V P Singh

Sunday, 24 February 2013

VP Singh on India US nuclear deal part 1

Tribute by Padmaja to Hon' Ex-PM of India Shri.VPSingh on his Birth Aniv 26 June

VP Singh on India US nuclear deal part 2

ANNA HAZARE News4u -Reporter - VP Singh.flv

VP Singh Wah Wah Kya Baat Hai 27 January 2013

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Allahabad
Allahabad ([ɪlɑhɑbɑd̪]; Hindi: इलाहाबाद; Urdu: الہ آباد), or Settled by God in Persian, is a major city of India and is one of the main holy cities of Hinduism. It was renamed by the Mughal emperor Akbar from the original (still unofficially used) native name of Prayaga, and is by some accounts the second-oldest city in India. It is located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, lying some 205 kilometres (127 mi) south of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarters of the Allahabad District. Allahabad has been ranked the world's 130th fastest growing city (growth rate: 2.09 per cent (2011)).^{[citation needed]} The ancient name of the city is Prayaga (Sanskrit for "place of sacrifice"), as it is believed to be the spot where Brahma offered his first sacrifice after creating the world. It is one of four sites of the mass Hindu pilgrimage Kumbh Mela, the others being Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. It has a position of importance in Hindu scriptures for it is situated at Triveni Sangam, the confluence of the holy rivers Ganges and Yamuna, and the ancient Sarasvati River.

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Ayodhya
Ayodhya pronunciation (help·info) (Sanskrit: अयोध्या, Urdu: ایودھیا, IAST Ayodhyā), also known as Saket (Sanskrit: साकेत, Urdu: ساکیت ) is an ancient city of India adjacent to Faizabad city in Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh. As a result of rapid settlement and development Ayodhya has been merged to Faizabad city. Ayodhya is the birth place of the Hindu deities Rama and Swaminarayan. It used to be the capital of the ancient Kosala Kingdom. This Hindu holy city is described as early as in the Hindu Epics. Ayodhya has an average elevation of 93 metres (305 feet).
Ayodhya is located on the right bank of the river Saryu, as it is called within sacred precincts. Just 6 km from Faizabad, Ayodhya is a popular pilgrim centre. This town is closely associated with Lord Rama, the seventh incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The ancient city of Ayodhya, according to the Ramayana, was founded by Manu, the law-giver of the Hindus. For centuries, it was the capital of the descendants of the Surya dynasty of which Lord Rama was the most celebrated king. Ayodhya during ancient times was the capital of the Rama Empire and known as Kaushaldesa.

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Dadri
Dadri is a city and a municipal board in Gautam Buddha Nagar District in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dadri is located at 28°34′N 77°33′E / 28.57°N 77.55°E / 28.57; 77.55. It has an average elevation of 216 metres (659 ft). It has world largest power project.
As of 2001^[update] India census, Dadri had a population of 57,457. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Dadri has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 90% and, female literacy is 78%. In Dadri, 18% of the population is under 5 years of age. Many famous personalities belong to this town like Mr.Chandramani Gupta.
Dadri played a very important role in the battle for freedom in 1857, when its Gurjar (Gurjars) ruler "Raja Umrao Singh Bhati" rose against British rule and damaged the same by joining together the other Gurjar rulers of the area. He was hanged along with 4 other mutineers by the British. But nothing is found in any texts about him and his sacrifice.

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Dehradun
Dehra Dun, or Dehradun /ˌdɛrəˈduːn/ (Hindi: देहरादून, Dēharādūn), is the capital city of the State of Uttarakhand in north India. Located in the Garhwal region, it is 255 km north of India's capital New Delhi and consists of 6 tehsils, 6 community development blocks, 17 towns and 764 inhabited villages. The city has been chosen as one of the "Counter Magnets" of the National Capital Region (NCR) and is being developed as an alternative centre of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the Delhi metropolitan area.
Dehradun is renowned for its natural resources, publishing services, and for its prestigious educational institutions such as the Forest Research Institute (FRI), Indian Military Academy (IMA) and several day and boarding schools which are highly reputed across the country. It is also home to national foundations such as the Indian Institute of Petroleum, Survey of India, Wildlife Institute of India and the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation.
Located on the foothills of the Himalayas, the Doon Valley is nestled between two of India's mightiest rivers - the Ganges on the east and the Yamuna on the west. Dehradun is famous for its picturesque landscape and pleasant climate and provides a gateway to the surrounding region. It is well connected and in proximity to popular Himalayan tourist destinations such as Mussoorie, Nainital and Auli and the Hindu holy cities of Haridwar and Rishikesh along with the Himalayan pilgrimage circuit of Char Dham.

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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.

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Haryana
Haryana /ˌhɑriˈɑːnə/ is a state in India. Constituted in 1966, it is one of two newly created states carved out of the greater Punjab province as a means of creating a stronger national identity. It has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189-1230). It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of Haryana is included in the National Capital Region. The capital of the state is Chandigarh which is administered as a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab.
Sites in Haryana were part of the Indus Valley and Vedic Civilizations. Several decisive battles were fought in the area, which shaped much of the history of India. These include the epic battle of Mahabharata at Kurukshetra mentioned in the Hindu mythology (including the recital of the Bhagavad Gita by Krishna), and the three battles of Panipat. Haryana was administered as part of the Punjab province of British India, and was carved out on linguistic lines as India's 17th state in 1966. Haryana is now a leading contributor to the country's production of foodgrain and milk. Agriculture is the leading occupation for the residents of the state, the flat arable land irrigated by submersible pumps and an extensive canal system. Haryana contributed heavily to the Green Revolution that made India self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s.

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India
India (ⁱ/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.

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Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir ⁱ/ˌdʒɑːmuː/ & /ˈkæʃmɪər/ is the northernmost state of India. It is situated mostly in the Himalayan mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south and internationally with the People's Republic of China to the north and east and the Pakistan-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan, to the west and northwest respectively.
Formerly a part of the erstwhile Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu, which governed the larger historic region of Kashmir, this territory is disputed among China, India and Pakistan. Pakistan, which claims the territory as disputed, refers to it alternatively as Indian-occupied Kashmir or Indian-held Kashmir, while some international agencies such as the United Nations, call it Indian-administered Kashmir. The regions under the control of Pakistan are referred to as Pakistan-occupied Kashmir or PoK within India.
Jammu and Kashmir consists of three regions: Jammu, the Kashmir valley and Ladakh. Srinagar is the summer capital, and Jammu is the winter capital. While the Kashmir valley is famous for its beautiful mountainous landscape, Jammu's numerous shrines attract tens of thousands of Hindu pilgrims every year. Ladakh, also known as "Little Tibet", is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and Buddhist culture.

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Kerala
Kerala or Keralam /ˈkɛrələ/ is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was formed on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions.
The state has an area of 38,863 km² (15,005 sq mi) and is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Arabian Sea on the west. Thiruvananthapuram is the state capital. Kochi and Kozhikode are other major cities. According to a survey by The Economic Times, five out of ten best cities to live in India are located in Kerala.
Kerala has the highest Human Development Index in India, higher than that of most developed countries The state has the highest literacy rate in India with 93.91 percent. It hopes to be the first e-literate state in India through the state run Akshaya project. The state recently became and is currently the only one to have banking facilities in every village. A survey conducted in 2005 by Transparency International ranked Kerala as the least corrupt state in the country. Kerala is also ranked as India's cleanest state. Kerala has witnessed significant migration of its people, especially to the Persian Gulf countries during the Kerala Gulf boom and is heavily dependent on remittances from its large Malayali expatriate community.

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Lok Sabha
Coordinates: 28°37′3″N 77°12′30″E / 28.6175°N 77.20833°E / 28.6175; 77.20833
The Lok Sabha (Hindi: लोक सभा) or House of the People is the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by direct election under universal adult suffrage. As of 2009, there have been fifteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India. The Constitution limits the Lok Sabha to a maximum of 552 members, including no more than 20 members representing people from the Union Territories, and two appointed non-partisan members to represent the Anglo-Indian community (if the President feels that that community is not adequately represented).
Each Lok Sabha is formed for a five-year term, after which it is automatically dissolved, unless extended by a proclamation of emergency. In such cases, the term may be extended by one-year increments. The 15th Lok Sabha was formed in May 2009.
An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies' boundaries has been carried out by the Delimitation Commission based on the Indian census of 2001. This exercise, which was supposed to be carried out after every census, was suspended in 1976 following a constitutional amendment to avoid adverse effects of the family planning program which was being implemented. Today, the Lok Sabha has its own TV channel, Lok Sabha TV, head-quartered within the premises of Parliament.

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Rajasthan
Rājasthān /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ (Hindustani pronunciation: [raːdʒəsˈt̪ʰaːn] ( listen)) the land of Rajasthanis, ("the land of kings"), is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert), which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan. The state is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers 10.4% of India, an area of 342,269 square kilometres (132,151 sq mi).
Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the state. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-western Rajasthan and the termination of the Ghaggar River near the archaeological ruins at Kalibanga of the Indus Valley Civilization, which are the oldest in the Indian subcontinent discovered so far.
One of the world's oldest mountain ranges, the Aravalli Range, cradles the only hill station of Rajasthan, Mount Abu, famous for Dilwara Temples, a sacred pilgrimage for Jains. Eastern Rajasthan has the world famous Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. It also has two national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and Sariska Tiger Reserve, and a famous temple in Khatu, Sikar district, dedicated to Khatu Shyam Ji. Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949, when the region known until then as Rajputana, consisting of erstwhile princely states ruled mainly by Rajputs.

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Ram Janmabhoomi
Ram Janmabhoomi (Hindi/Devanagiri: राम जन्मभूमि) is the birthplace of Lord Rama. "Lord Rama" is referred as the god and described as an Avatar (incarnation) of Lord Vishnu according to the Hindu theology and tradition. The exact location of Lord Rama's birth as stated in holy Ramayana is on the banks of Sarayu river in the city of Ayodhya in Uttar Pardesh. In 1528, after destroying the ancient Ram temple located at this site, Babur built a mosque. From 1528 to 1853 (the year of the first riot regarding the birthplace), the Babri Mosque became a place of worship for Muslims. From 1853 to 1949, separate areas were earmarked for both Hindus and Muslims to worship and in 1949, Idols were placed inside the disputed structure. The site of the Babri Mosque which was surrounded on all sides by Mata Sita Rasoi (Lord Rama's wife Sita Devi's Kitchen - actually a Temple and other Temples of Hanuman) and the disputed structure sharing walls with Sita and Hanuman Mandir was destroyed when a political rally developed into a riot involving 150,000 people. This happened due to the movement that was launched in 1984 by the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP party) to reclaim the site for Hindus who want to erect a temple dedicated to the infant Rama (Ramlalla), at this spot.

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Samastipur
Samastipur is a town and a municipality in Samastipur district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the headquarter of Samastipur district . It is situated on the bank of Budhi Gandak River or Gandaki River.
As of 2011^[update]census, Samastipur had a population of 4,254,782. Males constitute 52.4% of the population and females 47.6%. Samastipur has an average literacy rate of 74%, equal to the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is at 78%, and female literacy is at 69%. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. samastipur is a part of mithilanchal division.
Samastipur is the birth place of the famous Kisan leader and freedom fighter Pandit Yamuna Karjee. He was a resident of Pusa, Samastipur and was associated with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati in the Kisan Movement during the freedom struggle. There were several other well-known leaders from Samastipur district who had occupied ministerial post in the Government of India after the independence. Among them Karpuri Thakur & Syed Shahnawaz Hussain rose to become the Chief Minister of Bihar & central minister respectively . 'Padmashri' Sharda Sinha 'Bihar Kokila' (singer) is also from samastipur.

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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh /ˌʌtər prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviation U.P. ("Northern Province"; formerly: United Provinces), is a state located in the north western part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity. Were it a nation in its own right, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous country, ahead of Brazil (a country thirty-five times larger in territorial area than Uttar Pradesh). On 9 November 2000, the Himalayan portion of the state, comprising the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions and Haridwar district, was formed into a new state 'Uttaranchal', now called Uttarakhand, meaning the 'Northern Segment' state.
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state-economy in India, with a GDP of $103.5 billion in 2009. The annual per capita GDP of the state was $1586 in 2009, on purchasing power parity basis. It contributed 8.34% to India's total GDP in the financial year 2010. Agriculture is a significant part of UP's economy. The state was India's sixth largest producer of fruits, and became the largest producer of vegetables in 2010. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,290 km²), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east.

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Ajeya Pratap Singh
Ajeya Pratap Singh formly known as Ajeya Singh, born in 1956, is a politician belonging to Indian National Congress and 42nd Raja Bahadur of Manda. He was President of the National Jan Morcha party in 2009, which was later on merged with Indian National Congress. He is the eldest son of 7th Prime Minister of India Shri V. P. Singh.
Raja Manda- Kingdom
Jan Morcha merger with Congress party
Ajeya Singh- Journey from Investment Banker & Businessman to Politics

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Amitabh Bachchan
Amitabh Bachchan ([əmɪtaːbʱ bəttʃən] ( listen), born Amitabh Harivansh Bachchan on 11 October 1942) is an Indian film actor. He first gained popularity in the early 1970s as the "angry young man" of Hindi cinema, and has since appeared in over 180 Indian films in a career spanning more than four decades. Bachchan is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema.
Bachchan has won numerous major awards in his career, including three National Film Awards as Best Actor, and fourteen Filmfare Awards. He is the most-nominated performer in any major acting category at Filmfare, with 37 nominations overall. In addition to acting, Bachchan has worked as a playback singer, film producer and television presenter. He also had a stint in politics in the 1980s. He has received both the Padma Shri and the Padma Bhushan civilian awards from the Indian government.
Bachban was born in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. His father, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, was a Hindi poet, and his mother, Teji Bachchan, was a Sikh from Faisalabad (now in Pakistan). Bachchan was initially named Inquilaab, inspired from the famous phrase Inquilab Zindabad, during the Indian independence struggle. However, at the suggestion of fellow poet Sumitranandan Pant, Harivansh Rai changed the name to Amitabh which means, "the light that would never go off." Though his surname was Shrivastava, his father had adopted the pen-name Bachchan (meaning child-like in colloquial Hindi), under which he published all his works. It is with this last name that Amitabh debuted in films, and, for all public purposes, it has become the surname of all members of his family. Bachchan's father died in 2003, and his mother in 2007.

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Anil Ambani
Anil Dhirubhai Ambani (Gujarati: અનીલ ધીરુભાઈ અંબાની) (born 4 June 1959) is an Indian business magnate. He is the chairman of Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, one of the largest private conglomerates. Anil's elder brother Mukesh Ambani, who heads as the chairman of Reliance Industries. The Ambani family is the richest family in India and one of the richest in the world, their wealth inherited from Dhirubhai Ambani, founder of largest Indian conglomerate Reliance Group.
He is a member of the Board of Overseers at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He is also the member of the Board of Governors of the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.^{[citation needed]} He is a member of the Central Advisory Committee, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. In March 2006, he resigned. He is also the Chairman of Board of Governors of DA-IICT, Gandhinagar.

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Arif Mohammad Khan
Arif Mohammad Khan (born 1951 in Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh) is a former Indian Union minister. He is currently a leader of Bahujan Samaj Party.
Arif Mohammad Khan was born in 1951 in Bulandshahr and was educated at Jamia Millia School, Delhi, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh and Shia College, Lucknow University. He was the General Secretary, Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union from 1971 to 1972 and its President from 1972 to 1973.
Khan joined the Indian National Congress party and was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1980 and 1984. In 1986, he quit the Indian National Congress due to differences over the passage of Muslim Personal Law Bill which was piloted by Rajiv Gandhi in the Lok Sabha.
Khan joined the Janata Dal and was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1989. He left the Janata Dal to join the Bahujan Samaj Party and again entered the Lok Sabha in 1998. Khan held ministerial responsibilities from 1984 to 1990.
http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12up31.htm

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Arun Nehru
Arun Nehru (born April 24, 1944, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) is an Indian politician and columnist. He was member of 9th Lok Sabha from Bilhaur as a Janata Dal leader. Earlier, he was member of 7th and 8th Lok Sabha from Rae Bareli on an Indian National Congress ticket.
He is married and has two daughters.

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Ashoke Kumar Sen
Ashoke Kumar Sen (Bengali: অশোককুমার সেন) (10 October 1913 – 31 August 1996) was an Indian barrister, a former Cabinet minister of India, and an Indian parliamentarian.
He also holds the record for winning a Lok Sabha seat the most times and also the record for being not only an MP for the most years, but also a cabinet minister - serving more than 7 prime ministers. For decades he was the inevitable Union Law Minister.
Ashoke Kumar Sen was born in 1913 in a Vaidya-Brahmin family. His father was a district magistrate. His elder brother, Sukumar Sen ICS (b. 1899), who went on to become India, Sudan and Nepal's first Chief Election Commissioner, funded his education in England, at the London school of Economics. Ashoke Sen went on to study for the Bar at Gray's Inn.
Upon his return, he started teaching law at the City College, Kolkata a constituent college of the University of Calcutta He then began practicing in the Calcutta High Court. At the age of 26, he had already written a book about Commercial Law, which was endorsed by Mr. Sen's then senior Sudhi Ranjan Das, the future Chief Justice of India.

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Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (Hindi: अटलबिहारी वाजपेयी, Birth: 25 December 1924 in Gwalior) is a veteran Indian statesman who served as a non congress Prime Minister of India three times, viz. 13 days in 1996, 13 months from 1998 to 1999, and lastly a five year's term from 19 March 1998 until 19 May 2004. A parliamentarian for over four decades, Vajpayee was elected to the Lok Sabha a record nine times, and twice to the Rajya Sabha. He also served as the Member of Parliament for Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, until 2009, when he retired from active politics due to health concerns. Vajpayee was one amongst the founder members of erstwhile Jana Sangh and had been its president also. He was also the Minister of External Affairs in the cabinet of Morarji Desai. When Janata government collapsed Vajpayee merged his entire party into a fresh party and named it as Bharatiya Janata Party in the interest of nation. A poet-politician Vajpayee has been the liberal face of BJP.
Atal Bihari Vajpayee was born to Krishna Devi and Krishna Bihari Vajpayee on 25th December, 1924 in a respected middle class Brahmin family. His birthplace was Shinde Ki Chhavani, a small town in Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh (then known as Central Province). His grandfather, Pandit Shyam Lal Vajpayee, had migrated to Gwalior from his ancestral village of Bateshwar, Uttar Pradesh and his father, Krishna Bihari Vajpayee, was a poet and a schoolmaster in his hometown. Vajpayee attended Gwalior's Victoria College (now Laxmi Bai College), and graduated with distinctions in Hindi, English and Sanskrit. He completed his Post Graduation with a (M.A.) degree in Political Science from DAV College, Kanpur, securing first-class. Later he became a full time worker of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and served the Rashtradharma, Veer Arjun and Panchjanya newspapers as a journalist. Like other full time workers of the Sangh, Vajpayee never married and decided to dedicate his entire life for the service of the nation.

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Banarsi Das
Babu Banarsi Das (1912-1985) was a Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. He was from Janata Party.
Banarsi Das was from Bulandshahr.
Banarsi Das remained Chief Minister from 28 Feb 1979 till 17 Feb 1980.
Banarsi Das was married and have three sons. one of his sons DR.Akhilesh das gupta is Rajya sabha MP and national general secretary from BSP and was minister of state in Manmohan singh government .

