Look up store in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article store.

Store may refer to:

• a retail store
• a place where things are stored, e.g. a ship's paint store
• expendables released from an aircraft, such as ordnance or countermeasures
• Štore, a town and a municipality in eastern Slovenia

See also[link]

• All pages beginning with "Store" - includes several Scandinavian geographical locations
• Storage (disambiguation)
• Store and forward
• Store-within-a-store
• The Store, 1932 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Thomas Sigismund Stribling

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Ryan Lewis
Ryan Lewis (back) performing with Macklemore (front) at Sasquatch! Music Festival
Background information
Born	(1988-03-25) March 25, 1988 (age 24) Spokane, Washington, U.S.
Origin	Seattle, Washington, U.S.
Genres	Hip hop
Occupations	Producer, DJ
Years active	2006–present
Associated acts	Macklemore
Website	rlewis.com

Ryan Lewis (born March 25, 1988) is an American music producer, musician, music video director, photographer, graphic designer, rapper and DJ currently based in Seattle. He is best known for his collaboration with American rapper Macklemore (Ben Haggerty) producing Macklemore & Ryan Lewis — The VS. EP (2009), The Heist (2012) and a handful of other singles. Since the beginning of their collaboration in late 2008, Ryan has produced, recorded, engineered and mixed all of the music, directed music videos ("Same Love", "Thrift Shop", "And We Danced", "Otherside (Remix)"), designed visuals (album art, web design, posters) and DJed the live show.

In a recent mini-documentary, Lewis recalled meeting Macklemore for the first time. "When I met him, it was a really different time. It was less than a year after [2005's] Language of My World had come out. So he had buzz. For me being a young kid, it was very exciting to link with him. The bulk of our original relationship was photo shoots. I became kind of his photographer."^[1]

[edit] The Heist

On October 9, 2012, Macklemore & Ryan Lewis released The Heist. The album debuted at #2 on the Billboard charts and #1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and Top Rap Albums, selling 78,000 copies in the first week.^[2] The album also debuted at #1 on iTunes Digital Albums chart.^[3] The duo's album has received more than 1 million plays on SoundCloud, 70 million YouTube views and was accompanied by a sold-out 50-date U.S. and Canadian tour.^[4]

Discography[link]

(All credited to Macklemore & Ryan Lewis)

Studio albums[link]

EPs

Singles[link]

Notes[link]

• A ^ "Wing$" did not enter the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 7 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, which acts as an extension to the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.^[27]
• B ^ "Same Love" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 25 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.^[28]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

de:Ryan Lewis

The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for web content. Please help to establish notability by adding reliable, secondary sources about the topic. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted. (August 2009)

Buddy Wakefield (born June 4, 1974) is an American performance poet/slam poet. He is a two-time Individual World Poetry Slam Champion (2004 and 2005)^[1] whose latest works have been released by Righteous Babe Records (CD) and Write Bloody Publishing (books).

Biography[link]

Buddy Wakefield was born in Shreveport, Louisiana^[2] and raised in Baytown, Texas. In 2001, he left his position as an executive assistant for a biomedical firm^[3] in Gig Harbor, Washington, sold or gave away everything he owned, and moved into a Honda Civic to tour North American poetry venues.^[4]

In 2004 and again in 2005, Buddy Wakefield won the Individual World Poetry Slam Championship title, becoming the first poet to win the title two consecutive years.^[5] Wakefield has been a member of several poetry slam teams, including Team Seattle in 2006 and 2007. When asked about his thoughts on the "Poetry Slam" and "Slam Poetry," Wakefield responded:

Wakefield continues to make his living through his poetry and performance. In addition to touring the country solo, Wakefield has also been a core member of several traveling poetry groups, including 2007's Solomon Sparrow's Electric Whale Revival, 2008's Junkyard Ghost Revival, 2009's Elephant Engine High Dive Revival and 2010's Night Kite Revival, where he shared the stage with poets such as Derrick Brown, Anis Mojgani, Andrea Gibson and Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz, among others.^[7] As of April 2012, Wakefield has performed his poetry every state in the U.S. except "Montana, Mississippi and North Dakota."^[6].

