Saint Vincent College is a four-year, coeducational, Roman Catholic, Benedictine, liberal arts college located about 40 miles southeast of Pittsburgh in in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, USA. It was founded in 1846 by Boniface Wimmer, a monk from Bavaria, Germany. It was the first Benedictine monastery in the United States. It is operated by the Benedictine monks of Saint Vincent Archabbey.

History[link]

Saint Vincent Archabbey and College was founded in 1846 by Boniface Wimmer, a monk from Metten Abbey in Bavaria. On April 18, 1870, the Pennsylvania state legislature incorporated the school. Saint Vincent College became coeducational in 1983. In 1996, the college, along with the archabbey, seminary, and parish, observed the 150th anniversary of its founding.

Mission statement[link]

Saint Vincent College is an educational community rooted in the tradition of the Catholic faith, the heritage of the Benedictine monasticism, and the love of values inherent in the liberal approach to life and learning, Its mission is to provide quality undergraduate and graduate education for men and women to enable them to integrate their professional aims with the broader purposes of human life. The programs, activities, and encounters that make up student life at Saint Vincent College encourage the intellectual gifts, professional aptitudes and personal aspirations of students to mature harmoniously.^[3]

Academics[link]

Saint Vincent is organized into four schools; each includes a number of departments and major and minor programs offering undergraduate or graduate degrees, as well as special programs and public service outreach activities. Each school has its own Dean who works closely with students, faculty and prospective students and a Council of Advisors composed of representatives of business, industry, and academia to advise and direct policy and programs.^[4]

The four schools are:

Alex G. McKenna School of Business, Economics, and Government[link]

Formed in 2001, the current Dean is Gary Quinlivan, B.A., Ph.D. It includes the departments and programs of Accounting, Economics, Business Education, Finance, International Business, Management, Marketing, Politics, and Public Policy.

Alex G. McKenna was a leading industrialist, civic leader, and philanthropist. He was the past chairman, president and chief executive officer, and a founding general partner of Kennametal Inc., a global corporation headquartered in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. Throughout his life he promoted the principles of free market economics, limited constitutional government and traditional civic values.^[5]

School of Social Sciences, Communication, and Education[link]

The school was formed in 2004, and the current Dean is Mary Beth Spore, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. It includes the departments of Communication, Education, Psychology, and Sociology/Anthropology. The departments share in common a concern with how people develop and interact in a wide range of settings as well as a commitment to the approaches common to the social sciences. Programs in the school share a commitment to active and experiential learning and to student research. Associated with the school are the Saint Vincent College Drug and Alcohol Prevention Projects and the Fred M. Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children's Media.

School of Humanities and Fine Arts[link]

Formed in 2004, the current Dean is Fr. Rene Kollar, O.S.B., B.A. M.Div., M.A., Ph.D., F.R. Hist. S. It contains the departments and programs of English, Fine Arts (Art and Music), History, Liberal Arts, Modern and Classical Languages, Philosophy, and Theology. The Saint Vincent Gallery and the College's Stage and Theatre programs are also part of the School.

The Herbert W. Boyer School of Natural Science, Mathematics, and Computing[link]

Formed in 2004, the current dean is Dr. Stephen M. Jodis. It includes the departments of Biology, Chemistry, Computing and Information Science, Mathematics, and Physics. Majors are also offered in Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, and Environmental Science. Teacher certification may be obtained in biology, chemistry, environmental education, mathematics and physics. Cooperative programs with other institutions of higher education enable students to pursue degrees in engineering, occupational therapy, pharmacy, physical therapy and physician assistant.

The college offers a five-year cooperative liberal arts and engineering program. Students spend three years at St. Vincent, fulfilling core requirements and prerequistes for an engineering major, then two years at the engineering college. Upon completion of coursework and recommendation by the Mathematics Department, students are guaranteed acceptance at Penn State University. The college also has agreements with the University of Pittsburgh and The Catholic University of America. Under this program, the student receives a Bachelor of Arts degree from St. Vincent and a Bachelor of Science degree from the engineering college.

Herbert W. Boyer is a recipient of the 1990 National Medal of Science, and co-recipient of the 1996 Lemelson-MIT Prize and a co-founder of Genentech. He served as Vice President of Genentech from 1976 through his retirement in 1991.