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Banarsi Das Gupta
Banarsi Das Gupta (5 November 1917 – 29 August 2007) was a chief minister of Haryana state in India.
Born in Bhiwani he studied at Pilani in Rajasthan.
He was renowned freedom Fighter and went to jail many times during the British rule. He established Parja Mandal in erstwhile Jind State in pre-independence period and launched agitation for establishment of a responsible Government in Jind State and was imprisoned several times. He undertook several padyatras, collected thousands of acres of land and distributed it among the landless during the Bhoodan Movement. He fought against traditional social abuses such as the dowry system, untouchability, and child marriage. He stood for widow re-marriage rights and started the tradition of community-marriages without dowry.
He was founder of the All India Vaish Federation (Vais Maha Sammelan); Foounder and Patron of the Maharaj Agrasen Medical Education & Scientific Research Society, Haryana, Trustee of Vaish Mahavidyalaya Trust which runs (i) Vaish Senior Secondary School and (ii) Vaish Model School, Founder and Trustee and Member of Haryana Prakritik Chikitsalaya, President of Managing Committee of (i) Vaish P.G. Boy's College, (ii) Adarsh Mahila Mahavidyalaya (also founder of this institute) and (iii) and Chief Patron of All India Agarwal Sammelan. He was president of All Indian Agarwal Sammelan for over 20 years and worked hard to unite the trading community.

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Biju Patnaik
Bijayananda Patnaik(5 March 1916 – 17 April 1997), better known as Biju Patnaik (Oriya: ବିଜୁ ପଟନାୟକ) or Biju Babu was an Indian politician and Chief Minister of Orissa for two terms.
Biju Patnaik was born on 5 March 1916 to Lakshminarayan and Ashalata Patnaik. His parents belong to Nuagan, Bhanjanagar, Ganjam district, around 80 km from Bramhapur). He was educated at Ravenshaw College in Orissa but due to his interest in aviation he dropped out and trained as a pilot. Patnaik flew with private airlines but at the start of the second world war he joined the Royal Indian Air Force eventually becoming head of air transport command. While in service he began an interest in nationalist politics and used air force transports to deliver what was seen as subversive literature to Indian troops. But Patnaik remained committed to fighting the axis powers and when he was jailed for his illegal activities he only served two years in prison. Shortly after independence Pakistani tribesman invaded Kashmir and at Nehrus request he helped airlift the first Indian soldiers into Srinagar.

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Chandra Shekhar
Chandra Shekhar Singh (1 July 1927 - 8 July 2007) was the eighth Prime Minister of India.
Chandra Shekhar Singh was born on 1 July 1927 to a farming family in Ibrahimpatti, a village in the Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh. He was awarded a Master of Arts degree at Allahabad University. He was known as a firebrand in student politics. After graduation, he became active in socialist politics.
He joined the socialist movement and was elected secretary of the district Praja Socialist Party (PSP), Ballia. Within a year, he was elected joint secretary of the PSP’s State unit in Uttar Pradesh. In 1955-56, he took over as general secretary of the party in the State. His career as a parliamentarian began with his election to the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh in 1962.He came under the spell of Acharya Narendra Dev, a fiery Socialist leader in the beginning of his political career. From 1962 to 1967, Shekhar belonged to the Rajya Sabha, the Upper house of the Parliament of India. He had a nationwide padayatra in 1984 to know the country better, which he claimed gave the jitters to Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister. He was called a "Young Turk".

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Charan Singh
Chaudhary Charan Singh (Caudharī Caraṇ Siṅh; 23 December 1902 – 29 May 1987) was the fifth Prime Minister of the Republic of India, serving from 28 July 1979 until 14 January 1980.
Born into a Jat family in 1902, Charan Singh entered politics as part of the Independence Movement. After independence he became particularly notable in the 1950s for opposing and winning a battle against Nehru's socialistic and collectivist land use policies, for the sake of the Indian Farmer, which endeared him to the agrarian communities throughout the nation, particularly in his native Uttar Pradesh.
The leader of the Bharatiya Lok Dal, a major constituent of the Janata coalition, he was disappointed in his ambition to become Prime Minister in 1977 by Jayaprakash Narayan's choice of Morarji Desai. He settled at the time for the largely honorary post of Deputy Prime Minister of India.During 1977 Lok Sabha Elections, there was not a single party, hence it was problem, which symbol has to be adopted (many parties joined the front to contest the elections after emergency was over). Hence, a request was made to Chaudhary Charan Singh (Lok Dal) and he agreed to release his party-Lok Dal's symbol "HALDHAR'. This symbol was locked in that elections, but a promise was made to Chaudhary Charan Singh that he would be Prime Minister if the front won that election, but this promise was never kept by other party leaders, hence,Chaudhary Charan Singh had a knot in his heart, resulting in a revolt; when the time came he became Prime Minister. However, the internal stresses of the coalition's government caused him to leave the government with the former Lok Dal, after being promised by Indira Gandhi the support of the Congress Party on the floor of the House in any efforts to form a government. He was sworn in as Prime Minister with the support of just 64 MPs.

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Chaudhary Devi Lal
Chaudhary Devi Lal Sihag (1914–2001) (Hindi: चौधरी देवी लाल) was an Indian politician, freedom fighter, Chief Minister of the state of Haryana and Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was born in a Jaat Hindu family of Sihag clan on 25 September 1914 in Teja Khera village of Sirsa district in Haryana, India. His mother's name was Shugna Devi and father's name was Ch. Lekh Ram Sihag.Ch. Lekh Ram was a wealthy Jaat landlord of Chautala village and he owned 2750 bighas of land. Ch. Devi Lal, whose original name was Devi Dayal, received education up to middle and also trained as a wrestler at an 'Akhara' in Badal village (Punjab). On Mahatma Gandhi's call, both he and his elder brother Ch Sahib Ram, left their studies unfinished to take part in the freedom movement. His son Om Prakash Chautala is also a former Chief Minister of the state of Haryana . He belongs to the Jaat clan of Bagris.
Chaudhari Devi Lal was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and was actively involved in the struggle for Indian independence from the British Raj. On Mahatma Gandhi's call, both he and his elder brother Ch Sahib Ram, left their studies unfinished to take part in the freedom movement.

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Chimanbhai Patel
Chimanbhai Patel is a former Chief Minister of Gujarat state in India.
He born on 3 June 1929 in Chikodra village of Sankheda Tehsil in Vadodara district. He was elected the first president of student union of The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in Vadodara in 1950. He has done Masters in Economics from that university.
He has been elected as MLA from Sankheda in 1967 and joined the Cabinet of Hitendra K Desai. He also became the minister in the Cabinet of Ghanshyambhai C. Oza. On 17 July 1973, he toppled the Ghanshyambhai C. Oza government and became the Chief minister. He served in that office till 9 February 1974. Chimanbhai Patel was forced out of office in the 1974 by the Navnirman movement on charges of corruption. after expelled from the party he helped in the formation of Janata Morcha government in the leadership of Babubhai J Patel. He came back to power on 4 March 1990 as the head of a Janata Dal-Bharatiya Janata Party coalition government. on braking of the coalition on 25 October 1990, he managed to retain his post with the help of 34 legislatures of Congress. Later he joined the congress and continued till his death on 17 February 1994.

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Dhirubhai Ambani
Dhirajlal Hirachand Ambani (Hindi: धीरजलाल हीराचंद अंबानी; 28 December 1932 – 6 July 2002) was an Indian industrialist who founded Reliance Industries, a petrochemicals, communications, power, and textiles conglomerate and one of the 3 privately owned Indian companies in the Fortune 500. Ambani took his company public in 1977. Dhirubhai has been among the select few to be figured in the Sunday Times list of top 50 businessmen in Asia. His life has often been referred to as a true "rags to riches" story.
Dhirubhai started off as a small time worker with Arab merchants in the 1950s and moved to Mumbai in 1958 to start his own business in spices. After making modest profits, he moved into textiles and opened his mill near Ahmedabad. He founded Reliance Industries in 1966, and today, the company, with over 85,000 employees, provides almost 5% of the Central Government's total tax revenue. Ambani was credited with introducing the stock market to the average Indian investor, and thousands of investors attended the Reliance annual general meetings, which were sometimes held in a football stadium, with millions more watching on television.^{[citation needed]}

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George Fernandes
George Mathew Fernandes (born 3 June 1930) is an Indian trade unionist, politician, journalist, agriculturist, and member of Rajya Sabha from Bihar. He is a key member of the Janata Dal (United), and was the founder of the Samata Party. He has held several ministerial portfolios including communications, industry, railways, and defence, and was the only Christian minister in Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee's cabinet.
A native of Mangalore, Fernandes was sent to Bangalore in 1946 to be trained as a priest. He moved to Bombay in 1949, and joined the socialist trade union movement. As a fiery trade union leader, Fernandes organised many strikes and bandhs in Bombay in the 1950s and 1960s. The most notable agitation he organised was the 1974 Railway strike, when he was President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation. Fernandes went underground during the Emergency era (1975), as he took on Prime Minister Indira Gandhi for imposing a state of emergency, but was arrested in 1976, and tried in the infamous Baroda dynamite case.

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Hukam Singh
Chaudhari Hukam Singh is a politician and former Chief Minister of the state of Haryana. He was born in a Jat Hindu family in the village Dhani Phogat (Charkhhi Dadri), Bhiwani district in Haryana, India.
Hukum Singh taken a strong action against the then IG of Police SPS Rathore in the Ruchika Griharotra case by recommending the case to CBI for inquiry.
Mr hukum Singh Phogat is also a pioneer figure in fighting for SYL Link canal, Jat Arakshan & other social issues. He was one of the most honest CM of Haryana.
About SYL Master Hukam Singh, said he had always been preferring the interests of farmers rather than political interest. Therefore, he would not hesitate to attend the meeting called by any political party over the issue. He said an all-party meeting over this sensitive issue should have been convened earlier.
The Jats in Haryana are angry that after being recommended reservations in 1990 by the Gurnam Singh Commission, the Mandal Commission ruled them out of the OBC category. Hukum Singh, the Haryana CM when the Gurnam Singh Commission report was tabled in 1991, too, notified Jats as OBCs but his successor, Bhajan Lal, withdrew it.

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Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: इंदिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गांधी Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī listen (help·info), née Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms (1966–77) and a fourth term (1980–84). Gandhi was the second female head of government in the world after Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka, and she remains as the world's second longest serving female Prime Minister as of 2012. She was the first woman to become prime minister in India.
Gandhi was the only child of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India. She adhered to the quasi-socialist policies of industrial development that had been begun by her father. Gandhi established closer relations with the Soviet Union, depending on that nation for support in India’s long-standing conflict with Pakistan. She was also the only Indian Prime Minister to have declared a state of emergency in order to 'rule by decree' and the only Indian Prime Minister to have been imprisoned after holding that office. She was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards in retaliation for ordering Operation Blue Star.

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Indrajit Gupta
Indrajit Gupta (16 March 1919 - 20 February 2001) was a Communist leader who became India's Union Minister for Home Affairs in the United Front government from 1996 to 1998. That was a dramatic reversal of roles, as the Ministry of Home Affairs had, since Indian independence in 1947, banned the Communist Party thrice, with many of its members, including Gupta, being sent to prison or pushed underground for long stretches.
Gupta belonged to an anglicised Brahmo family of Calcutta. His paternal grandfather, Behari Lal Gupta, ICS, was the Dewan of Baroda and his elder brother, Ranajit Gupta, ICS, was Chief Secretary of West Bengal. His father, Satish Gupta, who belonged to the IA&AS was an Accountant General of India. After his schooling at Simla, where his father was posted, Gupta studied at St. Stephen's College, Delhi and later went to King's College, Cambridge. While studying in England he came under the influence of Rajani Palme Dutt and joined the communist movement. With a Tripos from the University of Cambridge he returned to Calcutta in 1938 to join the peasants' and workers' movement. He not only had to go to jail for his communist activities but was also sentenced to ‘party jail’ in 1948 for adopting a soft stand within the party. He went underground in India during 1948-50 when there was a crackdown on Communists.

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Jagmohan
Jag Mohan Malhotra is an Indian politician. He was born on 25 September 1927 in Hafizabad, Punjab in British India.

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Janeshwar Mishra
Janeshwar Mishra (5 August 1933 – 22 January 2010) was a politician from Samajwadi Party. He was member of the Parliament of India representing Uttar Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He was known as Chhote Lohia (Lohia Jr.) for his commitment to socialist ideology.
He was born in Subh Natahi village in Ballia on 5 August 1933. He was B.A. and LL.B.
He started his political career as president of the student union of Doaba Inter College, after which he came to Allahabad and joined the Allahabad University. His entry into students politics began after he joined the Samajwadi Yuvajan Sabha and thereafter, he came in contact with the father of the socialist movement Dr Ram Manohar Lohia and Raj Narain. He was an ardent follower of Raj Narain and socialists were looking up at him after death of maverick leader Shri Raj Narain
Despite ill-health, he participated in the party’s Statewide agitation in Allahabad on January 19 against price rise and corruption, his last public appearance.

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Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru (IPA: [dʒəʋaːɦərˈlaːl ˈneːɦru] ( listen), Hindi: जवाहरलाल नेहरू;‎ 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964), often referred to with the epithet of Panditji, was an Indian lawyer, politician and statesman who became the first Prime Minister of independent India (1947–64) and became noted for his “neutralist” policies in foreign affairs. He was also one of the principal leaders of India’s independence movement in the 1930s and ’40s. Nehru was elected by the Indian National Congress to assume office as independent India's first Prime Minister, and re-elected when the Congress Party won India's first general election in 1951 and 1952. Nehru contributed to the establishment of a parliamentary democracy in India and was one of the founders of the international Non-Aligned Movement.
The son of moderate nationalist leader and Congressman Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru became a leader of the left wing of the Congress when fairly young. Rising to become Congress President under the mentorship of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Nehru was a charismatic leader, advocating complete independence for India from the British Empire. Throughout his life, Nehru advocated Democratic Socialism/Fabian Socialism and a strong public sector as the means by which economic development could be pursued by poorer nations. He was the father of Indira Gandhi and the maternal grandfather of Rajiv Gandhi, who would later serve as the third and sixth Prime Ministers of India respectively.

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Jayaprakash Narayan
Jayaprakash Narayan (11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), widely known as JP Narayan, Jayaprakash, or Loknayak, was an Indian independence activist and political leader, remembered especially for leading the opposition to Indira Gandhi in the 1970s and for giving a call for peaceful Total Revolution. His biography, Jayaprakash, was written by his nationalist friend and an eminent writer of Hindi literature, Ramavriksha Benipuri. In 1998, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social work. Other awards include the Magsaysay award for Public Service in 1965. The airport of Patna is also named after him.
Jayprakash Narayan was born on 11 October 1902 in the village of Sitabdiara, Bihar, India. He came from a middle-class family.
Sandip Das, a biographer, says that
Returning from the US in late 1929 as a supporter of Marxist theories, Narayan joined the Indian National Congress on the invitation of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1929; Mahatma Gandhi became his mentor in the Congress. He shared the same house at Kadam Kuan in Patna with his close friend and nationalist Ganga Sharan Sinha (Shrivastava). with whom he shared the most cordial and lasting friendship.

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Lal Bahadur Shastri
Lal Bahadur Shastri (Hindi: लालबहादुर शास्त्री, pronounced [laːl bəˈɦaːd̪ʊr ˈʃaːst̪ri]; 2 October 1904 – 11 January 1966) was the second Prime Minister of the Republic of India and a significant figure in the Indian independence movement.
Lal Bahadur was born in Mughal Sarai, United Provinces, India to Sharada Srivastava Prasad, a school teacher, who later became a clerk in the Revenue Office at Allahabad, and Ramdulari Devi. When he was three months old, he slipped out of his mother's arms into a cowherder's basket at the ghats of the Ganges. The cowherder, who had no children, took the child as a gift from God and took him home. Lal Bahadur's parents lodged a complaint with the police, who traced the child, and returned him to his parents.
His father died when he was only a year and a half old. His mother took him and his two sisters to her father's house and settled down there. Lal Bahadur stayed at his grandfather Hazari Lal's house till he was ten. He studied up to class IV at Railway School Mughalsarai. Since there was no high school in the town, he was sent to Varanasi, where he stayed with his maternal uncle and joined the Harischandra High School. While in Varanasi, Shastri once went with his friends to see a fair on the other bank of the Ganges. On the way back he had no money for the boat fare. Instead of borrowing from his friends, he jumped into the river and swam to the other bank.

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Madhu Dandavate
Madhu Dandavate (21 January 1924 – 12 November 2005) was an Indian politician.
He was born in a Deshastha family. He was popularly known as an Economist.
During 1970-71 he was member of Maharashtra Legislative Council. From 1971 to 1990 he was an M.P., elected to the Lok Sabha for 5 times consecutively from Rajapur in Konkan, Maharashtra. He was one of the prominent opposition leaders when Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi were the Prime Ministers.
He was the Minister for Railways in the Morarji Desai Ministry. He initiated improvements in second-class railway travel for passengers by replacing the wooden berths with berths consisting of two inches foam. He was also the Finance minister in the cabinet of V. P. Singh. He actively campaigned for the Konkan Railway and is considered one of its founders. He was also the Deputy Chairperson of the Planning Commission of India in 1990 and again from 1996 to 1998. He was associated with the Janata Dal (Secular), a party led by H. D. Deve Gowda. He was known for his probity in public life.

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Maneka Gandhi
Maneka Gandhi (née Anand; born 26 August 1956, Delhi, India) is an Indian politician, animal rights activist, environmentalist, former model and widow of the Indian politician, Sanjay Gandhi. She has been a minister in four governments, and has authored a number of books in the areas of etymology, law and animal welfare. Maneka Gandhi is member of the Nehru-Gandhi Political Clan.
Maneka Gandhi was born in a Sikh family to Lt. Col. Tarlochan Singh Anand and Amardeep Kaur Anand. She was born in Delhi and educated at the Lawrence School, Sanawar and later at Lady Shri Ram College for Women in New Delhi where she earned an ISC. She did modeling for Bombay Dyeing and that was where she was spotted by Sanjay Gandhi. She met him when she was 17 and got married within a year.^{[citation needed]}
Sanjay and Maneka lived with Indira Gandhi and Sanjay grew increasingly involved in Indian politics as part of the Youth Congress. Maneka often accompanied him on his travels. She was also the Founder Editor of Surya, a political news monthly. When the Congress party was defeated in 1977, Maneka turned the magazine into a platform to promote and defend the Congress party, her husband and mother-in-law. Surya magazine carried regular interviews with Indira Gandhi, and was instrumental in refurbishing her image. Maneka accompanied Indira Gandhi to Chikmagalur from where Indira was re-elected. Dom Moraes who covered that visit remarked on the junior Mrs Gandhi’s lively intelligence and charisma. Khushwant Singh once likened Maneka to ‘Durga’.

