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• 
  

• 
  Arverne, Queens
  Arverne is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens, on the Rockaway Peninsula. It was initially developed by Remington Vernam, whose signature "R. Vernam" inspired the name of the neighborhood. Arverne extends from Beach 56th Street to Beach 73rd Street, along its main thoroughfare Beach Channel Drive, alternatively known as Rev. Joseph H. May Drive. The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 14.
  Vernam's original plan was to name the neighborhood Arverne-by-the-Sea, and one grandiose plan, influenced by his wife, Florence, included a canal running through the neighborhood, reminiscent of the Amstel canal in Amsterdam, Holland. When this plan fell through, the canal right-of-way was converted into a thoroughfare, Amstel Boulevard, which, except for a stub west of Beach 71st Street, was later incorporated into Beach Channel Drive.
  While Arverne became well-known as a beachfront community with inexpensive summer bungalows, and hotels of varying levels of expense and luxury as well as amusements and boardwalk concessions, it also attracted a year-round residential community. On January 3, 1914, a violent storm devastated the neighborhood as well as other neighborhoods on the peninsula, and completely swept the Arverne Pier Theater, which was capable of seating 1,200 people, away to sea. On June 15, 1922, a large part of Arverne was leveled by a disastrous fire which left about 10,000 people homeless, although the neighborhood was quick to rebuild.
  
  wn.com/Arverne,_Queens
• 
  Broadway theatre
  Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 40 professional theatres with 500 or more seats located in the Theatre District centered along Broadway, and in Lincoln Center, in Manhattan in New York City. Along with London's West End theatre, Broadway theatre is widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world.
  The Broadway theatre district is a popular tourist attraction in New York. According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately $1.081 billion worth of tickets in calendar year 2011, compared with $1.037 billion for 2010. Attendance in 2011 was 12.13 million.
  New York did not have a significant theatre presence until about 1750, when actor-managers Walter Murray and Thomas Kean established a resident theatre company at the Theatre on Nassau Street, which held about 280 people. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggar's Opera. In 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice and The Anatomist. The company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the year the 2,000-seat Park Theatre was built on Chatham Street (now called Park Row). The Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, and especially so with the arrival of the Virginia Minstrels in the 1840s.
  
  wn.com/Broadway_theatre
• 
  Columbia University
  Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is an American private Ivy League research university located in New York City, New York, United States. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. Today the university operates seven Columbia Global Centers overseas in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Santiago and Nairobi.
  The university was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain. After the American Revolutionary War, King's College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. The University now operates under a 1787 charter that places the institution under a private board of trustees, and in 1896 it was further renamed Columbia University. That same year, the university's campus was moved from Madison Avenue to its location in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, where it occupies more than six city blocks, or 32 acres (0.13 km²). The university encompasses twenty schools and is affiliated with numerous institutions, including Teachers College, Barnard College, and the Union Theological Seminary, with joint undergraduate programs available through the Jewish Theological Seminary of America as well as the Juilliard School.
  
  wn.com/Columbia_University
• 
  United States
  The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
  At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
  
  wn.com/United_States

• 
  Aaron Copland
  Aaron Copland ( /ˌærən ˈkoʊplənd/; November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later in his career a conductor of his own and other American music. He was instrumental in forging a distinctly American style of composition, and is often referred to as "the Dean of American Composers". He is best known to the public for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately more accessible style than his earlier pieces, including the ballets Appalachian Spring, Billy the Kid, Rodeo and his Fanfare for the Common Man. The open, slowly changing harmonies of many of his works are archetypical of what many people consider to be the sound of American music, evoking the vast American landscape and pioneer spirit. However, he wrote music in different styles at different periods of his life: his early works incorporated jazz or avant-garde elements whereas his later music incorporated serial techniques. In addition to his ballets and orchestral works, he produced music in many other genres including chamber music, vocal works, opera and film scores.
  
  wn.com/Aaron_Copland
• Adam Guettel
  Adam Guettel ( /ˈɡɛtəl/; born December 16, 1964) is an American composer-lyricist of musical theater and opera . He is best known for the musical The Light in the Piazza, for which he won two Tony Awards, for Best Score and Best Orchestrations, and two Drama Desk Awards, for Best Music and Best Orchestrations.
  Guettel was born and raised on the Upper West Side of New York City. He performed as a boy soprano soloist in operas including Pelléas et Mélisande and The Magic Flute, both at the Metropolitan Opera and the New York City Opera, and in another production of Pelléas with the Santa Fe Opera. He was also slated to play Amahl in the film remake of Gian Carlo Menotti's "Amahl and the Night Visitors". He later claimed that he ended his career as a boy soprano at age 13, by faking that his voice was changing; he turned to music composition soon afterward. He attended Phillips Exeter Academy, Interlochen Center for the Arts and graduated from Yale University in 1987.
  His early works include 1996's Floyd Collins, Love's Fire, and Saturn Returns (which was recorded as Myths and Hymns). Guettel's music was almost immediately characterized by its complexity and chromaticism. His major influences include Igor Stravinsky, Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy, Benjamin Britten, and Stevie Wonder. Stephen Sondheim has referred to Guettel's work as "dazzling." Guettel's songs have been recorded by such artists as Audra McDonald and Brian d'Arcy James. He also contributed original scores to several documentary films, including Arguing the World and Jack: The Last Kennedy Film. In 1999, he performed a concert evening of his own work at New York's Town Hall.
  
  wn.com/Adam_Guettel
• Adolph Green
  Adolph Green (December 2, 1914  – October 23, 2002) was an American lyricist and playwright who, with long-time collaborator Betty Comden, penned the screenplays and songs for some of the most beloved movie musicals, particularly as part of Arthur Freed's production unit at MGM, during the genre's heyday. Many people thought the pair were married; they were not, but they shared a unique comic genius and sophisticated wit that enabled them to forge a six-decade-long partnership that produced some of Hollywood and Broadway's greatest hits.
  Green was born in The Bronx to Hungarian-Jewish immigrants Daniel and Helen Weiss Green. After high school, he worked as a runner on Wall Street while he tried to make it as an actor. He met Comden through mutual friends in 1938 while she was studying drama at New York University. They formed a troupe called the Revuers, which performed at the Village Vanguard, a club in Greenwich Village. Among the members of the company was a young comedian named Judy Tuvim, who later changed her name to Judy Holliday, and Green's good friend, a young musician named Leonard Bernstein, frequently accompanied them on the piano. The act's success earned them a movie offer and the Revuers traveled west in hopes of finding fame in Greenwich Village, a 1944 movie starring Carmen Miranda and Don Ameche, but their roles were so small they barely were noticed, and they quickly returned to New York.
  
  wn.com/Adolph_Green
• 
  Al Jolson
  Al Jolson (May 26, 1886 – October 23, 1950) was an American singer, comedian, and actor. In his heyday, he was dubbed "The World's Greatest Entertainer".
  His performing style was brash and extroverted, and he popularized a large number of songs that benefited from his "shamelessly sentimental, melodramatic approach". Numerous well-known singers were influenced by his music, including Bing CrosbyJudy Garland, rock and country entertainer Jerry Lee Lewis, and Bob Dylan, who once referred to him as "somebody whose life I can feel". Broadway critic Gilbert Seldes compared him to "the Greek God Pan", claiming that Jolson represented "the concentration of our national health and gaiety."
  In the 1930s, he was America's most famous and highest paid entertainer. Between 1911 and 1928, Jolson had nine sell-out Winter Garden shows in a row, more than 80 hit records, and 16 national and international tours. Although he's best remembered today as the star in the first (full length) talking movie, The Jazz Singer in 1927, he later starred in a series of successful musical films throughout the 1930s. After a period of inactivity, his stardom returned with the 1946 Oscar-winning biographical film, The Jolson Story. Larry Parks played Jolson with the songs dubbed in with Jolson’s real voice. A sequel, Jolson Sings Again, was released in 1949, and was nominated for three Oscars. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Jolson became the first star to entertain troops overseas during World War II, and again in 1950 became the first star to perform for G.I.s in Korea, doing 42 shows in 16 days. He died just weeks after returning to the U.S., partly due to the physical exertion of performing. Defense Secretary George Marshall afterward awarded the Medal of Merit to Jolson's family.
  
  wn.com/Al_Jolson
• Alan Jay Lerner
  Alan Jay Lerner (August 31, 1918 – June 14, 1986) was an American lyricist and librettist. In collaboration with Frederick Loewe, he created some of the world's most popular and enduring works of musical theatre for both the stage and on film. He won three Tony Awards and three Academy Awards, among other honors.
  Born in New York City, he was the son of Edith Adelson Lerner and Joseph Jay Lerner, whose brother, Samuel Alexander Lerner, was founder and owner of the Lerner Stores, a chain of dress shops. One of Lerner's cousins was the radio comedian/television game show panelist Henry Morgan. Alan Jay Lerner was educated at Bedales School in England, The Choate School (now Choate Rosemary Hall) in Wallingford, Connecticut, (where he wrote "The Choate Marching Song") and Harvard. He attended both Camp Androscoggin and Camp Greylock. At both Choate and Harvard, Lerner was a classmate of John F. Kennedy; at Choate they had worked together on the yearbook staff. Like Cole Porter at Yale and Richard Rodgers at Columbia, his career in musical theater began with his collegiate contributions, in Lerner's case to the annual Harvard Hasty Pudding musicals. During the summers of 1936 and 1937, Lerner studied at Juilliard. While attending Harvard, he lost his sight in his left eye due to an accident in the boxing ring. In 1957, Lerner and Leonard Bernstein, another of Lerner's college classmates, collaborated on "Lonely Men of Harvard," a tongue-in-cheek salute to their alma mater.
  
  wn.com/Alan_Jay_Lerner
• Alec Wilder
  Alec Wilder (born Alexander Lafayette Chew Wilder in Rochester, New York, February 16, 1907; d. Gainesville, Florida, December 24, 1980) was an American composer.
  His family was prominent in Rochester; a downtown building (at the "Four Corners") bears the family's name. As a young boy, he traveled to New York City with his mother and stayed at the Algonquin Hotel. It would later be his home for the last 40 or so years of his life. He attended several prep schools, unhappily, as a teenager. Around this time, he hired a lawyer and essentially "divorced" himself from his family, gaining for himself some portion of the family fortune.
  He was largely self-taught as a composer; he studied privately with the composers Herman Inch and Edward Royce, who taught at the Eastman School of Music in the 1920s, but never registered for classes and never received his degree. While there, he edited a humor magazine and scored music for short films directed by James Sibley Watson. Wilder was eventually awarded an honorary degree in 1973.
  
  wn.com/Alec_Wilder
• Allie Wrubel
  Allie Wrubel (January 15, 1905 – December 13, 1973) was an American composer and songwriter.
  Born in Middletown, Connecticut, Wrubel attended Wesleyan University and Columbia University before working in dance bands. He began his musical career in Greenwich Village, New York where he roomed with his close friend James Cagney. He played saxophone and clarinet for a variety of famous swing bands. In 1934 he moved to Hollywood to work for Warner Bros. as a contract song writer. He contributed material to a large number of movies, including those of the famous Busby Berkeley before moving to Disney in 1947.
  Wrubel collaborated with lyricist Ray Gilbert on the song "Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah" from the film Song of the South which won the Oscar for Best Song in 1947.
  Wrubel also contributed to the films Make Mine Music, Duel in the Sun, I Walk Alone, Melody Time, Tulsa, Never Steal Anything Small and Midnight Lace. The lyricists with whom he collaborated included Abner Silver, Herb Magidson, Charles Newman, Mort Dixon and Ned Washington. When he died, at Twentynine Palms, California, he left a lengthy catalogue of songs.
  
  wn.com/Allie_Wrubel
• 
  Arthur Miller
  Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005) was an American playwright and essayist. He was a prominent figure in American theatre, writing dramas that include plays such as All My Sons (1947), Death of a Salesman (1949), The Crucible (1953), and A View from the Bridge (one-act, 1955; revised two-act, 1956).
  Miller was often in the public eye, particularly during the late 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s, a period during which he testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee, received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the Prince of Asturias Award, and was married to Marilyn Monroe.
  Arthur Asher Miller was born on October 17, 1915, in Harlem, New York City, the second of three children of Isidore and Augusta Miller, Polish-Jewish immigrants. His father owned a women's clothing manufacturing business employing some 400 people. He became a wealthy and respected man in the community. (BBC TV Interview; Miller and Yentob; 'Finishing the Picture,' 2004) The family, including his younger sister Joan, lived on East 110th Street in Manhattan and owned a summer house in Far Rockaway, Queens. They employed a chauffeur. In the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the family lost almost everything and moved to Gravesend, Brooklyn. As a teenager, Miller delivered bread every morning before school to help the family. After graduating in 1932 from Abraham Lincoln High School, he worked at several menial jobs to pay for his college tuition.
  
  wn.com/Arthur_Miller
• 
  Arthur Rubinstein
  Arthur Rubinstein (January 28, 1887 – December 20, 1982) was a Polish-American classical pianist who received international acclaim for his performances of the music written by a variety of composers; many regard him as the greatest Chopin interpreter of his time. He is widely considered one of the greatest classical pianists of the twentieth century.
  Rubinstein was born in Łódź, Congress Poland (part of the Russian Empire for the entire time Rubinstein resided there) on January 28, 1887, to a family of assimilated Jews. He was the youngest of eight children, and his father was a wealthy factory owner.
  Rubinstein's birth name was Artur Rubinstein, although in English-speaking countries, he preferred to be known as Arthur Rubinstein. However, his United States impresario Sol Hurok insisted he be billed as Artur, and records were released in the West under both versions of his name.
  At the age of two, Rubinstein demonstrated perfect pitch and a fascination with the piano, watching his elder sister's piano lessons. By the age of four, he was recognised as a child prodigy. Rubinstein first studied piano in Warsaw. His early piano training came from Karl Heinrich Barth.
  
  wn.com/Arthur_Rubinstein
• Betty Comden
  Betty Comden (May 3, 1917 – November 23, 2006) was one-half of the musical-comedy duo Comden and Green, who provided lyrics, libretti, and screenplays to some of the most beloved and successful Hollywood musicals and Broadway shows of the mid-20th century. Her writing partnership with Adolph Green lasted for six decades, during which time they collaborated with other leading entertainment figures such as the famed "Freed Unit" at MGM, Jule Styne and Leonard Bernstein.
  Betty Comden was born Basya Cohen in New York City, attended Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn, and studied drama at New York University. In 1938, mutual friends introduced her to Adolph Green, an aspiring actor. Along with the young Judy Holliday and Leonard Bernstein, Comden and Green formed a troupe called the Revuers, which performed at the Village Vanguard, a club in Greenwich Village. Due to the act's success, the Revuers appeared in the 1944 film Greenwich Village, but their roles were so small they barely were noticed, and they quickly returned to New York.
  