Athletics[link]

St. Vincent has intercollegiate teams in football, baseball, softball, women's volleyball, basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, soccer, women's field hockey, swimming, and tennis. The college is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). They compete in the Presidents' Athletic Conference, at the Division III level. The school also offers men's ice hockey as a club sport.

The men's teams are known as the Bearcats and the women's as the Lady Bearcats. The athletic colors are green and gold.

Football[link]

In the fall of 2007, the college resumed their varsity football program after a 44-year hiatus. The team went 0-10 in 2007, 1-9 in 2008, and 0-10 in 2009. The first win since the resumption of the program came in 2008, when the Bearcats defeated Gallaudet University 23-22.

In the 2010 season, St. Vincent had an overall record of 3-7 and was 3-4 in conference play. The Bearcats' victories came against Thiel College (17-3), Grove City College (42-17) and Westminster College (21-14). In the win against Grove City, the team set single-game records for points (42), total offense (435 yards), total defense (241 yards), and passing touchdowns (four).

In 2011, the Bearcats were 6-4 overall, and 5-3 in conference play. All four losses came by five points or less, with two in overtime. On November 19, 2011, St. Vincent faced Lebanon Valley College in the ECAC Southwest Bowl. Lebanon Valley won the game 23-15.

The games are played on campus at Chuck Noll Field, named in honor of the former coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers.

Pittsburgh Steelers training camp[link]

Since 1966, the college has served as the training camp host of the Pittsburgh Steelers. Rooney Hall, completed in 1995, is a residence hall which is used by the Steelers during their stay on campus each summer. It is named in honor of the Steelers' founder, Arthur J. Rooney Sr.. The Steelers regularly attract tens of thousands of fans to training camp and the Rooney family in conjunction with the College administration have vowed to keep with tradition and always have the camp open and free to the public.

The site of camp, Chuck Noll Field, is one of the most storied in the NFL and NCAA with Peter King of SI.com describing it as: ". . . I love the place. It's the perfect training-camp setting, looking out over the rolling hills of the Laurel Highlands in west-central Pennsylvania, an hour east of Pittsburgh. On a misty or foggy morning, standing atop the hill at the college, you feel like you're in Scotland. Classic, wonderful slice of Americana. If you can visit one training camp, this is the one to see."^[6]

Other sports[link]

The main athletic center is the Robert S. Carey Student Center. It was formerly known as Sportsman's Hall, after the original name of St. Vincent Parish, and Kennedy Hall, after President John F. Kennedy. It contains the gymnasium, swimming pool, student union and fitness center.

In 2011, the Lady Bearcat basketball team, ^[7]led by All-American Brittany Sedlock, became the first team in school history to qualify for the NCAA Division-III postseason since the school made the move from the NAIA. Ranked among the top-20 nationally throughout the season, ^[8]the Lady Bearcats were defeated in their opening-round National Tournament game by Greensboro College.

^[9]The women's basketball team overcame a major tragedy during the 2010-11 season, with the Christmas Day 2010 death of Kristen Zawacki (1958-2010), the lone women's basketball coach in the program's 25-year history. ^[10]Zawacki, also the school's Associate Athletic Director, won over 500 games in her career. ^[11]She was succeeded by assistant coach Jimmy Petruska, who was named interim coach immediately following her death, before being officially named the team's head coach on April 27, 2011.

Residence Life[link]

Housing on campus is available in six residence halls for approximately 1,280 students. First-year students under the age of 21 and living more than 50 miles from Saint Vincent College must reside on campus.

Saint Benedict Hall serves as the center for the first-year student population. Upperclass students are housed in Bonaventure Hall, Gerard Hall, Wimmer Hall, Rooney Hall and Aurelius Hall. Housing in most residence halls in single sex by floor. Aurelius is the oldest dorm, built in 1923. Wimmer Hall was built in 1952. Gerard and Bonaventure, better known as "Gerry" and "Bonny" to students, were built in 1963. Rooney Hall opened in 1995 and Saint Benedict Hall opened in 2002.

Within each residence hall, each area is led by at least one student resident adviser. At St. Vincent, they are known as prefects. Each hall is supervised by a residence hall director and assistant residence hall directors. The latter are known as moderators.

