Massoud Barzani مەسعوود بارزانی
President of Iraqi Kurdistan
Incumbent
Assumed office 14 June 2005
Prime Minister	Nechervan Idris Barzani Barham Salih
Vice President	Kosrat Rasul Ali
Preceded by	Position established
President of the Governing Council of Iraq
In office 1 April 2004 – 30 April 2004
Preceded by	Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum
Succeeded by	Ezzedine Salim
Personal details
Born	(1946-08-16) 16 August 1946 (age 65) ‎Mahabad, Mahabad, Iran
Political party	Kurdistan Democratic Party
Religion	Sunni Islam

Massoud Barzani (Kurdish: مەسعوود بارزانی; Arabic: مسعود بارزاني‎; born 16 August 1946) is the current President of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region and the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. Barzani was born in Mahabad, Iran, during the rule of the Republic of Mahabad. He has five sons (including Masrour) and three daughters.

Massoud Barzani succeeded his father, the former Kurdish nationalist leader Mustafa Barzani, as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in 1979. Working closely with his brother Idriss Barzani until Idriss' death, Barzani and various other Kurdish groups fought Baghdad during the Iran-Iraq War. For much of this time, the Kurdish leadership was exiled to Iran.

The autonomous zone[link]

With Saddam Hussein's defeat in the first Gulf War, Kurdish forces were able to retake much of the traditional homeland of the Kurds in Iraq. However, as Iraqi forces regrouped they pushed the Kurdish fighters back and hundreds of thousands of civilians fled to the mountains bordering Iran and Turkey, where thousands died under heavy fire from Iraqi gunships and many more succumbed to starvation and exposure. United States-led allies started Operation Provide Comfort to establish a safe zone within Iraq. This zone, protected by a no-fly zone, eventually developed into an autonomous Kurdish zone under the control of the two dominant Kurdish political parties, the KDP led by Massoud Barzani and the PUK led by Jalal Talabani. This zone incorporated most of the three governorates of Duhok, Hewler, and Silemani.

The Kurdish zone was divided between the two dominant parties; KDP in the Northwest and PUK in the Southeast. In December 1994 fighting broke out between the Peshmerga of PUK and of KDP. PUK quickly gained the upper hand and took control of Hewler city. Several armistice agreements were made and broken.

In the summer of 1996 Massoud Barzani called on the assistance of Saddam Hussein's Baath regime, and drove the PUK over the border to Iran. The PUK eventually regrouped and with Iranian assistance retook Silemani and parts of Hewler province. Hewler city remained in the hands of the KDP.

President of Kurdistan Region[link]

After the invasion of Iraq in 2003 Barzani became a member of the Iraqi Governing Council and was the president of the council in April 2004. He was elected as the President of the Iraqi Kurdistan region by the Parliament of Iraqi Kurdistan in June 2005.^[1][2][3]

In his presidency Mr Barzani has established several institutions in the Kurdistan Region to develop its emerging democracy, strengthen alliances and improve the decision-making process. In January 2007 he established the Kurdistan Presidency Council, which includes the Deputy President (Mr Kosrat Rasul Ali), the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Kurdistan National Assembly, the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister and the Chief of Staff of the Presidency of the Kurdistan Region.^{[citation needed]}

President George W. Bush talks to reporters as he welcomes Massoud Barzani to the Oval Office at the White House, Tuesday, October 25, 2005

In February 2011, President Barzani received the Atlantic Award from the Italian Atlantic Committee and the Italian Delegation to NATO Parliamentary Assembly, for his role in promoting peace, stability, and religious tolerance in the region. During the same visit Pope Benedict XVI received President Barzani and paid tribute to the President for his role in providing refuge and assistance to the fleeing Christians. The Atlantic Award is annually conferred to prominent international figures for their role in promoting peace, stability and religious tolerance in their regions.

As President of the Kurdistan Region, Massoud Barzani has made official visits to several countries including: meeting with US President George W. Bush at the White House (25 October 2005), UK Prime Minister Tony Blair at Downing Street (31 October 2005), The Pope at the Vatican (14 November 2005), Italian Prime Minister Berlusconi in Rome (13 November 2005), King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia in Riyadh (13 March 2007) and King Abdullah of Jordan in Amman (19 March 2007).^[4]

In July 2009, in the first direct election for the presidency of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Massoud Barzani was reelected as president by a popular ballot, receiving 69.6% of the votes. The elections were closely monitored by international observers and the Iraqi Electoral Commission. They were declared "free and fair".^{[citation needed]}