  wn.com/Betty_Comden
• 
  Bing Crosby
  Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby (May 3, 1903 – October 14, 1977) was an American singer and actor. Crosby's trademark bass-baritone voice made him one of the best-selling recording artistes of the 20th century, with over half a billion records in circulation.
  A multimedia star, from 1934 to 1954 Bing Crosby was a leader in record sales, radio ratings and motion picture grosses. His early career coincided with technical recording innovations; this allowed him to develop a laid-back, intimate singing style that influenced many of the popular male singers who followed him, including Perry Como,Frank Sinatra, and Dean Martin. Yank magazine recognized Crosby as the person who had done the most for American G.I. morale during World War II and, during his peak years, around 1948, polls declared him the "most admired man alive," ahead of Jackie Robinson and Pope Pius XII. Also in 1948, the Music Digest estimated that Crosby recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours allocated to recorded radio music.
  
  wn.com/Bing_Crosby
• 
  Bob Dylan
  Bob Dylan ( /ˈdɪlən/), born Robert Allen Zimmerman on May 24, 1941, is an American singer-songwriter, musician and artist. He has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s when he was an informal chronicler and a seemingly reluctant figurehead of social unrest. A number of Dylan's early songs, such as "Blowin' in the Wind" and "The Times They Are a-Changin'", became anthems for the US civil rights and anti-war movements. Leaving his initial base in the culture of folk music behind, Dylan's six-minute single "Like a Rolling Stone" has been described as radically altering the parameters of popular music in 1965. However, his recordings employing electric instruments attracted denunciation and criticism from others in the folk movement.
  Dylan's lyrics incorporated a variety of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed hugely to the then burgeoning counterculture. Initially inspired by the songs of Woody Guthrie,Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, as well as the music and performance styles of Buddy Holly and Little Richard, Dylan has both amplified and personalized musical genres. His recording career, spanning fifty years, has explored numerous distinct traditions in American song—from folk, blues and country to gospel, rock and roll, and rockabilly to English, Scottish, and Irish folk music, embracing even jazz and swing.
  
  wn.com/Bob_Dylan
• Charlie Smalls
  Charlie Smalls (October 25, 1943 in Queens, New York – August 27, 1987 in Belgium) was an African-American composer and songwriter, best known for writing the music for the 1975 Broadway musical The Wiz.
  A musical prodigy, Smalls attended the Juilliard School at age eleven in 1954, staying until 1961. In 1968, he appeared on the "Some Like It Lukewarm" episode of The Monkees (episode #56, original airdate March 4, 1968), chatting at a piano with singer Davy Jones. He wrote a song for John Cassavetes's 1968 film Faces called "Never Felt Like This Before". He also wrote the score for the 1976 film, Drum. He also wrote the song "From Me To You" for the Hugh Masekela 1966 albumHugh Masekela's Next Album.
  After graduating from the High School of Performing Arts, Smalls toured as a member of the New York Jazz Repertory Company before beginning work on The Wiz. An African-American retelling of L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, The Wiz was adapted into a feature film, starring Diana Ross and Michael Jackson, by Motown Productions and Universal Pictures in 1978.
  
  wn.com/Charlie_Smalls
• 
  Cole Porter
  Cole Albert Porter (June 9, 1891 – October 15, 1964) was an American composer and songwriter. Born to a wealthy family in Indiana, he defied the wishes of his domineering grandfather and took up music as a profession. Classically trained, he was drawn towards musical theatre. After a slow start, he began to achieve success in the 1920s, and by the 1930s he was one of the major songwriters for the Broadway musical stage. Unlike most successful Broadway composers, Porter wrote both the lyrics and the music for his songs.
  After a serious horseback riding accident in 1937, Porter was left disabled and in constant pain, but he continued to work. His shows of the early 1940s did not contain the lasting hits of his best work of the 1920s and 30s, but in 1948 he made a triumphant comeback with his most successful musical, Kiss Me, Kate.
  Porter's other musicals include Fifty Million Frenchmen, DuBarry Was a Lady, Anything Goes and Can-Can, and his numerous hit songs include "Night and Day", "I Get a Kick out of You", "Well, Did You Evah!" and "I've Got You Under My Skin". He also composed scores for films from the 1930s to the 1950s. He was noted for his sophisticated, suggestive lyrics, clever rhymes and complex forms.
  
  wn.com/Cole_Porter
• 
  Dizzee Rascal
  Dylan Kwabena Mills (born 18 September 1984), better known by his stage name Dizzee Rascal, is a UK and US-based rapper, songwriter and record producer of Ghanaian and Nigerian descent. His music is a blend of garage, hip hop, grime, ragga, pop and electronic music, with eclectic samples and more exotic styles. Best known for his number-one hits "Dance wiv Me", "Bonkers", "Holiday", "Dirtee Disco" & "Shout", his debut album, Boy in da Corner, won him the 2003 Mercury Prize. Follow-up albums Showtime, Maths + English and Tongue n' Cheek have all been critically acclaimed and certified gold, the last going platinum for sales exceeding 300,000 units.
  Mills' Nigerian father died when he was young, and he was raised in Bow, in the East End of London in a single-parent family by his Ghanaian mother Priscilla, about whom he says: "I had issues as a kid. I was violent and disruptive. The way my mum helped was by finding me a different school every time I got kicked out, always fighting to keep me in the school system" he attended St Pauls Way Community School.
  
  wn.com/Dizzee_Rascal
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  Duke Ellington
  Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American composer, pianist, and big-band leader. Ellington wrote over 1,000 compositions. In the opinion of Bob Blumenthal of The Boston Globe "In the century since his birth, there has been no greater composer, American or otherwise, than Edward Kennedy Ellington." A major figure in the history of jazz, Ellington's music stretched into various other genres, including blues, gospel, film scores, popular, and classical. His career spanned more than 50 years and included leading his orchestra, composing an inexhaustible songbook, scoring for movies, composing stage musicals, and world tours. Several of his instrumental works were adapted into songs that became standards. Due to his inventive use of the orchestra, or big band, and thanks to his eloquence and extraordinary charisma, he is generally considered to have elevated the perception of jazz to an art form on a par with other traditional genres of music. His reputation increased after his death and the Pulitzer Prize Board bestowed on him a special posthumous honor in 1999.
  
  wn.com/Duke_Ellington
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  Ella Fitzgerald
  Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 – June 15, 1996), also known as the "First Lady of Song", "Queen of Jazz", and "Lady Ella", was an American jazz and song vocalist. With a vocal range spanning three octaves (D♭3 to D♭6), she was noted for her purity of tone, impeccable diction, phrasing and intonation, and a "horn-like" improvisational ability, particularly in her scat singing.
  Fitzgerald was a notable interpreter of the Great American Songbook. Over the course of her 59-year recording career, she was the winner of 13 Grammy Awards and was awarded the National Medal of Arts by Ronald Reagan and the Presidential Medal of Freedom by George H. W. Bush.
  Fitzgerald was born in Newport News, Virginia, the child of a common-law marriage between William and Temperance "Tempie" Fitzgerald. The pair separated soon after her birth and she and her mother went to Yonkers, New York, where they eventually moved in with Tempie's longtime boyfriend, Joseph Da Silva. Fitzgerald's half-sister, Frances Da Silva, was born in 1923. She and her family were Methodists and were active in the Bethany African Methodist Episcopal Church and she regularly attended worship services, Bible study, and Sunday School.
  
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  Elmer Rice
  Elmer Rice (28 September 1892 – 8 May 1967) was an American playwright. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his 1929 play, Street Scene.
  
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  Eugene O'Neill
  Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in Literature. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into American drama techniques of realism earlier associated with Russian playwright Anton Chekhov, Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, and Swedish playwright August Strindberg. His plays were among the first to include speeches in American vernacular and involve characters on the fringes of society, where they struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations, but ultimately slide into disillusionment and despair. O'Neill wrote only one well-known comedy (Ah, Wilderness!). Nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism.
  O'Neill was born in a Broadway hotel room in Longacre Square (now Times Square), in the Barrett Hotel. The site is now a Starbucks (1500 Broadway, Northeast corner of 43rd & Broadway). A commemorative plaque is posted on the outside wall with the inscription "Eugene O'Neill, October 16, 1888 ~ November 27, 1953 America's greatest playwright was born on this site then called Barrett Hotel, Presented by Circle in the Square."
  
  wn.com/Eugene_O'Neill
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  Fred Allen
  Fred Allen (born John Florence Sullivan, May 31, 1894 – March 17, 1956) was an American comedian whose absurdist, topically pointed radio show (1932–1949) made him one of the most popular and forward-looking humorists in the so-called classic era of American radio.
  His best-remembered gag was his long-running mock feud with friend and fellow comedian Jack Benny, but it was only part of his appeal; radio historian John Dunning (in On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio) wrote that Allen was radio's most admired comedian and most frequently censored. A master ad libber, Allen often tangled with his network's executives (and often barbed them on the air over the battles), while developing routines the style and substance of which influenced contemporaries and futures among comic talents, including Groucho Marx, Stan Freberg, Henry Morgan and Johnny Carson, but his fans also included President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and novelists William Faulkner, John Steinbeck and Herman Wouk (who began his career writing for Allen).
  
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  Fred Astaire
  Fred Astaire (born Frederick Austerlitz; May 10, 1899 – June 22, 1987) was an American film and Broadway stage dancer, choreographer, singer and actor. His stage and subsequent film career spanned a total of 76 years, during which he made 31 musical films. He was named the fifth Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute. He is particularly associated with Ginger Rogers, with whom he made ten films.
  Gene Kelly, another major innovator in filmed dance, said that "the history of dance on film begins with Astaire". Beyond film and television, many classical dancers and choreographers, Rudolf Nureyev, Sammy Davis, Jr., Michael Jackson, Gregory Hines, Mikhail Baryshnikov, George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins among them, also acknowledged his importance and influence.
  Astaire was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Johanna "Ann" (née Geilus) and Frederic "Fritz" Austerlitz (born September 8, 1868, as Friedrich Emanuel Austerlitz). Astaire's mother was born in the United States to Lutheran German immigrants from East Prussia and Alsace, while Astaire's father was born in Linz, Austria, to Jewish parents who had converted to Catholicism.
  
  wn.com/Fred_Astaire
• Fred Ebb
  Fred Ebb (April 8, 1928 – September 11, 2004) was an American musical theatre lyricist who had many successful collaborations with composer John Kander. The Kander and Ebb team frequently wrote for such performers as Liza Minnelli and Chita Rivera.
  Ebb was born in Manhattan to a Jewish family, the son of Anna Evelyn (née Gritz) and Harry Ebb. He worked during the early 1950s bronzing baby shoes, as a trucker's assistant, and was also employed in a department store credit office and at a hosiery company. He graduated from New York University with a bachelor’s degree in English Literature, and also earned his Master’s Degree in English from Columbia University.
  One of his early collaborators was Phil Springer, and a song they wrote together ("I Never Loved Him Anyhow") was recorded by Carmen McRae in 1956. Another song Ebb wrote with Springer was "Heartbroken" (1953), which was recorded by Judy Garland, the mother of his future protégée, Liza Minnelli. Other Springer-Ebb tunes include "Moonlight Gambler" and "Nevertheless I Never Lost the Blues". "Don't Forget", which he wrote with Norman Leyden, was recorded by singer Eddy Arnold in 1954.
  
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• Frederick Loewe
  Frederick Loewe (/ˈloʊ/, originally German Friedrich (Fritz) Löwe [ˈløːvə]; June 10, 1901 – February 14, 1988), was an Austrian-American composer. He collaborated with lyricist Alan Jay Lerner on the long running Broadway musicals My Fair Lady and Camelot, with book and lyrics by Lerner, both of which were made into films.
  Loewe was born in Berlin, Germany, to Viennese parents Edmond and Rosa Loewe. His father was a noted Jewish operetta star who performed throughout Europe and in North and South America; he starred as Count Danilo in the original production of The Merry Widow.
  Frederick Loewe grew up in Berlin and attended a Prussian cadet school from the age of five until he was thirteen. At an early age Loewe learned to play piano by ear and helped his father rehearse, and he began composing songs at age seven. He eventually attended a music conservatory in Berlin, one year behind virtuoso Claudio Arrau, and studied with Ferruccio Busoni and Eugene d'Albert. He won the coveted Hollander Medal awarded by the school and gave performances as a concert pianist while still in Germany. At 13, he was the youngest piano soloist ever to appear with the Berlin Philharmonic.
  
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  George Balanchine
  George Balanchine, born Giorgi Balanchivadze (Georgian: გიორგი ბალანჩივაძე, Russian: Георгий Мелитонович Баланчивадзе) (January 22 [O.S. January 9] 1904 – April 30, 1983), was one of the 20th century's most famous choreographers, a developer of ballet in the United States and the co-founder and balletmaster of New York City Ballet. He was a choreographer known for his musicality; he expressed music with dance and worked extensively with Igor Stravinsky. Thirty-nine of his more than four hundred ballets were choreographed to music by Stravinsky.
  Balanchine was born Giorgi Balanchivadze in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to a Georgian father and a Russian mother. Balanchine's family comprised largely composers and soldiers. His father was a noted Georgian composer Meliton Balanchivadze (1862–1937), one of the initiators of the Georgian Opera, while his mother was a Russian ballet aficionado. George's brother, Andria Balanchivadze (1906–1992), became a well-known Georgian composer. As a child, Balanchine was not particularly interested in ballet but his mother loved the arts and had the young Giorgi audition with his sister, who shared her mother's passion for ballet.
  
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  George Gershwin
  George Gershwin (September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer and pianist. Gershwin's compositions spanned both popular and classical genres, and his most popular melodies are widely known. Among his best known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue and An American in Paris, as well as the opera Porgy and Bess.
  Born in Brooklyn to a Ukrainian father of Jewish descent and a Russian mother, Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark and Henry Cowell. He began his career as a song plugger, but soon thereafter started composing Broadway theatre works with his brother Ira Gershwin and Buddy DeSylva. He moved to Paris in an attempt to study with Nadia Boulanger, where he began to compose An American in Paris. After returning to New York City, he wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira and author DuBose Heyward. Initially a commercial failure, Porgy and Bess is now considered one of the most important American operas of the Twentieth Century. Gershwin moved to Hollywood and composed numerous film scores until his death in 1937 from a brain tumor.
  