Presidents[link]

Current President[link]

On July 1, 2010, Brother Norman W. Hipps, O.S.B., Ph.D., began his service as the 17th President of Saint Vincent College. Brother Norman formerly served as Executive Vice president of Saint Vincent College from 2002 until June 30, 2010. He served as Dean of the Herbert W. Boyer School of Natural Science, Mathematics and Computing. Prior to 2002, Brother Norman acted in the capacity of Provost of Saint Vincent College.

Brother Norman was officially inaugurated as the 17th President of Saint Vincent College on October, 11, 2010.^[12]

List of College presidents[link]

• Rt. Rev. Boniface Wimmer, O.S.B. (1871–1887)
• Rt. Rev. Andrew Hintenach, O.S.B. (1887–1892)
• Rt. Rev. Leander Schnerr, O.S.B. (1892–1920)
• Rt. Rev. Aurelius Stehle, O.S.B. (1920–1930)
• Rt. Rev. Alfred Koch, O.S.B. (1930–1950)
• Rt. Rev. Denis Strittmatter, O.S.B. (1950–1955)
• Rev. Quentin Schaut, O.S.B. (1955–1962)
• Rev. Maximilian Duman, O.S.B. (1962–1963)
• Rev. Maynard Brennan, O.S.B. (1963–1968)^[13]
• Rev. Fintan R. Shoniker, O.S.B. (1968–1971)
• Rev. Cecil G. Diethrich, O.S.B. (1971–1982)
• Rev. Augustine Flood, O.S.B. (1982–1985)
• Rev. John F. Murtha, O.S.B. (1985–1995)^[14]
• Rev. Martin R. Bartel, O.S.B. (1995–2000)
• James F. Will (2000–2006)^[15]
• Jim Towey (2006–2010)
• Br. Norman W. Hipps, O.S.B. (2010- )^[16]

Commencement Speakers[link]

President George W. Bush spoke at the spring commencement ceremony in 2007. Then-President Towey had previously served as director of the Office of Faith-Based and Community Intiatives from 2002 to 2006.^[17]

The 2008 speaker was Mike Tomlin, head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers.

The 2009 speaker was J. Christopher Donahue, the Chairman of the Board of the St. Vincent College Corporation. Donahue is president and CEO of Federated Investors.

In 2010, the commencement speaker was Manfred Honeck, director of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra.

In 2011, the commencement speaker was Attorney Bruce Antkowiak.

Controversies[link]

Conflict with faculty[link]

Towey faced some difficulties in his relationships with faculty members at St. Vincent.^[18] In April 2008, he attributed much of the dissension to a clash of cultures with the predominantly Benedictine faculty, who were not accustomed to rapid change, and to the fact that he was "new to academia".^[19] In early 2008 a letter to the school board, signed by three-quarters of the school's tenured faculty, said that Towey had created "an unparalleled crisis", accusing Towey of "sanitizing the self-study portion of the school's re-accreditation effort and displaying heavy-handed tactics in the search for an academic vice president,"^[20] when he hired an untenured academic dean.^[21] Mr. Towey completed his service to Saint Vincent College in 2010.

Fr. Mark Gruber controversy[link]

In November 2009 reports began emerging in which Towey accused a Priest/Professor, Father Mark Gruber, of sexual misconduct. In August 2009, local police were summoned to campus to investigate alleged instances of child pornography found on an open access computer outside Gruber's office. The police closed the case noting that, in addition to the open access to the computer, there was no evidence a crime had been committed - images of nude men were found, but no subjects could be identified as being under 18.^[22] Nonetheless, President Towey, Archabbot Douglas Nowicki and Bishop of the Greensburg Diocese Lawrence Brandt acted to immediately ban Gruber from his pastoral duties and to relieve him from his post as Professor of Anthropology.