Criticism[link]

Massoud Barzani and his relatives allegedly control a large number of commercial enterprises in Kurdistan-Iraq, with a gross value of several billion US dollars. The family is routinely accused of corruption and nepotism by some Kurdish media as well as international observers including Michael Rubin. In spite of the alleged accusation, President Barzani on several occasions has denied involvement in any commercial enterprises.^[5] In May 2010 the journalist Sardasht Osman was murdered after criticising the Barzani family.^[6] In July 2010 the opposition paper Rozhnama accused the Barzani-led KDP of pocketing large sums from illegal oil-smuggling.^[7]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Masoud Barzani

• Kurdistan Region Presidency website
• 2002 BBC profile

v t e Prime Ministers of Iraq (List) British Mandate of Mesopotamia (1920–1932) 40px al Gillani · as-Sa'dun† · al-Askari† · al-Hashimi† · Tawfiq al-Suwaidi · Naji al-Suwaidi · as-Said† Kingdom of Iraq (1932–1958) 40px Shawkat · al-Gaylani · al-Midfai† · al-Aiyubi† · al-Hashimi† · Sulayman · as-Said† · H. Pachachi · Tawfiq al-Suwaidi · Arshad al-Umari · Jabr · as-Sadr · Muzahim al-Pachachi · Mustafa al-Umari · Mahmud† · al-Jamali · Arshad al-Umari · Mirjan · Baban Republic of Iraq (1958–2003) Qasim† · al-Bakr† · Yahya† · ar-Razzaq† · al-Bazzaz† · Talib · Arif† · Yahya† · an-Naif† · al-Bakr · Hussein · Hammadi · Zubeidi · as-Samarrai · Hussein Iraqi Governing Council (2003–2004) al-Ulloum* · al-Jaafari · Chalabi · Allawi · Talabani · al-Hakim · A. Pachachi · Hamid · al-Ulloum · Barzani · Salim · al-Yawer Republic of Iraq (since 2004) Allawi* · al-Jaafari · al-Maliki * interim     † military

Jalal Talabani
6th President of Iraq
Incumbent
Assumed office 7 April 2005
Prime Minister	Ibrahim al-Jaafari Nouri al-Maliki
Vice President	Adil Abdul Mahdi Tariq al-Hashimi
Preceded by	Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer (Acting)
President of the Governing Council of Iraq
In office 1 November 2003 – 30 November 2003
Preceded by	Ayad Allawi
Succeeded by	Abdul Aziz al-Hakim
Personal details
Born	(1933-11-12) 12 November 1933 (age 78) Kelkan, Iraq[1]
Political party	Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
Spouse(s)	Hero Ibrahim Ahmed[2]
Children	Qubad
Alma mater	University of Baghdad
Religion	Sunni Islam

Jalal Talabani (Sorani: جەلال تاڵەبانی Celal Tallebanî, Arabic: جلال طالباني‎ Jalāl Ṭālabānī; born November 12, 1933) is the sixth and current President of Iraq, a leading Kurdish politician. He is the first non-Arab president of Iraq, although Abdul Kareem Qasim was of partial Kurdish heritage.^[3]

Talabani is the founder and secretary general of one of the main Kurdish political parties, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). He was a prominent member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council, which was established following the overthrow of the Saddam Hussein regime by the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Talabani has been an advocate for Kurdish rights and democracy in Iraq for more than 50 years.

Early life[link]

Talabani was born in 1933 in Talaban Village and descends from the Talabani tribe that has produced many leading social figures^{[citation needed]}. He received his elementary and intermediate school education in Koya (Koysanjak) and his high school education in Erbil and Kirkuk. In the late 1950s Mustafa Barzani sent him to Syria to study law. He is fluent in Kurdish and Arabic and has working knowledge in Persian with Kurdish accent and English. His youngest son, Qubad, is the representative of the Kurdistan Regional Government in the United States. Talabani is a member of the Socialist International^[4].

Career[link]

Rights for Kurds[link]

When in September 1961, the Kurdish revolution for the rights of the Kurds in Western Iraq was declared against the Baghdad government of Abdul Karim Qassem, Talabani took charge of the Kirkuk and Silemani battle fronts and organized and led separatist movements in Mawat, Rezan and the Karadagh regions. In March 1962, he led a coordinated offensive that brought about the liberation of the district of Sharbazher from Iraqi government forces. When not engaged in fighting in the early and mid 1960s, Talabani undertook numerous diplomatic missions, representing the Kurdish leadership at meetings in Europe and the Middle East.