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  George M. Cohan
  George Michael Cohan (pronounced Ko-han; July 3, 1878 – November 5, 1942), known professionally as George M. Cohan, was a major American entertainer, playwright, composer, lyricist, actor, singer, dancer and producer.
  Cohan began his career as a child, performing with his parents and sister in a vaudeville act known as "The Four Cohans." Beginning with Little Johnny Jones in 1904, he wrote, composed, produced, and appeared in more than three dozen Broadway musicals. Cohan wrote some 500 songs during his lifetime, including the standards "Over There", "Give My Regards to Broadway", "The Yankee Doodle Boy" and "You're a Grand Old Flag". As a composer, he was one of the early members of the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP). He displayed remarkable theatrical longevity, appearing in films until the 1930s, and continuing to perform as a headline artist until 1940.
  Known in the decade before World War I as "the man who owned Broadway", he is considered the father of American musical comedy. His life and music were depicted in the Academy Award-winning film Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942) and the 1968 musical George M!. A statue of Cohan in Times Square in New York City commemorates his contributions to American musical theatre.
  
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  George S. Kaufman
  George Simon Kaufman (November 16, 1889 – June 2, 1961) was an American playwright, theatre director and producer, humorist, and drama critic. In addition to comedies and political satire, he wrote several musicals, notably for the Marx Brothers. One play and one musical that he wrote won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama: You Can't Take It With You (1937, with Moss Hart), and Of Thee I Sing (1932, with Morrie Ryskind and Ira Gershwin). He also won the Tony Award as a Director, for the musical Guys and Dolls.
  Born to a Jewish family in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he graduated from high school in 1907 and "tried law school for three months" but grew disenchanted and took on a series of odd jobs, including "selling hatbands". Kaufman then began his career as a journalist and drama critic; he was the drama editor for The New York Times from 1917 through 1930. Kaufman took his editorial responsibilities very seriously. According to legend, on one occasion a press agent asked: "How do I get our leading lady’s name in the Times?" Kaufman: "Shoot her."
  
  wn.com/George_S._Kaufman
• Harry Warren
  Harry Warren (December 24, 1893 – September 22, 1981) was an American composer and lyricist. Warren was the first major American songwriter to write primarily for film. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song eleven times and won three Oscars for composing "Lullaby of Broadway", "You'll Never Know" and "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe". He wrote the music for the first blockbuster film musical, 42nd Street, choreographed by Busby Berkeley, with whom he would collaborate on many musical films.
  Over a career spanning four decades, Warren wrote over 800 songs. Other well-known Warren hits included "I Only Have Eyes for You", "You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby", "Jeepers Creepers", "The Gold Diggers' Song (We're in the Money)", "That's Amore", "The More I See You", "At Last" and "Chattanooga Choo Choo" (the last of which was the first gold record in history). Warren was one of America's most prolific film composers,and his songs have been featured in over 300 films.
  
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  Henry Fonda
  Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American film and stage actor.
  Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor. He also appeared in 1938 in plays performed in White Plains, New York, with Joan Tompkins. He made his Hollywood debut in 1935, and his career gained momentum after his Academy Award-nominated performance as Tom Joad in The Grapes of Wrath, a 1940 adaptation of John Steinbeck's novel about an Oklahoma family who moved west during the Dust Bowl. Throughout six decades in Hollywood, Fonda cultivated a strong, appealing screen image in such classics as The Ox-Bow Incident, Mister Roberts and 12 Angry Men. Later, Fonda moved both toward darker epics as Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in the West and lighter roles in family comedies like Yours, Mine and Ours with Lucille Ball.
  Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors, including daughter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddaughter Bridget Fonda, and grandson Troy Garity. His family and close friends called him "Hank". In 1999, he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute.
  
  wn.com/Henry_Fonda
• Howard Lindsay
  Howard Lindsay (March 29, 1889 — February 11, 1968) was an American theatrical producer, playwright, librettist, director and actor. He is best known for his writing work as part of the collaboration of Lindsay and Crouse, and for his performance, with his wife Dorothy Stickney, in the long-running play Life with Father.
  Lindsay was born as Herman Nelke in Waterford, New York, and graduated from Boston Latin School in 1907. The 1957 Rodgers and Hammerstein television musical, Cinderella, recently revived by PBS, featured Lindsay and Stickney playing the roles of the King and Queen, one of the few times a Lindsay performance has been captured on film.
  Together with Russel Crouse, Lindsay won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the 1946 play State of the Union, which was adapted into a film directed by Frank Capra two years later. In 1960, the team won the Tony Award for Best Musical for The Sound of Music. They also collaborated on Happy Hunting and Mr. President.
  
  
  
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• Ira Gershwin
  Ira Gershwin (December 6, 1896 – August 17, 1983) was an American lyricist who collaborated with his younger brother, composer George Gershwin, to create some of the most memorable songs of the 20th century.
  With George he wrote more than a dozen Broadway shows, featuring songs such as "I Got Rhythm", "Embraceable You", "The Man I Love" and "Someone to Watch Over Me". He was also responsible, along with DuBose Heyward, for the libretto to George's opera Porgy and Bess.
  The success the brothers had with their collaborative works has often overshadowed the creative role that Ira played. However, his mastery of songwriting continued after the early death of George. He wrote additional hit songs with composers Jerome Kern ("Long Ago (and Far Away)"), Kurt Weill and Harold Arlen.
  His critically acclaimed book Lyrics on Several Occasions of 1959, an amalgam of autobiography and annotated anthology, is an important source for studying the art of the lyricist in the golden age of American popular song.
  
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  Irving Berlin
  Irving Berlin (May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989) was an American composer and lyricist of Jewish heritage, widely considered one of the greatest songwriters in American history. He published his first song, "Marie from Sunny Italy", in 1907 and had his first major international hit, "Alexander's Ragtime Band" in 1911.
  "Alexander's Ragtime Band" sparked an international dance craze in places as far away as Berlin's native Russia, which also "flung itself into the ragtime beat with an abandon bordering on mania." Over the years he was known for writing music and lyrics in the American vernacular: uncomplicated, simple and direct, with his aim being to "reach the heart of the average American" whom he saw as the "real soul of the country."
  He wrote hundreds of songs, many becoming major hits, which made him "a legend" before he turned thirty. During his 60-year career he wrote an estimated 1,500 songs, including the scores for 19 Broadway shows and 18 Hollywood films, with his songs nominated eight times for Academy Awards. Many songs became popular themes and anthems, including "Easter Parade", "White Christmas", "Happy Holiday", "This is the Army, Mr. Jones", and "There's No Business Like Show Business". His Broadway musical and 1942 film, This is the Army, with Ronald Reagan, had Kate Smith singing Berlin's "God Bless America" which was first performed in 1938. Smith still performed the song on her 1960 CBS television series, The Kate Smith Show. After the September 11 attacks in 2001, Celine Dion recorded it as a tribute, making it #1 on the charts.
  
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• Jay Livingston
  Jay Livingston (March 28, 1915 – October 17, 2001) was an American composer and singer best known as half of a songwriting duo with Ray Evans that specialized in songs composed for films. Livingston wrote the music and Evans the lyrics.
  Livingston was born Jacob Harold Levison in McDonald, Pennsylvania; he was Jewish. Livingston studied piano with Harry Archer in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and worked as a musician at local clubs while still in high school. He attended the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, where he organized a dance band and met Evans, a fellow student in the band. Their professional collaboration began in 1937. Livingston and Evans won the Academy Award for Best Original Song three times, in 1948 for the song Buttons and Bows, written for the movie The Paleface; in 1950 for the song Mona Lisa, written for the movie Captain Carey, U.S.A.; and in 1956 for the song "Whatever Will Be, Will Be (Que Sera, Sera)," featured in the movie The Man Who Knew Too Much. Livingston and Evans wrote popular TV themes for shows including Bonanza and Mr. Ed. They also wrote the Christmas song Silver Bells in 1951 for the film The Lemon Drop Kid as well as "Never Let Me Go" for the 1956 film The Scarlet Hour.
  
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  Jerome Kern
  Jerome David Kern (January 27, 1885 – November 11, 1945) was an American composer of musical theatre and popular music. One of the most important American theatre composers of the early 20th century, he wrote more than 700 songs, used in over 100 stage works, including such classics as "Ol' Man River", "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man", "A Fine Romance", "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes", "All the Things You Are", "The Way You Look Tonight", "Long Ago (and Far Away)" and "Who?". He collaborated with many of the leading librettists and lyricists of his era, including George Grossmith Jr., Guy Bolton, P. G. Wodehouse, Otto Harbach, Oscar Hammerstein II, Dorothy Fields, Johnny Mercer, Ira Gershwin and E. Y. Harburg.
  A native New Yorker, Kern created dozens of Broadway musicals and Hollywood films in a career that lasted for more than four decades. His musical innovations, such as 4/4 dance rhythms and the employment of syncopation and jazz progressions, built on, rather than rejected, earlier musical theatre tradition. He and his collaborators also employed his melodies to further the action or develop characterization to a greater extent than in the other musicals of his day, creating the model for later musicals. Although dozens of Kern's musicals and musical films were hits, only Show Boat is now regularly revived. Songs from his other shows, however, are still frequently performed and adapted. Although Kern detested jazz arrangements of his songs, many have been adopted by jazz musicians to become standard tunes.
  
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• Jerry Bock
  Jerrold Lewis "Jerry" Bock (November 23, 1928 – November 3, 2010) was an American musical theater composer. He received the Tony Award for Best Musical and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama with Sheldon Harnick for their 1959 musical Fiorello! and the Tony Award for Best Composer and Lyricist for the 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof with Harnick.
  Born in New Haven, Connecticut and raised in Flushing, Queens, New York, Bock studied the piano as a child. He attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he wrote the musical Big As Life, which toured the state and enjoyed a run in Chicago. After graduation he spent three summers at the Tamiment Playhouse in the Poconos and wrote for early television revues with lyricist Larry Holofcener.
  He made his Broadway debut in 1955 when he and Lawrence Holofcener contributed songs to Catch a Star. The following year the duo collaborated on the musical Mr. Wonderful, designed for Sammy Davis, Jr., after which they worked on Ziegfeld Follies of 1956, which closed out-of-town.
  
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  Jerry Herman
  Jerry Herman (born July 10, 1931) is an American composer and lyricist, known for his work in Broadway musical theater. He composed the scores for the hit Broadway musicals Hello, Dolly!, Mame, and La Cage aux Folles. He has been nominated for the Tony Award five times, and won twice, for Hello, Dolly! and La Cage aux Folles. In 2009, Herman received the Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre. He is a recipient of the 2010 Kennedy Center Honors.
  
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  Jerry Lewis
  Jerry Lewis (born March 16, 1926) is an American comedian, actor, singer, film producer, screenwriter and film director. He is best known for his slapstick humor in film, television, stage and radio. He was originally paired up with Dean Martin in 1946, forming the famed comedy team of Martin and Lewis.
  In addition to the duo's popular nightclub work, they starred in a successful series of comedy films for Paramount Pictures. Lewis is also known for his charity fund-raising telethons and position as national chairman for the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA).
  Lewis has won several awards for lifetime achievements from The American Comedy Awards, The Golden Camera, Los Angeles Film Critics Association, and The Venice Film Festival, and he has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
  In 2005, he received the Governors Award of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Board of Governors, which is the highest Emmy Award presented. On February 22, 2009, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences awarded Lewis the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award.
  
  wn.com/Jerry_Lewis
• Jimmy Van Heusen
  Jimmy Van Heusen (January 26, 1913 - February 6, 1990), was an American composer. He wrote songs mainly for films and television (but also for the theater), and won an Emmy and four Academy Awards for Best Original Song.
  Born Edward Chester Babcock in Syracuse, New York, he began writing music while at high school. He renamed himself at age 16, after the famous shirt makers, Phillips-Van Heusen, to use as his off-air name during local shows. His close friends called him "Chet."
  Studying at Cazenovia Seminary and Syracuse University, he became friends with Jerry Arlen, the younger brother of Harold Arlen. With the elder Arlen's help, Van Heusen wrote songs for the Cotton Club revue, including "Harlem Hospitality."
  He then became a staff pianist for some of the Tin Pan Alley publishers, and wrote "It's the Dreamer in Me" (1938) with lyrics by Jimmy Dorsey.
  Collaborating with lyricist Eddie DeLange, on songs such as "Heaven Can Wait", "So Help Me", and "Darn That Dream", his work became more prolific, writing over 60 songs in 1940 alone. It was in 1940 that he teamed up with the lyricist Johnny Burke.
  
  wn.com/Jimmy_Van_Heusen
• Joe Darion
  Joe Darion, (30 January 1917 - 6 June 2001) was an American musical theatre lyricist, most famous for Man of La Mancha.
  Darion was born in New York City and died in Lebanon, New Hampshire.
  