Some suggested these actions were in retaliation for Fr. Gruber's outspoken criticisms of the Towey administration. While Towey himself has not addressed these critics, administration spokespeople have denied the charges. Criticisms arguing that the administration perverted canon law in an attempt to subvert longstanding traditions of academic freedom, integrity and collegiality have not been addressed. The American Association of University Professors, alumni of Saint Vincent College as well as thousands of Fr. Gruber's friends and colleagues have come to his defense.^[22]

In December 2009, a former student of Gruber came forward stating that he had downloaded the pornography. College officials did not immediately reveal this information to police, who later found out of the man's name from another source. The young man stated that Gruber knew of his actions but did not tell police when questioned because the student had told Gruber in sacramental confession, the contents of which are protected by canon law.^[23]

In late 2010 Gruber dropped his defamation lawsuit against the college. According to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Archabbot Douglas Nowicki (Fr. Gruber's Benedictine superior) stated that during a deposition Gruber "finally had to confront his egregious misconduct." An attorney for the college has stated that Gruber admitted under oath that he created pornographic materials on a college computer, including "grossly inappropriate depictions of himself", and that when Father Gruber was confronted with pornographic photographs during the deposition he admitted creating and e-mailing the images. According to Father Gruber's attorney the evidence at deposition has been taken "completely out of context."

Basilica[link]

Saint Vincent Parish was founded in 1790. It was the first Catholic parish in Pennsylvania west of the Allegheny Mountains. Father Theodore Brouwers, O.F.M., purchased 300 acres (121 ha) of land called "Sportsmen's Hall Tract." A church was built and dedicated on July 19, 1835. It was named after St. Vincent de Paul because July 19 is his feast day.^[24]

The cornerstone of the basilica was laid in 1892, and the consecration took place on August 24, 1905. The basilica was completely restored in 1996, as part of the 150th anniversary of the founding of the college.^[3]

Traditions[link]

Each year, on the Thursday before Thanksgiving, the Saint Vincent Community celebrates Founders Day, honoring all those who founded the college and have been a part of its community since its inception. The day features Honors Convocation (held in the Archabbey Basilica), a candle-lit turkey dinner in the gym, Zambelli fireworks and the campus light-up, featuring lighted arches in Melvin Platz.

The Saint Vincent College fight song, "Forward, Saint Vincent," was approved by the college's student government in 1996 and was written by Jen Waldmann, Heather Fields, and Chris Rodkey.

Notable alumni[link]

This article's list of alumni may not follow Wikipedia's verifiability or notability policies. Please improve this article by removing names that do not have independent reliable sources cited within this article showing they are notable and alumni or by incorporating the relevant publications into the body of the article through appropriate citations. (September 2011)

• Herbert W. Boyer, Founder and Director, Genentech
• John J. Degnan, Vice Chairman, The Chubb Corporation
• Daniel Hugh Kelly, Actor (Hardcastle & McCormick, Cujo, Ryan's Hope)
• Adam Maida, Cardinal Archbishop of Detroit
• Frank E. Resnik (1928–1995), CEO (1984–89) and Chairman (1989–91), Phillip Morris USA

See also[link]

• Saint Vincent Seminary
• List of Benedictine Colleges

References[link]

Footnotes[link]

Additional sources[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

Coordinates: 40°17′34″N 79°24′08″W / 40.2928°N 79.4021°W / 40.2928; -79.4021

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Pax et justitia  (Latin) "Peace and justice"
Anthem: "Saint Vincent Land so Beautiful"
Capital (and largest city)		Kingstown 13°10′N 61°14′W / 13.167°N 61.233°W / 13.167; -61.233
Official language(s)		English
Ethnic groups		Black 66% Mixed 19% East Indian 6% European 4% Carib Amerindian 2% Other 3%
Demonym		Vincentian
Government		Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
-	Monarch	Elizabeth II
-	Governor-General	Sir Frederick Ballantyne
-	Prime Minister	Ralph Gonsalves
Legislature		House of Assembly
Independence
-	from the United Kingdom	27 October 1979
Area
-	Total	389 km2 (198th) 150 sq mi
-	Water (%)	negligible
Population
-	2008 estimate	120,000 (182nd)
-	Density	307/km2 (39th) 792/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2011 estimate
-	Total	$1.259 billion[1]
-	Per capita	$11,491[1]
GDP (nominal)		2011 estimate
-	Total	$695 million[1]
-	Per capita	$6,342[1]
HDI (2007)		0.772 (medium) (91st)
Currency		East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Time zone		(UTC-4)
Drives on the		left
ISO 3166 code		VC
Internet TLD		.vc
Calling code		+1-784

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (ⁱ/seɪnt ˈvɪnsənt ænd ðə ɡrɛnəˈdiːnz/) is an island country in the Lesser Antilles chain, namely in the southern portion of the Windward Islands, which lie at the southern end of the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea where the latter meets the Atlantic Ocean.