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Manmohan Singh
Manmohan Singh (Punjabi: ਮਨਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ [mənˈmoːɦən ˈsɪ́ŋɡ], Hindi: मनमोहन सिंह [mənˈmoːɦən ˈsɪŋɦ] ( listen); born 26 September 1932) is the 13th and current Prime Minister of India. He is the only Prime Minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to return to power after completing a full five-year term. A Sikh, he is the first non-Hindu to occupy the office. Singh is also the 7th Prime Minister from the Indian National Congress (Congress) party. He is a four-time Member of Parliament from the Upper House of the Parliament of India, the Rajya Sabha, representing the state of Assam. His term in the 14th Rajya Sabha was from 22 May 2004 to 26 February 2009. In the 15th Rajya Sabha his term started 22 May 2009 and is scheduled to continue till 2014. On 27 May 2012, he became the first Indian Prime Minister to visit Myanmar in 25 years.
Born in Gah, Punjab in British India (now Pakistan) in 1932, he migrated to India with his family at the time of Partition in 1947. Singh studied at Panjab University, University of Cambridge and University of Oxford. Thereafter, while Singh was working at United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Lalit Narayan Mishra, the then Indian Minister for Foreign Trade, appointed Singh as an advisor to his ministry. He was appointed Governor of the Reserve Bank of India between 1982 and 1985, Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of India from 1985 to 1987 and Secretary General of the South Commission from 1987 to 1990. Elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1991, he was inducted into Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao's cabinet as Finance Minister the same year, a post he held until 1996. His tenure as Finance Minister is best remembered for the economic reforms he carried out, which ended the Licence Raj system and helped open the Indian economy.

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Morarji Desai
Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (Gujarati: મોરારજી રણછોડજી દેસાઈ, Hindi: मोरारजी देसाई; 29 February 1896 – 10 April 1995) was an Indian independence activist and the fourth Prime Minister of India from 1977–79. He was the first Indian Prime Minister who did not belong to the Indian National Congress. After assuming the office, Desai promoted his policies and peace initiatives between Pakistan and India to avoid conflicts, such as Indo-Pakistani war of 1971. For this, he was conferred with Nishaan-e-Pakistan (Order of Pakistan). Desai is the only Indian national to receive the highest civilian award from Pakistan, the Nishaan-e-Pakistan.
Morarji Desai was born into an Anavil Brahmin family in Bhadeli, Valsad in Bombay Presidency (now in Gujarat). His schooling life of Primary section is in Saurashtra The Kundla School, Savarkundla. It's now actual name is J.V.Modi School.After he joined Bai Ava Bai High School, Valsad. After graduating from Wilson College, Mumbai, he join ed the civil service in Gujarat. Later, he left the service of the British in 1924 and joined the civil disobedience movement against British rule in India in 1930. He spent many years in jail during the freedom struggle and owing to his sharp leadership skills and tough spirit, he became a favourite amongst freedom-fighters and an important leader of the Indian National Congress in Gujarat. When provincial elections were held in 1934 and 1937, Desai was elected and served as the Revenue Minister and Home Minister of the Bombay Presidency.

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Mulayam Singh Yadav
Mulayam Singh Yadav (born 22 November 1939) is an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh. He was Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh three times from 1989 to 1991, 1993 to 1995, and 2003 to 2007. He also served as Minister of Defense from June 1996 to March 1998 in the United Front government.
Mulayam Singh Yadav was born to Moorti Devi and Sughar Singh on 22 November 1939 in the village Saifai of Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh in India. His father wanted the son to be a wrestler and his political guru, Natthu Singh, spotted him in a wrestling match at Mainpuri. Impressed by his muscle power Mulayam was rewarded the political pocket of Jaswantnagar by Singh.
Yadav first became a state minister in 1977, Later in 1980, he became the president of the Lok Dal (People's Party) in Uttar Pradesh which became a part of the Janata Dal (People's Party) afterward. In 1982, he was elected leader of the opposition in the Uttar Pradesh legislative council. He holds a M.A. from Agra University and B.T.^{[disambiguation needed ]} from Jain Inter College, Karhal (Mainpuri).

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Murasoli Maran
Murasoli Maran (Tamil: முரசொலி மாறன்) (August 17, 1934- November 23, 2003) was a prominent Tamil politician in India, and an important leader of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party which is headed by his maternal uncle and mentor, M. Karunanidhi. A Member of Parliament for 36 years, he was made a Union Minister in three separate central governments, in charge of Urban Development in the V.P. Singh government, Industry in the Gowda and Gujral governments, and finally Commerce and Industry under Vajpayee. Apart from being a politician, Maran was a journalist and scriptwriter for films too.
Murasoli Maran born on August 16, 1934 was son of Shanmuga Sundaram. He was born at Thirukkuvalai Village Thiruvarur-At Panneerselvam in Tamil Nadu. After completing his basic education in his hometown he headed to Madras to get a Master's degree in Arts (M.A) from Pachaiyappa's College and Law College, Madras. Before joining politics Mr. Maran worked as a Journalist and later served as a social worker. Since his student life at Madras he was closely associated with the DMK. On 15 September 1963 he married Mallika and has two sons and a daughter. His younger son Dayanidhi Maran is a (Union Minister) and his elder son Kalanithi Maran heads and owns the popular TV Network Sun TV. His daughter Anbukarasi Maran is a Cardiologist.

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Nilamani Routray
Nilamani Routray(Oriya: ନିଳମଣି ରାଉତରାଵ) (May 24, 1920 - October 4, 2004) was an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Orissa from 1977 to 1980. He served as the Health and Family Welfare Minister and then Forest and Environment Minister in the Union Government led by V.P. Singh. He died on October 4, 2004.
Nilamani Routray was a founder of the Orissa unit of All India Students Federation. He was the president of the Orissa state unit of the Indian National Congress from 1967-70. Later he joined the Utkal Congress and became its president. Subsequently, he switched over to the Bharatiya Lok Dal and became the president of its state unit. He was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1989.
His autobiography Smruti O Anubhuti (1986) is a well-known work.

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Nirmal Kumar Mukarji
Nirmal Kumar Mukarji (9 January 1921 – 29 August 2002) was an Indian administrator and the last member of the Indian Civil Service to serve. In the course of a long career he was Home Secretary, Cabinet Secretary, and eventually Governor of Punjab. He died in 2002.
Born in Delhi to Satyanand Mukarji, Principal of St. Stephen's College, Delhi, Mukarji was educated at St. Stephen's and subsequently entered the ICS at the top of the last intake, in 1943.
Assigned to the Punjab cadre, he was assigned as the confidential secretary of the Governor of Punjab, a post that he held till Independence in 1947. As part of the assignment, he was privy to most discussions involving the Partition of the Punjab between India and Pakistan, and part of the team that divided government resources between the two new Punjabs. Choosing to join India in 1947, he was appointed District Collector in a number of sensitive border districts, particularly Ferozepur.
After serving his time in the districts, he was moved to Delhi where he was put in charge of the Ministry for Irrigation, which at the time was planning the Bhakra-Nangal Dam, a project dear to Jawaharlal Nehru's heart. After the commissioning of the dam, he was moved back to Punjab and then to Jammu and Kashmir as Chief Secretary of those two states, after spending two years at Harvard's Weatherhead Centre for International Affairs It was as Chief Secretary of Jammu and Kashmir that he had to organise the defence of the state during the Bangladesh War of 1971.

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Nitish Kumar
Nitish Kumār (born 1 March 1951) is an Indian politician who has been a Union Minister and is the Chief Minister of Bihar, an eastern state of India, since 2005. He belongs to the Janata Dal (United) party. As Chief Minister, he gained popularity by initiating a series of developmental and constructive activities including building of long-delayed bridges, re-laying roads that had ceased to exist, appointing over 100,000 school teachers, ensuring that doctors worked in primary health centers, and keeping crime in check.
Nitish Kumār was born in Kalyanbigha, Bihar to Kaviraj Ram Lakhan Singh and Parmeshwari Devi. His father was a freedom fighter and was close to the great Gandhian Bihar Vibhuti Anugrah Narayan Sinha, one of the founders of modern Bihar. His nickname is 'Munna'. He is a teetotaler, does not smoke, and is a frugal eater.
He has a degree in electrical engineering from the Bihar College of Engineering, Patna now NIT Patna. He joined the Bihar State Electricity Board, but almost halfheartedly, and later moved into politics.

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Om Prakash Chautala
Om Prakash Chautala (born 1 January 1935) is an Indian politician from the state of Haryana and the leader of the Indian National Lok Dal political party. He is a former Chief Minister of Haryana. Presently, he is the Leader of Opposition in the Haryana Vidhan Sabha.
Chautala is the son of Chaudhari Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister of India. He was born in a Jaat family of Sihag gotra. He was the Chief Minister of Haryana from 2 December 1989 to 2 May 1990, from 12 July 1990 to 17 July 1990, again from 22 March 1991 to 6 April 1991 and finally from 24 July 1999 to 4 March 2005. Politically, he had been part of NDA and Third Front at national level. But still he describe the Congress and BJP as Saampnath and Naagnath.
Many Controversies have been associated with Chautala since the beginning of his political career.
Chautala was publicly disowned by his father Devi Lal. He had allegedly smuggled gold watches worth Rs 100,000. Even his sons had been accused of being involved in controversies.

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Pramod Mahajan
Pramod Venkatesh Mahajan (प्रमोद व्यंकटेश महाजन in Devanagari) (30 October 1949 – 3 May 2006) was a prominent Indian politician. He was one of the most powerful second generation leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and, at the time of his death, was locked in a power struggle over who would take over the reins of the BJP when the current aging leadership retires. He belonged to a group of relatively young "technocrat" leaders who lack a grassroots political base, although he was fairly popular in his home state of Maharashtra in western India.
He was a member of the Rajya Sabha and a General Secretary of his party. He had been credited with being an architect of numerous poll victories for his party, though he contested only 2 Loksabha elections from Mumbai - North East constituency. He won in 1996 but lost in 1998. He was the brain behind the BJP campaign in 2004 elections and he accepted the responsibility of not getting the expected number of seats in that election.
He was blamed by many in the old guard of the BJP and the RSS for moving his party away from the culture of austerity to a "five-star" culture. His proximity to industrialists was also a cause for comment. As a minister in charge of telecommunications between 2001 and 2003, he played a major role in India's cellular revolution, but was also accused of improperly favouring Reliance Infocomm. He was widely seen as a successful Parliamentary Affairs minister due to his good relations with political parties across the ideological spectrum.

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Pranab Mukherjee
Pranab Kumar Mukherjee (born 11 December 1935, Mirati; West Bengal, India) is the current Finance Minister of India and leader of the current 15th Lok Sabha.
Mukherjee is a senior member of the Cabinet Committees on Economic Affairs, Infrastructure, Parliamentary Affairs, Political Affairs, Prices, Security, Unique Identification Authority of India, World Trade Organization, and heads the Group of Ministers Committee on the Dabhol dispute. He is a member of the Congress Working Committee (CWC).
His father Kamada Kinkar Mukherjee was a member of AICC, and West Bengal Legislative Council (1952–64), and President, District Congress Committee, Birbhum (WB). He attended the Suri Vidyasagar College, Suri (Birbhum), then affiliated with the University of Calcutta.
He holds a Master of Arts degrees in History and Political Science & has a degree in law from the University of Calcutta. He has been an advocate and a college teacher in his long public career.^{[citation needed]} In 2011 he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters degree by University of Wolverhampton.

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Rabi Ray
Rabi Ray (born November 26, 1926) is an Indian socialist politician, a former speaker of Lok Sabha and a former Union minister of India. He hails from Orissa. He joined the Socialist Party in 1948, and later became member of the Samyukta Socialist Party, the Janata Party and the Janata Dal (Secular).
Ray was born on 26 November 1926 at Bhanaragarh village in the Puri district of Orissa, He passed his B.A. examination in History from the Ravenshaw College in Cuttack and later studied Law in the Madhusudan Law College in Cuttack.
In 1967,he was elected to the 4th Lok Sabha from Puri constituency in Orissa. In the 4th Lok Sabha, he was the leader of the Parliamentary Group of the Samyukta Socialist Party (SSP). In 1974, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha from Orissa and he completed his term in Rajya Sabha in 1980. He was the Union minister of health and family welfare in Morarji Desai Ministry from January 1979 to January 1980.
In 1989, he was re-elected to the 9th Lok Sabha from the Kendrapara constituency in Orissa as a Janata Dal candidate. On 19 December, 1989, he was unanimously elected as the Speaker of the 9th Lok Sabha. In 1991, he was re-elected to the 10th Lok Sabha from the same constituency. Since 1997, he is associated with a non-political organization, the Lok Shakti Abhiyan

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Raj Babbar
Raj Babbar is a Hindi and Punjabi film actor since 1977 and the current Member of Parliament from Firozabad which he won by defeating Dimple Yadav, wife of Akhilesh Yadav & daughter-in-law of Mulayam Singh Yadav. This is his fourth term as MP, in previous terms he was the part of Samajwadi Party.
Babbar was born in Tundla, Uttar Pradesh on 23 June 1952. He is an alumnus of the 1975 batch of National School of Drama and graduated from Agra College.
He trained in the Method school of acting at NSD, which is involved in Street Theatre. After his training in New Delhi he moved to Mumbai to try his luck. He started his film career opposite Reena Roy, one of the well known actresses of that time.
He also featured in the debut film of the then 13-year-old Padmini Kolhapure. He became a consistent feature of the B. R. Chopra banner; Nikaah with Deepak Parashar and Salma Agha, Aaj Ki Aawaz with Smita Patil, with whom he had an affair and subsequently married, despite being married with two children at the time.

wn.com/Raj_Babbar
Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Ratna Gandhi /ˈrɑːdʒiːv ˈɡɑːndiː/ ( pronunciation (help·info); 20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was the sixth Prime Minister of India (1984–1989). He took office after his mother's assassination on 31 October 1984; he himself was assassinated on 21 May 1991. He became the youngest Prime Minister of India when he took office at the age of 40.
Rajiv Gandhi was the eldest son of Indira and Feroze Gandhi. He went to study at Trinity College, Cambridge, and later at Imperial College London, but did not complete a degree at either. At Cambridge he met the Italian-born Antonia Albina Maino, then a waitress in a restaurant, whom he later married. After dropping out of university, he became a professional pilot for Indian Airlines. He remained aloof from politics, despite his family's political prominence. It was only following the death of his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi in 1980 that Rajiv entered politics. Following the assassination of his mother in 1984 after Operation Blue Star, the Indian National Congress party leaders nominated him to be Prime Minister.

wn.com/Rajiv_Gandhi
Rakesh Sachan
Rakesh Sachan, was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) from Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency), contesting on the Samajwadi Party ticket in the Indian general election, 2009.

wn.com/Rakesh_Sachan
Ram Bahadur Rai
Rambahadur Rai is a eminent Hindi Journalist. Rai is the consulting editor of Pratham Pravakta, a Hindi fortnightly news magazine published from Delhi. A former news editor of Jansatta newspaper, he is the author of Rahvari ke Sawal (on Chandrashekhar) and Manjil se Jyada Safar (on V P Singh). A founder organiser of JP Movement, Ram bahadur Rai declined to walk into the corridors of power. Mr. Rai was a close associate of JP, Who actively participated in the student movement in Bihar in 1974. He was one of the 11-member Steering Committee that piloted the JP Movement. He was the second person to be jailed under the Maintenance of Internal Security Act,(MISA) (passed by the Indira Gandhi government in 1973,giving superpowers to law enforcement agencies, and repealed by the subsequent Janata Party Government in 1977). Later, during the heyday of the JP Movement, He was again jailed for eighteen months. Mr. Rai was the organising secretary of Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad(ABVP) during the 74,Bihar Movement.It is very important to know that he brought the hawala scam intolight.

wn.com/Ram_Bahadur_Rai
Ram Vilas Paswan
Ram Vilas Paswan (born 5 July 1946) is the president of the Lok Janshakti Party and a Rajya Sabha MP.
Paswan was born to a Dusadh family. He holds a Bachelor of Laws and a Master of Arts degrees from Kosi College, Khagaria and Patna University.
Paswan was elected to the Bihar state legislative assembly in 1969 as a member of the Samyukta Socialist Party ("United Socialist Party") from a reserved constituency. In 1974, as an ardent follower of Raj Narayan and Jayaprakash Narayan Paswan became the general secretary of the Lok Dal. He was personally close to the prominent leaders of anti-emergency like Raj Narayan, Karpoori Thakur and Satyendra Narayan Sinha.
In 1975, when emergency was proclaimed in India, he was arrested and spent the entire period in jail. On being released in 1977, he became a member of the Janata Party and won election to Parliament for the first time on its ticket. He was re-elected to the 7th Lok Sabha in 1980 and 1984 from Hajipur constituency. In 1983, he established the Dalit Sena, an organization for Dalit emancipation and welfare.

wn.com/Ram_Vilas_Paswan
Sanjay Singh
Dr. Sanjay Singh (born 25 September 1951) is a politician from the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. He was twice elected to the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh during the 1980s and held state ministerial posts. In 1990, he became a member of the upper house of the Parliament of India, which is known as the Rajya Sabha, and in 1998 he was elected to the lower house, called the Lok Sabha. His term in the 12th Lok Sabha session lasted until the following year. Subsequently, in 2009, he was successful in obtaining a second term in that house as a member of the 15th Lok Sabha representing the Sultanpur constituency of Uttar Pradesh.
Singh has held various ministerial portfolios and committee positions over the years, including as Union Minister for Communications in 1991.
Sanjay Singh was born on 25 September 1951 in the city of Amethi, which was at that time in Sultanpur district. Born into the family that had once ruled Amethi, the New York Times described him in 1988 as a "wealthy, aristocratic and flamboyant politician".

wn.com/Sanjay_Singh
Seema Mustafa
Seema Mustafa (b 20 April 1955) is an Indian journalist. She is the formerPolitical Editor and Delhi Bureau Chief of The Asian Age newspaper published in India. Her op-ed column appeared on Saturdays. These were syndicated to several newspapers, including The Deccan Chronicle from Bangalore, India and The Dawn newspaper of Pakistan. With the sacking of Asian Age editor M.J. Akbar over the defence of an anti-Congress, anti-Indo-US Nuclear Deal op-ed written by Seema, Seema resigned from the Asian Age as well. She then joined Newsx as national affairs editor and head of the national bureau. She hosted a weekly interview programme, Straight Talk With Seema Mustafa. She is now Resident Editor, The Sunday Guardian, New Delhi, a paper launched by M.J. Akbar.
Seema Mustafa‏ was born in Delhi on April 20, 1955. She is agnostic She graduated with a BA in Political Science from Lucknow University in Uttar Pradesh. Seema's father Lt Col Syed Mustafa was in the Indian Army and she is related to the socialist freedom fighter Rafi Ahmed Kidwai from her mother's side. Rajya Sabha MP Anis Kidwai was her grandmother from her mother's side. Seema has two elder brothers, SP 'Bobby' Mustafa, Hindustan Unilever Ltd’s group treasurer and head of M&A , and Kamal Mustafa, now retired but once the Managing Director & Head of Global Mergers and Acquisitions for Citybank. She was married to a businessman from Delhi and has two children, Agneya Singh and Gayeti Singh.

wn.com/Seema_Mustafa
Shankar Dayal Sharma
Shankar Dayal Sharma pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: शंकर दयाल शर्मा; 19 August 1918 - 26 December 1999) was the ninth President of India serving from 1992 to 1997. Prior to his presidency, Dr Sharma had been the eighth Vice President of India, serving under President Ramaswamy Venkataraman. He was also Chief Minister (1952–1956), and Cabinet Minister (1956–1967), holding the portfolios of Education, Law, Public Works, Industry and Commerce, National Resources and Separate Revenue. He was the President of the Indian National Congress in 1972-1974 and returned to government as Union Minister for Communications from 1974 to 1977.
The International Bar Association presented Dr. Sharma with the 'Living Legends of Law Award of Recognition' for his outstanding contribution to the legal profession internationally and for commitment to the rule of law.
Dr. Sharma was born in Bhopal, then the capital of the princely state of Bhopal.
Sharma comes from the city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Sharma received his education at St. John's College, Agra College, Punjab University and Lucknow University. He obtained his Ph.D. in Law from Fitzwilliam College. Sharma was awarded the Chakravarti Gold Medal for Social Service by Lucknow University. Dr. Sharma taught Law at Lucknow University and at Cambridge University. While at Cambridge, Dr. Sharma was Treasurer of the Tagore Society and the Cambridge Majlis. He taught law at Cambridge University from 1946 to 1947. He was Honored as “Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", Ghaziabad.

wn.com/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma
Sharad Yadav
Sharad Yadav, a politician from the Janata Dal (United) party, is currently^[when?] a member of the Parliament of India representing the Madhepura constituency of Bihar in the Lok Sabha. He had also represented Bihar in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament.
He is also the current^[when?] convener of the NDA
He was also a member of the Indian Parliament from the Jabalpur constituency in Madhya Pradesh in 1977.
Sharad Yadav, along with others, were named in infamous multi-crore Hawala scandal for receiving 300,000 rupees towards a party fund. He was acquitted by Delhi High Court citing many reasons including that he did not confess and there was a lack of evidence of his guilt.

wn.com/Sharad_Yadav
Sripati Mishra
Pandit Sripati Mishra (December 4, 1923 in — Dec 8, 2002), an Indian National Congress politician was former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.
Born in January 1923 in a humble family in Shekhpura village in Sultanpur.
Mishra was first elected to Vidhan Sabha and became its speaker in 1980. He remained in this office from 07 Jul 1980 till 18 Jul 1982. He became Chief Minister after resignation of Vishwanath Pratap Singh in 1982. He remained in office from 19 Jul 1982 till 3 Aug 1984. Dr Yogendra Narain served as his Principal Secretary. Later, he was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1984.
He was among a few politicians who reached the top slot in the state from village politics.
Also, he was senior member of the UP Bar Council.
Sripati Mishra died at the Balrampur Hospital, Lucknow after a prolonged illness.
A college, Pt. Sripati Mishra Degree College in Tawakkalpur Nagara (Surapur), Kadipur, Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh has been founded in his memory.