  
  
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  John Coltrane
  John William Coltrane (September 23, 1926 – July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Working in the bebop and hard bop idioms early in his career, Coltrane helped pioneer the use of modes in jazz and later was at the forefront of free jazz. He organized at least fifty recording sessions as a leader during his recording career, and appeared as a sideman on many other albums, notably with trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk.
  As his career progressed, Coltrane and his music took on an increasingly spiritual dimension. His second wife was pianist Alice Coltrane, and their son Ravi Coltrane is also a saxophonist. Coltrane influenced innumerable musicians, and remains one of the most significant tenor saxophonists in jazz history. He received many posthumous awards and recognitions, including canonization by the African Orthodox Church as Saint John William Coltrane. In 2007, Coltrane was awarded the Pulitzer Prize Special Citation for his "masterful improvisation, supreme musicianship and iconic centrality to the history of jazz."
  
  wn.com/John_Coltrane
• John Kander
  John Harold Kander (born March 18, 1927) is the American composer of a number of musicals as part of the songwriting team of Kander and Ebb.
  Kander was born in Kansas City, Missouri, the son of Bernice (née Aaron) and Harold S. Kander. Kander attended The Pembroke Country-Day School and Oberlin College before earning a Master's degree at Columbia University where he was a protégé of Douglas Moore and studied composition with Jack Beeson.
  Kander began his Broadway career as substitute rehearsal pianist for West Side Story. The stage manager for West Side Story then asked Kander to play the auditions for her next show, Gypsy. During the auditions, Kander met the choreographer, Jerome Robbins, who suggested that Kander compose the dance music for the show in 1959. After that experience, he wrote dance arrangements for Irma la Douce in 1960.
  His first produced musical was A Family Affair, written with James and William Goldman. He met lyricist Fred Ebb in 1962 and began a songwriting collaboration that would last for more than four decades. Later that year rising star Barbra Streisand recorded two of the duo's songs, "My Coloring Book" and "I Don't Care Much." In 1965, Kander and Ebb landed their first show on Broadway, Flora the Red Menace, produced by Hal Prince, directed by George Abbott, and with book by George Abbott and Robert Russell,^{[disambiguation needed ]} in which Liza Minnelli made her initial Broadway appearance. Kander and Ebb have since been associated with writing material for both Liza Minnelli and Chita Rivera, and have produced special material for their appearances live and on television.
  
  wn.com/John_Kander
• Joshua Logan
  Joshua Lockwood Logan III (October 5, 1908 – July 12, 1988) was an American stage and film director and writer.
  Logan was born in Texarkana, Texas, the son of Susan (née Nabors) and Joshua Lockwood Logan. When he was three years old his father committed suicide. Logan, his mother, and younger sister, Mary Lee, then moved to his maternal grandparents’ home in Mansfield, Louisiana, which Logan used forty years later as the setting for his play The Wisteria Trees. Logan's mother remarried six years after his father's death and he then attended Culver Military Academy in Culver, Indiana, where his stepfather served on the staff. At school, he experienced his first drama class and felt at home. After his high school graduation he attended Princeton University. At Princeton, he was involved with the intercollegiate summer stock company, known as the University Players, with fellow student James Stewart and also non-student Henry Fonda. During his senior year he served as president of the Princeton Triangle Club. Before his graduation he won a scholarship to study in Moscow with Constantin Stanislavsky, and Logan left school without a diploma.
  
  wn.com/Joshua_Logan
• Jule Styne
  Jule Styne (December 31, 1905 – September 20, 1994) was a British-born American songwriter especially famous for a series of Broadway musicals, which included several very well known and frequently revived shows.
  Styne was born in London, England as Julius Kerwin Stein of Jewish immigrants from Ukraine. At the age of eight he moved with his family to Chicago, where at an early age he began taking piano lessons. He proved to be a prodigy and performed with the Chicago, St. Louis, and Detroit Symphonies before he was ten years old.
  Styne attended Chicago Musical College, but before then he had already attracted attention of another teenager, Mike Todd, later a successful film producer, who commissioned him to write a song for a musical act that he was creating. It would be the first of over 1,500 published songs Styne would compose in his career.
  Styne established his own dance band, which brought him to the notice of Hollywood, where he was championed by Frank Sinatra and where he began a collaboration with lyricist Sammy Cahn, with whom he wrote many songs for the movies, including "It's Been a Long, Long Time" (#1 for 3 weeks for Harry James and His Orchestra in 1945), "Five Minutes More," and the Oscar-winning "Three Coins in the Fountain". He collaborated on the score for the 1955 musical film My Sister Eileen with Leo Robin. Ten of his songs were nominated for the Oscar, many written with Cahn, including "I've Heard That Song Before" (#1 for 13 weeks for Harry James and His Orchestra in 1943), "I'll Walk Alone", "It's Magic" (a #2 hit for Doris Day in 1948) and "I Fall in Love Too Easily".
  
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  Kurt Weill
  Kurt Julian Weill (March 2, 1900 – April 3, 1950) was a German-Jewish composer, active from the 1920s, and in his later years in the United States. He was a leading composer for the stage who was best known for his fruitful collaborations with Bertolt Brecht. With Brecht, he developed productions such as his most well known work The Threepenny Opera, a Marxist critique of capitalism, which included the ballad "Mack the Knife". Weill was a socialist^{[unreliable source?]} who held the ideal of writing music that served a socially useful purpose. He also wrote a number of works for the concert hall, as well as several Judaism-themed pieces.
  Kurt Julian Weill was born on March 2, 1900, the third of four children to Albert Weill (1867–1950) and Emma Weill née Ackermann (1872–1955). He grew up in a religious Jewish family in the "Sandvorstadt", the Jewish quarter in Dessau, Germany, where his father was a cantor. At the age of twelve, Kurt Weill started taking piano lessons and made his first attempts at writing music; his earliest preserved composition was written in 1913 and is titled Mi Addir. Jewish Wedding Song.
  
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  Lew Fields
  Lew Fields (January 1867 - July 20, 1941, Beverly Hills, California), born as Moses Schoenfeld, was an American actor, comedian, vaudeville star, theatre manager and producer.
  Fields was half of the great comic duo Weber and Fields, the other half being Joe Weber. Fields and Weber started performing in museums, circuses and variety houses in New York City. The young men had a "Dutch act" in which both portrayed German immigrants. Such "dialect acts" (German dialects, Irish dialects, Jewish/Yiddish dialects, Blackface and Black/African American vernacular English) were extremely common at the time, the comedy coming from the actors' mangling of the English language and dropping of malapropisms as they undertook life in America.
  In the case of Weber and Fields (or "Mike and Meyer" as their characters were known) and many of the other acts of this genre, this often involved stereotyping by dress and behavior, as well as comedic and often sympathetic portrayals of the characters' attempts to fit into American society. "Crafty schemes" of "making it big" in America, as well as the attempts of mere survival of immigrant poverty in America, were written into the script of these acts. A typical "Mike and Meyer" routine involved Mike, the short and clever one, unsuccessfully trying to coach Meyer, the tall and simple one, in a scheme to get them a free lunch at a working-class saloon.
  
  wn.com/Lew_Fields
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  Lorenz Hart
  Lorenz Milton Hart (May 2, 1895 – November 22, 1943) was the lyricist half of the famed Broadway songwriting team Rodgers and Hart. Some of his more famous lyrics include "Blue Moon," "Mountain Greenery," "The Lady Is a Tramp," "Manhattan," "Where or When," "Bewitched, Bothered, and Bewildered," "Falling in Love with Love," "My Funny Valentine," "I Could Write a Book", "This Can't Be Love", "With a Song in My Heart", "It Never Entered My Mind", and "Isn't It Romantic?".
  Hart was born in Harlem, the older of two sons, to Jewish immigrant parents, Max M. and Frieda (Isenberg) Hart, of German background. His father, a business promoter, sent Hart and his brother to private schools. (His brother, Teddy Hart, also went into theater and became a musical comedy star. His wife, Dorothy Hart, wrote a biography of Lorenz Hart.)
  Hart attended Columbia University School of Journalism for two years. A friend introduced him to Richard Rodgers, and the two joined forces to write songs for a series of amateur and student productions.
  
  wn.com/Lorenz_Hart
• Mack Gordon
  Mack Gordon (born Morris Gittler, June 21, 1904 – March 1, 1959) was an American composer and lyricist of songs for the stage and film. He was nominated for the best original song Oscar nine times, including six consecutive years between 1940 and 1945, and won the award once, for "You'll Never Know". That song has proved amongst his most enduring and remains popular in films and television commercials to this day. "At Last" is another of his best-known songs.
  Gordon was born in Warsaw and moved to New York City as a child. He appeared as a vaudeville actor and singer in the late 1920s and early 1930s but his songwriting talents were always paramount. He formed a partnership with English pianist Harry Revel that lasted throughout the 1930s. In the 1940s he worked with a string of other composers including Harry Warren.
  The Internet Movie Database states that Gordon's songs have been used in the soundtrack of over 100 films, Gordon writing specifically for at least 50 of them. His catalogue includes more than 120 songs sung by some of the world's most famous and talented performers such as Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Etta James, Glenn Miller, Barbra Streisand, Christina Aguilera, Mel Tormé, Nat King Cole, and many more. His friendship with many of his artists (such as Frank Sinatra and the Rat Pack) and his ability to write lyrics that were timeless allowed him to become a famous member of the world of music and a renowned lyricist. Thus there is perhaps no surprise that his exhibit in the Songwriters Hall of Fame says he is "arguably one of the most successful lyricists to write for the screen". He was entombed in Corridor of Immortality at Home of Peace Cemetery.
  
  wn.com/Mack_Gordon
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  Marc Connelly
  Marcus Cook Connelly (13 December 1890 – 21 December 1980) was an American playwright, director, producer, performer, and lyricist. He was a key member of the Algonquin Round Table, and received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1930.
  Connelly was born to actor and hotelier Patrick Joseph Connelly and actress Mabel Louise Cook in McKeesport, Pennsylvania. He began writing plays at the age of five, and would later become a journalist for the Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph until he moved to New York City. In 1919 he joined the Algonquin Round Table.
  Connelly had contributed to several Broadway musicals before teaming up with his most important collaborator, George S. Kaufman, in 1921. During their four-year partnership, they wrote five comedies – Dulcy (1921), To the Ladies (1922), Merton of the Movies (1922), The Deep Tangled Wildwood (1923) and Beggar on Horseback (1924) – and also co-directed and contributed sketches to the 1922 revue The '49ers, collaborated on the book to the musical comedy Helen of Troy, New York (1923), and wrote both the book and lyrics for another musical comedy, Be Yourself (1924).
  
  wn.com/Marc_Connelly
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  Marian Anderson
  Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897 – April 8, 1993) was an African-American contralto and one of the most celebrated singers of the twentieth century. Music critic Alan Blyth said "Her voice was a rich, vibrant contralto of intrinsic beauty." Most of her singing career was spent performing in concert and recital in major music venues and with famous orchestras throughout the United States and Europe between 1925 and 1965. Although offered roles with many important European opera companies, Anderson declined, as she had no training in acting. She preferred to perform in concert and recital only. She did, however, perform opera arias within her concerts and recitals. She made many recordings that reflected her broad performance repertoire of everything from concert literature to lieder to opera to traditional American songs and spirituals.
  Anderson became an important figure in the struggle for black artists to overcome racial prejudice in the United States during the mid-twentieth century. In 1939, the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) refused permission for Anderson to sing to an integrated audience in Constitution Hall. The incident placed Anderson into the spotlight of the international community on a level unusual for a classical musician. With the aid of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt, Anderson performed a critically acclaimed open-air concert on Easter Sunday, April 9, 1939, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. She sang before a crowd of more than 75,000 people and a radio audience in the millions. Anderson continued to break barriers for black artists in the United States, becoming the first black person, American or otherwise, to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City on January 7, 1955. Her performance as Ulrica in Giuseppe Verdi's Un ballo in maschera at the Met was the only time she sang an opera role on stage.
  
  wn.com/Marian_Anderson
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  Martha Graham
  Martha Graham (May 11, 1894 – April 1, 1991) was an American modern dancer and choreographer whose influence on dance has been compared with the influence Picasso had on modern visual arts,Stravinsky had on music, or Frank Lloyd Wright had on architecture.
  She danced and choreographed for over seventy years. Graham was the first dancer ever to perform at the White House, travel abroad as a cultural ambassador, and receive the highest civilian award of the USA: the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In her lifetime she received honors ranging from the Key to the City of Paris to Japan's Imperial Order of the Precious Crown. She said, "I have spent all my life with dance and being a dancer. It's permitting life to use you in a very intense way. Sometimes it is not pleasant. Sometimes it is fearful. But nevertheless it is inevitable."^{[citation needed]}
  Graham was born in Allegheny City, which today is part of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1894. Her father George Graham was what in the Victorian era was known as an "alienist", a practitioner of an early form of psychiatry. The Grahams were strict Presbyterians. Dr. Graham was a third generation American of Irish descent and her mother Jane Beers was a tenth generation descendant of Puritan Miles Standish.
  
  wn.com/Martha_Graham
• Martin Charnin
  Martin Charnin (born November 24, 1934) is an American lyricist, writer, and theatre director. Charnin's best-known work is as conceiver, director and lyricist of the hit musical Annie.
  Born in New York City, he graduated from The High School of Music & Art and then from The Cooper Union, where he got his BFA. Charnin began his theatrical career as a performer, appearing as "Big Deal", one of the Jets in the original production of West Side Story. He played the role for 1000 performances on Broadway and on the road. After completing his duties in West Side Story, he wrote music and lyrics for numerous off-Broadway and Cabaret revues, many of them for Julius Monk. He then went on to write, direct, and produce nightclub acts for Dionne Warwick, Nancy Wilson, Mary Travers, Larry Kert, Jose Ferrer, and Leslie Uggams. His first Broadway musical was in 1963, as the lyricist for Hot Spot starring Judy Holliday, with music by Mary Rodgers.
  
  wn.com/Martin_Charnin
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  Marvin Hamlisch
  Marvin Frederick Hamlisch (born June 2, 1944) is an American composer. He is one of only eleven people to have been awarded Emmys, Grammys, Oscars, and a Tony. He is also one of only two people to have won those four prizes and also a Pulitzer Prize (the other is Richard Rodgers). Hamlisch has also won two Golden Globes.
  Hamlisch was born in New York City to Viennese Jewish parents: Lilly Schachter and Max Hamlisch. His father was an accordionist and bandleader. Hamlisch was a child prodigy, and by age five he began mimicking music he heard on the radio on the piano. A few months before he turned seven, in 1951, he was accepted into what is now the Juilliard School Pre-College Division. His first job was as a rehearsal pianist for Funny Girl with Barbra Streisand. Shortly after that, he was hired by producer Sam Spiegel to play piano at Spiegel's parties. This connection led to his first film score, The Swimmer. His favorite musicals growing up were My Fair Lady, Gypsy, West Side Story, and Bye Bye Birdie.
  
  wn.com/Marvin_Hamlisch
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  Mary Martin
  Mary Virginia Martin (December 1, 1913 – November 3, 1990) was an American actress and singer. She originated many roles over her career including Nellie Forbush in South Pacific and Maria in The Sound of Music. She was named a Kennedy Center Honoree in 1989. She was also the mother of actor Larry Hagman.
  Mary Martin's life as a child, as she describes it in her autobiography My Heart Belongs, was secure and happy. She had close relationships with both her mother and father, as well as her siblings. Her autobiography details how the young actress had an instinctive ear for recreating musical sounds.
  Martin's father, Preston Martin, was a lawyer and her mother, Juanita Presley, was a violin teacher. Although the doctors told Juanita that she would risk her life if she attempted to have another baby, she was determined to have a boy. Instead, she had Mary, who became quite a tomboy. Her birth was an event as all of the neighbors gathered around Juanita's bedroom window, waiting for the raising of a curtain to signal the baby’s arrival.
  
