A play on the well known "All your base are belong to us" internet meme.

The term Internet meme ( /ˈmiːm/ MEEM)^[1] is used to describe a concept that spreads via the Internet.^[2] The term is a reference to the concept of memes, although the latter concept refers to a much broader category of cultural information. The earliest known usage of the word meme is in the book The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins published in 1976.

Description[link]

An Internet meme is an idea that is propagated through the World Wide Web. The idea may take the form of a hyperlink, video, picture, website, hashtag, or just a word or phrase, such as intentionally misspelling the word "more" as "moar" or "the" as "teh". The meme may spread from person to person via social networks, blogs, direct email, news sources, or other web-based services. An Internet meme may stay the same or may evolve over time, by chance or through commentary, imitations, parody, or by incorporating news accounts about itself. Internet memes can evolve and spread extremely rapidly, sometimes reaching world-wide popularity within a few days. Internet memes usually are formed from some social interaction (Rage comic or reaction faces), pop culture reference (Xzibit in "Yo Dawg" or Bear Grylls in "Better drink my own piss"), or situation people often find themselves in (Socially Awkward Penguin or Futurama Fry / Not Sure If X). Many memes also come from video games (such as the "arrow in the knee" from The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim). For researchers it's hard to track down the birthplace of memes due to their viral nature, as well as the high chance of the meme spreading to major websites nearly instantly.

Their rapid growth and impact has caught the attention of both researchers and industry.^[3] Academically, researchers model how they evolve and predict which memes will survive and spread throughout the Web. Commercially, they are used in viral marketing where they are an inexpensive form of mass advertising.

Types and uses[link]

Public relations, advertising, and marketing professionals have embraced Internet memes as a form of viral marketing and guerrilla marketing to create marketing "buzz" for their product or service. The practice of using memes to market products or services is known as memetic marketing.^[4] Internet memes are seen as cost-effective, and because they are a (sometimes self-conscious) fad, they are therefore used as a way to create an image of cleverness or trendiness.

Marketers, for example, use Internet memes to create interest in films that would otherwise not generate positive publicity among critics. The 2006 film Snakes on a Plane generated much publicity via this method.^[5] Used in the context of public relations, the term would be more of an advertising buzzword than a proper Internet meme, although there is still an implication that the interest in the content is for purposes of trivia, ephemera, or frivolity rather than straightforward advertising and news.^[6]

Pronunciation[link]

The term "meme" has been widely mispronounced (/ˈmiːmi/, sounding like "me me" or sometimes "meh meh" or even mayh-mm) throughout various markets, including online gaming communities, podcasts, radio, and television and internet video.^[7] The French word même ("same"), a dynamic word having different meanings depending on usage as an adverb, pronoun, adjective, or within common expressions has also been adopted in the common mispronunciation of Dawkins' meme.^[8]

Notable examples[link]

See also[link]

Internet portal

• 4chan
• Something Awful
• Reddit
• Remix culture
• Cliché
• Fark
• Know Your Meme, a site explaining the origins and use of different memes
• Encyclopedia Dramatica, another catalog of memes

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Internet memes

• Gary Marshall, The Internet and Memetics - academic article about Internet and memes.
• Interactive timeline of Internet memes
• Site to generate images based on typical internet memes

Alison Brie
Brie in June 2009
Born	Alison Brie Schermerhorn (1982-12-29) December 29, 1982 (age 29) Hollywood, California, USA
Residence	South Pasadena, California, USA
Years active	2004–present

Alison Brie (born December 29, 1982)^[1] is an American actress best known for portraying Annie Edison on Community, Trudy Campbell on Mad Men, and Rebecca Walters in Scream 4.

Early life[link]

Brie was born Alison Brie Schermerhorn in Hollywood, California. Her mother, Joanne (Brenner), works at the non-profit child care agency Para Los Niños, and her father, Charles Terry Schermerhorn, is a musician and freelance entertainment reporter.^[2][3] Brie began her career acting onstage at the Jewish Community Center in Southern California (her mother is Jewish).^[4][5] She graduated from the California Institute of the Arts with a bachelor's in theater in 2005.^[6] Prior to becoming a television actress, Brie had worked as a clown at birthday parties, and performed in theater in California.^[7]

For a time, Brie studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow.^[8]

Career[link]

One of Brie's first television roles was the minor character Nina, a novice hairdresser, on Hannah Montana. She then went on to star in the web series My Alibi, and was chosen for the role of Trudy Campbell in Mad Men. She is also a main cast member on Community as Annie Edison.

On April 15, 2010, Brie co-hosted G4's Attack of the Show!.^{[citation needed]} Brie has also appeared for a short segment on the G4 show, Web Soup.^{[citation needed]} She had a role in the 2010 film Montana Amazon.^[9] She made Maxim's 2010 Hot 100 list at number 99^[10] and Maxim's 2011 Hot 100 list at number 49.^[11] She had a role in the horror film Scream 4, as Sidney Prescott's assistant, Rebecca Walters. The film was released on April 15, 2011.^[12] She appeared alongside Jason Segel and Emily Blunt in The Five-Year Engagement, which was released April 27, 2012.

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Alison Brie at the Internet Movie Database
• Alison Brie on Twitter

Julia Stiles
Stiles at the Tribeca Film Festival, New York, April 25, 2007
Born	Julia O'Hara Stiles (1981-03-28) March 28, 1981 (age 31) New York City, New York, U.S.
Occupation	actress
Years active	1993–present
Website
juliastilesblog.com

Julia O'Hara Stiles (born March 28, 1981) is an American actress.

