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Rural economics is the study of rural economies, including:

• farm and non-farm industry.^[1]
• economic growth, development, and change ^[2]
• size and spatial distribution of production and household units and interregional trade^[3]
• land use^[4]
• housing^[5] and non-housing as to supply and demand
• migration and (de)population^[6]
• finance^[7]
• government policies as to development, investment, regulation, and transportation^[8]
• general-equilibrium and welfare analysis, for example, system interdependencies and rural-urban income disparities.^[9]

See also[link]

• Agricultural economics
• Agroecology
• Economic development
• Economic geography
• Electrical energy efficiency on United States farms
• Regional economics
• Rural development
• Urban economics
• Rural sociology
• RIGA Project

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Thomas Nixon Carver (1911). Principles of Rural Economics. Chapter links, pp. vii-x.
• _____, ed. (1926). Selected Readings in Rural Economics, Chapter links, pp. vii-x.
• John Ise (1920). "What is Rural Economics," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 34(2 ), pp. 300-312.
• Yves Léon (2005). "Rural Development in Europe: A Research Frontier for Agricultural Economists," European Review of Agricultural Economics, 32(3), pp. 301-317. Abstract.
• Ida J. Terluin nd Jaap H. Post, ed. (2001). Employment Dynamics in Rural Europe. Chapter previews.

External links[link]

This economics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Winona LaDuke
Winona LaDuke at the Green for All Dream Reborn Conference in 2008
Born	1959 (1959) Los Angeles, California
Nationality	Anishinaabeg, United States
Education	Harvard University, Antioch University
Occupation	Author, Environmental Activist, Economist, Political Candidate
Employer	Honor the Earth, White Earth Land Recovery Project
Known for	1988 Reebok Human Rights Award winner 1997 Ms. Magazine woman of the year 1996, 2000 United States Vice Presidential Candidate, Green Party
Children	Waseyabin Kapashesit, Gwe Gasco, Ajuawak Kapashesit
Parents	Vincent LaDuke, Betty LaDuke

Winona LaDuke (born 1959) is a Native American activist, environmentalist, economist, and writer. In 1996 and 2000, she ran for vice president as the nominee of the United States Green Party, on a ticket headed by Ralph Nader. In the 2004 election, however, she endorsed the Democratic candidate John Kerry.^[1] In the 2008 presidential election, LaDuke endorsed the Democrat Barack Obama.^[2]

She is currently the executive director of both Honor the Earth and White Earth Land Recovery Project, which she founded.

Early life and education[link]

LaDuke was born in Los Angeles, California, to Vincent and Betty LaDuke. Her father was Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) from Minnesota. He was an actor with supporting roles in Western movies, an activist, a writer, and at the end of his life, a spiritual guru under the name Sun Bear.^[3] Her mother was a Jewish artist, who was an art professor at Southern Oregon University in Ashland, Oregon. She raised LaDuke in Ashland, Oregon.^[4]

After graduating from Harvard in 1982 with a degree in rural economic development, LaDuke became principal of the high school on the Anishinaabe White Earth Indian Reservation in Minnesota. She completed an M.A. in Community Economic Development at Antioch University.

Career[link]

LaDuke became an activist, in 1985 helping found the Indigenous Women's Network in 1985.

Next she became involved in the struggle to recover lands originally included in the White Earth Indian Reservation by an 1867 treaty. Communal land had been allotted to individual households under the Nelson Act of 1889 and later sold to non-Natives; that and other causes had resulted in much of the land being lost from tribal control. She founded the White Earth Land Recovery Project in Minnesota in 1989 to buy back thousands of acres of land within the reservation that had been bought by non-Natives and to re-establish tribal ownership. The non-profit is also working on reforestation of reservation lands, and markets traditional products, including wild rice harvested by the tribe.^{[citation needed]}

LaDuke worked with Women of All Red Nations to publicize the alleged high level of forced sterilization among Native American women.