When asked in an interview why he made art, Wakefield responded:

When not on tour, Wakefield lives near Seattle, Washington and serves on the board of Youth Speaks Seattle, a non-profit literary arts organization.^[8]

Books and records[link]

Wakefield has published three books of poetry: Some They Can't Contain (2004, originally The Wordsmith Press; reissued by Write Bloody Publishing), Live for a Living (2007, Write Bloody Publishing).^[9] and Gentleman Practice (2011, Write Bloody Publishing)

Wakefield has also released three full-length spoken word albums with producer Jon Berardi: A Stretch of Presence (1999), Run On Anything (2006) which was released by Strange Famous Records,^[10] and Live at the Typer Cannon Grand (2009) which was released by Ani DiFranco's Righteous Babe Records.^[11] DiFranco first became aware of Wakefield when her mother saw him perform at an art gallery in Buffalo NY and gave DiFranco a print out of Wakefield's website, saying, “You have to do something with this guy.”^[3] The album contains recordings of live performances, including several from Wakefield's numerous times opening for DiFranco on her tour, as well as one studio-produced track.

Influence[link]

Wakefield has had a profound impact on the contemporary Poetry Slam movement, both in his performance and writing style as well as how he has conducted his career. In her book, Words in Your Face: A Guided Tour Through Twenty Years of the New York City Poetry Slam, author Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz named Wakefield as "the modern poetry slam role model." She wrote,

Discography[link]

• Live at the Typer Cannon Grand (2009) Righteous Babe Records
• Run On Anything (2006) Strange Famous Records
• A Stretch of Presence (1999) Independently released

Bibliography[link]

This article lacks ISBNs for the books listed in it. Please make it easier to conduct research by listing ISBNs. If the {{Cite book}} or {{citation}} templates are in use, you may add ISBNs automatically, or discuss this issue on the talk page. (January 2010)

• Gentleman Practice, Write Bloody Publishing, 2011
• Live For A Living, Write Bloody Publishing, 2007
• Some They Can't Contain, Write Bloody Publishing, 2004

Anthologies[link]

• Elephant Engine High Dive Revival, Write Bloody Publishing, 2008.
• Junkyard Ghost Revival, Write Bloody Publishing, 2008.
• The Last American Valentine: Illustrated poems to seduce and destroy, Write Bloody Publishing, 2008.
• Spoken Word Revolution Redux, Sourcebook, Inc, 2008.
• Solomon Sparrow's Electric Whale Revival, Write Bloody Publishing, 2007.
• Freedom To Speak: The Best of the 2002 National Poetry Slam, The Wordsmith Press, 2003.

References[link]

1. ^ Poetry Slam Inc. Website Announce of Wakefield's Repeat iWPS Championship
2. ^ ^{a b} Artist Interview with Buddy Wakefield: Fine Line Magazine
3. ^ ^{a b} "The Energy Engine of Buddy Wakefield: Arguably the Most Successful Spoken Word Poet on the Road" by Suzy La Follette, The Splinter Generation
4. ^ Official Buddy Wakefield Biography
5. ^ Individual World Poetry Slam
6. ^ ^{a b} "Used Furniture Review: Interview with Buddy Wakefield"
7. ^ Poetry Revival Tour Website
8. ^ Wakefield Interview with The Southeast Review
9. ^ Write Bloody Publishing website
10. ^ Three tracks from Run on Anything published in The Pedestal Magazine
11. ^ Page on Righteous Babe Records website
12. ^ Aptowicz, Cristin O'Keefe. (2008). Words in Your Face: A Guided Tour Through Twenty Years of the New York City Poetry Slam. Soft Skull Press. Page 354. ISBN 1-933368-82-9.

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Buddy Wakefield

• Buddy Wakefield's Official Site
• Wakefield's Page on Righteous Babe Records website
• Audio of Wakefield's Poetry, as heard on Indiefeed Performance Poetry Podcast
• Poem: Information Man
• Poem: Human The Death Dance
• Preview for "The Drums Inside Your Chest" Poetry Concert Film featuring Wakefield
• Buddy Wakefield's Twitter Profile

"Coureur de bois" - A woodcut by Arthur Heming

A coureur des bois (French pronunciation: [kuʁœʁ de bwa]) or coureur de bois (French pronunciation: [kuʁœʁ də bwa]), woodlands runner; plural: coureurs de bois) was an independent entrepreneurial French-Canadian woodsman who traveled in New France and the interior of North America. They ventured into the woods to trade various European items for furs, especially beaver pelts, and along the way, learned the trades and practices of the Native people who inhabited there.

The type of man[link]

Arrival of Radisson in an Indian camp in 1660.

