth century Brabant, in the south of the present-day Netherlands, at the time part of the Burgundian Netherlands, and during his lifetime passing through marriage to the Habsburgs. In 1463, 4,000 houses in the town were destroyed by a catastrophic fire, which the then (approximately) 13-year-old Bosch presumably witnessed. He became a popular painter in his lifetime and often received commissions from abroad. In 1488 he joined the highly respected Brotherhood of Our Lady, an arch-conservative religious group of some 40 influential citizens of 's-Hertogenbosch, and 7,000 'outer-members' from around Europe.

Sometime between 1479 and 1481, Bosch married Aleyt Goyaerts van den Meerveen, who was a few years older than the artist. The couple moved to the nearby town of Oirschot, where his wife had inherited a house and land from her wealthy family.^[8]

An entry in the accounts of the Brotherhood of Our Lady records Bosch’s death in 1516. A funeral mass served in his memory was held in the church of Saint John on 9 August of that year.^[9]

Art[link]

The Garden of Earthly Delights, Bosch's most widely known triptych, El Prado Museum

Bosch produced several triptychs. Among his most famous is The Garden of Earthly Delights. This painting, for which the original title has not survived, depicts paradise with Adam and Eve and many wondrous animals on the left panel, the earthly delights with numerous nude figures and tremendous fruit and birds on the middle panel, and hell with depictions of fantastic punishments of the various types of sinners on the right panel. When the exterior panels are closed the viewer can see, painted in grisaille, God creating the Earth. These paintings—especially the Hell panel—are painted in a comparatively sketchy manner which contrasts with the traditional Flemish style of paintings, where the smooth surface—achieved by the application of multiple transparent glazes—conceals the brushwork. In this painting, and more powerfully in works such as his Temptation of St. Anthony (Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon), Bosch draws with his brush. Not surprisingly, Bosch is also one of the most revolutionary draftsmen in the history of art, producing some of the first autonomous sketches in Northern Europe.

Bosch never dated his paintings. But—unusual for the time—he seems to have signed several of them, although other signatures purporting to be his are certainly not. Fewer than 25 paintings remain today that can be attributed to him. In the late sixteenth-century, Philip II of Spain acquired many of Bosch's paintings, including some probably commissioned and collected by Spaniards active in Bosch's hometown; as a result, the Prado Museum in Madrid now owns The Adoration of the Magi, The Garden of Earthly Delights, the tabletop painting of The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things, the The Haywain Triptych and The Stone Operation.

Interpretations[link]

In the twentieth century, when changing artistic tastes made artists like Bosch more palatable to the European imagination, it was sometimes argued that Bosch’s art was inspired by heretical points of view (e.g., the ideas of the Cathars and putative Adamites) as well as of obscure hermetic practices. Again, since Erasmus had been educated at one of the houses of the Brethren of the Common Life in 's-Hertogenbosch, and the town was religiously progressive, some writers have found it unsurprising that strong parallels exist between the caustic writing of Erasmus and the often savage painting of Bosch. "Although the Brethren remained loyal to the Pope, they still saw it as their duty to denounce the abuses and scandalous behaviour of many priests: the corruption which both Erasmus and Bosch satirised in their work".^[10]

The Owl’s Nest. Pen and bistre on paper. 140 × 196 mm. Rotterdam, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen

Others, following a strain of Bosch-interpretation datable already to the sixteenth-century, continued to think his work was created merely to titillate and amuse, much like the "grotteschi" of the Italian Renaissance. While the art of the older masters was based in the physical world of everyday experience, Bosch confronts his viewer with, in the words of the art historian Walter Gibson, "a world of dreams [and] nightmares in which forms seem to flicker and change before our eyes." In one of the first known accounts of Bosch’s paintings, in 1560 the Spaniard Felipe de Guevara wrote that Bosch was regarded merely as "the inventor of monsters and chimeras". In the early seventeenth century, the Dutch art historian Karel van Mander described Bosch’s work as comprising "wondrous and strange fantasies"; however, he concluded that the paintings are "often less pleasant than gruesome to look at."^[11]

In recent decades, scholars have come to view Bosch's vision as less fantastic, and accepted that his art reflects the orthodox religious belief systems of his age.^{[citation needed]} His depictions of sinful humanity, his conceptions of Heaven and Hell are now seen as consistent with those of late medieval didactic literature and sermons. Most writers attach a more profound significance to his paintings than had previously been supposed, and attempt to interpret it in terms of a late medieval morality. It is generally accepted that Bosch’s art was created to teach specific moral and spiritual truths in the manner of other Northern Renaissance figures, such as the poet Robert Henryson, and that the images rendered have precise and premeditated significance. According to Dirk Bax, Bosch's paintings often represent visual translations of verbal metaphors and puns drawn from both biblical and folkloric sources.^[12] However, the conflict of interpretations that his works still elicit raise profound questions about the nature of "ambiguity" art of his period.

Some writers attempt to interpret his imagery using the language of Freudian psychology. However, such theses are commonly rejected; according to Gibson, "what we choose to call the libido was denounced by the medieval church as original sin; what we see as the expression of the subconscious mind was for the Middle Ages the promptings of God or the Devil."^[13]

Debates on attribution[link]

The exact number of Bosch's surviving works has been a subject of considerable debate. He signed only seven of his paintings, and there is uncertainty whether all the paintings once ascribed to him were actually from his hand. It is known that from the early sixteenth century onwards numerous copies and variations of his paintings began to circulate. In addition, his style was highly influential, and was widely imitated by his numerous followers.^[14]

Over the years, scholars have attributed to him fewer and fewer of the works once thought to be his, and today only 25 are definitively attributed to him.

Works[link]

In recent literature[link]

The pen name Pseudonymous Bosch is based upon Hieronymus Bosch's name.

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Bax, Dirk. (1949), “Ontcijfering van Jeroen Bosch”. Den Haag.
• Dijck, G.C.M. van (2001). “Op zoek naar Jheronimus van Aken alias Bosch. De feiten. Familie, vrienden en opdrachtgevers”. Zaltbommel: Europese Bibliotheek. ISBN 90-288-2687-4
• Gibson, Walter S (1973). “Hieronymus Bosch”. New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-5002-O134-X
• Koldeweij, Jos & Bernard Vermet & Barbera van Kooij: Hieronymus Bosch. New Insights Into His Life and Work, NAi Publishers, Rotterdam 2001. ISBN 90-5662-214-5
• Marijnissen, Roger H. ([1987]). “Hiëronymus Bosch. Het volledige oeuvre”. Haarlem: Gottmer/Brecht. ISBN 90-230-0651-8

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hieronymus Bosch

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Garden of Earthly Delights

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bosch, Jerom.

• Jheronimus Bosch Art Center
• Bosch Bruegel Society
• Hieronymus Bosch "Between Heaven and Hell" in the "A World History of Art"
• Hieronymus Bosch Gallery at ibiblio
• Bosch Universe
• VA Tech English Dept. Project - Details Hieronymus Bosch paintings and allows for close examination
• Hieronymus Bosch at Panopticon Virtual Art Gallery
• At the Museo Nacional del Prado
• "Hieronymus Bosch, Tempter and Moralist" Analysis by Larry Silver.
• Hieronymus Bosch's Seven Deadly Sins table painting Analysis by Anja Zeidler.
• A Musical About Hieronymus Bosch
• www.Hieronymus-Bosch.org 188 works by Hieronymus Bosch
• Short animation film about The Garden of Earthly Delights
• Animated feature film about the life of Hieronymus Bosch. Release 2016.