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Subodh Kant Sahay
Subodh Kant Sahay (born 11 June 1951) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Ranchi constituency of Jharkhand, and is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) political party. He is the Cabinet Minister for Tourism. He was the Minister of State for Home in V.P. Singh government when Mufti Mohammad Sayeed was the home minister. His key achievement in his stint as home minister in the V.P. Singh/ Chandra Shekhar governments was restoration of peace in Punjab. It was during his tenure that elections is Punjab were done after a long period of Presidents rule. He was also actively involved in trying to resolve the Ram Janam Bhoomi/ Babri Masjid dispute.
Shri Subodh Kant Sahay was born in Latehar, Bihar (now in Jharkhand) to Brijdeo Sahay and Indrani Devi.^{[citation needed]} He did his B.Sc., LL.B. from A N College, Patna and Ranchi University.
Subodh Kant Sahay was actively involved in the Non-Aligned Student and Youth Organisation (NASYO). He participated in Jai Prakash Movement . He was Member of Preparatory Committee, World Youth Festival; General Secretary, (i) Yuva Janata for three years; (ii) Janata Party for two years; (iii) Janata Dal for 6 months ;Working President Yuva Janta for two years; President Yuva Janata for three years

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Suma Josson
Suma Josson is an Indian-American journalist and filmmaker. Her documentary film Niyamgiri, You are still alive, on the ecological and human damage done by bauxite mining, won a first prize in the Short Film, Environment category at the 2010 International Film Festival of India.
She was born in Kerala, India and graduated in English Literature from the University of Minnesota, USA. She began her career as a journalist at Press Trust of India, and in 1992 switched over to the visual media. She has made a number of documentary films. She has published three books: Poems and Plays, A Harvest of Light (a collection of plays), and Circumferences (a novel).
Her debut film was Janmadhinam which won three state awards, and was screened at various international film festivals including the 1999 Berlin Festival. She was one of the five women filmmakers commissioned to make a documentary Trading Images on the subject 'women's space' in a German international coproduction. Saree is her second feature film.

wn.com/Suma_Josson
Vidya Charan Shukla
Vidya Charan Shukla was born on 2 August 1929 at Raipur (CP & Berar). His father Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla was an illustrious lawyer, freedom fighter, veteran Congressman, Premier of CP & Berar and the first Chief Minister of reorganised Madhya Pradesh. Vidya Charan Shukla graduated from Morris College Nagpur in 1951. He started Allwyn Cooper Private Ltd., which was organising big game safari & photo expeditions of wild life in Central Indian forests in addition to Manganese and Dolomite mining. The Allwyn Cooper grew into a global big-game safari company and attracted clients from all over the world especially from Europe and USA.
For the general elections in 1957 the Congress Party chose him as their Lok Sabha candidate from Mahasamund constituency. He won with a thumping majority and entered the Parliament of India as one of the youngest Parliamentarian. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was happy to meet this young, promising Congressman from Madhya Pradesh. He returned elected to Lok Sabha 9 times in subsequent elections. When Indira Gandhi became Prime Minister in 1966 she chose him as a Minister in her Cabinet.In a long span of political carrier he has held virtually all portfolios including Communications, Home, Defence, Finance, Planning, Information & Broadcasting, Civil Supplies, External Affairs, Parliamentary Affairs and Water Resources. He is a known defender of Congress and Sonia Gandhi gives much weightage to this veteran Congressman who has had the longest innings in the Indian Parliament.

wn.com/Vidya_Charan_Shukla
Wikipedia Persondata
wn.com/Wikipedia_Persondata
Yashwant Sinha
Yashwant Sinha (born November 6, 1937, Patna) is an Indian politician and a former finance minister of India (1990–1991 under Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar and March 1998 – July 2002 under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee) and foreign minister (July 2002 – May 2004) in Atal Bihari Vajpayee's cabinet. He is a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, currently the largest Opposition party in India.
Born and educated in Patna, Bihar, Sinha received his Masters Degree in Political Science in 1958. Subsequently, he taught the subject at the University of Patna till 1960.He resigned from the BJP vice presidency declaring that he was dissatisfied with the party's action following the defeat in the general elections of 2009
Yashwant Sinha joined the Indian Administrative Service in 1960 and spent over 24 years holding important posts during his service tenure. He served as Sub-Divisional Magistrate and District Magistrate for 4 years. He was Under Secretary and Deputy Secretary in the Finance Department of the Bihar Government for 2 years after which he worked in the Ministry of Commerce as Deputy Secretary to the Government of India.

wn.com/Yashwant_Sinha

VP Singh on India US nuclear deal part 1

Former Prime Minister VP Singh talks about the India US nuclear deal...

published: 04 Oct 2007

author: Prabir Purkayastha

In Focus VP Singh 1

...

published: 17 Dec 2012

author: itvindia

TDP NTR VP Singh Chennareddy

TDP_NTR_VP Singh Hyderabad Visit_Chennareddy...

published: 05 Sep 2012

author: myvision2021

Amitabh Interview Bofors scandal part 2

Beware the fury of a patient man. Rajiv Gandhi, Bofors alleged pay-off was the third in a ...

published: 03 Aug 2009

author: iftikhar hyder

Tribute by Padmaja to Hon' Ex-PM of India Shri.VPSingh on his Birth Aniv 26 June

A Tribute to Late Honorable Ex-Prime Minister of India Shri.VPSingh on his birth anniversa...

published: 25 Jun 2011

author: Aditya Joglekar

VP Singh on India US nuclear deal part 2

Former Prime Minister VP Singh talks about the India US nuclear deal...

published: 04 Oct 2007

author: Prabir Purkayastha

VP Singh Passes Away

VP Singh Passes Away...

published: 29 Nov 2008

author: tmmktv

In Focus VP Singh 2

...

published: 18 Dec 2012

author: itvindia

VP SINGH CAMP PROG

DMF GOSPEL CAMPAIGN NEW DELHI 0N 23 SEPT 2009...

published: 25 Sep 2009

author: chhana renthlei

In Focus VP Singh 3

...

published: 19 Dec 2012

author: itvindia

ANNA HAZARE News4u -Reporter - VP Singh.flv

ANNA HAZARE News4u...

published: 15 Apr 2011

author: Manjeet Dhania

VP Singh Wah Wah Kya Baat Hai 27 January 2013

...

published: 30 Jan 2013

author: Vp Singh

DFO Ajay Kumar ji RO VP Singh ji brief@oldest hand sawing forest camp pccf ji hutbay pccf ji

...

published: 18 Nov 2010

author: yenyes ar

Arihant singh, Me and VP Singh police chalan

...

published: 17 Jun 2009

author: 888aks

Camaro : Heritage

// Camaro : Heritage \\ - A celebration of the Chevrolet Camaro and it's heritage, over t...

published: 17 Oct 2011

author: X7 Productions

DJ SPE3D - Twelve (11-14-09)

TRACK LIST 01 - White Label - A New Pjanoo (Michael JT Bootleg) 02 - Lexter - Peace & Love...

published: 19 Jun 2011

author: Randy Singh

PORTFOLIO - SATTY SINGH

Here are a few of my projects I have designed through out University. In order of the slid...

published: 15 Sep 2009

author: Satty Singh

400m BELOW SEA LEVEL

Music Video shot by me and my brother for our amazing sister May. To participate in a worl...

published: 27 Oct 2010

author: Tal Mor

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photo: Public Domain

File - McDonald's Restaurant with prominent kids' playland, Panorama City, CA

I Saw Marx and Marxism at McDonalds Today

WorldNews.com

23 Feb 2013

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "No one who works full-time should have to live in poverty." -President Barack Obama, State of the Union Address, 2013. As of late, I have grown very fond and reflective of the workers at McDonalds. Since I do not have the internet in my apartment, I usually go there every Sunday where I drink coffee and read the latest online news ... the exploitation of one class by another....(size: 3.7Kb)

photo: AP / Photo

Villagers view the bodies of suspected attackers from the Pokomo tribe, following tribal clashes in Kipao village in the Tana River Delta region of southeastern Kenya Friday, Dec. 21, 2012.

Neighbors Kill Neighbors in Kenya as Election Tensions Stir Age-Old Grievances

The New York Times

22 Feb 2013

MALINDI, Kenya — In a room by the stairs, Shukrani Malingi, a Pokomo farmer, writhed on a metal cot, the skin on his back burned off. Down the hall, at a safe distance, Rahema Hageyo, an Orma girl, stared blankly out of a window, a long scar above her thimble-like neck. She was nearly decapitated by a machete chop — and she is only 9 months old. Connect With Us on Twitter ... Twitter List. Reporters and Editors ...   ... Op-Ed ... N.Y ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)

photo: AP / SANA

In this photo provided by the Syrian official news agency SANA, Syrian security agents carry a body following a huge explosion that shook central Damascus, Syria, Thursday, Feb. 21, 2013.

Russia claims US showing double standards on Syria

Khaleej Times

22 Feb 2013

MOSCOW ' Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov accused the United States on Friday of having double standards on Syria, saying it had blocked a UN Security Council statement condemning a car bomb attack in Damascus. Washington denied it had blocked the statement and said it had only asked for balance ... “We believe these are double standards,” Lavrov said after talks with China’s foreign minister ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)

photo: UN / Sylvain Liechti

File - Children in Bunyampuli, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)’s North Kivu province, seek refuge near a camp of the UN mission in the country, MONUSCO, after heavy fighting between Government FARDC forces and the Mai-Mai Cheka militia group, 22 May, 2012.

African leaders to sign DR Congo peace deal

Al Jazeera

24 Feb 2013

Presidents from Africa's Great Lakes regional nations are set to sign a new peace deal aimed at bringing stability to the war-torn east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Ban Ki-moon, the UN secretary-general, who will witness the signing on Sunday at the African Union's headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, has invited 11 countries to the meeting ... But after almost two decades of war, expectations are low ... ....(size: 7.7Kb)

photo: AP

Olympic athlete, Oscar Pistorius , in court Friday Feb. 22, 2013 in Pretoria, South Africa, for his bail hearing charged with the shooting death of his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp.

Pistorius ’knows jail almost guaranteed’

Canberra Times

22 Feb 2013

Oscar Pistorius appears at the Magistrate Court in Pretoria on day four of his bail hearing. Photo. AFP. The lead lawyer prosecuting Oscar Pistorius on murder charges has told a Pretoria bail hearing the sprinter knows a long spell in jail is ‘‘almost guaranteed’’ and is a flight risk ... ‘‘He must realise that a long term of imprisonment is almost guaranteed ... AFP/AAP . ....(size: 3.0Kb)

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Vashist Narayan Singh all set to be re-elected as Bihar JD(U) prez

Zeenews

24 Feb 2013

Senior JD(U) leader Vashist Narayan Singh is all set to be re-elected as Bihar unit president of the party for the second consecutive term. Singh, JD(U) Rajya ... Kumar is among the proposer of the name of Singh for the post of party state president....(size: 1.3Kb)

Fauja Singh takes his final bow

Deccan Herald

24 Feb 2013

Fauja Singh, at 101 the world’s oldest marathon runner, retired from competitive events a “very happy” man as he finished his last race here on Sunday. Singh, nicknamed the ‘Turbaned Tornado,’ finished the Hong Kong marathon’s 10-kilometre race in 1 hour, 32 minutes and 28 seconds....(size: 1.6Kb)

At 101, Fauja Singh calls it a day

The Hindu

24 Feb 2013

The 101-year-old Fauja Singh, the world’s oldest marathon runner of Indian-origin, retired from competitive events as a “very happy” man as he finished his last race on Sunday ... Singh, nicknamed the “Turbaned Tornado,” finished the Hong Kong marathon’s 10-kilometre race in 1 hour, 32 minutes and 28 seconds ... Singh says he does not suffer from any physical ailments....(size: 1.8Kb)

At 101, marathon runner Fauja Singh calls it a day

The Hindu

24 Feb 2013

World's oldest marathon runner Fauja Singh finishes his last race in Hong Kong at age 101

The Times of India

24 Feb 2013

Fauja Singh finished the Hong Kong marathon's 10-kilometer (6.25-mile) race on Sunday in a time of 1 hour, 32 minutes and 28 seconds. Singh, a ......(size: 0.8Kb)

Fauja Singh, 101, finishes last race

ESPN

24 Feb 2013

Fauja Singh finished the Hong Kong marathon's 6.25-mile race Sunday in 1 hour, 32 minutes, 28 seconds. Singh, a Sikh, wore a saffron turban and ......(size: 0.8Kb)

BJP working on improving strength in South, NE, Rajnath Singh says

The Times of India

24 Feb 2013

BJP president Rajnath Singh has said his party will focus on improving its electoral prospects in the southern states and the North-East in the next general elections as part of the NDA's efforts to win more seats and wrest power from the Congress-led UPA coalition ... As for the northeast, four MPs won from there last time and I hope that the number will not decrease," Singh told PTI in an interview....(size: 2.0Kb)

Manmohan Singh visits Hyderabad bomb blast sites, victims in hospital

Newstrack India

24 Feb 2013

Manmohan Singh today visited Dilsukh Nagar blast site in Hyderabad and some of the injured who are being treated at private hospitals at Malakpet area nearby ... Singh assured all necessary help to the families of blast victims and injured ... Singh, briefed him about the incident ... Singh spent about five minutes at the blast site. Dr Singh has already ......(size: 1.9Kb)

'Oldest marathon man' Fauja Singh runs last 10km race

BBC News

24 Feb 2013

Fauja Singh, from Ilford, east London, who is 101 years old, finished the Hong Kong 10km (6.25 mile) event in one hour, 32 minutes and 28 seconds ... I will miss it," Mr Singh said minutes after crossing the finish line ... Mr Singh was not a professional runner when he was young but a farmer in Punjab, India....(size: 1.5Kb)

BJP working on improving strength in South, NE: Rajnath Singh

DNA India

24 Feb 2013

BJP President Rajnath Singh has said his party will focus on improving its electoral prospects in the southern states and the North-East in the next general elections as part of the NDA's efforts to win more seats and wrest power from the Congress-led UPA coalition ... As for the North-East, four MPs won from there last time and I hope that the number will not decrease," Singh told PTI in an interview....(size: 2.0Kb)

PM Manmohan Singh arrives in Hyderabad, to visit blast sites

Indian Express

24 Feb 2013

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh today arrived here from Delhi in a special aircraft to visit Thursday's blast sites in the city ... Singh took a chopper to ......(size: 0.8Kb)

AP PHOTOS: World's oldest marathon runner Fauja Singh finishes his last race at age 101

Star Tribune

24 Feb 2013

Singh says he will now hang up his sneakers ... I will miss it," Singh said minutes after ......(size: 0.5Kb)

Finchem: 'No time urgency' on Singh case

Golf Channel

24 Feb 2013

– Nearly a month after Vijay Singh admitted to using a deer-antler spray that reportedly included ... If IGF-1 was in the Ultimate Spray, which Singh purchased from an Alabama-based company, he could be suspended for up to one year and fined up to $500,000....(size: 1.3Kb)

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Vishwanath Pratap Singh
150px
7th Prime Minister of India
In office 2 December 1989 – 10 November 1990
President	Ramaswamy Venkataraman
Deputy	Chaudhary Devi Lal
Preceded by	Rajiv Gandhi
Succeeded by	Chandra Shekhar
Minister of Defence
In office 2 December 1989 – 10 November 1990
Preceded by	Krishna Chandra Pant
Succeeded by	Chandra Shekhar Singh
In office 24 January 1987 – 12 April 1987
Prime Minister	Rajiv Gandhi
Preceded by	Rajiv Gandhi
Succeeded by	Krishna Chandra Pant
Minister of Finance
In office 31 December 1984 – 23 January 1987
Prime Minister	Rajiv Gandhi
Preceded by	Pranab Mukherjee
Succeeded by	Rajiv Gandhi
Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
In office 9 June 1980 – 19 July 1982
Governor	Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh
Preceded by	Banarsi Das
Succeeded by	Sripati Mishra
Personal details
Born	(1931-06-25)25 June 1931 Allahabad, British Raj (now India)
Died	27 November 2008(2008-11-27) (aged 77) New Delhi, India
Political party	Jan Morcha (1987–1988; 2006–2008)
Other political affiliations	Indian National Congress (Before 1987) Janata Dal (1988–2006)
Alma mater	Allahabad University University of Pune
Religion	Hinduism
Signature

Vishwanath Pratap Singh (25 June 1931 – 27 November 2008) was the seventh Prime Minister of India and the 41st Raja Bahadur of Manda.

Early life [link]

He was born in the Rajput Gaharwar (Rathore) Royal Family of Manda to Raja Bhagwati Prasad Singh of Daiya and was later adopted by Raja Bahadur Ram Gopal Singh of Manda in 1936, whom he succeeded in 1941. V. P. Singh studied at Colonel Brown Cambridge School, Dehradun for five years, and entered local politics in Allahabad during the Nehru era. He married Rani Sita Kumari, born 1936 in Deogarh, Udaipur, daughter of Rawat Sangram Singh II of Deogarh on 25 June 1955. He soon made a name for himself in the state Congress Party for his unfailing rectitude, a reputation that he would carry with him throughout his career.

Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh [link]

He was appointed by Indira Gandhi as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1980, when the Congress came back to power after the Janata Party interregnum. As Chief Minister, he cracked down hard on the dacoity, or banditry, problem, that was particularly severe in the rural districts of the south-west. He received much favourable national publicity when he offered to resign following a self-professed failure to stamp out the problem, and again when he personally oversaw the surrender of some of the most feared dacoits of the area in 1983. However he is often accused of falsely accusing Rajeev Gandhi in Bofors case out of political rivalry based on caste based politics.His reservation policies are often described by polical analyst as only a way to divide congress"s socialist votebank consisting of Brahmin,Muslims,OBC on caste grounds and to hamper left ideology's spread in cow belt.He is often accused to wage caste based political vendetta on Brahmin leaders in UP like Harishankar Tiwari and supporting Rajput leaders like Virendra Pratap Shahi who was allegedly eliminated by another criminal Shriprakash Shukla.

Cabinet Minister for Finance and Defence [link]

Called to the Centre following Rajiv Gandhi's massive mandate in the 1984 General elections, he was appointed to the pivotal post of Finance Minister, where he oversaw the gradual relaxation of the license Raj as Rajiv had in mind. During his term as Finance Minister, he oversaw the reduction of gold smuggling by reducing gold taxes and the excellent tactic of giving the police a portion of the smuggled gold that they found. He also gave extraordinary powers to the Enforcement Directorate of the Finance Ministry, the wing of the ministry charged with tracking down tax evaders, then headed by Bhure Lal. Following a number of high-profile raids on suspected evaders – including Dhirubhai Ambani^[1] and Amitabh Bachchan – Rajiv was forced to sack him as Finance Minister, possibly because many of the raids were conducted on industrialists who had supported the Congress financially in the past. However, Singh's popularity was at such a pitch that only a sideways move seemed to have been possible, to the Defence Ministry.^[2]

Once ensconced in South Block, Singh began to investigate the notoriously murky world of defence procurement. After a while, word began to spread that Singh possessed information about the Bofors defence deal^[3] that could damage the Prime Minister's reputation. Before he could act on it, he was dismissed from the Cabinet and, in response, resigned his memberships in the Congress Party and the Lok Sabha.^[4]

In Opposition [link]

Jan Morcha, Janata Dal, and National Front [link]

Together with associates Arun Nehru and Arif Mohammad Khan, Singh floated an opposition party named the Jan Morcha.^[5] He was re-elected to Lok Sabha in a tightly contested by-election from Allahabad, defeating Sunil Shastri.^[6]^[7] On 11 October 1988, the birthday of the original Janata coalition's spiritual leader Jayaprakash Narayan, the Janata Dal was formed by merger of Jan Morcha, Janata Party, Lok Dal and Congress (S), in order to bring together all the centrist parties opposed to the Rajiv Gandhi government, and V. P. Singh was elected the President of the Janata Dal. A federation of the Janata Dal with various regional parties including the DMK, TDP, and AGP, came into being, called the National Front, with V. P. Singh as convener, N. T. Rama Rao as President, and Leader of the Opposition, P. Upendra as a General Secretary.^[8]

General Elections of 1989 [link]

The National Front fought the elections in 1989 after coming to an electoral understanding with the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party and the Communist Left Front that served to unify the anti-Congress vote. The National Front, with its allies, earned a simple majority in the Lok Sabha and decided to form a government. The Left Front (under E. M. S. Namboodiripad and Indrajit Gupta) and the BJP (under L. K. Advani) declined to serve in the government, preferring to support it from outside.

Election as Prime Minister [link]

In a dramatic meeting in the Central Hall of Parliament on 1 December, V. P. Singh proposed the name of Devi Lal as Prime Minister, in spite of the fact that he himself had been clearly projected by the anti-Congress forces as the 'clean' alternative to Rajiv and their Prime Ministerial candidate. Devi Lal, a Jat leader from Haryana stood up and refused the nomination, and said that he would prefer to be an 'elder uncle' to the Government, and that Singh should be PM.^[9]^[10] This last part came as a clear surprise to Chandra Shekhar, the former head of the erstwhile Janata Party, and Singh's greatest rival within the Janata Dal. Shekhar, who had clearly expected that an agreement had been forged with Lal as the consensus candidate, stormed out of the meeting and refused to serve in the Cabinet.

Prime minister [link]

Cabinet [link]

The V. P. Singh Cabinet
OFFICE	NAME

Prime Minister	V. P. Singh
Deputy Prime minister	Chaudhary Devi Lal

Home affairs	Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, Subodh Kant Sahay (MoS)
External affairs	I. K. Gujral
Defence	retained by the PM
Finance	Madhu Dandavate
Agriculture	Chaudhary Devi Lal, Nitish Kumar (MoS)
Information & Broadcasting; Parliamentary Affairs	P. Upendra
Law and Justice	Dinesh Goswami
Commerce & Tourism	Arun Nehru, Arangil Sreedharan (MoS)
Civil Aviation & Energy	Arif Mohammad Khan
Railways; Kashmir affairs	George Fernandes
Shipping & Transport	Janeshwar Mishra
Petroleum & Chemicals	M. S. Gurupadaswamy
Textiles	Sharad Yadav
Industry	Chaudhary Ajit Singh
Labour & Employment	Ram Vilas Paswan
Environment & Forests	Nilamani Routray, Maneka Gandhi (MoS)
Telecommunications	K. P. Unnikrishnan
Urban Development	Murasoli Maran
Water Resources	Manubhai Kotadia (MoS)

President	R. Venkataraman
Vice-President	Shankar Dayal Sharma
Speaker	Rabi Ray
Leader of the Opposition	Rajiv Gandhi

President, Janata Dal	S. R. Bommai
President, National Front	N. T. Rama Rao

Cabinet Secretary	V. C. Pande

Singh held office for slightly less than a year, from 2 December 1989 to 10 November 1990. During this time, Janata Dal came to power in 5 Indian states under Om Prakash Chautala (Banarsi Das Gupta, Hukam Singh), Chimanbhai Patel, Biju Patnaik, Laloo Prasad Yadav, and Mulayam Singh Yadav, and the National Front constituents in three more under M. Karunanidhi, N. T. Rama Rao, and Prafulla Kumar Mahanta. The Janata Dal also shared power in Kerala under E. K. Nayanar and in Rajasthan under Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (supporting the BJP government from outside).

Punjab, Kashmir, and Pakistan [link]

He faced his first crisis within few days of taking office: terrorists kidnapped the daughter of his Home Minister, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed (Former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir). His government agreed to the demand for releasing militants in exchange;^[11] partly to end the storm of criticism that followed, he shortly thereafter appointed Jagmohan, a controversial former bureaucrat, as Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, on the insistence of the BJP who were concerned that an insufficiently hard line was being taken with the separatist elements in the state. In Punjab, Singh replaced the hardline Siddhartha Shankar Ray as Governor with another former bureaucrat, Nirmal Kumar Mukarji, who moved forward on a timetable for fresh elections. Singh himself made a much-publicised visit to the Golden Temple to ask forgiveness for Operation Bluestar and the combination of events caused the long rebellion in Punjab to die down markedly in a few months.^[12] V. P. Singh also withdrew the IPKF from Sri Lanka^[13] and thwarted the efforts of Pakistan under Benazir Bhuto to start a border war.^[14]^[15]

Reservation for Backward Classes [link]

Singh himself wished to move forward nationally on social justice-related issues, which would in addition consolidate the caste coalition that supported the Janata Dal in North India, and accordingly decided to implement the recommendations of the Mandal Commission which suggested that a fixed quota of all jobs in the public sector be reserved for members of the historically disadvantaged so-called Other Backward Classes. (Generally abbreviated OBCs, these were Hindu castes, and certain non-Hindu caste-like communities, which, though not untouchable, had been socially and educationally backward). This decision led to widespread protests among the upper caster youth in urban areas in North India. OBC reservation (less creamy layer) was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2008.^[16]^[17]

Tussle with Dhirubhai Ambani [link]

In 1990, the government-owned financial institutions like the Life Insurance Corporation of India and the General Insurance Corporation stonewalled attempts by the Reliance group to acquire managerial control over Larsen & Toubro. Sensing defeat, the Ambanis resigned from the board of the company. Dhirubhai, who had become L&T's chairman in April 1989, had to quit his post to make way for D. N. Ghosh, former chairman of the State Bank of India.

Babri Masjid [link]

Meanwhile the BJP was moving its own agenda forward: in particular, the Ram Janmabhoomi agitation, which served as a rallying cry for several radical Hindu organisations, took on new life. The party president, L. K. Advani, with Pramod Mahajan as aide, toured the northern states on a rath – a bus converted to look like a mythical chariot – with the intention of drumming up support.^[18] Before he could complete the tour by reaching the disputed site in Ayodhya, he was arrested on Singh's orders at Samastipur on the charges of disturbing the peace and fomenting communal tension. The kār-seva (demolition of the mosque and construction of the temple) proposed by Advani on 30 October 1990 was prevented by stationing troops at the site.^[19]^[20]^[21] This led to the BJP's suspension of support to the National Front government.^[22] V. P. Singh faced the vote of confidence saying that he occupied the high moral ground, as he stood for secularism, had saved the Babri Masjid at the cost of power and had upheld the fundamental principles which were challenged during the crises; `What kind of India do you want?', he asked of his opponents of various shades in Parliament before losing the vote 142–346;^[23]^[24]^[25] only the portion of the National Front remaining loyal to him (see below) and the Left front supported him in the vote.

Chandra Shekhar [link]

Chandra Shekhar immediately seized the moment and left the Janata Dal with several of his own supporters (including Devi Lal, Janeshwar Mishra, H. D. Deve Gowda, Maneka Gandhi, Ashoke Kumar Sen, Subodh Kant Sahay, Om Prakash Chautala, Hukam Singh, Chimanbhai Patel, Mulayam Singh Yadav, Yashwant Sinha, V. C. Shukla, and Sanjay Singh) to form the Samajwadi Janata Party / Janata Dal (Socialist).^[26] Although he had a mere 64 MPs, Rajiv Gandhi, the leader of the Opposition, agreed to support him on the floor of the House; so he won a confidence motion and was sworn in as Prime Minister.^[27] 8 Janata Dal MPs who voted for this motion were disqualified by the speaker Rabi Ray. He lasted only a few months before Gandhi withdrew support and fresh elections were called. He tried his best to get support till the last minute but failed.

Aftermath [link]

Singh contested the new elections but his party was relegated to the opposition^[28]^[29] chiefly due to the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi during the election campaign, and he later retired from active politics. He spent the next few years touring the country speaking about matters related to issues of social justice and his artistic pursuits, chiefly painting. In the H. D. Deve Gowda and I. K. Gujral governments of the late 1990s, Singh acted as a sort of elder statesman and adviser for the successors to the National Front coalition. In 1992, Singh was the first to propose the name of the future President K. R. Narayanan as a (eventually successful) candidate for Vice President. Later the same year in December, he led his followers to Ayodhya to oppose the Kar seva proposed by L. K. Advani, and was arrested before he could reach the site; the Masjid was demolished by the kar sevaks a few days later. He was diagnosed with cancer in 1998 and ceased his public appearances.

Jan Morcha relaunch [link]

When his cancer went into remission in 2003, he once again became a visible figure, especially in the many groupings that had inherited the space once occupied by his Janata Dal. Ironically, his caste-based social justice policies had caused the rise of parties like the Bahujan Samaj Party that were formed around caste identities; his own notion of populist socialism was thus squeezed out of the electoral marketplace. To remedy this, he relaunched^[30] the Jan Morcha in 2006 with Raj Babbar as President, and began the slow process of aggregation of smaller parties in the North with a view to contesting the 2007 Uttar Pradesh elections.

Agitation at Dadri [link]

Singh was placed under arrest in Ghaziabad as he and his supporters were proceeding towards a hauling where prohibitory orders under Section 144 had been imposed to join the farmers agitating against the acquisition of land at Dadri by the Anil Ambani-owned Reliance Industries and demanding adequate compensation.^[31] Later, Singh and CPI General Secretary A. B. Bardhan^[32] were again arrested on the U. P. border when they were proceeding to Dadri. However, Singh and Babbar were later able to evade the police, reaching Dadri on 18 August 2006, and ploughing the land in solidarity with the farmers.^[33]^[34]

Death [link]

V. P. Singh died after a long struggle with multiple myeloma (bone marrow cancer) and renal failure at Apollo Hospital in Delhi on 27 November 2008.^[35]^[36] It is also noted that he died during the 26/11 attacks. He was cremated at Allahabad on the banks of the River Ganges on 29 November 2008, his son Ajeya Singh lighting the funeral pyre.^[37]

National Jan Morcha [link]

After the party drew a blank in the 2007 UP elections, Raj Babbar joined the Congress, and Singh's elder son Ajeya Singh (Ajeya Pratap Singh) took over the reins of the party in anticipation of the 2009 General elections.^[38] In March 2009 Ajeya Singh announced that Jan Morcha was to be merged with the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP). Ajeya Singh and other members were inducted into the LJP and Ajeya was declared a Vice President of the party and its candidate from Fatehpur Lok Sabha constituency.^[39] However, later, Ram Vilas Paswan joined hands with the Samajwadi Party (SP) of Mulayam Singh Yadav and the RJD of Laloo Prasad Yadav, to form a Fourth front, and Mulayam Singh declared that the LJP would not contest any seats in UP.^[40] Ajeya Singh then contested as Jan Morcha candidate from Fatehpur, but lost to Rakesh Sachan of the SP.

The Jan Morcha was renamed as the National Jan Morcha in June 2009 and dedicated to farmer's causes and to forging a third alternative in national politics.^[41] A month later, the Jan Morcha merged with the Indian National Congress.^[42]

Films on V. P. Singh [link]

Juliet Reynolds, an art critic and a close friend of Singh, made a short documentary on him, titled The Art of the Impossible (45 minutes long), and covers his political and artistic career.^[43]

Suma Josson made another film on Singh titled One more day to live.^[44]

Books on V. P. Singh [link]

G. S. Bhargava: Peristroika in India: V. P. Singh's Prime ministership, Gian publishing house, New Delhi, 1990.
Madan Gaur: V. P. Singh: portrait of a leader, Press and Publicity Syndicate of India, 1990.
Seema Mustafa: The lonely prophet: V. P. Singh, a political biography, New Age international, 1995.
Ram Bahadur Rai: Manjil se jyada safar (in Hindi), 2005.

Other books connected to V. P. Singh [link]

I. K. Gujral: Matters of Discretion: An Autobiography, Hay House, India, 519 pages, Feb. 2011. ISBN 978-93-8048-080-0. Distributors: Penguin books, India. (The only autobiography by an Indian PM)
R. Venkataraman: My Presidential Years, HarperCollins/Indus, 1995. ISBN 81-7223-202-0.
P. Upendra: Gatham Swagatham.

References [link]

^ In May 1985, Singh suddenly removed the import of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) from the Open General License category. As a raw material this was very important to manufacture polyester filament yarn. This made it very difficult for Reliance Industries under Dhirubhai Ambani to carry on operations. Reliance was able to secure, from various financial institutions, letters of credit that would allow it to import almost one full year’s requirement of PTA on the eve of the issuance of the government notification changing the category under which PTA could be imported.
^ In India, economic gains and new perils. New York Times. (2 March 1987). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Indian Government Lodges First Charges In Weapons Scandal. New York Times. (23 January 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Turmoil and a Scandal Take a Toll on Gandhi. New York Times. (24 August 1987). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Is the Raja Ready for War, or Losing His Steam?. New York Times. (8 October 1987). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Gandhi foes face test of strength. New York Times. (13 June 1988). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Gandhi Is Finding Out Fast How Much He Had to Lose. New York Times. (3 July 1988). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ New Opposition Front in India Stages Lively Rally. New York Times. (18 September 1988). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Man in the News; V. P. Singh: Low-key Indian in high-anxiety job – New York Times report. New York Times (3 December 1989). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Indian opposition chooses a Premier. New York Times. (2 December 1989). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Kashmir Officials Under Attack For Yielding to Muslim Abductors. New York Times. (15 December 1989). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ India's Premier Offers Concessions to Sikhs. New York Times. (12 January 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ India, Stymied, Pulls Last Troops From Sri Lanka. New York Times. (25 March 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ India Asserts That Pakistan Is Preparing for Border War. New York Times. (15 April 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ India and Pakistan Make the Most of Hard Feelings. New York Times. (22 April 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Affirmative Action Has India's Students Astir. New York Times. (22 August 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Premier of India in appeal on riots. New York Times. (27 September 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Hindu fundamentalist threatens India's government over temple. New York Times. (18 October 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ India Sends Troops to Stop Hindu March. New York Times. (26 October 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ India ready to bar Hindu move today – New York Times report. New York Times. (30 October 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Toll in India clash at Mosque rises. New York Times. (1 November 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ India's Prime Minister Loses His Parliamentary Majority in Temple Dispute. New York Times. (24 October 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ India's cabinet falls as Premier loses confidence vote, by 142–346, and quits – New York Times report. New York Times (8 November 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ A Test of Principles in India – New York Times Editorial. New York Times. (8 November 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ A Question Unanswered: Where Is India Headed?. New York Times. (11 November 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Dissidents Split Indian Prime Minister's Party. New York Times. (6 November 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Rival of Singh Becomes India Premier. New York Times. (10 November 1990). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ For India, Will It Be Change, Secularism or a Right Wing?. New York Times. (24 April 1991). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Ex-Darling of India Press Finds Himself Ignored – New York Times report. New York Times (14 May 1991). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ V. P. Singh, Raj Babbar launch new Jan Morcha^{[dead link]}
^ V. P. Singh arrested on way to Reliance plant^{[dead link]}
^ V. P. Singh, Bardhan held on U. P. border^{[dead link]}
^ V. P. Singh, Raj Babbar spring a surprise at Dadri^{[dead link]}
^ Jan Morcha plans `Nyaya Yatra'^{[dead link]}
^ V. P. Singh passes away^{[dead link]}
^ Pandya, Haresh. (29 November 2008) V. P. Singh, a leader of India who defended poor, dies at 77 – New York Times report. New York Times.. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ V. P. Singh cremated^{[dead link]}
^ An irreparable loss: Mayawati^{[dead link]}
^ Jan Morcha merges with LJP^{[dead link]}
^ Corruption main poll issue: Mulayam^{[dead link]}
^ National Jan Morcha plans farmers’ meet in Delhi^{[dead link]}
^ Jan Morcha merges with Congress. The Hindu. (25 July 2009). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ The Raja, Up, Close and Personal. Indian Express. (21 January 2001). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
^ Suma Josson. Cinemaofmalayalam.net. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: V. P. Singh

Prime minister's office
Speech opposing the India-US nuclear deal Part I Part II, Oct. 2007.