  wn.com/Mary_Martin
• Mary Rodgers
  Mary Rodgers (born January 11, 1931) is an American composer of musicals and an author of children's books. She is a daughter of composer Richard Rodgers and his wife, Dorothy Rodgers, as is her sister, Linda Rodgers Emory. She attended the private girls' school Brearley School in New York City and majored in music at Wellesley College.
  Rodgers wrote the music for musicals and revues including Once Upon a Mattress (1959), From A to Z (1960), Hot Spot (1963), The Mad Show (1966), Working (1978), and Phyllis Newman's one-woman show The Madwoman of Central Park West (1979). A revue of Rodgers' music titled Hey, Love, conceived and directed by Richard Maltby, Jr. ran in June 1993 at Eighty-Eight's in New York City.
  She eventually transitioned into writing children's books, most notably, Freaky Friday (1972), which was made into a feature film (released 1977) for which Rodgers wrote the screenplay. She later explained, "I had a pleasant talent but not an incredible talent....I was not my father or my son. And you have to abandon all kinds of things." Rodgers' children's books include Summer Switch, A Billion for Boris (later republished under the title ESP TV), and The Rotten Book, and she contributed songs to the landmark children's album Free to Be... You and Me.
  
  wn.com/Mary_Rodgers
• Maxwell Anderson
  James Maxwell Anderson (15 December 1888 – 28 February 1959) was an American playwright, author, poet, journalist and lyricist.
  Anderson was born in Atlantic, Pennsylvania, the second of eight children to William Lincoln "Link" Anderson, a Baptist minister, and Charlotte Perrimela Stephenson, both of Scots and Irish descent. His family initially lived on his maternal grandmother Sheperd's farm in Atlantic, then moved to Andover, Ohio, where his father became a railroad fireman while studying to become a minister. They moved often, to follow their father's ministerial posts, and Maxwell was frequently sick, missing a great deal of school. He used his time sick in bed to read voraciously, and both his parents and Aunt Emma were storytellers, which contributed to Anderson's love of literature.
  During a visit to his grandmother's house in Atlantic, at age 11, he met the first love of his life, Hallie Loomis, a slightly older girl from a wealthier family. His autobiographical tale, Morning, Winter and Night told of rape, incest and sadomasochism on the farm. It was published under a pseudonym, John Nairne Michealson, to prevent offending family. The Andersons bounced between Andover, Ohio, Richmond Center, Ohio, Townville, Pa., Edinboro, Pa., McKeesport, Pa., New Brighton, Pa., Harrisburg, Pa., to Jamestown, North Dakota in 1907, where Anderson attended Jamestown High School, graduating in 1908.
  
  wn.com/Maxwell_Anderson
• Mitch Leigh
  Mitch Leigh (born January 30, 1928) is an American musical theatre composer and theatrical producer best known for the musical Man Of La Mancha.
  Leigh was born in Brooklyn, New York) as Irwin Michnick. He graduated from Yale in 1951 with a Bachelor of Music, and in 1952 received his Master of Music under Paul Hindemith.
  He began his career as a jazz musician and writing commercials for radio and television. In 1965 he teamed with lyricist Joe Darion and writer Dale Wasserman to write a musical based on Wasserman's 1959 television play, I, Don Quixote. The resulting show, the musical Man Of La Mancha opened on Broadway in 1965 and in its original engagement ran for 2,328 performances.
  Leigh's next show was Chu Chem. This show followed Man of La Mancha by exactly one year, but closed on the road. Produced by Leigh, it opened on Broadway in 1989 for 68 performances.
  Cry for Us All, based on the play, Hogan's Goat, opened on Broadway in 1970 but ran for 9 performances. Leigh was the producer as well as composer. His next musical was Home Sweet Homer, starring Yul Brynner, which opened on Broadway officially in January 1976 but closed after 1 performance. He produced as well as was the composer for Saravà which ran for 101 performances in 1979. Leigh both produced and directed the 1985 revival of The King and I starring Yul Brynner. Lee Adams asked Leigh to collaborate on a musical, entitled Mike, about producer Mike Todd, but it closed on its pre-Broadway tryout in 1988. After renaming it Ain't Broadway Grand!, the show made it to Broadway, but closed after 25 performances in 1993.
  
  wn.com/Mitch_Leigh
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  Morrie Ryskind
  Morrie Ryskind (born October 20, 1895, New York City — died August 24, 1985, Washington, D.C.) was an American dramatist, lyricist and writer of theatrical productions and motion pictures, who became a conservative political activist later in life.
  Ryskind attended Columbia University but was suspended shortly before he was due to graduate after he called university president Nicholas Murray Butler "Czar Nicholas" in the pages of the humor magazine Jester in 1917. Ryskind was criticizing Butler for refusing to allow Count Nikolai Tolstoy, nephew of Leo Tolstoy, to speak on campus.
  From 1927 to 1945, Ryskind was author of numerous scripts and musical lyrics for Broadway theatrical productions and Hollywood motion pictures, and, later, directed a number of such productions, as well. He collaborated with George S. Kaufman on several Broadway hits. In 1933, he earned the Pulitzer Prize (receiving the prize from the same Nicholas Murray Butler who had suspended him from Columbia University) for Drama for the Broadway production Of Thee I Sing, a musical written in collaboration with composer George Gershwin.
  
  wn.com/Morrie_Ryskind
• Moss Hart
  Moss Hart (October 24, 1904 – December 20, 1961) was an American playwright and theatre director, best known for his interpretations of musical theater on Broadway.
  Hart was born in New York City and grew up at 74 East 105th Street in Manhattan, “a neighborhood not of carriages and hansom cabs, but of dray wagons, pushcarts, and immigrants.” He was also raised, in relative poverty, by his English-born Jewish immigrant parents in the Bronx, New York, and in the Seagate area of Brooklyn, near Coney Island.
  Early on he had a strong relationship with his Aunt Kate, with whom he later lost contact due to a falling out between her and his parents, and her weakening mental state. She piqued his interest in the theater and took him to see performances often. Hart even went so far as to create an "alternate ending" to her life in his book Act One. He writes that she died while he was working on out-of-town tryouts for The Beloved Bandit. Later, Kate became quite eccentric, vandalizing Hart's home, writing threatening letters and setting fires backstage during rehearsals for Jubilee. But his relationship with Kate was life-forming. He understood that the theater made possible "the art of being somebody else… not a scrawny boy with bad teeth, a funny name… and a mother who was a distant drudge."
  
  wn.com/Moss_Hart
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  Oscar Hammerstein II
  Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein II ( /ˈhæmərstaɪn/; July 12, 1895 – August 23, 1960) was an American librettist, theatrical producer, and (usually uncredited) theatre director of musicals for almost forty years. Hammerstein won eight Tony Awards and was twice awarded an Academy Award for "Best Original Song". Many of his songs are standard repertoire for singers and jazz musicians. He co-wrote 850 songs. Hammerstein was the lyricist and playwright in his partnerships; his collaborators wrote the music. Hammerstein collaborated with composers Jerome Kern, Vincent Youmans, Rudolf Friml and Sigmund Romberg, but his most famous collaboration was with Richard Rodgers.
  Hammerstein was born Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein in New York City, the son of Alice (née Nimmo) and William Hammerstein. His grandfather was German-born Jewish theater impresario Oscar Hammerstein I, and his mother was the daughter of Scottish and English parents. Hammerstein was raised an Episcopalian.^{[citation needed]}
  
  wn.com/Oscar_Hammerstein_II
• Peter Melnick
  Peter Rodgers Melnick (born July 24, 1958) is a composer for film, television and musical theatre.
  Melnick is the son of Daniel Melnick and Linda Rodgers, and grandson of Richard Rodgers.
  Melnick grew up in New York City. He graduated from The Choate School (which later merged with Rosemary Hall to become Choate Rosemary Hall) and attended Harvard College,Berklee College of Music, and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. He also studied jazz with the Jaki Byard.
  Melnick now lives in Montecito, California, with wife, Laini and their two children.
  Some of Melnick’s earlier film score credits include L.A. Story, The Only Thrill, Convicts, and Farce of the Penguins. His television credits include the PBS's, Cinema's Exiles: From Hitler to Hollywood, Indictment: The McMartin Trial, Grand Avenue, and Lily Dale by Horton Foote.
  More recently Melnick he has returned to musical theater.^[when?]
  His first produced musical was Adrift in Macao, featuring script and lyrics by Christopher Durang. Melnick then collaborated with Bill Russell on The Last Smoker in America, a musical comedy about a dysfunctional family struggling with a new law forbidding smoking. It opened in Columbus, Ohio in fall 2010.
  
  wn.com/Peter_Melnick
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  Ray Bradbury
  Ray Douglas Bradbury (born August 22, 1920) is an American fantasy, horror, science fiction, and mystery writer. Best known for his dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451 (1953) and for the science fiction stories gathered together as The Martian Chronicles (1950) and The Illustrated Man (1951), Bradbury is one of the most celebrated among 20th and 21st century American writers of speculative fiction. Many of Bradbury's works have been adapted into television shows or films.
  Bradbury was born in 1920 in Waukegan, Illinois to Esther Moberg Bradbury, a Swedish immigrant, and Leonard Spaulding Bradbury, a power and telephone lineman.
  Ray Bradbury is related to the American Shakespeare scholar Douglas Spaulding. He is also directly descended from Mary Bradbury, who was tried, convicted and sentenced to hang as a witch in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. She was married to Captain Thomas Bradbury of Salisbury, Massachusetts.
  Bradbury was a reader and writer throughout his youth who was greatly influenced by the writings of Edgar Allan Poe. Bradbury was especially impressed with Poe's ability to draw readers into his works. In his youth, he spent much time in the Carnegie library in Waukegan, Illinois, reading such authors as H.G. Wells, Jules Verne, and his favorite author, Edgar Rice Burroughs who wrote novels such as Tarzan of the Apes and The Warlord of Mars. He loved Burroughs' The Warlord of Mars so much that at the age of twelve he wrote his own sequel. An aunt read him short stories when he was a child. He used this library as a setting for much of his novel Something Wicked This Way Comes, and depicted Waukegan as "Green Town" in some of his other semi-autobiographical novels—Dandelion Wine, Farewell Summer—as well as in many of his short stories.
  
  wn.com/Ray_Bradbury
• Ray Evans
  Raymond Bernard Evans (February 4, 1915 – February 15, 2007) was an American songwriter. He was a partner in a composing and songwriting duo with Jay Livingston, known for the songs they composed for films. Evans wrote the lyrics and Livingston the music for the songs.
  Evans, who was born Jewish, but later moved away from organized religion, citing it as a major cause of violence in the world was born in Salamanca, New York. He was valedictorian of his high school class, where he played clarinet in the band, and received a bachelor's degree in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School in 1937. He was elected that same year to Pi Gamma Mu, the honor society in the social sciences for his outstanding academic performance at the Wharton School.
  Livingston and Evans, both members of ASCAP, won three Academy Awards, in 1948 for the song "Buttons and Bows", written for the movie The Paleface; in 1950 for the song "Mona Lisa", written for the movie Captain Carey, U.S.A.; and in 1956 for the song "Que Sera Sera", featured in the Alfred Hitchcock movie The Man Who Knew Too Much and sung by Doris Day. Another popular song that he and Livingston wrote for a film was the song "Tammy", written for the 1957 movie Tammy and the Bachelor. The song was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song. Livingston and Evans also wrote popular TV themes for shows including Bonanza and Mr. Ed. Their Christmas song Silver Bells intended for the 1951 Bob Hope film The Lemon Drop Kid, has become a Christmas standard.
  
  wn.com/Ray_Evans
• Ray Gilbert
  Ray Gilbert (5 September 1912, Hartford, Connecticut – 3 March 1976, Los Angeles, California) was a lyricist.
  Gilbert is best remembered for the lyrics to the Oscar winning song "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah" from the film Song of the South, which he wrote with Allie Wrubel in 1947.
  He married actress Janis Paige in 1962.
  Daughter, actress and singer Joanne Gilbert, July 17,1932
  
  wn.com/Ray_Gilbert
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  Richard Rodgers
  Richard Charles Rodgers (June 28, 1902 – December 31, 1979) was an American composer of music for more than 900 songs and for 43 Broadway musicals. He also composed music for films and television. He is best known for his songwriting partnerships with the lyricists Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II. His compositions have had a significant impact on popular music down to the present day, and have an enduring broad appeal.
  Rodgers was the first person to win what are considered the top show business awards in television, recording, movies and Broadway—an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony—now known collectively as an EGOT. He has also won a Pulitzer Prize, making him one of two people (Marvin Hamlisch is the other) to receive each award.
  Born into a prosperous ethnic German Jewish family in Arverne, Queens, New York City, Rodgers was the son of Mamie Levy and Dr. William Abrahams Rodgers, a prominent physician who had changed the family name from Abrahams. Richard began playing the piano at age six. He attended P.S. 10, Townsend Harris Hall and DeWitt Clinton High School. Rodgers spent his early teenage summers in Camp Wigwam (Waterford, Maine) where he composed some of his first songs.
  
  wn.com/Richard_Rodgers
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  Richard Rogers
  Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside CH Kt FRIBA FCSD (born 23 July 1933) is a British architect noted for his modernist and functionalist designs.
  Rogers is perhaps best known for his work on the Pompidou Centre in Paris, the Lloyd's building and Millennium Dome both in London, and the European Court of Human Rights building in Strasbourg. He is a winner of the RIBA Gold Medal, the Thomas Jefferson Medal, the RIBA Stirling Prize, the Minerva Medal and Pritzker Prize.
  Rogers was born in Florence in 1933 and attended the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, before graduating with a master's degree from the Yale School of Architecture in 1962. While studying at Yale, Rogers met fellow architecture student Norman Foster and planning student Su Brumwell. On returning to England he, Foster and Brumwell set up architectural practice as Team 4 with Wendy Cheeseman (Brumwell later married Rogers, Cheeseman married Foster). Rogers and Foster earned a reputation for what was later termed by the media high-tech architecture.
  