She is also Executive Director of Honor the Earth, an organization she co-founded with Indigo Girls in 1993. It was later sponsored by the Seventh Generation Fund, Indigenous Women's Network and the Indigenous Environmental Network. The Native-led organization's mission is

"to create awareness and support for Native environmental issues and to develop needed financial and political resources for the survival of sustainable Native communities. Honor the Earth develops these resources by using music, the arts, the media, and Indigenous wisdom to ask people to recognize our joint dependency on the Earth and be a voice for those not heard."

Books, films, and media[link]

LaDuke is the author of the novel Last Standing Woman (1997). She has also written non-fiction books: All our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life (1999), and Recovering the Sacred: the Power of Naming and Claiming (2005), a book about traditional beliefs and practices.

She appeared in the documentary film Anthem, directed by Shainee Gabel and Kristin Hahn. The film was released in the United States on July 25, 1997. Both directors were awarded by the 1997 Amsterdam International Documentary Film Festival. LaDuke also appeared in the TV documentary The Main Stream, first released on December 17, 2002.

LaDuke appeared on The Colbert Report on June 12, 2008.^[5]

Legacy and honors[link]

• 1997 - LaDuke was named Woman of the Year by Ms. Magazine.
• 1998, she won the Reebok Human Rights Award.
• Ann Bancroft Award for Women's Leadership Fellowship.
• 2007, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.^[6]

Personal life[link]

LaDuke is the mother of three children, and now a grandmother.

On November 9, 2008, LaDuke's house in Ponsford, Minnesota, burned down. LaDuke was in Boston when the fire broke out. Her four family members at home got out in time and no one was injured. However, LaDuke lost all her personal property on the site, including her extensive library and Indigenous art and artifact collection.^[7]

See also[link]

• List of writers from peoples indigenous to the Americas
• Native American Studies

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Montgomery, Alicia. "Nader's No. 2" (July 13, 2000). Salon.com.
• Walljasper, Jay. "Celebrating Hellraisers: Winona LaDuke" (January/February 1996). Mother Jones magazine.
• Andrews, Max (Ed.), Land, Art: A Cultural Ecology Handbook. London, Royal Society of Arts, 2006 ISBN 978-0-901469-57-1 Interview with Winona LaDuke
• The Promised Land with Majora Carter. "Winona LaDuke." (2000).

External links[link]

• Honor the Earth, Official Website
• z'Winona LaDuke", White Earth Land Recovery Project

• Winona LaDuke, Voices from the Gap, University of Minnesota
• VP Acceptance Speech, 1996 Green Party Convention,
• Winona LaDuke at the Internet Movie Database
• Biocultural Diversity, Language, and Environmental Endangerment - Panel discussion with Winona LaDuke, Luisa Maffi, and K. David Harrison at University of Minnesota, March 2012

v t e Indigenous rights Rights Conflict resolution Cultural diversity Cultural heritage Freedom from forced assimilation Freedom from forced removal Freedom from racial discrimination Freedom of religion Gender equality Human rights Indigenous intellectual property Indigenous language Land rights Land-use planning Right to determine indigeneity Self-determination Traditional knowledge Governmental organizations Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights Arctic Council Bureau of Indian Affairs Council of Indigenous Peoples Fundação Nacional do Índio National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (Philippines) United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Non-governmental and political organizations Amazon Watch Assembly of First Nations Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador Congress of Aboriginal Peoples Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin Cultural Survival Friends of Peoples Close to Nature Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs National Indigenous Organization of Colombia Native American Rights Fund Survival International Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization Zapatista Army of National Liberation (more ...) Issues Bantustan / Indian reservation / Indian reserve / Ranchería Civilizing mission Colonialism Cultural genocide Manifest destiny Postdevelopment theory Settler colonialism Legal representation Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 2007 Historical cases 2009 Peruvian political crisis Chiapas conflict Depopulation of Diego Garcia High Arctic relocation Indian removal Mapuche conflict Oka Crisis Rubber boom San controversy Stolen Generations Category

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Kenneth Sidney Coates (16 September 1930^[1] – 27 June 2010) was a British politician and writer. He chaired the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation and edited The Spokesman,^[2] the BRPF magazine launched in March 1970. He was a Labour Party Member of the European Parliament from 1989 to 1999. He contested Nottingham South in 1983, but lost by several thousand votes.