Political offices
Preceded by Banarsi Das	Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh 1980–1982	Succeeded by Sripati Mishra
Preceded by Pranab Mukherjee	Minister of Finance 1985–1987	Succeeded by Rajiv Gandhi
Preceded by Rajiv Gandhi	Minister of Defence 1987	Succeeded by Krishna Chandra Pant
	Prime Minister of India 1989–1990	Succeeded by Chandra Shekhar
	Chairperson of the Planning Commission 1989–1990
Preceded by Krishna Chandra Pant	Minister of Defence 1989–1990

v t e Prime Minister of India

Jawaharlal Nehru Lal Bahadur Shastri Indira Gandhi Morarji Desai Charan Singh Rajiv Gandhi V. P. Singh Chandra Shekhar P. V. Narasimha Rao Atal Bihari Vajpayee H. D. Deve Gowda I. K. Gujral Manmohan Singh

Persondata
Name	Singh, Vishwanath Pratap
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	25 June 1931
Place of birth	Allahabad, United Provinces, British India
Date of death	27 November 2008
Place of death	New Delhi, Delhi, India

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Anna Hazare
Anna Hazare in Nanded, Maharastra
Born	Kisan Hazare (1937-06-15) 15 June 1937 (age 75) Bhingar, Bombay Province, British India
Nationality	Indian
Other names	Kisan Baburao Hazare
Known for	Indian anti-corruption movement - 2012, Indian anti-corruption movement - 2011, Watershed development programmes, Right to Information
Influenced by	Mahatma Gandhi, Swami Vivekananda
Political movement	Indian anti-corruption movement, Peace movement
Religion	Hinduism
Spouse	Never Married
Parents	Laxmibai Hazare Baburao Hazare
Awards	Padma Shri (1990) Padma Bhushan (1992)
Website
www.annahazare.org www.beinganna.org

Kisan Baburao Hazare pronunciation (help·info) (Marathi: किसन बाबुराव हजारे, Kisan Bāburāv Hajārē ^?) (born 15 June 1937), popularly known as Anna Hazare pronunciation (help·info) (Marathi: अण्णा हजारे, Aṇṇā Hajārē ^?) is an Indian social activist who led movements to promote rural development, increase government transparency, and investigate and punish official corruption. In addition to organizing and encouraging grassroots movements, Hazare frequently conducted hunger strikes to further his causes—a tactic reminiscent, to many, of the work of Mohandas K. Gandhi.^[1]^[2]^[3] Hazare also contributed to the development and structuring of Ralegan Siddhi, a village in Parner taluka of Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan—the third-highest civilian award—by the Government of India in 1992 for his efforts in establishing this village as a model for others.^[4]

Anna Hazare started an indefinite hunger strike on 5 April 2011 to exert pressure on the Indian government to enact a stringent anti-corruption law, The Lokpal Bill, 2011 as envisaged in the Jan Lokpal Bill, for the institution of an ombudsman with the power to deal with corruption in public places. The fast led to nation-wide protests in support. The fast ended on 9 April 2011, a day after the government accepted Hazare's demands. The government issued a gazette notification on the formation of a joint committee, consisting of government and civil society representatives, to draft the legislation.^[5]^[6]

For the year 2011 Foreign Policy magazine named him among top 100 global thinkers.^[7] Also in 2011 Anna was ranked as the most influential person in Mumbai by a national daily newspaper.^[8] He has faced criticism for his authoritarian views on justice, including death as punishment for corrupt public officials and his alleged support for forced vasectomies as a method of family planning.^[9]^[10]

1 Early life
2 Military service
3 Transformation of Ralegan Siddhi
4 Activism
5 Controversies and criticism
6 Conspiracy to murder Hazare
7 Honours, awards and international recognition
8 Personal life
9 Writings
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links

Early life [link]

Kisan Hazare was born on 15 June 1937^{[citation needed]} (some sources say 1940)^[11] in Bhingar, near to Ahmednagar. The eldest son, with two sisters and four brothers, the later adoption of the name Anna in Marathi it uses for elder person which is equal to "father". His father worked in a pharmacy and struggled to support the family financially. In time, the family moved to their ancestral village of Ralegan Siddhi, where they owned a small amount of agricultural land. A relative took on the burden of providing Kisan with an education, taking him to Mumbai because the village had no primary school. The relative became unable financially to continue the support and Kisan's schooling ended in the Standard Seventh grade; his siblings never attended school.^[12] He started selling flowers at the Dadar railway station in Mumbai and eventually managed to own two flower shops in the city.^[13] He also became involved in vigilantism, joining groups who acted to prevent landlords' thugs from intimidating the poor out of their shelter.^[14]

Military service [link]

The Indo-China War of 1962 caused the Indian Army to commence emergency recruitment measures. Hazare was drafted in April 1963, despite not meeting the physical requirements, and was attested as a soldier on 16 November of that year after undertaking training at Aurangabad.^[12]^[15]

During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Hazare was posted at the border in the Khem Karan sector. He was the sole survivor of an enemy attack—variously claimed to have been a bomb, an aerial assault and an exchange of fire at the border—while he was driving a truck.^[12]^[13]^[16] The experiences of wartime, coupled with the poverty from which he had come, affected him. He considered suicide at one point but turned instead to pondering the meaning of life and death.^[12] He said of the truck attack, "[It] sent me thinking. I felt that God wanted me to stay alive for some reason. I was reborn in the battlefield of Khem Karan. And I decided to dedicate my new life to serving people."^[13] He spent his spare time reading the works of Swami Vivekananda, Gandhi, and Vinoba Bhave.^[17] In a blog post, Hazare expressed his views on Kashmir by saying that it was his "active conviction that Kashmir is an integral part of India" and that if required once again for service, he would remain "ready to take part in war against Pakistan."^[18]

During the mid-1970s, Hazare survived a road crash while driving for the army. He interpreted his survival as a further sign that his life was intended to be dedicated to service.^[14] Despite subsequent allegations that he had deserted from the army, official records show that he was honourably discharged in 1975 after completing 12 years of service.^[15]

Transformation of Ralegan Siddhi [link]

Hazare returned to Ralegan Siddhi, a village then described by Satpathy and Mehta as "one of the many villages of India plagued by acute poverty, deprivation, a fragile ecosystem, neglect and hopelessness."^[19]

Although most of the villagers owned some land, cultivation was extremely difficult due to the rocky ground preventing retention of the monsoon rains, this situation was worsened by gradual environmental deterioration as trees were cut down, erosion spread and droughts were also experienced. The shortage of water also led to disease from unsanitary conditions and water reuse for multiple purposes. The economy of the village had become reliant on the illegal manufacture and sale of alcohol, a product on which many of the villagers had become dependent. Many inhabitants borrowed from moneylenders to survive, paying monthly interest rates of as much as 10%. Crime and violence (including domestic violence) had become commonplace, while education and employment opportunities were poor.^[14]^[20]

Hazare was relatively wealthy because of the gratuity from his army service. He set about using that money to restore a run-down, vandalised village temple as a focal point for the community. Some were able to respond with small financial donations but many other villagers, particularly among the elderly, donated their labour in a process that became known as shramdaan. Some youths also became involved in the work and these he organised into a Tarun Mandal (Youth Association). One of the works of Vivekananda which he had read was Call to the youth for nation building.^[21]

Prohibition of alcohol [link]

Hazare and the youth group decided to take up the issue of alcoholism to drive a process of reform. At a meeting conducted in the temple, the villagers resolved to close down liquor dens and ban alcohol in the village. Since these resolutions were made in the temple, they became, in a sense, religious commitments. Over thirty liquor brewing units voluntarily closed their establishments. Those who did not succumb to social pressure were forced to close their businesses when the youth group smashed their premises. The owners could not complain as their businesses were illegal.^[22]

Drunken villagers were tied to pillars and then flogged, sometimes personally by Hazare. He justified this punishment by stating that “rural India was a harsh society”,^[23] and that

Doesn’t a mother administer bitter medicines to a sick child when she knows that the medicine can cure her child? The child may not like the medicine, but the mother does it only because she cares for the child. The alcoholics were punished so that their families would not be destroyed.^[24]

Hazare appealed to the government of Maharashtra to pass a law whereby prohibition would come into force in a village if 25% of the women in the village demanded it. In 2009 the state government amended the Bombay Prohibition Act, 1949 to reflect this.^[25]

It was decided to ban the sale of tobacco, cigarettes, and beedies (an unfiltered cigarette where the tobacco is rolled in tendu also known as Diospyros melanoxylon leaves instead of paper) in the village. In order to implement this resolution, the youth group performed a unique "Holi" ceremony twenty two years ago.^[when?] The festival of Holi is celebrated as a symbolic burning of evil. The youth group brought all the tobacco, cigarettes, and beedies from the shops in the village and burnt them in a Holi fire. Tobacco, cigarettes, or beedies are no longer sold.^[26]^[27]

Grain Bank [link]

In 1980, Anna started the Grain Bank at the temple, with the objective of providing food security to needy farmers during times of drought or crop failure. Rich farmers, or those with surplus grain production, could donate a quintal to the bank. In times of need, farmers could borrow the grain, but they had to return the amount of grain they borrowed, plus an additional quintal as an interest. This ensured that nobody in the village ever went hungry or had to borrow money to buy grain. This also prevented distress sales of grain at lower prices at harvest time.^[12]

Watershed development programme [link]

Ralegan Siddhi is located in the foothills, so Hazare persuaded villagers to construct a watershed embankment and associated works to stop water and allow it to percolate and increase the ground water level and improve irrigation in the area. These efforts solved the problem of water scarcity in the village and made irrigation possible.^[14]^[17]

Cultivation of water-intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oilseeds, and certain cash crops with low water requirements replaced them. The farmers started growing high-yield varieties and changed cropping pattern. Hazare has helped farmers of more than 70 villages in drought-prone regions in the state of Maharashtra since 1975.^[28] When Hazare came to Ralegan Siddhi in 1975 only 70 acres (28 ha) of land was irrigated, Hazare converted it into about 2,500 acres (1,000 ha).^[22]

Milk production [link]

As a secondary occupation, milk production was promoted in Ralegan Siddhi. Purchase of new cattle and improvement of the existing breed with the help of artificial insemination and timely guidance and assistance by a veterinarian improvemd the cattle stock, increasing milk production.^{[citation needed]}

Education [link]

In 1932, Ralegan Siddhi got its first formal school, a single classroom primary school.^{[clarification needed]} In 1962, the villagers added more classrooms through community volunteer efforts. By 1971, out of an estimated population of 1,209, only 30.43% were literate (72 women and 290 men). Boys moved to the nearby towns of Shirur and Parner to pursue higher education, but girls were limited to primary education. Hazare, along with the youth of Ralegan Siddhi, worked to increase literacy rates and education levels. In 1976 they started a pre-school and a high school in 1979. The villagers formed a charitable trust, the Sant Yadavbaba Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, which was registered in 1979.^{[citation needed]}

Removal of untouchability [link]

The social barriers and discrimination that existed due to the caste system in India have been largely eliminated by Ralegan Siddhi villagers. It was Hazare's moral leadership that motivated and inspired the villagers to shun untouchability and caste discrimination. Marriages of Dalits are held as part of community marriage program together with those of other castes. The Dalits have become integrated into the social and economic life of the village. The upper caste villagers built houses for the lower caste Dalits by shramdaan and helped to repay their loans.^[29]^[30]^[31]

Collective marriages [link]

Most rural poor get into a debt trap as they incur heavy expenses at the time of marriage of their daughter or son. It is an undesirable practice but has become a social obligation in India. Instead, Ralegan's people started celebrating marriages collectively. Joint feasts are held, where expenses are further reduced by the Tarun Mandal taking responsibility for cooking and serving the food. The vessels, the loudspeaker system, the mandap, and the decorations have also been bought by the Tarun Mandal members belonging to the oppressed castes. From 1976 to 1986, 424 marriages have been held under this system.^{[citation needed]}

Gram Sabha [link]

The Gandhian philosophy on rural development considers the Gram Sabha as an important democratic institution for collective decision-making in the villages of India.^[32] Hazare campaigned between 1998 and 2006 for amending the Gram Sabha Act, so that villagers have a say in the village's development. The state government initially refused, but eventually gave in to public pressure. It became mandatory to seek the sanction of the Gram Sabha (an assembly of all village adults, and not just the few elected representatives in the gram panchayat) for expenditures on development works in the village.^[25]

Activism [link]

Anti-corruption protests in Maharashtra [link]

Anna Hazare listening to the problems of people at Nanded, Maharashtra.

Anna Hazare's Supporter's cap which reads " I am Anna Hazare".

In 1991 Hazare launched the Bhrashtachar Virodhi Jan Aandolan (BVJA) (People's Movement against Corruption), a popular movement to fight against corruption^[33] in Ralegaon Siddhi. In the same year he protested against the collusion between 40 forest officials and timber merchants. This protest resulted in the transfer and suspension of these officials.^[34]

In May 1997 Hazare protested alleged malpractice in the purchase of powerlooms by the Vasantrao Naik Bhathya Vimukt Jhtra Governor P. C. Alexander.^[35] On 4 November 1997 Gholap filed a defamation suit against Hazare for accusing him of corruption. He was arrested in April 1998 and was released on a personal bond of 5,000 (US$100).^[36]^{[dead link]} On 9 September 1998 Hazare was imprisoned in the Yerawada Jail to serve a three-month sentence mandated by the Mumbai Metropolitan Court.^[16]^[37] The sentencing caused leaders of all political parties except the BJP and the Shiv Sena to support him. ^[38] Later, due to public protests, the Government of Maharashtra ordered his release. Hazare wrote a letter to then chief minister Manohar Joshi demanding Gholap's removal for his role in alleged malpractices in the Awami Merchant Bank.^[39] Gholap resigned from the cabinet on 27 April 1999.^[40]

In 2003 corruption charges were raised by Hazare against four NCP ministers of the Congress-NCP government.^[41] He started his fast unto death on 9 August 2003. He ended his fast on 17 August 2003 after then chief minister Sushil Kumar Shinde formed a one-man commission headed by the retired justice P. B. Sawant to probe his charges.^[42] The P. B. Sawant commission report, submitted on 23 February 2005, indicted Sureshdada Jain, Nawab Malik, and Padmasinh Patil. The report exonerated Vijaykumar Gavit. Jain and Malik resigned from the cabinet in March 2005.^[43]

Three trusts headed by Anna Hazare were also indicted in the P. B. Sawant commission report. 220,000 (US$4,390) spent by the Hind Swaraj Trust for Anna Hazare's birthday celebrations was concluded by the commission as illegal and amounting to a corrupt practice,^[44]^[45] though Abhay Firodia, an industrialist subsequently donated 248,000 (US$4,950) to the trust for that purpose.^[46] The setting apart of 11 acres of its land by the trust in favour of the Zilla Parishad without obtaining permission from the charity commissioner was concluded as a case of maladministration. The commission also concluded that the maintenance of accounts of the Bhrashtachar Virodhi Janandolan Trust after 10 November 2001 had not been according to the rules and 46,374 (US$930) spent by the Sant Yadavbaba Shikshan Prasarak Mandal Trust for renovating a temple thwarted its object of imparting secular education.^[44]^[45]

Right to Information movement [link]

In the early 2000s Hazare led a movement in Maharashtra state which forced the state government to enact a revised Maharashtra Right to Information Act. This Act was later considered as the base document for the Right to Information Act 2005 (RTI), enacted by the Union Government. It also ensured that the President of India assented to this new Act.^[47]

On 20 July 2006 the Union Cabinet amended the Right to Information Act 2005 to exclude the file noting by the government officials from its purview. Hazare began his fast unto death on 9 August 2006 in Alandi against the proposed amendment. He ended his fast on 19 August 2006, after the government agreed to change its earlier decision.^[48]

Regulation of Transfers and Prevention of Delay in Discharge of Official Duties Act [link]

Before 2006 in the state of Maharashtra, honest government officers were transferred to other places according to ministerial wish, while some corrupt and favoured officials stayed put for decades. Anna fought hard for a law whereby a government servant must clear a file within a specified time and that transfers must take place only after three years. After many years of Anna's relentless efforts, on 25 May 2006 Maharashtra issued a notification announcing the Prevention of Delay in Discharge of Official Duties Act 2006. This act provided for disciplinary action against officials who move files slowly and enabled monitoring of officials who overstay a post, and for involvement in a corrupt nexus.

This act mandated the government to effect transfers of all government officers and employees, except Class IV workers, no sooner and no later than three years, except in emergency or exceptional circumstances. Maharashtra was the first state to have introduced such an act.^[25] However, like others, this law was not fully followed.^[49]^[50]

Campaign against liquor from food grains [link]

Article 47 of India's Constitution commits the State to raise the standard of living, improve public health and prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health.^[51]^[52]^[53]

In 2007 Maharashtra rolled out a grain-based liquor policy aimed to encourage production of liquor from food grain in light of the rising demand for spirits—used for industrial purposes and liquor. It issued 36 licenses for distilleries for making alcohol from food grains.^[53]

Anna Hazare opposed the government's policy to promote making liquor from food grains. He argued that Maharashtra had to import food and referring to food grains observed that promoting producing liquor from food grains was nappropriate.^[54] One of the State ministers Laxman Dhoble said in his speech that those opposing the decision to allow use of food grains for the production of liquor were anti-farmers and that opponents should be beaten with sugarcane sticks.^[55]^[56] Hazare began fasting at Shirdi, but on 21 March 2010 the government promised to review the policy and Anna ended his 5 day long fast.^[57] But the government later granted 36 licences and grants of 10 (US$0.2) (per litre of alcohol) to politicians or their sons who were engaged in making alcohol from foodgrains. Recipients included Amit and Dheeraj Deshmukh, sons of Union Heavy Industries Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh, Bharatiya Janata Party leader Gopinath Munde's daughter Pankaja Palwe and her husband Charudatta Palwe, sons-in-law of P.V. Narasimha Rao and Rajya Sabha MP Govindrao Adik.^[54]^[58]^[59] The government approved the licenses despite stiff opposition from the planning and finance departments, saying there was a huge demand in other countries for distilled spirits compared to that of molasses.^[60] Anna sued Maharashtra over the policy in the Nagpur bench of the Bombay High Court. On 20 August 2009 Maharashtra stopped the policy. However, distilleries sanctioned before that date and those who started production within two years of sanction were entitled for subsidies.

On 5 May 2011 court refused to hear the suit, saying, "not before me, this is a court of law, not a court of justice" as a reason for not hearing the plea.^[61]^[62] A Maharashtra Principal Secretary, C.S. Sangeet Rao, stated that no law existed to scrap these licences.^[54]

Lokpal Bill movement [link]

Anna Hazare's hunger strike at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi.

Main article: 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement

In 2011, Hazare initiated a Satyagraha movement for passing a stronger anti-corruption Lokpal (ombudsman) bill in the Indian Parliament, the Jan Lokpal Bill (People's Ombudsman Bill). The Jan Lokpal Bill was drafted earlier by N. Santosh Hegde, former justice of the Supreme Court of India and Lokayukta of Karnataka, Prashant Bhushan, a senior lawyer in the Supreme Court and Arvind Kejriwal, a social activist along with members of the India Against Corruption movement. The draft incorporated more stringent provisions and gave wider power to the Lokpal (Ombudsman) than the government's 2010 draft.^[63] These included placing "the Prime Minister within the ambit of the proposed lokpal’s powers".^[64]

Hunger strike [link]

Wikinews has related news: Anna Hazare begins "fast-unto-death" hunger strike to end corruption.