  wn.com/Richard_Rogers
• Robert E. Sherwood
  Robert Emmet Sherwood (4 April 1896 – 4 November 1955) was an American playwright, editor, and screenwriter.
  Born in New Rochelle, New York, he was a son of Arthur Murray Sherwood, a rich stockbroker, and his wife, the former Rosina Emmet, a well-known illustrator and portrait painter known as Rosina E. Sherwood. He was a great-great-grandson of the former New York State Attorney General Thomas Addis Emmet and a great-grandnephew of the Irish nationalist Robert Emmet who was executed for high treason in an abortive rebellion attempt against the British. His aunts included the notable American portrait artists Lydia Field Emmet, Jane Emmet de Glehn and his first cousin, once removed, was artist Ellen Emmet Rand.
  Sherwood was educated at Milton Academy and then Harvard University. He fought with the Canadian Black Watch in Europe during World War I and was wounded. After his return to the U.S., he began working as a movie critic for such magazines as Life and Vanity Fair. The career of Robert E. Sherwood as a critic in the 1920s is discussed in For the Love of Movies: The Story of American Film Criticism by Time critic Richard Schickel who also tells how Sherwood was the first New York critic invited to Hollywood by cross-country train to meet the stars and directors.
  
  wn.com/Robert_E._Sherwood
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  Rosemary Clooney
  Rosemary Clooney (May 23, 1928 – June 29, 2002) was an American singer and actress. She came to prominence in the early 1950s with the novelty hit "Come On-a My House" written by William Saroyan and his cousin Ross Bagdasarian (better known as David Seville, the father figure of Alvin and the Chipmunks), which was followed by other pop numbers such as "Botch-a-Me" (a cover version of the Italian song Ba-Ba-Baciami Piccina by Alberto Rabagliati), "Mambo Italiano", "Tenderly", "Half as Much", "Hey There" and "This Ole House", although she had success as a jazz vocalist. Clooney's career languished in the 1960s, partly due to problems related to depression and drug addiction, but revived in 1977, when her White Christmas co-star Bing Crosby asked her to appear with him at a show marking his 50th anniversary in show business. She continued recording until her death in 2002. She was the aunt of Academy Award winning actor George Clooney.
  Clooney was born in Maysville, Kentucky, the daughter of Marie Frances (Guilfoyle) and Andrew Joseph Clooney. Her father was of Irish and German descent and her mother was of Irish and English ancestry. She was raised Catholic. When Clooney was fifteen, her mother and brother, Nick, moved to California. She and her sister, Betty, remained with their father.^{[citation needed]} The family resided in the John Brett Richeson House in the late 1940s.
  
  wn.com/Rosemary_Clooney
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  Rouben Mamoulian
  Rouben Zachary Mamoulian (pronounced: roo-BEN ma-mool-YAN; October 8, 1897 – December 4, 1987) was an Armenian-American film and theatre director.
  Mamoulian was born in Tbilisi, Georgia (ruled at that time by imperial Russia) to an Armenian family. His mother, Virginia (née Kalantarian), was a director of the Armenian theater, and his father, Zachary Mamoulian, was a bank president. Mamoulian relocated to England and started directing plays in London in 1922. He was brought to America the next year by Vladimir Rosing to teach at the Eastman School of Music and was involved in directing opera and theatre.
  In 1925, Mamoulian was head of the School of Drama, where Martha Graham was also working at the time. Among other performances, together they produced a short two-color film called The Flute of Krishna, featuring Eastman students. Mamoulian left Eastman shortly thereafter and Graham chose to leave also, even though she was asked to stay on. In 1930, Mamoulian became a naturalized citizen of the United States.
  
  wn.com/Rouben_Mamoulian
• Russel Crouse
  Russel Crouse (20 February 1893 – 3 April 1966) was an American playwright and librettist, best known for his work in the Broadway writing partnership of Lindsay and Crouse.
  Born in Findlay, Ohio, Crouse was the son of Sarah (née Schumacher) and Hiram Powers Crouse, a newspaperman. He began his Broadway career in 1928 as an actor in the play Gentlemen of the Press, in which he played Bellflower. By 1931, however, he had turned his attention to writing, penning the book for the musical The Gang's All Here, collaborating with Frank McCoy, Morrie Ryskind and Oscar Hammerstein II. His first work with his long-time partner Howard Lindsay came in 1934, when the two men revised the P. G. Wodehouse/Guy Bolton book for the Cole Porter musical Anything Goes. They then went on to adapt Clarence Day's "Life With Father" which became one of the longest running Broadway plays.
  Later, Lindsay and Crouse became Broadway producers, often acting in that capacity for their own work, and also owned and operated the Hudson Theatre on 44th Street in New York.
  
  wn.com/Russel_Crouse
• Ruth Tester
  Ruth Tester (August 17, 1903 – March 21, 1993) was a singer and dancer in Broadway musicals of the 1920s and 1930s. Tester was born on August 17, 1903. She was married for 59 years to Fredrick Carothers. In her later years, Tester and her husband, Carothers, lived in Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts. Carothers worked as a sales executive, and predeceased Testor in 1990. Tester sang "Sing Something Simple" in the "The Garrick Gaieties" of 1930 at the Guild Theatre in New York City and performed with Rosalind Russell and Imogene Coca. She also sang and danced in the short subject film, "Makers of Melody (1929)", with Allan Gould singing the Rodgers and Hart song "Manhattan", often called, "I'll Take Manhattan". Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart appeared in this short as themselves. Manhattan was Rodgers and Hart's first hit and started them as a team. Tester died at the age of 89 in a nursing home in Weston, Massachusetts on March 21, 1993.
  
  wn.com/Ruth_Tester
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  Scott Joplin
  Scott Joplin (ca. 1867/1868? – April 1, 1917) was an American composer and pianist. Joplin achieved fame for his ragtime compositions, and was later dubbed "The King of Ragtime". During his brief career, Joplin wrote 44 original ragtime pieces, one ragtime ballet, and two operas. One of his first pieces, the Maple Leaf Rag, became ragtime's first and most influential hit, and has been recognized as the archetypal rag.
  Joplin was born into a musical African American family of laborers in Northeast Texas, and developed his musical knowledge with the help of local teachers, most notably Julius Weiss. Joplin grew up in Texarkana, where he formed a vocal quartet, and taught mandolin and guitar. During the late 1880s he left his job as a laborer with the railroad, and travelled around the American South as an itinerant musician. He went to Chicago for the World's Fair of 1893, which played a major part in making ragtime a national craze by 1897.
  Joplin moved to Sedalia, Missouri in 1894, and earned a living teaching piano and going on tour across the Southern US. In Sedalia, he taught future ragtime composers Arthur Marshall, Scott Hayden and Brun Campbell. Joplin began publishing music in 1895, and publication of his Maple Leaf Rag in 1899 brought him fame and had a profound influence on subsequent writers of ragtime. It also brought the composer a steady income for life. During his lifetime, Joplin did not reach this level of success again and frequently had financial problems.
  
  wn.com/Scott_Joplin
• 
  Sheldon Harnick
  Sheldon Harnick (born April 30, 1924) is an American lyricist best known for his collaborations with composer Jerry Bock on hit musicals such as Fiddler on the Roof.
  Harnick began his career writing words and music to comic songs in musical revues. One of these, "The Merry Minuet", was popularized by the Kingston Trio. It is in the caustic style usually associated with Tom Lehrer and is sometimes incorrectly attributed to him.
  Harnick began writing music while still in Carl Schurz High School. After his Army service, he graduated from the Northwestern University School of Music (1946-1949) with a Bachelor of Music Degree, and worked with various orchestras in the Chicago area. He then moved to New York City and wrote for many musicals and revues.
  Around 1956, Harnick met Jerry Bock, forming "what is arguably the most important musical partnership of the '60s." Their first musical was The Body Beautiful, running for only 60 performances in 1958, but Fiorello! (1959) ran for 795 performances and won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Fiddler on the Roof (1964) "became one of the most cherished of all Broadway musicals."
  
  wn.com/Sheldon_Harnick
• Sidney Kingsley
  Sidney Kingsley (22 October 1906 - 20 March 1995) was an American dramatist. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play Men in White in 1934.
  Kingsley was born Sidney Kirschner in New York. He studied at Cornell University, where he began his career writing plays for the college dramatic club. He joined the Group Theater for the production of his first major work. In 1933 the company performed his play Men in White. Set in a hospital, the play dealt with the issue of illegal abortion, 1930s medical and surgical practices and the struggle of one promising physician who must choose to dedicate his life to medicine or devote himself to his fiancee. The play was a box-office smash.
  Kingsley followed this success with the play Dead End in 1935. A story about slum housing and its connection to crime, the piece was also fairly successful, eventually spawning the Dead End Kids. The two plays which followed, the anti-war Ten Million Ghosts of 1936 and The World We Make of 1939, were flops and had short runs. But in 1943 Kingsley returned to his previous success with the historical drama The Patriots. This play, which told the story of Thomas Jefferson and his activities in the young American republic, won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Play. Kingsley continued writing for the theater late into his career, adapting Arthur Koestler's novel Darkness at Noon for the stage in 1951, and writing Lunatics and Lovers in 1954 and Night Life in 1962.
  
  wn.com/Sidney_Kingsley
• Stephen Sondheim
  Stephen Joshua Sondheim ( /ˈsɒnd.haɪm/) (born March 22, 1930) is an American composer and lyricist known for his contributions to musical theatre. He is the winner of an Academy Award, eight Tony Awards (more than any other composer) including the Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre, multiple Grammy Awards, a Pulitzer Prize and the Laurence Olivier Award. Described by Frank Rich of the New York Times as "the greatest, and perhaps best-known artist working in musical theatre", his most famous works include (as composer/lyricist) A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, Company, Follies, A Little Night Music, Sweeney Todd, Sunday in the Park with George and Into the Woods. He also wrote the lyrics for West Side Story and Gypsy.
  Sondheim has also written material for movies, including the 1981 Warren Beatty film Reds, contributing the song "Goodbye For Now". He also wrote five songs for the 1990 movie Dick Tracy, including "Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)", which won the Academy Award for Best Song.
  
  wn.com/Stephen_Sondheim
• 
  Susan Glaspell
  Susan Keating Glaspell (July 1, 1876 – July 27, 1948) was an American Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright, actress, director, novelist, biographer and poet. She was a founding member of the Provincetown Players, one of the most important collaboratives in the development of modern drama in the United States. She also served in the Works Progress Administration as Midwest Bureau Director of the Federal Theater Project.
  Her novels and plays are committed to developing deep, sympathetic characters, to understanding 'life' in its complexity. Though realism was the medium of her fiction, she was also greatly interested in philosophy and religion. Many of her characters make principled stands.
  As part of the Provincetown Players, she arranged for the first ever reading of a play by Eugene O'Neill.
  Glaspell was born in 1876 to Elmer S. Glaspell and Alice Keating in Davenport, Iowa. (The fabricated birth year of 1882 is sometimes seen.) She attended public schools in Davenport, and went on to graduate from Drake University in Des Moines with a Bachelor's degree in 1899. She worked as a reporter for a Des Moines paper, where she was appointed to report on the murder trial of John Hossack in 1900, which would be the basis for two of Glaspell's best remembered works, "A Jury of Her Peers" (1917), a short story, and the one-act-play Trifles (1916).
  
  wn.com/Susan_Glaspell
• 
  Tennessee Williams
  Thomas Lanier "Tennessee" Williams III (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983) was an American writer who worked principally as a playwright in the American theater. He also wrote short stories, novels, poetry, essays, screenplays and a volume of memoirs. His professional career lasted from the mid 1930s until his death in 1983, and saw the creation of many plays that are regarded as classics of the American stage. Williams adapted much of his best known work for the cinema.
  Williams received virtually all of the top theatrical awards for his works of drama, including several New York Drama Critics' Circle awards, a Tony Award for best play for The Rose Tattoo (1951) and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for A Streetcar Named Desire (1948) and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955). In 1980 he was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Jimmy Carter and is today acknowledged as one of the most accomplished playwrights in the history of English speaking theater.
  Theater scholar Charlotte Canning, of the University of Texas at Austin where Williams' archives are located, has said, "There is no more influential 20th-century American playwright than Tennessee Williams... He inspired future generations of writers as diverse as Suzan-Lori Parks, Tony Kushner, David Mamet and John Waters, and his plays remain among the most produced in the world."
  
  wn.com/Tennessee_Williams
• 
  Thelonious Monk
  Thelonious Sphere Monk (October 10, 1917 – February 17, 1982) was an American jazz pianist and composer considered one of the giants of American music. Monk had a unique improvisational style and made numerous contributions to the standard jazz repertoire, including "Epistrophy", "'Round Midnight", "Blue Monk", "Straight, No Chaser" and "Well, You Needn't". Monk is the second most recorded jazz composer after Duke Ellington, which is particularly remarkable as Ellington composed over 1,000 songs while Monk wrote about 70.
  His compositions and improvisations are full of dissonant harmonies and angular melodic twists, and are consistent with Monk's unorthodox approach to the piano, which combined a highly percussive attack with abrupt, dramatic use of silences and hesitations. This was not a style universally appreciated; poet and jazz critic Philip Larkin dismissed Monk as 'the elephant on the keyboard'.
  Monk's manner was idiosyncratic. Visually, he was renowned for his distinctive style in suits, hats and sunglasses. He was also noted for the fact that at times, while the other musicians in the band continued playing, he would stop, stand up from the keyboard and dance for a few moments before returning to the piano.
  
  wn.com/Thelonious_Monk
• 
  Thornton Wilder
  Thornton Niven Wilder (April 17, 1897 – December 7, 1975) was an American playwright and novelist. He won three Pulitzer Prizes—for the novel The Bridge of San Luis Rey and for the two plays Our Town and The Skin of Our Teeth—and a U.S. National Book Award for the novel The Eighth Day.
  Wilder was born in Madison, Wisconsin, the son of Amos Parker Wilder, a US diplomat, and Isabella Niven Wilder. All of the Wilder children spent part of their childhood in China because of their father's work.
  Thornton Wilder's older brother, Amos Niven Wilder, was Hollis Professor of Divinity at the Harvard Divinity School, a noted poet, and foundational to the development of the field theopoetics. Amos was also a nationally ranked tennis player who competed at the Wimbledon tennis championships in 1922. His sister, Isabel Wilder, was an accomplished writer. Both of his other sisters, Charlotte Wilder, a poet, and Janet Wilder Dakin, a zoologist, attended Mount Holyoke College and were excellent students. Additionally, Wilder had a twin brother who died at birth.
  