Coates chose to became a coal miner rather than be conscripted into the British army to fight in the Malayan Emergency. After the war, he joined the Communist Party of Great Britain but left following the breach between Joseph Stalin and Josip Broz Tito, whom he defended. After the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary, Coates and Pat Jordan became the focal point of a group of Marxists with a developing interest in Trotskyism. After attending the fifth world congress of the Fourth International in 1958, of which they were very critical, Coates played a central role in founding the International Group, forerunner of the International Marxist Group.

Coates also played leading roles in the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation (BRPF), the Institute for Workers' Control, and European Nuclear Disarmament. From 1989 to 1999 he was a Labour Party member of the European Parliament, and spent five years as President of its Human Rights Subcommittee.

It was while a member of the European Parliament that Coates was in contact with Vadim Zagladin, one of Mikhail Gorbachev's advisors, about the idea of a joint meeting between the European Parliament and the Supreme Soviet. Coates persuaded the European Parliament to explore the possibility of such a joint meeting, as a practical way of exploring Gorbachev’s call for a ‘common European home’ and supporting his democratic reforms. Eduard Shevardnadze, the Soviet foreign minister, visited the European Parliament, and said he would be willing to be present at a joint meeting. Coates visited Zagladin in Moscow, who offered a four-point programme of stages for realisation of the Joint Special Session, as it came to be known. [Reference European Labour Forum number 1, Summer 1990 pages 3–4, number 3, winter 1990-91, pages 20–22]

Coates pioneered a number of initiatives to help focus the institutions of European civil society beginning with a very successful Pensioners’ Parliament, and also including a special Parliament of Disabled People, and two Europe-wide conferences of unemployed people. He strongly supported the Delors programme for full employment in Europe, and became rapporteur of the Parliament’s Temporary Committee on Employment, which carried two major reports with almost unanimous support of the European Parliament.

Coates was the co-author, with Tony Topham, of the official history of the Transport and General Workers' Union, among numerous other books on poverty, political philosophy, democratic and humanistic socialism, social and economic issues, peace and disarmament as well as on democracy and human rights. His book The Case of Nikolai Bukharin (Nottingham: Spokesman, 1978) is regarded by some to have served as the international basis for the rehabilitation of that Bolshevik leader. He also continued to support the democratic left in Eastern Europe, and was a member of the advisory board of the Novi Plamen magazine.

Coates was special professor in the Department of Adult Education at the University of Nottingham (1990–2004).

Books written or co-written by Ken Coates.[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Ken Coates

• The History of the Transport and General Workers' Union, with Tony Topham, ISBN 978-0-85124-565-2, Basil Blackwell 1991
• The Crisis of British Socialism, Spokesman Books 1971 [1]
• Beyond the Bulldozer, ISBN 0-902031-43-0, Spokesman Books 1987
• Empire no more, ISBN 978-0-85124-694-9, Spokesman Books 2004
• Essays on Industrial Democracy, Spokesman Books
• Poverty: The Forgotten Englishmen, ISBN 978-0-85124-375-7, Penguin Books 1970
• The New Unionism: the case for worker's control, with Tony Topham, Penguin Books, 1974. ISBN 0-14-021811-4
• The Social Democrats: Those who went and those who stayed, Spokesman Books 1983
• Trade Union Register, Merlin Press 1969
• Trade unions and politics, with Tony Topham, ISBN 0-631-13753-X, Basil Blackwell, Oxford
• Trade Unions in Britain, with Tony Topham, ISBN 978-0-00-686121-8, Fontana Press 1988
• Workers' Control: A Book of Readings and Witnesses for Workers' Control, ISBN 978-0-85124-699-4, McGibbon and Kee 1968
• Workers' Control: Another World Is Possible, ISBN 978-0-85124-682-6, Spokesman Books 2003

References[link]