“Coureurs des Bois came from all social ranks and all succumbed to the lure of the wilderness.” In 1680, the intendant Duchesneau estimated that there was not one family in New France who did not have a “son, brother, uncle or nephew” among the Coureur des Bois.^[1] It was not just the promise of adventure or the freedom to roam that enticed the Coureur des Bois; it was the profits earned by purchasing valuable pelts from natives in return for European goods.

A coureur des bois was an adventurer with many skills, including those of businessman, and of an expert canoeist.^[2] They engaged in a range of activities including fishing, snowshoeing and hunting.^[3] All these activities depended on skills learned through close contact with the indigenous peoples of North America. Native peoples were essential to the fur trade because they actually trapped the fur-bearing animals (above all beaver) and prepared the skins. The coureurs des bois were purchasers rather than producers of pelts. Often transactions took the form of reciprocal gift-giving. Radisson and his companions, for instance, “struck agreeable relations with Natives inland by giving European goods as gifts”.^[4] Relations between the coureur de bois and the Natives often included a sexual dimension; marriage "à la façon du pays" was common.^[5] Although the term "Coureurs des Bois" is most strongly associated with those who engaged in the fur trade, the most prominent coureurs des bois gained fame as explorers.

Coureur des bois and the fur trade[link]

The term “Coureur des Bois” is most strongly associated with those who engaged in the fur trade in ways that were considered to be outside of the mainstream. Early in the fur trade era this meant circumventing the normal channels by going deeper into the wilderness to trade. Later it involved trading without permission from the French authorities during the late 17th century and early 18th century when such permission was required. During the 17th century, the fur trade was very lucrative for New France. Competition was fierce, and many colonists risked the journey west and north through hostile Iroquois territory from the settlements around Montreal to the pays d'en haut, or "upper country" (the area around the Great Lakes) to trade with Native trappers. These Coureur des Bois were not looked upon favorably by Montreal authorities or royal officials. They disapproved of settlers leaving the developing agricultural areas to seek their fortune trading. French authorities preferred that the transportation of furs be handled by the natives (and later the Voyageurs) than have independent unregulated traders. As a way to curb the unregulated trade of independent businessmen and their burgeoning profits, the government of New France instated a permit system (congés).^[6] Coureurs de bois were basically unlicensed traders, treated at times as outlaws by New France authorities.

En route[link]

Early travel was dangerous and the Coureur des Bois, who traded in uncharted territory, had a high mortality rate. Typically, they left Montreal in the spring, as soon as the rivers and lakes were clear of ice (usually May) with their canoes loaded with supplies and goods for trading. The way west to the richest beaver lands usually went by way of the Ottawa and Mattawa rivers; it required numerous overland portages. Alternatively, some canoes proceeded by way of the upper St. Lawrence River and the lakes, passing by Detroit on the way to Michilimackinac or Green Bay. This was route had fewer portages, but it was more exposed in times of war to Iroquois attacks. Journeys often lasted for months and covered thousands of kilometers, with the coureurs des bois paddling sometimes twelve hours a day in their birch bark canoes.^[7] Packing a canoe for such a trip was often arduous, as more than thirty articles were considered essential for a Coureur des Bois’ survival and business. He could trade for food, hunt and fish, but trade goods such as “broadcloth, linen and wool blankets, ammunition, metal goods (knives, hatchets, kettles), firearms, liquor, gunpowder and sometimes even finished clothing, took up the majority of space in the canoe.”^[8] Food en route needed to be light-weight, practical and non-perishable.

Relation to voyageurs[link]

"Canoe Manned by Voyageurs Passing a Waterfall" by Frances Anne Hopkins

Coureur des bois and voyageurs both played prominent roles in the North American fur trade era. By 1681, the French authorities realized the traders had to be controlled so that the industry might remain profitable. They therefore legitimized and limited the amount of fur trading by establishing a system that used permits (congés). At the same time the fur trade also moved further into the continent, favoring a more highly organized business model with capitalist ownership and hired labor. The term "voyageur" (traveler) tended to be applied to licensed fur traders or to those in the employ of a legitimate merchant. The life and labor of the voyageur, the long journeys by canoe carrying trade goods westward and returning with beaver pelts, was essentially the same as that described above in connection with the coureur de bois.^[9]

Notable coureurs des bois[link]