Hazare began his Indefinite Fast^[65] on 5 April 2011 at Jantar Mantar in Delhi to press for the demand to form a joint committee of the representatives of the Government and the civil society to draft a stronger anti-corruption bill with stronger penal actions and more independence to the Lokpal and Lokayuktas (Ombudsmen in the states), after his demand was rejected by Prime Minister Singh.^[66] He stated, "I will fast until Jan Lokpal Bill is passed".^[67]

The movement attracted attention in the media, and thousands of supporters. Almost 150 people reportedly joined Hazare in his fast.^[68] Social activists, including Medha Patkar, Arvind Kejriwal, former IPS officer Kiran Bedi, and Jayaprakash Narayan lent their support. People showed support in social media. In addition to spiritual leaders Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, Swami Ramdev, Swami Agnivesh and former Indian cricketer Kapil Dev, many celebrities supported him.^[69]^[70] Hazare decided that he would not allow any politician to sit with him. The protesters rejected Uma Bharti, Om Prakash Chautala and others when they visited the protest.^[71] On 6 April 2011 Sharad Pawar resigned from the group of ministers formed for reviewing the 2010 draft.^[72]

Protests spread to Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Guwahati, Shillong, Aizawl and other cities.^[73]

On 8 April the Government accepted the movement's demands. On 9 April it issued a notification in the Gazette of India on formation of a joint committee. It accepted the formula that there be a politician chair and an activist, non-politician co-chair. The notification stated, “The Joint Drafting Committee shall consist of five nominee ministers of the Government of India and five nominees of the civil society. The five nominee Ministers of the Government of India are Pranab Mukherjee, Union Minister of Finance, P. Chidambaram, Union Minister of Home Affairs, M. Veerappa Moily, Union Minister of Law and Justice, Kapil Sibal, Union Minister of Human Resource and Development and Minister of Communication and Information Technology and Salman Khursheed, Union Minister of Water Resources and Minister of Minority Affairs. The five non-politician nominees were Anna Hazare, N. Santosh Hegde, Shanti Bhushan Senior Advocate, Prashant Bhushan, Advocate and Arvind Kejriwal.^[74]^[75]

On the morning of 9 April Hazare ended his 98-hour hunger strike. He addressed the people and set a deadline of 15 August to pass the bill.

"Real fight begins now. We have a lot of struggle ahead of us in drafting the new legislation, We have shown the world in just five days that we are united for the cause of the nation. The youth power in this movement is a sign of hope."

Anna Hazare said that if the bill did not pass he would call for a mass nation-wide agitation.^[76]^[77]^{[dead link]} He called his movement as "second struggle for independence" and he will continue the fight.^[78]

Draft bill [link]

During the meeting of the joint drafting committee on 30 May, the Union government members opposed the inclusion of the prime minister, higher judiciary and the acts of the MPs under the purview of the Lokpal in the draft bill.^[79] On 31 May, Mukherjee sent a letter to the chief ministers of all states and party leaders seeking their opinion on six contentious issues, including whether to bring the prime minister and judges of India's Supreme Court and High Courts under the law's purview.^[80] But the civil society members of the drafting committee considered that keeping them out would be a violation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.^[81]

Anna Hazare and other civil society members decided to boycott the 6 June drafting committee meeting to protest the forcible eviction of Swami Ramdev and his followers by the Delhi Police from Ramlila Maidan on 5 June, while they were on a hunger strike against black money and corruption and doubting the government's seriousness.^[82]

On 6 June, the civil society members wrote to Mukherjee, explaining reasons for their absence and also asking government to go public on the major issues. They also decided to attend only future meetings that were telecast live.^[83] On 8 June at Rajghat, describing his movement as the second freedom struggle, Anna criticised the Government for trying to discredit the drafting committee and threatened to go on indefinite fast again from 16 August if the Lokpal Bill had not passed. He also criticised the Government for putting hurdles in front of the Bill and for maligning the civil society members.^[84]^[85]^[86]

Indefinite fast [link]

India Against Corruption campaign in Whitefield, Bangalore.

On 28 July the union cabinet approved a draft of the Lokpal Bill, which kept the Prime Minister, judiciary and lower bureaucracy out of the ombudsman's ambit. Hazare rejected the government version by describing it as “cruel joke’’ and wrote a letter to Singh announcing his decision to begin an indefinite fast from 16 August at Jantar Mantar, if the government introduced its own version of the bill without taking suggestions from civil society members.^[87]^[88] Hazare wrote:-

Why are you (government) sending the wrong draft? We have faith in Parliament. But first send the right draft, our agitation is against government, not Parliament. The government has overlooked many points. How will it fight corruption by excluding government employees, CBI and prime minister from the Lokpal's purview? We were told that both the drafts would be sent to the Cabinet. But only the government's draft was sent. This is a deceitful government. They are lying. How will they run the country? Now I have no trust in this government. If it is really serious about fighting corruption, why is it not bringing government employees and CBI under Lokpal?^[89]^{[dead link]}

Within twenty four hours of cabinet's endorsement of a weak Lokpal Bill, over ten thousand people from across the country sent faxes directly to the government demanding a stronger bill.^[90] The Mumbai Taxi Men’s Union, comprising over 30,000 taxi drivers supported Hazare’s fast by keeping all taxis off the roads on 16 August.^[91] Lawyers of Allahabad High Court described the government proposal as against the national interest and pledged their support to Hazare by hunger striking at Allahabad on 16 August.^[92]^{[dead link]} On 30 July Vishwa Hindu Parishad supported his fast by saying movement for an effective anti-corruption ombudsman needed the people's backing.^[93]

On 1 August, Public interest litigation was filed in the Supreme Court of India by Hemant Patil, a Maharashtra-based social worker and businessman, to restrain Hazare, alleging that Hazare's demands were unconstitutional and amounted to interference in the legislative process.^[94]

Arrest and aftermath [link]

Wikinews has related news: Anna Hazare to resume "fast-unto-death" hunger strike from August 16, 2011.

On 16 August, Hazare was arrested, four hours before the planned indefinite hunger strike.^[95] Rajan Bhagat, spokesman for Delhi Police, said police arrested Hazare for illegally gathering in a Delhi park to begin his hunger strike, claiming that Hazare refused to meet police conditions for allowing the protest.^[96] The conditions included restricting the fast to three days and the number of protesters to 5,000. Later in the afternoon, Hazare refused bail. The magistrate dispatched him to Tihar jail for seven days.^[97] After announcements by Prashant Bhushan, local television, and social media sites (including Facebook), thousands marched in support from the India Gate to Jantar Mantar.^[98]

Media reported that about 1,300 supporters were detained in Delhi, including key members of the India Against Corruption movement such as Arvind Kejriwal, Shanti Bhushan, Kiran Bedi and Manish Sisodia.^[99] Other reports other protests with people courting arrests in different parts of the country. Opposition parties came out against the arrest, likening the government action to the emergency imposed in the country in 1975. Both houses of Parliament adjourned over the issue.^[100]

After four hours in detention he was released unconditionally on a request by the police, but refused to leave Tihar Jail.^[101] He demanded unconditional permission to fast at Ramlila Maidan (Ground) and refused to leave.^[102] Hazare continued his fast inside the jail.^[103]

After his arrest, Hazare received support from people across the country. There were reports of "nearly 570 demonstrations and protests by Anna supporters across the country".^[64]^[104] Due to the millions of protesters nationwide,^[105] the government allowed him to begin a public hunger strike of fifteen days.^[106] After talks with public authorities, Hazare decided to hold his protest at Ramlila Maidan, New Delhi.^[107] On 20 August Hazare "left the Tihar Jail for the Ramlila Grounds".^[108] Hazare promised reporters "he would fight to the 'last breath' until the government gets his team's Jan Lokpal Bill passed in this session of Parliament, which ends on 8 September."^[64]

Fast at Ramlila Maidan [link]

Anna Hazare on fast unto death protest.

On 20 August thousands came to show their support for Hazare,^[109] while "his advisers made television appearances to rally public support and defend themselves against criticism that their protest campaign and refusal to compromise is undermining India's parliamentary process."^[110] The National Campaign for People’s Right to Information (NCPRI) condemned Hazare's deadline for passing the bill as undermining democracy, which operates by

"holding wide-ranging consultations and discussions, allowing for dissent and evolving a consensus. ...He [Hazare] has the right to protest and dissent. But nobody can claim it as an absolute right and deny the right of dissent to others."^[111]

The Congress party confirmed that Maharashtra Additional Chief Secretary (Home) Umesh Chandra Sarangi (who has a history of mediating between Hazare and officials) was meeting with him again "to find points of consensus and defuse the situation".^[112] On 21 August "tens of thousands" watched Hazare as he sat on an elevated platform.^[113] It was reported that Hazare at that point had "lost more than seven pounds since beginning his fast". Despite this he stated, "I will not withdraw my hunger strike until the Jan Lokpal bill is passed in the Parliament. I can die but I will not bend."^[113] Hazare ended his fast on 28 August, after the Lokpal Bill passed unanimously.

He was admitted to Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon for post-fast care.^[114] He had lost 7.5 kilograms (17 lb)^[114] and was very dehydrated after the 288 hour fast.^[115]

I Am Anna Chant [link]

Within a few days of Anna Hazare's first fast demanding a strong Lokpal (on 5 April 2011), supporters started a campaign known as "I Am Anna Hazare", which was similar to the "We Are All Khaled Said" campaign from the Egyptian uprising.^[116] During Anna Hazare's second fast, his topi, the cap which became synonymous with Anna Hazare, became almost a fashion statement.^[117] Sales of the topis hit an all-time high.^[118] Kiran Bedi recommended that the "I am Anna" topi be displayed whenever someone asked for a bribe.^[119]

Fast on MMRDA ground [link]

On 27 December, Hazare began a 3–day hunger strike at MMRDA grounds, Bandra Kurla Complex, to demand a stronger Lokpal bill than was in debate.^[120] Hazare ended the fast on 28 December, after his doctors said that his kidneys might fail if he continued.^[121]

Before reaching the venue, Anna paid tribute to Mahatma Gandhi at Juhu Beach. On his way to a rally with several thousand people,^[120] he took two-and-half hours to reach the ground, passing through Santacruz, Tulip Star Hotel, Mithibai College, SV Road, Vile Parle, Khar and Bandra Highway.^[122]

A PIL petition filed against the fast was turned down by the Karnataka High Court. A judge noted that there was no public interest in the petition.^[123]

Electoral reform movement [link]

In 2011, Anna Hazare demanded an amendment to the electoral law to incorporate the option of None of the above in the electronic voting machines during the Indian elections.^[124]^[125] The "None of the above (NOTA)" is a ballot option that allows an electorate to indicate disapproval of all of the candidates in an electoral system, in case of non-availability of any candidate of his choice, as his Right to Reject. Soon, the Chief Election Commissioner of India Shahabuddin Yaqoob Quraishi supported Hazare's demand for the electoral reforms.^[126]

Protest against atrocities against Swami Ramdev and his supporters [link]

On 8 June Anna Hazare and thousands of his supporters fasted from 10 am to 6 pm at Rajghat to protest against the midnight crackdown of 5 June by the Delhi Police on Swami Ramdev’s fast at Ramlila ground protests.^[84]^[127] Anna Hazare held the Prime Minister of India responsible for the atrocities^[128] and termed the police action as an attempt to stifle democracy.^[84] According to one of Anna's young supporters, the large presence of youths at the protest was due to his use of nonviolent protest, similar to Gandhi.^[129]

Controversies and criticism [link]

Alleged link with Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh [link]

Anna Hazare has been criticized for being an agent of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) a right-wing Hindu body.^[130] United Progressive Alliance,the present ruling government in India has seldom made that charge. According to Digvijay Singh a senior leader of the Indian National Congress the entire crusade of 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement was planned by RSS in which Plan-A was Baba Ramdev while Plan-B was Anna Hazare. Their basic job was to disturb national security.^[131] Further Digvijay Singh had charged Hazare for having links with late RSS leader Nanaji Deshmukh^[132] with whom he worked as a secretary.^[133] Anna denied any such associations.

Views on Narendra Modi and Nitish Kumar [link]

In a press conference in April 2011, Anna Hazare praised Narendra Modi, the chief minister of Gujarat and Nitish Kumar, chief minister of Bihar for his efforts on rural development, saying that other chief ministers should emulate them.^[134] Subsequently, Modi wrote an open letter to him, hailing him as a Gandhian anti-corruption activist^[135] while Digvijay Singh, the General Secretary of the Congress party, criticised him for his comment.^[136] In May 2011, during his visit to Gujarat, Hazare changed his view and criticised Modi for rampant corruption. He urged Modi to appoint a Lokayukta. He also commented that the media had projected an incorrect image of Vibrant Gujarat.^[137]

Fraud during fasts [link]

A cardiologist from Pune, Abhijit Vaidya—founder of Arogya Sena, a non-governmental agency active in public health, disaster management and social campaigns—claimed that he was informed by Hazare's close associates that during a fast in Ralegan-Siddhi, Hazare was given glucose and electrolyte solutions during a fast. Hazare and his associates refused to comment on the allegation.^[138]

Accusations of corruption [link]

The government of the state of Maharashtra instituted a Commission of Inquiry under Justice PB Sawant in September 2003 to enquire into allegations of corruption against several people, including four ministers in the state as well as the "Hind Swaraj Trust" headed by Hazare. The Commission submitted its report on 22 February 2005, indicting the Trust for corruptly spending Rs. 2.20 lakhs on Hazare's birthday celebrations.^[139]

Two days ahead of Hazare's Lokhpal fast, the Indian National Congress, attacked him, alleging that "the moral core of Hazare has been ripped apart" by the Justice P B Sawant Commission.^[140]

Hazare's lawyer Milind Pawar responded that the commission had remarked about "irregularities" in the accounts, but had not held him guilty of any "corrupt" practices. Pawar said that on 16 June 1998, a celebration was organised to congratulate Hazare on winning an award from a US–based NGO and it coincided with his 61st birthday. The trust spent Rs 2.18 lakh for the function. Abhay Phirodia, a Pune-based industrialist, who took the initiative to organise this function donated an amount of Rs 2,48,950 to the trust by cheque soon afterwards.^[141] Hazare dared the government to file a First Information Report (FIR) against him to prove the charges.^[142]

Accusation of being anti-democratic and anti-Dalit [link]

An article written in Kolkata Telegraph by Ramchandra Guha stated that that environmental journalist Mukul Sharma claimed that Anna Hazare forced the Dalit families in Ralegan Siddhi to adopt a vegetarian diet, and that those who violated the decree were tied to a post and flogged.^[143] Mukul Sharma also found that no panchayat elections have been held in the village for the past two decades, and that no campaigning was allowed during state and national elections, upon Hazare's instructions.^[143]

Dalit columnist Chandrabhan Prasad opined that Hazare's anti-corruption movement rejected representative democracy and alleged that it was an upper-caste uprising. He also claimed that centralising powers in Lokapal, which was a non-elected entity, was anti-democratic.^{[citation needed]}

Dalit activist Kancha Ilaiah commented in a similar fashion, that "The Anna movement is an anti-social justice, manuvadi movement. The Dalits, tribals, OBCs and minorities have nothing to do with it. We oppose it."^[144] Activist Anoop Kheri claimed that "The language, symbols used by the movement clearly reflects its upper caste Hindu nature, a very rightwing Hindu patriotism is being used to get the entire country against corruption. And as a dalit, I have a problem with it."^[144]

There was also an allegation that an RTI activist was denied permission to protest by having a fast-unto-death at Ralegan Siddhi, the grama sabha stating that the reason was that only Anna Hazare can hold such fasts in his village.^[145]

Activist Udit Raj was denied permission to protest against Anna Hazare, whom he claimed was against parliamentary processes. Raj warned that succumbing to Hazare's demands would set a dangerous trend rendering the "backward" classes more vulnerable. He claimed that mass mobilisations coerced the government into a "set of solutions" against constitutional processes could be used against affirmative action and threatened democracy.^[146] Later, it came to light that poor dalits had been paid up to 200 each to shout slogans against Anna, although the organizers denied it. Some protesters said that they had been told that it was a pro-Anna protest, but felt cheated after realising that it was against Hazare.^[147]

Accusation of being anti-Muslim [link]

On 22 August 2011 writer-actor Arundhati Roy accused Hazare in a newspaper article of being nonsecular. She questioned his secular credentials, pointing out his "support for Raj Thackeray's Marathi Manoos xenophobia and [has praised] the 'development model' of Gujarat's CM who oversaw the 2002 pogrom against Muslims". The website of the newspaper published many responses to her article and these were mostly critical of her views.^[148] Activist Medha Patkar criticised Roy, saying that her views were misplaced.^[149]

Hazare in the past stood in firm opposition to the Shiv Sena and BJP governments in Maharashtra. Activist and writer Asghar Ali Engineer in an EPW article on Communalism and Communal Violence reported,^[150]

The Shiv Sena is also facing serious problems from the social activist Anna Hazare who has accused its ministers of corruption and demanded their resignation. The SS-BJP government is facing serious corruption charges and is greatly worried. The Anna Hazare movement began in late November when he went on fast against the corrupt practices of the Shiv Sena ministers. The BJP initially supported the Hazare movement and now its deputy chief minister Gopinath Munde is also under a cloud. Initially the Hazare movement had created a rift between the Shiv Sena and the BJP but with Gopinath Munde himself under a cloud, both may close ranks. The Anna Hazare movement has certainly posed a great challenge for the saffron government at the end of 1996.

Hazare was accused of working for RSS and BJP's behest, and against Muslims by cleric Bukhari of the Jama Masjid. Bhukhari was subsequently criticised for being a Royal Imam and for claiming that his personal views represented the view of ordinary Muslims.^[151]

Support for selective violence [link]

Hazare acknowledged his belief in violence after his "just one slap" remark in which the victim of violence was Sharad Pawar, a rival in Maharashtra.^[152]

Conspiracy to murder Hazare [link]

Anna Hazare exposed corruption in cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra, including one controlled by Dr.Padamsinh Bajirao Patil, a member of Parliament of 15th Lok Sabha and higher-ranking Leader of Nationalist Congress Party from Osmanabad. Patil was accused in the 2006 murder case of Congress leader Pawanraje Nimabalkar.^[153]^[154]

The conspiracy to kill Hazare was exposed when Parasmal Jain, an accused in the Nimbalkar murder case, in his written confession before a magistrate said that Patil had paid him 3,000,000 (US$59,850) to murder Nimbalkar, and also offered him supari (contract killing sum) to kill Anna Hazare.^[155]^[156] After this written confession, Anna appealed to the state government of Maharashtra to lodge a separate First Information Report ( FIR ) against Patil but the government declined. On 26 September 2009 Hazare lodged his own complaint at Parner police station of Ahmednagar District in Maharashtra against Patil.^[157] Patil approached the High Court seeking anticipatory bail but on 14 October 2009, the Aurangabad bench of Bombay High Court rejected his application, observing that there was prima facie case against him.^[158]^[159] Padmasinh Patil appealed to the Supreme Court of India losing again, on 6 November 2009.^[160] On 11 November 2009 Patil surrendered before the sessions court in Latur and was sent to judicial remand for 14 days.^[161] On 16 December 2009 the Aurangabad bench granted bail.^[162] As of 16 August 2011 (2011 -08-16)^[update], the verdict is pending.

As of December 2011, Anna Hazare received Z+ security. ^[163]

Honours, awards and international recognition [link]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2011)

Year	Award	Awarding organization
2011	NDTV Indian of the Year with Arvind Kejriwal^[164]	NDTV
2008	Jit Gill Memorial Award	World Bank
2005	Honorary Doctorate	Gandhigram Rural University
2003	Integrity Award	Transparency International
1998	CARE International Award	CARE (relief agency)
1997	Mahaveer Award
1996	Shiromani Award
1992	Padma Bhushan	President of India
1990	Padma Shri	President of India
1989	Krishi Bhushana Award	Government of Maharashtra
1986	Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshamitra Award	Government of India

Personal life [link]

Anna Hazare is unmarried. He has lived in a small room attached to the Sant Yadavbaba temple in Ralegan Siddhi since 1975. On 16 April 2011, he declared his bank balance of 67,183 (US$1,340) and 1,500 (US$30) as money in hand.^[165] He owns 0.07 hectares of family land in Ralegan Siddhi, which is being used by his brothers. He donated for village use two other pieces of land donated to him by the Indian Army and by a villager.^[166] His only income is his Indian Army pension.^{[citation needed]}

Writings [link]

Hazare, Anna; Ganesh Pangare, Vasudha Lokur (1996). Adarsh Gaon Yojana: government participitation in a peoples program : ideal village project of the Government of Maharashtra. Hind Swaraj Trust. p. 95. http://books.google.com/books?id=Eh4pHAAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Anna+Hazare%22&hl=en&ei=OHudTcvOOsXjrAfavIWqBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
Hazare, Anna. My Village – My Sacred Land. New Delhi: CAPART.
Hazare, Anna (1997). Ralegaon Siddhi: a veritable transformation. Translated by B.S. Pendse. Ralegan Siddhi Pariwar Prakashan,. http://books.google.com/books?id=mCENHAAACAAJ&dq=Anna+Hazare&hl=en&ei=ZnSdTZGjBsmYhQeK3-26BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
Hazare, Anna (2007) (in Marathi). वाट ही संघर्षाची. Pune: Signet Publications.
Anna Hazare: The Face of Indias Fight Against Corruption. Pentagon Press. 2011. p. 124. ISBN 978-81-8274-545-2. http://www.sparkbooks.in/cart/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1_49&products_id=62580. Retrieved 14 June 2011.