Its 389-square-kilometre (150 sq mi) territory consists of the main island of Saint Vincent and the northern two-thirds of the Grenadines, which are a chain of smaller islands stretching south from Saint Vincent Island to Grenada.

To the north of Saint Vincent lies Saint Lucia, to the east Barbados. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is densely populated (over 300 inhabitants/km²) with its 120,000 people.

Its capital is Kingstown, also its main port. The country has a French and British colonial history and is now part of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, CARICOM, the Commonwealth of Nations and the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas.

History[link]

The island now known as Saint Vincent was originally named Hairouna ("The Land of the Blessed") by the native Caribs. The Caribs aggressively prevented European settlement on Saint Vincent until 1719. Prior to this, formerly enslaved Africans, who had either been shipwrecked or who had escaped from Barbados, Saint Lucia and Grenada and sought refuge in mainland Saint Vincent, intermarried with the Caribs and became known as Garifuna or Black Caribs.

Beginning in 1719, French settlers from Martinique gained control of the island and began cultivating coffee, tobacco, indigo, cotton, and sugar on plantations. These plantations were worked by enslaved Africans. In 1763, France ceded control of Saint Vincent to Britain, who began a program of colonial plantation development that was resisted by the Caribs. France captured the island in 1779, but the British then regained Saint Vincent for good under the Treaties of Versailles (1783). These treaties were ancillary treaties to the Treaty of Paris (1783), through which Great Britain officially recognised the end of the American Revolutionary War.

Between 1783 and 1796, there was again conflict between the British and the Black Caribs, who were led by defiant Paramount Chief Joseph Chatoyer. In 1797 British General Sir Ralph Abercromby put an end to the open conflict by crushing an uprising which had been supported by the French radical Victor Hugues. More than 5,000 Black Caribs were eventually deported to Roatán, an island off the coast of Honduras.

Slavery was abolished in Saint Vincent 1834. An apprenticeship period followed which ended in 1838. After its end, labour shortages on the plantations resulted, and this was initially addressed by the immigration of indentured servants. In the late 1840s many Portuguese immigrants arrived from Madeira and between 1861 and 1888 shiploads of East Indian labourers arrived. Conditions remained harsh for both former slaves and immigrant agricultural workers, as depressed world sugar prices kept the economy stagnant until the turn of the century.

From 1763 until its independence in 1979, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines passed through various stages of colonial status under the British. A representative assembly was authorised in 1776, Crown Colony government was installed in 1877, a legislative council was created in 1925, and universal adult suffrage was granted in 1951.

During the period of its control of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the British made several unsuccessful attempts to affiliate the island with other Windward Islands. This would have simplified Britain's control over the region through a unified administration. In the 1960s, several regional islands under British control, including Saint Vincent, also made an independent attempt to unify. The unification was to be called the West Indies Federation and was driven by a desire to gain freedom from British rule. The attempt collapsed in 1962.

Saint Vincent was granted "associate statehood" status by Britain on October 27, 1969. This gave Saint Vincent complete control over its internal affairs but was short of full independence. On October 27, 1979, following a referendum under Milton Cato, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines became the last of the Windward Islands to gain independence. Independence came on the 10th anniversary of Saint Vincent's associate statehood status.

Natural disasters have featured in the country's history. In 1902, La Soufrière volcano erupted, killing 2,000 people. Much farmland was damaged, and the economy deteriorated. In April 1979, La Soufrière erupted again. Although no one was killed, thousands were evacuated, and again there was extensive agricultural damage. In 1980 and 1987, hurricanes compromised many banana and coconut plantations. Hurricane seasons were also very active in 1998 and 1999, with Hurricane Lenny in 1999 causing extensive damage to the west coast of the island.