  wn.com/Thornton_Wilder
• 
  Victor Herbert
  Victor August Herbert (February 1, 1859 – May 26, 1924) was an Irish-born, German-raised American composer, cellist and conductor. Although Herbert enjoyed important careers as a cello soloist and conductor, he is best known for composing many successful operettas that premiered on Broadway from the 1890s to World War I. He was also prominent among the tin pan alley composers and was later a founder of the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP). A prolific composer, Herbert produced two operas, a cantata, 43 operettas, incidental music to 10 plays, 31 compositions for orchestra, nine band compositions, nine cello compositions, five violin compositions with piano or orchestra, 22 piano compositions and numerous songs, choral compositions and orchestrations of works by other composers, among other music.
  In the early 1880s, Herbert began a career as a cellist in Vienna, Austria, and Stuttgart, Germany, during which he began to compose orchestral music. Herbert and his opera singer wife, Therese Förster, moved to the U.S. in 1886 when both were engaged by the Metropolitan Opera. In the U.S., Herbert continued his performing career, while also teaching at the National Conservatory of Music, conducting and composing. His most notable instrumental compositions were his Cello Concerto No. 2 in E minor, Op. 30 (1894), which entered the standard repertoire, and his Auditorium Festival March (1901). He led the Pittsburgh Symphony from 1898 to 1904 and then founded the Victor Herbert Orchestra, which he conducted throughout the rest of his life.
  
  wn.com/Victor_Herbert
• 
  William Saroyan
  William Saroyan ( /səˈrɔɪ.ən/; Armenian: Ուիլյամ Սարոեան Vilyam Saroyan; 31 August 1908 – 18 May 1981) was an Armenian American dramatist and author. The setting of many of his stories and plays is the center of Armenian-American life in California in his native Fresno.
  Saroyan was born in Fresno, California, to Armenian immigrants who came to the United States from Bitlis, which was located in the Ottoman Empire. At the age of three, after his father's death, Saroyan, along with his brother and sister, was placed in an orphanage in Oakland, California. He later went on to describe his experience in the orphanage in his writings. Five years later, the family reunited in Fresno, where his mother, Takoohi, had already secured work at a cannery. He continued his education on his own, supporting himself with jobs, such as working as an office manager for the San Francisco Telegraph Company.
  Saroyan decided to become a writer after his mother showed him some of his father's writings. A few of his early short articles were published in Overland Monthly. His first stories appeared in the 1930s. Among these was "The Broken Wheel", written under the name Sirak Goryan and published in the Armenian journal Hairenik in 1933. Many of Saroyan's stories were based on his childhood experiences among the Armenian-American fruit growers of the San Joaquin Valley or dealt with the rootlessness of the immigrant. The short story collection My Name is Aram (1940), an international bestseller, was about a young boy and the colorful characters of his immigrant family. It has been translated into many languages.
  
  wn.com/William_Saroyan
• William Schuman
  William Howard Schuman (August 4, 1910 – February 15, 1992) was an American composer and music administrator.
  Born in Manhattan in New York City to Samuel and Rachel Schuman, Schuman was named after the twenty-seventh U.S. president, William Howard Taft, although his family preferred to call him Bill. Schuman played the violin and banjo as a child, but his overwhelming passion was baseball. While still in high school, he formed a dance band, "Billy Schuman and his Alamo Society Orchestra", that played local weddings and bar mitzvahs in which Schuman played string bass.
  In 1928 he entered New York University's School of Commerce to pursue a business degree, at the same time working for an advertising agency. He also wrote popular songs with E. B. Marks, Jr., a friend he had met long before at summer camp. About then Schuman met lyricist Frank Loesser and wrote some forty songs with him. Loesser's first published song, "In Love with a Memory of You", credits the music to William H. Schuman.
  
  wn.com/William_Schuman

• Overture
• Dites-moi
• A Cockeyed Optimist
• Twin Soliloquies
• Some Enchanted Evening
• Bloody Mary
• There Is Nothin' Like a Dame
• Bali Ha'i
• My Girl Back Home
• I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair
• Some Enchanted Evening (reprise)
• Wonderful Guy
• Bali Ha'i (reprise)
• Younger Than Springtime
• A Wonderful Guy (reprise)
• This Is How It Feels
• Finale Act I
• Entr'acte
• Happy Talk
• Younger than Springtime (reprise)
• Honey Bun
• You've Got To Be Carefully Taught
• This Nearly Was Mine
• Some Enchanted Evening (reprise)
• Honey Bun (reprise)
• Finale Ultimo

• Overture / The Sweetest Sounds
• The Prince Is Giving a Ball
• In My Own Little Corner
• Your Majesties
• Loneliness of Evening
• Boys and Girls Like You and Me
• Impossible / It's Possible
• Waltz for a Ball
• Ten Minutes Ago
• Stepsister's Lament
• Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful?
• Impossible (reprise)
• When You're Driving Through the Moonlight
• A Lovely Night
• There's Music in You
• Finale

• Overture
• Dites-moi / "Oh, and what's that flower over there?"
• A Cockeyed Optimist
• "So when you joined the Navy..."
• Twin Soliloquies
• "One waits so long for what is good"
• Some Enchanted Evening
• Dites-moi (reprise)
• Bloody Mary
• "Say, is that a boar's tooth bracelet on your wrist?"
• There Is Nothin' Like a Dame
• "Ah hello... you make trouble for me?"
• Bali Ha'i
• Bali Ha'i (reprise)
• "So tell us Nellie, what did old Ironbelly want?"
• I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair
• "Hello, is that a new American song?"
• Some Enchanted Evening (reprise)
• "Will you come to my party Friday?"
• A Wonderful Guy
• "What should I do, Captain?" / Bali Ha'i (reprise)
• "You wait, Lootellan..."
• Younger Than Springtime / Bali Ha'i (reprise)
• A Wonderful Guy (reprise)
• This Is How It Feels / A Cockeyed Optimist (reprise)
• Finale Act 1: Some Enchanted Evening (reprise)
• Entr'acte
• Happy Talk
• "It is my great pleasure to bring you our skipper..."
• Honey Bun
• You've Got to Be Carefully Taught
• This Nearly Was Mine
• "Well, de Beque, I take off pretty soon for Marie Louise..."
• Some Enchanted Evening (reprise)
• "All right, let's start those trucks" / Honey Bun (reprise)
• Finale Act 2: Dites-moi (reprise)

• Overture
• Dites-moi
• A Cockeyed Optimist
• Twin Soliloquies
• Some Enchanted Evening
• Bloody Mary
• There Is Nothin' Like a Dame
• Bali Ha'i
• I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair
• A Wonderful Guy
• Younger Than Springtime
• Bali Ha'i (reprise)
• Happy Talk
• Honey Bun
• You've Got to Be Carefully Taught
• This Nearly Was Mine
• Finale

• Bless Yore Beautiful Hide
• Wonderful, Wonderful Day
• Lonesome Polecat
• Goin' Co'tin'
• Sobbin' Women
• June Bride
• Spring, Spring, Spring
• When You're in Love
• So in Love
• Were Thine That Special Face
• Wunderbar
• I've Come to Wive It Wealthily in Padua
• Where Is the Life That Late I Led?
• I Can Do Without You
• Higher Than a Hawk
• Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
• The Surrey With the Fringe on Top
• Pore Jud Is Daid
• Oklahoma
• Make Believe
• Why Do I Love You?
• You Are Love
• The Girl That I Marry
• My Defences Are Down
• They Say It's Wonderful
• Anything You Can Do

• The Sweetest Sounds
• How Sad
• Loads of Love
• The Man Who Has Everything
• Be My Host
• La La La
• You Don't Tell Me
• Love Makes the World Go
• Nobody Told Me
• Look No Further
• Maine
• An Orthodox Fool
• Eager Beaver
• No Strings
• Finale: The Sweetest Sounds (reprise)

• Hollywood Party
• You Are
• I'm One of the Boys
• Keep Away From Moonlight
• Black Diamond
• You've Got That
• Burning
• My Friend, the Night
• Fly Away to Ioway
• Prayer
• You've Got That
• I'm a Queen in My Own Domain
• Finale - Hollywood Party
• Nana: That's Love
• America's Sweetheart: How About It
• Helen of Troy: Moonlight Lane
• Lido Lady: What's the Use

• Prologue: A Hundred Million Miracles
• At the Golden Pearl
• I Am Going to Like It Here
• I Enjoy Being a Girl
• I Enjoy Being a Girl (reprise)
• You Are Beautiful
• Grant Avenue
• Sunday
• I Enjoy Being a Girl (reprise #2)
• Fan Tan Fannie
• Gliding Through My Memory
• Act One Finale: A Hundred Million Miracles
• Chop Suey
• My Best Love
• I Am Going to Like It Here (reprise)
• Don't Marry Me
• Love, Look Away
• The Most Filial Son
• Like a God
• Like a God (reprise)
• Processional
• Finale: A Hundred Million Miracles

• Prologue
• Bloody Mary
• There Is Nothin' Like a Dame
• Bali Ha'i
• A Cockeyed Optimist
• Twin Soliloquies
• Unspoken Thoughts
• Some Enchanted Evening
• Dites-moi
• I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outta My Hair
• Reprise: Some Enchanted Evening
• A Wonderful Guy
• French Reprise of Bali Ha'i
• Younger Than Springtime
• This Is How It Feels
• Finale Act 1
• Opening Act 2
• Happy Talk
• Honey Bun
• My Girl Back Home
• You've Got to Be Carefully Taught
• Now Is the Time
• The Takeoff
• This Nearly Was Mine
• Communication Discontinued
• Operation Alligator
• Finale Ultimo

• Overture
• A Hundred Million Miracles
• The Other Generation
• I Enjoy Being a Girl
• I Am Going to Like It Here
• Chop Suey
• Grant Avenue
• Gliding Through My Memoree / Fan Tan Fanny
• Love, Look Away
• Dream Ballet
• Sunday
• You Are Beautiful
• Don't Marry Me
• Finale: Wedding Procession / Wedding Ceremony / End Title
• Love, Look Away

• Preludium: Dixit Dominus / Ochtendhymne / Alleluia
• De Bergen Zingen
• Maria
• Ik Geloof
• Do-Re-Mi
• Zestien, Zeventien
• De Dingen Waar Ik Zo Van Hou
• Zo Gaat Liefde Stuk
• Adieu, Vaarwel
• Hoe Hoog De Berg Lijkt
• Water Bij De Wijn
• Zoveel Goeds
• Bruiloftsprocessie / Lofzang: Gaudeamus / Alleluia
• Reprise - Zestien, Zeventien
• De Eenzame Herder
• Edelweiss
• Finale Ultimo: Hoe Hoog De Berg Lijkt

• The Sweetest Sounds
• South Pacific Overture
• Mountain Greenery
• Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
• Getting to Know You
• I Wish I Were in Love Again
• I Have Dreamed
• My Romance
• Waltz For a Ball
• You Took Advantage of Me
• Blue Moon
• I Cain't Say No
• My Favorite Things
• My Funny Valentine
• Victory at Sea
• Do-Re-Mi
• Away From You
• Ten Cents a Dance
• Shall We Dance?
• Have You Met Miss Jones?
• What's the Use of Wond'rin'?
• Climb Ev'ry Mountain
• The Sweetest Sounds, Reprise

• Overture
• Someone Woke Up
• This Week Americans
• What Do We Do? We Fly!
• Here We Are Again
• Someone Like You
• Lezione in Inglese
• Thinking
• We're Going to the Lido
• No Understand
• Take the Moment
• Moon in My Window
• We're Gonna Be Alright
• Do I Hear a Waltz?
• Stay
• Perfectly Lovely Couple
• Everybody Loves Leona
• Last Week Americans
• Thank You So Much / Finale

• Circus on Parade
• Over and Over Again
• Why Can't I?
• This Can't Be Love
• Most Beautiful Girl in the World
• My Romance
• Most Beautiful Girl in the World (reprise)
• Little Girl Blue
• Sawdust, Spangles and Dreams (Finale)

• Main Title
• There Is Nothin' Like a Dame
• A Cock-Eyed Optimist
• Bloody Mary
• Bali Ha'i
• Twin Soliloquies
• Some Enchanted Evening
• Dites-moi
• Younger Than Springtime
• I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outta My Hair
• Some Enchanted Evening (reprise)
• A Wonderful Guy
• This Nearly Was Mine
• You've Got to Be Carefully Taught
• Honey Bun
• Finale Ultimo
• My Girl Back Home

• Overture
• Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
• The Surrey With the Fringe on Top
• Kansas City
• I Cain't Say No
• Many a New Day
• It's a Scandal! It's a Outrage!
• People Will Say We're in Love
• Pour Jud Is Daid
• Lonely Room
• Out of My Dreams
• The Farmer and the Cowman
• All Er Nuthin'
• Oklahoma
• Finale
• Pore Jud Is Daid (complete version)

• Waltz Suite "Carousel"
• You're a Queer One, Julie Jordan / Mister Snow
• If I Loved You
• June Is Bustin' Out All Over
• When the Children Are Asleep
• Blow High, Blow Low
• Soliloquy
• A Real Nice Clambake
• There's Nothin' So Bad for a Woman / What's the Use of Wond'rin'
• The Highest Judge of All / You'll Never Walk Alone
• You're a Queer One, Julie Jordan / Mister Snow (alternate take)
• There's Nothin' So Bad for a Woman / What's the Use of Wond'rin' (alternate take)
• Waltz Suite "Carousel" (alternate take) (complete version)

• Entr'acte
• It's All Right With Me
• Come Along With Me
• Live and Let Live
• You Do Something to Me
• Let's Do It (Let's Fall in Love)
• Main Title / I Love Paris / Montmartre
• C'est magnifique
• Maidens Typical of France
• Just One of Those Things
• I Love Paris
• Can-Can

• Some Enchanted Evening
• Climb Every Mountain
• June Is Bustin' Out All Over
• Aisle Talk
• Bali Hai
• Opening Night
• Getting to Know You
• If I Loved You
• Oklahoma
• Curtain Time
• I Enjoy Being a Girl
• People Will Say We're in Love
• Edelweiss
• I'm in Love With a Wonderful Guy
• The Sound of Music
• There's Nothing Like a Dame
• This Was Nearly Mine