Jean Nicolet (Nicollet) de Belleborne (Ca. 1598 – 1 November 1642) was a French coureur des bois noted for exploring Green Bay in what is now the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Nicolet was born in Normandy, France in the late 1590’s and moved to New France in 1618. In that same year, he was recruited by Samuel de Champlain who arranged for him to live with a group of Algonquians, designated as the “Nation of the Isle” to learn Native languages and later serve as an interpreter.^[10] The Natives quickly adopted Nicolet as one of their own, even allowing him to attend councils and negotiate treaties.^[11] In 1620, Nicolet was sent to make contact with the Nipissing, a group of natives who played an important role in the growing fur trade. After having established a good reputation for himself, Nicolet was sent on an expedition to Green Bay to settle a peace agreement with the Natives of that area.^[12]

Médard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618–1696) was a French explorer and fur trader in Canada. He was born at Charly-sur-Marne in France in July of 1618, although little is known of his early life.^[13] In the early 1640’s, Des Groseilliers relocated to Quebec, and began to work around Huronia with the Jesuit Missions in that area. There, he learned the skills of a coureur des bois, and in 1653 married his second wife, Margueritte.^[14] Her brother, Pierre-Esprit Radisson, also became a notable figure in the fur trade and is often mentioned in the same breath as Des Groseilliers. Radisson and Des Grosseilliers would also travel and trade together, as they did throughout the 1660’s and 1670’s. Together, they explored west into previously unknown territories in search of trade. Having incurred legal problems in New France because of their trade, the two explorers went to France in an attempt to rectify their legal situation. When this attempt failed, the pair turned to the English. The two are credited, through this liaison with the English, with the establishment of the Hudson’s Bay Company because of their considerable knowledge and experience in the area.^[15]

Pierre-Esprit Radisson (1636–1710) was a French-Canadian fur trader and explorer. His life as explorer and trader is crucially intertwined with that of his brother-in-law, Médard des Groseilliers. The two explorers are famous not only for their explorations and trade, but also notably for their participation in the formation of the Hudson's Bay Company. Little is known of Radisson’s early life in France. He was born near Avignon in 1636 and came to New France in 1651, settling in Troi-Rivieres.^[16] His life would change dramatically in that same year, when he was captured by the Mohawks, while duck-hunting. Although two of his companions were killed during this exchange, the Natives spared Radisson’s life and adopted him.^[17] Through this adoption, Radisson learned native languages that would later serve him well as an interpreter. He worked throughout the 1660’s and 1670’s with his brother-in-law, des Groseilliers, on various trade and exploration voyages into the west of the continent. Much of Radisson’s life during this period is wrapped up in the story of des Groseilliers. Together they are credited with the establishment and shaping of the Hudson’s Bay Company. Radisson died in the summer of 1710.

Fiction[link]

One of the best literary depictions of a coureur des bois was Pasquinel in James A. Michener's 1974 historical novel, Centennial and later, portrayed by Robert Conrad, in the 1978 NBC television mini-series, of the same name.

See also[link]

New France portal

• European colonization of the Americas
• Canadian canoe routes (early)

References[link]

For further reading[link]

• Podruchny, Carolyn. Making the Voyageur World : Travelers and Traders in the North American Fur Trade. Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 2006. ISBN 9780802094285.

• Brown, Craig, editor. The Illustrated History of Canada. Toronto: Lester & Orpen Dennys Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-88619-147-5.

External links[link]

Look up coureur de bois in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Canadian Vignettes: Voyageurs. A Film Board of Canada vignette
• Illinois Brigade, voyageur educators out of the midwest

This article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (March 2009)

Tim Hawkins
Background information
Occupations	Singer, Songwriter, Comedian
Years active	2002-present
Website	TimHawkins.net

Tim Hawkins is a Christian comedian,^[1] songwriter, and singer, best known for parodying popular songs, such as Carrie Underwood's "Jesus Take The Wheel"^[2] and "The Candy Man" stand-up material based on marriage, homeschooling and parenting. Hawkins has released three CDs and five DVDs of his material since 2006. In 2007, Hawkins began to release his comedy on the Internet, with his videos gaining more than 50 million views on YouTube and Facebook since.

Personal life[link]

Hawkins has four children, and a wife who is winning a battle with breast cancer, which Hawkins often alludes to during a serious portion of his stand-up show. When he does this he asks the audience to pray for them. He played outfield in college for the University of Missouri.^[3]

Self Published Works[link]

• Pretty Pink Tractor (2011)
• Rock Show Comedy Tour (with Bob Smiley & John Branyan) (2011)
• INSANITIZED (2010)
• I'm No Rockstar (2009)
• Bananas II (2008)
• Full Range of Motion (2007)
• The Government Can
• Cletus Take the Reel
• Extremely Madeover
• Tuna Fish Sandwich

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website
• Official Store