On November 25, 2009, voters were asked to approve a new constitution in a referendum. The new constitution proposed to make the country a republic and replacing Queen Elizabeth II as head of state with a non-executive President. A two-thirds majority was required, but it was defeated by 29,019 votes (55.64 per cent) to 22,493 (43.13 per cent).^[2]

Politics[link]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state, bearing the title Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The Queen does not reside in the islands and is represented in the country by the Governor General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, currently Sir Frederick Ballantyne.

The office of Governor General has mostly ceremonial functions including the opening of the islands' House of Assembly and the appointment of various government officials. Control of the government rests with the elected Prime Minister and his or her cabinet. The current Prime Minister is Ralph Gonsalves. Parliamentary opposition made of the largest minority stakeholder in general elections, headed by the leader of the opposition. The current opposition leader is Arnhim Eustace.

The country has no formal armed forces, although the Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force includes a Special Service Unit as well as a militia that has a supporting role on the island.

Geography[link]

Kingstown

Map exhibiting the six parishes of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines lies to the west of Barbados south of Saint Lucia and north of Grenada in the Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles, an island arc of the Caribbean Sea. The islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines include the main island of Saint Vincent (344 km²/133 sq mi) and the northern two-thirds of the Grenadines (45 km²/17 sq mi), which are a chain of small islands stretching south from Saint Vincent to Grenada.

The island of Saint Vincent is volcanic and includes little level ground. The leeward side of the island is very rocky and steep, while the windward side has more sandy beaches and bays.^{[citation needed]} The country's highest peak is La Soufrière volcano at 1,234 m (4,049 ft).

Administrative divisions[link]

Administratively, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is divided into six parishes. Five parishes are on Saint Vincent, while the sixth is made up of the Grenadine islands. Kingstown is located in the Parish of Saint George and is the capital city and central administrative centre of the country.

Economy[link]

Mustique in the Grenadines.

Graphical depiction of St. Vincent and the Grenadines's product exports in 28 color coded categories.

Agriculture, dominated by banana production, is the most important sector of this lower-middle-income economy. The services sector, based mostly on a growing tourist industry, is also important. The government has been relatively unsuccessful at introducing new industries, and the unemployment rate remains high at 19.8% in the 1991 census^[3] to 15% in 2001.^[4] The continuing dependence on a single crop represents the biggest obstacle to the islands' development as tropical storms wiped out substantial portions of crops in many years.

The tourism sector has considerable potential for development. The recent filming of the Pirates of the Caribbean movies on the island has helped to expose the country to more potential visitors and investors. Recent growth has been stimulated by strong activity in the construction sector and an improvement in tourism.^[5]

An international airport^[6] is currently under construction. There is a small manufacturing sector and a small offshore financial sector whose particularly restrictive secrecy laws have caused some international concern.^{[citation needed]} In addition, the natives of Bequia are permitted to hunt up to four Humpback Whales per year under IWC subsistence quotas.

Demographics[link]

The population as established in July 2009 was 104,574. The ethnic composition was 66% African descent, 20% of mixed descent, 6% East Indian, 4% Caucasian (mainly Portuguese), 2% Carib Amerindian and 2% others according to the CIA World Factbook de dato October 9, 2008. Most Vincentians are the descendants of African people brought to the island to work on plantations. There are other ethnic groups such as Portuguese (from Madeira) and East Indians, both brought in to work on the plantations after the abolishing of slavery by the British, and Syrians^{[citation needed]} living on the island. There is also a growing Chinese population.^{[citation needed]}

Largest cities[link]

v t e Largest cities or towns of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines http://www.geonames.org/VC/largest-cities-in-saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines.html
	Rank	City name	Parish	Pop.
Kingstown [[File:|border|120px|Kingstown Park]] Kingstown Park	1	Kingstown	Saint George	24,518
	2	Kingstown Park	Saint George	17,994
	3	Georgetown	Charlotte	1,680
	4	Byera Village	Charlotte	1,365
	5	Biabou	Charlotte	1,050
	6	Port Elizabeth	Grenadines	839
	7	Chateaubelair	Saint David	735
	8	Dovers	Grenadines	525
	9	-	-
	10	-	-

st Vincent and the Grenadines information.

Sport[link]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has its own soccer league, the NLA Premier League, and also a national (association) football team. A notable Vincentian footballer is Ezra Hendrickson, former national team captain who played at several Major League Soccer clubs in the United States and is now an assistant coach with the Seattle Sounders FC.^[7]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines also has its own national rugby union team which is ranked 73rd in the world.