Jalal Talabani with President Barack Obama during a visit to Camp Victory, Iraq, April 7, 2009.

The Kurdish separatist movement collapsed in March 1975 after Iran ended their support in exchange for a border agreement with Iraq. This agreement was the 1975 Algiers Agreement, where Iraq gave up claims to the Shatt al-Arab(Arvand Rūd) waterway and Khuzestan, which later became the basis for the Iran-Iraq war. Believing it was time to give a new direction to the Kurdish separatists and to the Kurdish society, Talabani, with a group of Kurdish intellectuals and activists, founded the Kurdish Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (Yekiaiti Nishtimani Kurdistan). In 1976, he began organizing an armed campaign for Kurdish independence inside Iraq. During the 1980s, Talabani sided with Iran and led a Kurdish struggle from bases inside Iraq until the crackdown against Kurdish separatists from 1987 to 1988.

In 1991, he helped inspire a renewed effort for Kurdish independence. He negotiated a ceasefire with the Iraqi Ba'athist government that saved the lives of many Kurds and worked closely with the United States, UK, France and other countries to set up the safe haven in Iraqi Kurdistan. In 1992 the Kurdistan Regional Government was founded. Talabani has pursued a negotiated settlement to the internecine problems plaguing the Kurdish movement, as well as the larger issue of Kurdish rights in the current regional context. He works closely with other Kurdish politicians as well as the rest of the Iraqi opposition factions. In close coordination with Massoud Barzani, Talabani and the Kurds played a key role as a partner of the US-Coalition in the invasion of Iraq. Talabani was a member of the Iraqi Governing Council that negotiated the Transitional Administrative Law (TAL), Iraq's interim constitution. The TAL governed all politics in Iraq and the process of writing and adopting the final constitution.

Presidency[link]

Talabani and Vice President Joe Biden

Talabani was elected President of Iraq on April 6, 2005 by the Iraqi National Assembly and sworn in to office the following day. On April 22, 2006, Talabani began his second term as President of Iraq, becoming the first President elected under the country's new Constitution. Currently, his office is part of the Presidency Council of Iraq. Nawshirwan Mustafa was Talabani's deputy until Mustafa resigned in 2006 and formed a media company called Wusha. Talabani visited the Cambridge Union Society UK, on 11 May 2007.^[5] The visit itself was organized by the then President of Cambridge Union Society, Ali Al-Ansari. In an interview, during the visit, Jalal Talabani described Tony Blair as a 'hero' for helping secure Iraq's freedom.^[6] He was reelected by the Parliament for a new term on 11 November 2010.^[7]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jalal Talabani

Wikinews has related news: Iraq's President supports U.S. Senate plan to decentralize Iraq

• Kurdistan Regional Government

v t e Heads of state of post-Ottoman Iraq Kingdom of Iraq (1921–1958) Kings of Iraq Faisal I · Ghazi · Faisal II Republic of Iraq (since 1958) Presidents of Iraq Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i† · Abdul Salam Arif† · Abd ar-Rahman al-Bazzaz*†  · Abdul Rahman Arif† · Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr† · Saddam Hussein† · occupation  · Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer  · Jalal Talabani * acting     † deceased

v t e Prime Ministers of Iraq (List) British Mandate of Mesopotamia (1920–1932) 40px al Gillani · as-Sa'dun† · al-Askari† · al-Hashimi† · Tawfiq al-Suwaidi · Naji al-Suwaidi · as-Said† Kingdom of Iraq (1932–1958) 40px Shawkat · al-Gaylani · al-Midfai† · al-Aiyubi† · al-Hashimi† · Sulayman · as-Said† · H. Pachachi · Tawfiq al-Suwaidi · Arshad al-Umari · Jabr · as-Sadr · Muzahim al-Pachachi · Mustafa al-Umari · Mahmud† · al-Jamali · Arshad al-Umari · Mirjan · Baban Republic of Iraq (1958–2003) Qasim† · al-Bakr† · Yahya† · ar-Razzaq† · al-Bazzaz† · Talib · Arif† · Yahya† · an-Naif† · al-Bakr · Hussein · Hammadi · Zubeidi · as-Samarrai · Hussein Iraqi Governing Council (2003–2004) al-Ulloum* · al-Jaafari · Chalabi · Allawi · Talabani · al-Hakim · A. Pachachi · Hamid · al-Ulloum · Barzani · Salim · al-Yawer Republic of Iraq (since 2004) Allawi* · al-Jaafari · al-Maliki * interim     † military