References [link]

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^ "Team Anna detained for defying orders: Govt". CNN-IBN. 16 August 2011. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/team-anna-detained-for-defying-orders-govt/175962-3.html. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
^ "Anna Hazare sent to judicial custody". The Times of India. 16 August 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-16/india/29891820_1_prohibitory-orders-anna-hazare-shanti-bhushan. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
^ "Hazare supporters proceed to Jantar Mantar". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 17 August 2011. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2365802.ece.
^ Yardley, Jim (16 August 2011). "New Delhi Police Arrest Leader of Anti-Corruption Protest and Hundreds of Others". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/17/world/asia/17india.html?_r=1&ref=world. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
^ Parsai, Gargi (16 August 2011). "Anna Hazare’s arrest sparks angry protests, both Houses adjourned". The Hindu (Chennai, India). http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2361785.ece?homepage=true. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
^ Naqshbandi, Aurangzeb; Chatterji, Saubhadra; Sharma, Nagendar (16 August 2011). "Refusing to leave jail, Anna holds government hostage". Hindustan Times. India. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Refusing-to-leave-jail-Anna-holds-government-hostage/Article1-733990.aspx. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
^ "Anna refuses to come out of jail". Business Standard. 17 August 2011. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/anna-refuses-to-come-outjail/446072/. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
^ "Anna Hazare to spend night in Tihar jail". The Times of India. 17 August 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-17/india/29896134_1_anna-hazare-prohibitory-orders-tihar-jail. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
^ "Anna Hazare arrest: A million mutinies erupt across India". The Times of India. 17 August 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-17/india/29896030_1_anna-hazare-corruption-hatao-datta-awari. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
^ Chetan Bhagat (17 August 2011). "Anna Hazare's fight for change has inspired millions of Indians". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/17/anna-hazare-arrest-inspired-indians?intcmp=239.
^ Nangia, Pankaj (19 August 2011). "Anna Hazare leaves jail to begin public hunger strike". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/19/anna-hazare-leaves-jail-india.
^ "Ramlila Maidan likely to be Anna Hazare's fast venue". The Times of India. 17 Aug 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-17/india/29895684_1_hazare-team-anna-hazare-tihar-jail.
^ Byatnal, Amruta (20 August 2011). "Anna's village jubilant but family is anxious". Hindustan Times (India). http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2373944.ece.
^ News / National : Team Anna calls for ‘Dilli chalo’ march from Saturday. The Hindu (25 August 2011). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
^ Jim Yardley (20 August 2011). "Antigraft Activists in India Intensify Drive for Reform". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/world/asia/21india.html.
^ Radhika RAmaseshan (August, 20, 2011). "Hazare runs into civil society protest". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110821/jsp/nation/story_14404408.jsp.
^ "Sarangi meets Hazare to find points of consensus and defuse crisis". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 21 August 2011. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2379757.ece.
^ ^a ^b Jim Yardly (21 August 2011). "Thousands Back Antigraft Hunger Strike in New Delhi". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/22/world/asia/22india.html.
^ ^a ^b Anna dehydrated and exhausted, say doctors – India News – IBNLive. Ibnlive.in.com (10 May 2011). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
^ Anna Hazare breaks fast after 288 hours. IBNlive (10 May 2011). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
^ Anna Hazare's campaign awakens middle class | Reuters. In.reuters.com. Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
^ Anna Hazare 'topi' becomes fashion statement. Economic Times (India). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
^ Brand Anna is a rage: Youth wear him on T-shirts The Times of India. (19 August 2011). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
^ Wear the Anna cap to fight corruption, says Kiran Bedi The Times of India. Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
^ ^a ^b Anna begins fast in Mumbai as LS debates Lokpal bill in Delhi, December 27, 2011. Times of India. Accessed December 27, 2011
^ Indian Activist Calls Off Fast but Vows to Keep Fighting. The New York Times. 28 Dec 2011. Last accessed 05 Jan 2011.
^ Anna fasts for strong Lokpal as Lok Sabha debates bill, December 27, 2011. Hindustan Times. Accessed December 27, 2011
^ "PIL against Anna Hazare's fast dismissed, high court says citizens have right to protest". The Times Of India. 27 December 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PIL-against-Anna-Hazares-fast-dismissed-high-court-says-citizens-have-right-to-protest/articleshow/11269601.cms.
^ "Govt notifies joint panel, Anna breaks fast". Indian Express. 10 April 2011. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Govt-notifies-joint-panel-Anna-breaks-fast/774133/. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
^ Singh, Abhimanyu (17 April 2011). "Anna's next target is electoral reform". The Sunday Guardian. http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/annas-next-target-is-electoral-reform. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
^ Chauhan, Chetan (13 April 2011). "Anna Hazare has CEC Quraishi's vote for electoral reforms". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Anna-Hazare-has-CEC-Quraishi-s-vote-for-electoral-reforms/Article1-684553.aspx. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
^ "Anna Hazare and team shift fast venue to Rajghat". Times of India. 7 June 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Anna-Hazare-and-team-shift-fast-venue-to-Rajghat/articleshow/8758809.cms. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
^ "Anna and team to protest against Govt on June 8". New Delhi: CNN-IBN. 5 Jun 2011. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/anna-and-team-to-protest-against-govt-on-june-8/156922-3.html. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
^ "Anna Hazare fasts again, government faces anti-corruption heat". The Economic Times (New Delhi). 8 June 2011. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-06-08/news/29633886_1_lokpal-bill-anna-hazare-hunger-strike. Retrieved 8 June 2011. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Anna an RSS agent, Army deserter: Congres". Ibnlive.in.com. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/anna-an-rss-agent-army-deserter-congress/214939-37-64.html. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
^ "Anna Hazare ungrateful to RSS: Digvijay". Indian Express. 2011-10-30. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/anna-hazare-ungrateful-to-rss-digvijay/867761/. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
^ "Anna ridicules Digvijaya's allegation on RSS links". Hindustan Times. 2011-12-25. http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Maharashtra/Anna-ridicules-Digvijaya-s-allegation-on-RSS-links/Article1-787078.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
^ "Never worked for Nanaji Deshmukh, tweets Digvijaya". Hindustan Times. 2011-12-26. http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Never-worked-with-Nanaji-Deshmukh-tweets-Digvijaya/Article1-787208.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
^ "Anna Hazare praises Narendra Modi, Nitish Kumar; asks CMs to emulate them". DNA. 10 April 2011. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_anna-hazare-praises-narendra-modi-nitish-kumar-asks-cms-to-emulate-them_1530483. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
^ "Narendra Modi writes an open letter to Anna". 12 April 2011. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/narendra-modis-open-letter-to-anna-hazare/148924-53.html. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
^ "Digvijay singh slams Anna for modi's praise". http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/story/modi-remark-congress-slams-anna-hazare/1/135497.html. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
^ "Hazare now sees 'ghotala' in Gandhi's Gujarat". The Times of India. 27 May 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-27/ahmedabad/29591246_1_anna-hazare-agnivesh-and-arvind-kejriwal-gujarat-visit. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
^ "'Secret of fast? Hear it from a Pune doctor'". Telegraph India. 17 August 2011. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110817/jsp/nation/story_14386100.jsp. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
^ "Had held Hazare guilty of corruption: PB Sawant". IBNLive. 14 August 2011. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/had-held-hazare-guilty-of-corruption-pb-sawant/175659-37-64.html. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
^ "Anna Hazare himself involved in corruption, says Congress". The Economic Times. 14 August 2011. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886595_1_hind-swaraj-trust-anna-hazare-lokpal-bill. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
^ "Sawant Commission didn't term Hazare corrupt: Lawyer". Indian Express. 15 August 2011. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sawant-commission-didnt-term-hazare-corrupt-lawyer/832118/. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
^ "Angry Anna dares govt to file FIR and prove he is corrupt". Daily News & Analysis. 14 August 2011. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_anna-hazare-dares-congress-to-prove-corruption-charges-against-him_1575981. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
^ ^a ^b "'A Patriarch for Nation?'". The Telegraph (India). 19 August 2011. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110827/jsp/opinion/story_14423092.jsp. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
^ ^a ^b "'Anna Hazare's movement is anti-social justice, manuwadi'". The Times of India. 19 August 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Anna-Hazares-movement-is-anti-social-justice-manuwadi/articleshow/9664784.cms. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
^ "'Here is why RTI activist could not fast in Anna Hazare’s village'". Pune Mirror. 12 October 2010. http://www.punemirror.in/article/2/2010101220101012233239336854a4d16/Here-is-why-RTI-activist-could-not-fast-in-Anna-Hazare%92s-village.html. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
^ "'Dalits come out against Anna Hazare’s fast'". The Times of India. 24 August 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Dalits-come-out-against-Anna-Hazares-fast/articleshow/9714045.cms. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
^ Protesters ‘bought’ for anti-Anna agitation. Hindustan Times. (25 August 2011). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
^ Anna Hazare is not secular: Arundhati Roy. Times of India. (23 August 2011). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
^ Mukherjee, Vishwajoy (22 August 2011). "We Are Not Like the Maoists: Medha Patkar". Tehelka. Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
^ Engineer, Asghar Ali (15 February 1997). "Communalism and Communal Violence, 1996". Economic and Political Weekly 32 (7).
^ Anti-Anna cleric Bukhari draws flak. Zeenews.india.com (23 August 2011). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
^ Anna Hazare Justifies Just One Slap Remark
^ "NCP MP Padamsinh Patil Held for Murder". Mumbai: Outlook. 7 June 2009. http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?660914. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
^ Kumar, Vinay (9 Jun 2009). "Lok Sabha told of Padmsinh Patil’s arrest". The Hindu (New Delhi). http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/09/stories/2009060955991000.htm. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
^ "Plot to kill Anna Hazare revealed". Mumbai: Sifi News. 1 June 2009. http://www.sify.com/news/plot-to-kill-anna-hazare-revealed-news-features-jgbuanbdjhb.html. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
^ IANS (1 Jun 2009). "Plot to kill Magsaysay winner Anna Hazare revealed". Mumbai: IBM Live. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/plot-to-kill-magsaysay-winner-anna-hazare-revealed/93908-3.html?from=rssfeed. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
^ Press Trust Of India (26 September 2009). "Anna Hazare files police complaint against Padamsingh". The Hindu (Mumbai). http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/article25477.ece. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
^ Press Trust Of India (14 October 2009). "HC rejects Padamsinh Patil's bail plea in Hazare's complaint". The Hindustan Times (Mumbai). http://www.hindustantimes.com/HC-rejects-Padamsinh-Patil-s-bail-plea-in-Hazare-s-complaint/Article1-465210.aspx. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
^ TNN (15 Oct 2009). "Hazare plaint: Court rejects Padamsinh's bail plea". The Times of India (Mumbai). http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-15/mumbai/28080698_1_ncp-leader-padamsinh-patil-pawanraje-nimbalkar-anna-hazare. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
^ "SC rejects anticipatory bail of Padamsinh Patil". New Delhi: Zee News. 6 November 2009. http://zeenews.india.com/news/state-news/sc-rejects-anticipatory-bail-of-padamsinh-patil_576544.html. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
^ "NCP leader Padamsinh Patil surrenders, sent to 14-day judicial remand". The Times of India (LATUR ( MAHARASHTRA)). 11 November 2009. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-11/india/28060164_1_parasmal-jain-judicial-remand-ncp-leader-padamsinh-patil. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
^ PTI (16 December 2009). "Padamsinh gets bail in Anna Hazare murder plot case". Aurangabad: Zee News. http://zeenews.india.com/news/state-news/padamsinh-gets-bail-in-anna-hazare-murder-plot-case_588105.html. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
^ "Anna's fast: Cops take stock of security situation at MMRDA". Hindustan Times (MUMBAI ( MAHARASHTRA)). 25 December 2011. http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Anna-s-fast-Cops-take-stock-of-security-situation-at-MMRDA/Article1-786857.aspx. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
^ "NDTV Indian of the Year 2011". ndtv.com. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/ndtv-indian-of-the-year-2011-142183. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
^ "Anna Hazare declares bank balance of Rs 67,183 and Rs 1,500 as money in hand". The Economic Times (New Delhi). 16 April 2011. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-16/news/29425309_1_immovable-assets-anna-hazare-mutual-funds. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
^ "Anna Hazare, others declare assets". The Hindu (New Delhi). 16 April 2011. http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/16/stories/2011041662461600.htm. Retrieved 14 June 2011.

External links [link]

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Anna Hazare collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
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A successful case of participatory watershed management at Ralegan Siddhi Village in, Maharastra, India
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India Against Corruption
A documentary film about Anna Hazare and the Jan Lokpal movement.
[1] An exhibition of E. P.Unny's cartoons on Anna Hazare,

Images

The anti-corruption movement by Anna Hazare, slideshow by The First Post
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Persondata
Name	Hazare, Anna
Alternative names	Hazare, Kisan Baburao
Short description	Indian social activist
Date of birth	15 June 1937
Place of birth	Bhingar India.
Date of death
Place of death

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Acharya Tulsi
Born	1914 Ladnun, Rajasthan, India
Predecessor	Acharya Kalugani
Political movement	Anuvrat Movement

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Jainism Portal v t e

Acharya Tulsi (October 20, 1914 – June 23, 1997) was a Jainist Acharya (an ascetic). He was the founder of the Anuvrata and the Jain Vishva Bharti Institute, Ladnun and the author of over one-hundred books. Dr. Radhakrishnan in his "Living with Purpose" included him in the world's 15 great persons. He was given the title "Yuga-Pradhan" in a function officiated by President V.V. Giri in 1971.

He was influential in the development of Acharya Mahapragya and Sadhvi Kanakprabha.

1 Biography
2 Anuvrat Movement
3 Scholarship
4 Institutions
5 A Great Wandering Ascetic
6 Awards and honours
- 6.1 Postage Stamp
- 6.2 Shrines
7 See also
8 References
9 Internal Link
10 External links

Biography [link]

The son of devout Jain traders, Tulsi was born in 1914 in Ladnun, India to Jhumarmal Khatter and Vadana Ji. Acharya Kalugani, the family guru, greatly influenced Tulsi, later recalling: "His divine face fascinated my heart and I used to gaze at him for hours."

Tulsi took his monk's vows at age 11 with remarkable dedication, and by the time he was 16, he had already started attracting acolytes. In 1936, Kalugani nominated Tulsi to be his successor, making him head of Terapanth group.^[1] Through his oversight, he initiated more than 776 monks and nuns.

Brief Life History

 Date of Birth     V. S. 1971. Kartik Shukla Dwitiya  
 Place of Birth    Ladnun Marwad Zilla Nagaur  
 Father's Name     Jhoomarmalji 
 Mother's Name     Vandanaji 
 Date Of Diksha    V. S. 1982 Paush Krishna Pachmi, ladnun
 Diksha By         A. Shri. Kaluganiji

 Appointment as Successor   V. S.1993. Bhadravshukla Tritiya,Gangapur  
 Appointment as Acharya     V. S.1993. Bhadra V. Shukla Navmi.Gangapur  
 Date of Death              23 June' 1997 at Gangasahar (Rajasthan)  
 Tenure as Acharya          57 years.

Anuvrat Movement [link]

File:Anuvrat.gif

Anuvrat Slogan - Self constraint is Life

Tulsi realized that the independence of India would be futile unless the national character was developed. On March 2, 1949 he launched the Anuvrat Movement to spearhead this idea (anu (small), vrat (vow)). Conceived in five principles (Truth, Nonviolence, Non-possession, Non-stealing and Celibacy), the Movement was inspired followers to practice purity and self-discipline in their personal lives. By experiencing self-transformation, citizens could move toward a nonviolent socio-political world order. The movement also held to the ideas that Dharma is not merely an instrument of ensuring happiness in the hereafter but is also a means to bring happiness to the present life, that he who was fails to make his present life better is unlikely to achieve happiness in the hereafter, and that the primary aims of Dharma is to purify character (its ritualistic practices are secondary).

The movement continues under the leadership of Acharya Mahapragya.

Scholarship [link]

Acharya Tulsi and Acharya Mahapragya during Jain Agamas research

In the 1970s, Tulsi began researching, translating and annotating the Jain Agamas.

Tulsi was the first person who sought to rediscover Jain meditation. His work with Acharya Mahapragya led to the Preksha Meditation.

Institutions [link]

In 1948 Tulsi established the Parmarthik Shikshan Sanstha, a spiritual training centre for female aspirants who wanted to lead the Jain monastic lifestyle.

Tulsi developed the Saman Order around 1980 in an effort to spread the preachings of Jainism worldwide. This order follows the lifestyle of Sadhus and Sadhvis with two exceptions:

They are granted permission to use means of transportation.
They are allowed to take food which is prepared for them.

This order can be termed as the link between the normal households and the Jain monks and nun.

A Great Wandering Ascetic [link]

Jain Monks and nuns remain under a vow of moving on foot all their life. In Tulsi's lifetime he covered more than 70,000 km.

His major marches included:

1949 : From Bikaner to Jaipur, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab and back to Rajasthan.
1955 : From Rajasthan to Gujarat, Maharastra, Madhya Pradesh and back to Rajasthan.
1958 : From Rajasthan to Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal, again Bihar, Uttar pradesh, Delhi, Haryana and back to Rajasthan.
1966 : From Rajasthan to Gujarat, Maharastra, Tamilnadu, Pondicherry, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and back to Rajasthan.
1974 : From Rajasthan to Haryana, Delhi, Punjab, and back to Rajasthan.
1981 : From Rajasthan to Haryana, Delhi and back to Rajasthan.
1987 : From Rajasthan to Haryana and Delhi and back to Rajasthan.

In the course of these marches, Tulsi had widespread contact with people and preached to Anuvrat-oriented life and abstinence from alcohol.

Awards and honours [link]

Title of Yug Pradhan in 1971 by the president of India V. V. Giri
Bharat Jyoti Award
Vakpati Award
The Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1993

Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-Violence By Kurt Titze, Klaus Bruhn

^ Marett, Paul (PDF). Jainism Explained. Jain Samaj Europe Publication. http://www.cs.wayne.edu/~manishk/JainismDocuments/JainismExplained.pdf. Retrieved 19 June 2009.

Internal Link [link]

External links [link]

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Persondata
Name	Tulsi, Acharya
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	October 20, 1914
Place of birth	Ladnun, Rajasthan, India
Date of death	June 23, 1997
Place of death

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