In addition, netball is a major local sport and comprises of women only. Other notable sports played at the regional level are track and field and tennis.

Music[link]

Music popular in Saint Vincent and the Grenadine includes big drum, calypso, soca, steelpan and reggae. String band music, quadrille and bele music and traditional storytelling are also popular.

The national anthem of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is "Saint Vincent Land so Beautiful", adopted upon independence in 1979.

Communications[link]

In 2010, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines had 21,700 telephone land lines. Its land telephone system is fully automatic and covers the entire island and all of the inhabited Grenadine islands.^[4] In 2002, there were 10,000 mobile phones.^[8] By 2010, this number had increased to 131,800.^[4] Mobile phone service is available in most areas of Saint Vincent as well as the Grenadines.

The country has only ten FM radio stations. It has one television broadcast station ZBG-TV (SVGTV)^[9] and one cable television provider.

The country has Three ISPs, DigicelKarib Cable and LIME, that provide cellular telephone and internet service.^[10]

See also[link]

	Geography portal
	North America portal
	Caribbean portal
	Commonwealth realms portal

	Book: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

• Outline of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Index of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-related articles
• Commonwealth of Nations

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Bobrow, Jill & Jinkins, Dana. 1985. St. Vincent and the Grenadines. 4th Edition Revised and Updated, Concepts Publishing Co., Waitsfield, Vermont, 1993.
• CIA Factbook entry
• Gonsalves, Ralph E. 1994. History and the Future: A Caribbean Perspective. Quik-Print, Kingstown, St. Vincent.
• US Dept of State Profile
• Williams, Eric. 1964. British Historians and the West Indies, Port-of-Spain.

External links[link]

Find more about Saint Vincent and the Grenadines on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
	Images and media from Commons
	Learning resources from Wikiversity
	News stories from Wikinews
	Quotations from Wikiquote
	Source texts from Wikisource
	Textbooks from Wikibooks

Government

• Official website of the Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines
• Website of the Prime Minister of St. Vincent and the Grenadines
• Chief of State and Cabinet Members

General information

• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines entry at The World Factbook
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from UCB Libraries GovPubs
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the Open Directory Project
• Wikimedia Atlas of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines travel guide from Wikitravel
• Key Development Forecasts for St. Vincent and the Grenadines from International Futures

Other

• St. Vincent Paper Money
• Saint Vincent Bank
• hairouna
• National Insurance Services of St Vincent and the Grenadines

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Yu Dafu
Born	(1896-12-07)December 7, 1896 Fuyang, Zhejiang, China
Died	September 17, 1945(1945-09-17) (aged 48)
Occupation	Short Story writer and Poet

Yu Dafu (simplified Chinese: 郁达夫; traditional Chinese: 郁達夫; pinyin: Yù Dáfū; Wade–Giles: Yu Ta-fu) (December 7, 1896—September 17, 1945). Born in Fuyang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, was a modern Chinese short story writer and poet.

Early years[link]

Yu Dafu's father died when he was three, leaving the family poverty-stricken and destitute. He received a number of scholarships through the Chinese government and went on to receive a traditional Chinese education in Hangzhou. Chronologically he studied in Jiangxing-Fu Middle School (before he came to Hangzhou), Hangzhou-Fu Middle School, Yuying Academy^[1] (育英学堂, formerly of Zhejiang University).

In 1912, he entered Hangchow University (later its major part merged into Zhejiang University) preparatory through examination. He was there only for a short period before he was expelled for participation in a student strike.^[2]

He then moved to Japan, where he studied economics at the Tokyo Imperial University between 1913 and 1922, where he met other Chinese intellectuals (namely, Guo Moruo, Zhang Ziping and Tian Han). Together, in 1921 they founded the Chuangzao she 創造社 ("Creation Society"), which promoted vernacular and modern literature. One of his earlier works Chenlun 沉淪, also his most famous, published in Japan in 1921. The work had gained immense popularity in China, shocking the world of Chinese literature with its frank dealing with sex, as well as grievances directed at the incompetence of Chinese government at the time.