• State Fair (1945 cast): Main Title: Our State Fair
• State Fair (1945 cast): It Might as Well Be Spring
• State Fair (1945 cast): It Might as Well Be Spring (reprise)
• State Fair (1945 cast): That's for Me
• State Fair (1945 cast): It's a Grand Night for Singing
• State Fair (1945 cast): That's for Me (reprise)
• State Fair (1945 cast): It's a Grand Night for Singing (reprise)
• State Fair (1945 cast): Isn't It Kinda Fun?
• State Fair (1945 cast): All I Owe Ioway
• State Fair (1945 cast): Isn't It Kinda Fun? (reprise)
• State Fair (1945 cast): Finale
• State Fair (1962 cast): Main Title: Our State Fair
• State Fair (1962 cast): It Might as Well Be Spring
• State Fair (1962 cast): That's for Me
• State Fair (1962 cast): More Than Just a Friend
• State Fair (1962 cast): Fair Dance
• State Fair (1962 cast): Isn't It Kinda Fun?
• State Fair (1962 cast): Never Say No to a Man
• State Fair (1962 cast): Willing and Eager
• State Fair (1962 cast): Romance Medley
• State Fair (1962 cast): This Isn't Heaven
• State Fair (1962 cast): The Little Things in Texas
• State Fair (1962 cast): Finale
• State Fair (1962 cast): It's a Grand Night for Singing (vocal tracks only)
• State Fair (1962 cast): It's a Grand Night for Singing (demo)
• State Fair (1962 cast): Isn't It Kinda Fun? (rehearsal and performance vocal track only)

• Overture
• Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
• Surrey With the Fringe on Top
• Kansas City
• I Can't Say No
• Many a New Day
• It's a Scandal
• It's an Outrage
• Poor Jud Is Dead
• Lonely Room
• Out of My Dreams
• Farmer and the Cowman
• All Er Nothin'
• People Will Say We're in Love
• Oklahoma
• Finale

• Preludium: Dixit Dominus / Morning Hymn / Alleluia
• The Sound of Music
• Maria
• I Have Confidence
• Do-Re-Mi
• Sixteen Going on Seventeen
• My Favorite Things
• How Can Love Survive?
• The Sound of Music (reprise)
• Laendler
• So Long, Farewell
• Climb Ev'ry Mountain
• No Way to Stop It
• Something Good
• Wedding Processional / Canticle
• Sixteen Going on Seventeen (reprise)
• The Lonely Goatherd
• Edelweiss
• So Long, Farewell (reprise)
• Finale Ultimo

• Preludium
• The Sound of Music
• Maria
• My Favorite Things
• Do-Re-Mi
• You Are Sixteen
• The Lonely Goatherd
• So Long Farewell
• How Can Love Survive
• The Sound of Music
• Climb Ev'ry Mountain
• No Way to Stop It
• An Ordinary Couple
• Processional: Grandeamus
• You Are Sixteen
• Edelweiss
• Finale: Climb Ev'ry Mountain

• Overture and Te Deum
• No Song More Pleasing
• The Field of Cloth of Gold / Where Is My Son?
• As Once I Loved You
• The Chase
• Away From You
• Elizabeth
• Why?
• So Much You Loved Me
• Christmas at Hampton Court
• The Wee Golden Warrior
• From Afar
• In Time
• Finale (Te Deum)

• Overture
• I Whistle a Happy Tune
• Royal Dance Before the King
• My Lord and Master
• Hello, Young Lovers
• The March of the Siamese Children
• A Puzzlement
• Getting to Know You
• We Kiss in a Shadow
• Shall I Tell You What I Think of You?
• Something Wonderful
• Finale to Act One
• I Have Dreamed
• Hello, Young Lovers (reprise)
• Song of the King
• Shall We Dance?
• Confrontation
• Procession of the White Elephant
• The Letter
• Finale

• Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
• Surrey With the Fringe on Top
• Out of My Dreams
• Kansas City
• I Cain't Say No
• People Will Say We're in Love
• The Farmer and the Crowman
• Pore Jud Is Daid
• Many a New Day
• All Er Nothin'
• Oklahoma
• I'm Your Girl
• Something Wonderful
• Do-Re-Mi
• Marriage Type Love

• Dancing on the Ceiling
• My Romance
• Ten Cents a Dance
• Where or When
• She Was Too Good to Me
• Nobody's Heart
• Isn't It Romantic
• I Could Write a Book
• Nothing But You
• You Are Too Beautiful
• There's a Small Hotel
• It Never Entered My Mind

• Prologue: The Carousel Waltz
• You're a Queer One, Julie Jordan
• Mister Snow
• If I Loved You (introduction)
• If I Loved You
• Give it to 'em good, Carrie...
• June Is Bustin' Out All Over
• Mister Snow (reprise)
• When the Children Are Asleep
• Blow High, Blow Low
• Soliloquy
• A Real Nice Clambake
• Geraniums in the Winder
• Stonecutters Cut It on Stone
• What's the Use of Wond'rin'
• You'll Never Walk Alone
• Ballet: Pas de Deux
• If I Loved You (reprise)
• The Sermon
• You'll Never Walk Alone (reprise)

• Sound of the Earth / The Carousel Waltz / So Far / It's a Grand Night for Singing
• The Surrey With the Fringe on Top / Stepsisters' Lament
• We Kiss in a Shadow
• Hello, Young Lovers / I Cain't Say No
• Maria
• Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful?
• Honey Bun
• The Gentleman Is a Dope
• Don't Marry Me
• Many a New Day / I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair
• If I Loved You
• Shall We Dance?
• That's the Way It Happens / All at Once You Love Her / Some Enchanted Evening
• Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
• It Might as Well Be Spring
• Kansas City
• A Hundred Million Miracles / When the Children Are Asleep / I Know It Can Happen
• It's Me
• Love, Look Away
• When You're Driving Through the Moonlight / A Lovely Night
• Something Wonderful
• This Nearly Was Mine
• Impossible / I Have Dreamed

• Babes in Arms: My Funny Valentine
• Chee-Chee: I Must Love You
• Too Many Girls: I Didn't Know What Time It Was
• Chee-Chee: Moon of My Delight
• I'd Rather Be Right: Ev'rybody Loves You
• Heads Up!: A Ship Without a Sail
• On Your Toes: Quiet Night
• A Connecticut Yankee: To Keep My Love Alive
• Too Many Girls: Love Never Went to College
• Too Many Girls: You're Nearer
• Betsy: If I Were You
• Pal Joey: Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered
• Two Weeks With Pay: Now That I Know You
• Dearest Enemy: Bye and Bye
• Lido Lady: Atlantic Blues
• Babes in Arms: Where or When
• The Boys From Syracuse: Falling in Love With Love

• Overture
• You Mustn't Kick It Around
• I Could Write a Book
• Chicago
• That Terrific Rainbow
• What Is a Man
• Happy Hunting Horn
• Bewitched
• Pal Joey
• The Flower Garden of My Heart
• Zip
• Plant You Now, Dig You Later
• In Our Little Den
• Do It the Hard Way
• Take Him
• Bewitched (reprise)
• Finale

• The Sweetest Sounds
• It Might As Well Be Spring
• Younger Than Springtime
• Manhattan
• My Heart Stood Still
• It's A Grand Night For Singing
• My Romance
• Climb Ev'ry Mountain
• Out of My Dreams
• A Real Nice Clambake
• Dancing on the Ceiling
• Do I Hear A Waltz?
• Falling In Love With Love
• Isn't It Romantic?
• We Kiss In A Shadow
• June is Bustin' Out All Over
• You Took Advantage of Me
• The Most Beautiful Girl In The World
• Lover
• It's Easy To Remember

• Joseph Taylor, Jr. / I Know It Can Happen Again
• One Foot, Other Foot
• A Fellow Needs a Girl
• So Far
• You Are Never Away
• Wedding: To Have and to Hold / Wish Them Well
• Money Isn't Everything
• The Gentleman Is a Dope
• Allegro
• Come Home

• Oh! What a Beautiful Mornin'
• Boys and Girls Like You and Me
• It Might as Well Be Spring
• I Haven't Got a Worry in the World
• You'll Never Walk Alone
• So Far
• Some Enchanted Evening
• A Wonderful Guy
• Loneliness of Evening
• Dites-moi
• Shall We Dance?
• No Other Love
• There's Music in You
• All at Once You Love Her
• The Next Time It Happens
• Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful?
• Love Look Away
• Edelweiss

• Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
• The Surrey With the Fringe on Top
• People Will Say We're in Love
• Out of My Dreams
• Carousel Waltz
• Some Enchanted Evening
• There Is Nothin' Like a Dame
• A Wonderful Guy
• Younger Than Springtime
• I Whistle a Happy Tune
• Getting to Know You
• Shall We Dance?
• In My Own Little Corner
• Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful?
• I Enjoy Being a Girl
• Sunday
• My Favorite Things
• Do-Re-Mi
• Climb Ev'ry Mountain
• Edelweiss

• Opening / I Had Twins
• Dear Old Syracuse
• What Can You Do With a Man
• Falling in Love With Love
• The Shortest Day of the Year
• This Can't Be Love
• Ladies of the Evening
• He and She
• You Have Cast Your Shadow on the Sea
• Come With Me
• Sing for Your Supper
• Oh, Diogenes!
• Finale

• Overture
• I Whistle a Happy Tune
• My Lord and Master
• Hello, Young Lovers
• March of the Siamese Children
• A Puzzlement
• Getting to Know You
• We Kiss in a Shadow
• Shall I Tell You What I Think of You?
• Something Wonderful
• Western People Funny
• I Have Dreamed
• Song of the King
• Shall We Dance?
• Something Wonderful (reprise)

• I Remember Mama
• A Little Bit More
• A Writer Writes at Night
• Ev'ry Day (Comes Something Beautiful)
• You Could Not Please Me More
• A Most Disagreeable Man / Uncle Chris
• Lullaby
• Easy Come, Easy Go
• It Is Not the End of the World
• Entr'acte
• Mama Always Makes It Better
• When?
• Fair Trade
• I Write, You Read (Fair Trade reprise)
• It's Going to Be Good to Be Gone
• Time
• You Could Not Please Me More (reprise)
• Finale

• Ghost Town
• Slaughter on Tenth Avenue
• La Princesse Zenobia

• Overture
• Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
• Laurey's Entrance
• The Surrey With the Fringe on Top
• Kansas City
• I Cain't Say No
• Many a New Day
• It's a Scandal! It's a Outrage!
• People Will Say We're in Love
• Pore Jud Is Daid
• Lonely Room
• Out of My Dreams
• The Farmer and the Cowman
• All Er Nuthin'
• People Will Say We're in Love (reprise)
• Oklahoma Finale: Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin' (reprise)

• Overture / Main Title: Our State Fair
• It Might as Well Be Spring
• That's for Me
• More Than Just a Friend
• Isn't It Kind of Fun
• Willing and Eager
• Never Say No to a Man
• It's a Grand Night for Singing
• This Isn't Heaven
• The Little Things in Texas
• Our State Fair Finale

• Rings Around Rabaul
• Full Fathom Five
• The Turkey Shoot
• Ships That Pass
• Two If by Sea
• The Turning Point
• Symphonic Scenario

• The Song of the High Seas
• The Pacific Boils Over
• Guadalcanal March
• D-Day
• Hard Work and Horseplay
• Theme of the Fast Carriers
• Beneath the Southern Cross
• Mare Nostrum
• Victory at Sea

• Fire on the Waters
• Danger Down Deep
• Mediterranean Mosaic
• The Magnetic North
• Allies on the March
• Voyage Into Fate
• Peleliu
• The Sound of Victory

• Main Title
• That Terrific Rainbow
• I Didn't Know What Time It Was
• Do It the Hard Way
• Great Big Town
• There's a Small Hotel
• Zip
• I Could Write a Book
• Bewitched
• The Lady Is a Tramp
• Plant You Now, Dig You Later
• My Funny Valentine
• You Mustn't Kick It Around
• Bewitched
• Strip Number
• Dream Sequence & Finale

• Overture
• Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
• The Surrey With the Fringe on Top
• Kansas City
• I Cain't Say No
• Entrance of Ensemble
• Many a New Day
• It's a Scandal! It's a Outrage!
• People Will Say We're in Love
• Pore Jud Is Daid
• Lonely Room
• Out of My Dreams
• The Farmer and the Cowman
• All Er Nothin'
• People Will Say We're in Love (reprise)
• Oklahoma

• Prelude / The Sound of Music
• Overture / Preludium (Dixit Dominus)
• Morning Hymn / Alleluia
• Maria
• I Have Confidence
• Sixteen Going on Seventeen
• My Favorite Things
• Climb Ev'ry Mountain
• The Lonely Goatherd
• The Sound of Music
• Do-Re-Mi
• Something Good
• Processional / Maria
• Edelweiss
• So Long, Farewell
• Climb Ev'ry Mountain (reprise)

• Overture
• In My Own Little Corner
• The Prince Is Giving a Ball
• Royal Dressing Room Scene
• In My Own Little Corner (reprise)
• Impossible / It's Possible
• Gavotte
• Ten Minutes Ago
• Stepsisters' Lament
• Waltz for a Ball
• Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful
• When You're Driving Through the Moonlight
• A Lovely Night
• The Search
• The Wedding
• Mother and Daughter March
• In My Own Little Corner
• Waltz for a Ball
• A Lovely Night

• Overture
• Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
• The Surrey With the Fringe on Top
• Kansas City
• I Cain't Say No
• Many a New Day
• People Will Say We're in Love
• Pore Jud Is Daid
• Out of My Dreams
• The Farmer and the Cowman
• All Er Nothin'
• Oklahoma

• Getting to Know You (from 'The King and I')
• I Whistle a Happy Tune (from 'The King and I')
• My Lord and Master (from 'The King and I')
• Shall We Dance (from 'The King and I')
• Something Wonderful (from 'The King and I')
• We Kiss in a Shadow (from 'The King and I')
• I Have Dreamed (from 'The King and I')
• Hello Young Lovers (from 'The King and I')
• All or Nothing (from 'Oklahoma')
• I Can't Say No (from 'Oklahoma')
• Many a New Day (from 'Oklahoma')
• Oklahoma! (from 'Oklahoma')
• Oh What a Beautiful Morning (from 'Oklahoma')
• A Cockeyed Optimist (from 'South Pacific')
• Happy Talk (from 'South Pacific')
• I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Out of My Hair (from 'South Pacific')
• I'm in Love With a Wonderful Guy (from 'South Pacific')
• Some Enchanted Evening (from 'South Pacific')
• This Nearly Was Mine (from 'South Pacific')
• Bloody Mary (from 'South Pacific')

Born: 1902-06-28

Died: 1979-12-30