In 1922, he returned to China as a literary celebrity and worked as the editor of Creation Quarterly, editing journals and writing short stories. In 1923, after an attack of tuberculosis, Yu Dafu directed his attention to the welfare of the masses.

In 1927, he worked as an editor of the Hongshui literary magazine. He later came in conflict with the Communist Party of China and fled back to Japan.

Second Sino-Japanese war[link]

After the start of the Second Sino-Japanese war, he returned to China and worked as a writer of anti-Japanese propaganda in Hangzhou, and later in Zhejiang. From 1938 to 1942, he worked as a literary editor for the newspaper Sin Chew Jit Poh in Singapore.

In 1942 when the Imperial Japanese Army invaded Singapore, he was forced to flee to Sumatra. Known under a different identity, he settled there among other overseas Chinese and began a brewery business with the help of the locals. Later he was forced to help the Japanese military police as an interpreter when it was discovered that he was one of the few "locals" in the area who could speak Japanese.

In 1945, he was arrested by the Kempeitai when his true identity was finally discovered. It is believed that he was executed by the Japanese shortly after the surrender of Japan.

Works[link]

• Chenlun 沉淪 "Sinking" (1921)
• Riji jiuzhong 日記九種 “Nine Diaries” (1927)
• Guoqu 過去 “The Past" (1927)
• his first novel?? (1928) (moderately successful)
• his second novel?? (1932)
• Chuben 出奔 "Flight" (1935)

His most popular work, breaking all Chinese sales records, was Jih-chi chiu-chung "Nine Diaries", which detailed his affair with the writer Wang Ying-hsin. The most critically acclaimed work is Kuo-ch'u or "The Past", written in 1927.^{[citation needed]}

References[link]

• Encyclopædia Britannica 2005 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD, article- "Yü Ta-fu"

External links[link]

• Works by Yu Dafu at Project Gutenberg

Matt Maher
Maher performing in 2011
Background information
Born	(1974-11-10) November 10, 1974 (age 37)[1] Newfoundland, Canada
Genres	Christian rock
Years active	2000–present
Labels	Essential
Website	www.mattmahermusic.com

Matthew "Matt" Guion Maher (born November 10, 1974)^[1] is a contemporary Christian music (CCM) artist, songwriter, and worship leader originally from Newfoundland, Canada, who later relocated to Tempe, Arizona. He has written and produced five solo albums to date. Three of his albums have reached the Top 25 Christian Albums Billboard chart and four of his singles have reached the Top 25 Christian Songs chart. He is a practising Catholic.^[2]

Biography[link]

Maher was born and raised in Newfoundland, Canada. His parents recognized his musical talent, and he grew up taking piano lessons and immersing himself in a broad variety of music and playing in concert and jazz ensembles, singing in a choir, and playing in a garage rock band.^[3]

Maher received a scholarship from the Jazz Department at Arizona State University, where he studied Jazz Piano and got his music degree. He paid for his first three years of college by playing piano in a hotel.

Matt currently lives in Tempe, Arizona. He is involved in building community at Our Lady of Mount Carmel parish. He married Kristin Fisher on September 10, 2010. Their son, Michael Conor, was born on August 1, 2011.

Career[link]

Early in 2007 Maher signed to Essential Records. He released his first big-label album (and his fourth album overall) Empty and Beautiful on April 8, 2008. His second album with Essential Records (and his fifth album overall), Alive Again, was released on September 22, 2009.^[4] In late 2009, Maher toured with Michael W. Smith on the "New Hallelujah Tour". Alive Again peaked at No. 6 on Billboard magazine's Top Christian Albums chart in 2009.^[5]

When Pope Benedict XVI visited the United States in April 2008, Maher was asked to lead worship for crowds of thousands at the Rally for Youth and Seminarians in Yonkers, New York, which also featured Kelly Pease, tobyMac and Third Day, among other musicians. He was subsequently interviewed on Fox News, where he played his title track from Empty and Beautiful on the secular airwaves.^[6]

Maher was a guest singer songwriter speaker at Crowder's Fantastical Church Music Conference at Baylor University in late 2010 put on by the David Crowder Band.^[7] In early 2011 he toured the United States on the Rock And Worship Roadshow headlined by MercyMe.^[8]

Discography[link]