After beginning her career in small parts in a New York City theatre troupe, she has moved on to leading roles in plays by writers as diverse as William Shakespeare and David Mamet. Her film career has included both commercial and critical successes, ranging from teen romantic comedies such as 10 Things I Hate About You (1999) to dark art house pictures such as The Business of Strangers (2001). She is also known for playing the supporting character Nicky Parsons in the Bourne film series and the leading role in Save the Last Dance, and for her role in Mona Lisa Smile. She guest starred as Lumen Pierce in the fifth season of the Showtime series Dexter, a role that earned her Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations.^[1][2]

Early life[link]

Stiles was born in New York City, the eldest of three children. Her mother, Judith Newcomb Stiles, is a potter, and her father, John O'Hara, is a businessman.^[3] Stiles has English, Irish, and Italian ancestry.^[4] She started acting at age eleven, performing with New York's La MaMa Theatre Company.^[5]

Career[link]

Film career[link]

Stiles' first film was a non-speaking part in I Love You, I Love You Not (1996), with Claire Danes and Jude Law. She also had small roles as Harrison Ford's daughter in Alan J. Pakula's The Devil's Own (1997) and in M. Night Shyamalan's Wide Awake (1998). Her first lead was in Wicked (1998), playing a teenage girl who might have murdered her mother so she could have her father all to herself. Critic Joe Balthai wrote she was "the darling of the 1998 Sundance Film Festival"^[6] and Internet movie writer Harry Knowles said she was the "discovery of the fest", but the film was not commercially released in the U.S. and went direct-to-video.

In 1999, she portrayed Kat Stratford, opposite Heath Ledger, in Gil Junger's 10 Things I Hate About You, an adaptation of The Taming of the Shrew set in a high school in Tacoma, Washington. She won an MTV Movie Award for "Breakthrough Female Performance" for the role, and the Chicago Film Critics voted her the most promising new actress of the year. Foreign critics applauded her work as well, including Adina Hoffman, who praised her as "a young, serious looking Diane Lane"^[7] and Martin Hoyle, who commented that Stiles played Kat "with bloody-minded independent charm from the beginning with hints of wistfulness beneath the determination."^[8]

Her next starring role was in Down to You (2000), which was panned by critics, but earned her and her co-star Freddie Prinze, Jr. a Teen Choice Award nomination for their on-screen chemistry. She subsequently appeared in two more Shakespearean adaptations. The first was as Ophelia in Michael Almereyda's Hamlet (2000), with Ethan Hawke in the lead. The second was in the Desdemona role, opposite Mekhi Phifer, in Tim Blake Nelson's O (2001), a version of Othello set in a private boarding school. Neither film was a great success; O was subject to many delays and a change of distributors, and Hamlet was an art house film shot on a minimal budget.

Stiles' next commercial success was in Save the Last Dance (2001), as an aspiring ballerina forced to leave her small town in downstate Illinois to live with her struggling musician father in Chicago after her mother dies in a car accident. At her new, nearly all-black school, she falls in love with the character played by Sean Patrick Thomas, who teaches her hip-hop dance steps that get her into The Juilliard School. The role won her two more MTV awards for "Best Kiss" and "Best Female Performance", and a Teen Choice Award for best fight scene for her battle with Bianca Lawson. Rolling Stone pronounced her "the coolest co-ed," putting her on the cover of its April 12, 2001 issue. She told Rolling Stone that she performed all her own dancing in the film, though the way the film was shot and edited might have made it appear otherwise.^[9]

In David Mamet's State and Main (2000), about a film shooting on location in a small town in Vermont, she played a teenage girl who seduces a film actor (Alec Baldwin) with a weakness for young girls. Stiles also appeared opposite Stockard Channing in the dark art-house film The Business of Strangers (2001) as a conniving, amoral secretary who exacts revenge on her boss. Channing was impressed by her co-star: "In addition to her talent, she has a quality that is almost feral, something that can make people uneasy. She has an effect on people."^[10] Stiles also had a small but crucial role as Treadstone operative Nicolette "Nicky" Parsons in The Bourne Identity (2002), a role that was enlarged in The Bourne Supremacy (2004), then greatly expanded in The Bourne Ultimatum (2007).

Between the Bourne films, she appeared in Mona Lisa Smile (2003) as Joan, a student at Wellesley College in 1953, whose art professor (Julia Roberts) encourages her to pursue a career in law rather than become a wife and mother. Critic Stephen Holden referred to her as one of cinema's "brightest young stars,"^[11] but the film met with generally unfavorable reviews.

Stiles played a Wisconsin college student who is swept off her feet by a Danish prince in The Prince and Me (2004), directed by Martha Coolidge. Stiles told an interviewer that she was very similar to the character, Paige Morgan. Critic Scott Foundas said while she was, as always, "irrepressibly engaging," the film was a "strange career choice for Stiles."^[12] This echoed criticism in reviews of A Guy Thing (2003), a romantic comedy with Jason Lee and Selma Blair. Critic Dennis Harvey wrote that Stiles was "wasted,"^[13] and Stephen Holden called her "a serious actress from whom comedy does not seem to flow naturally".^[14]

In 2005, Stiles was cast opposite her Hamlet co-star Liev Schreiber in The Omen, a remake of the 1976 horror film. The film was released on June 6, 2006.^[15]

She returned to the Bourne series with a much larger role in The Bourne Ultimatum in 2007, and to this day it is her highest grossing film. Producer Lynda Obst said that Stiles was "turning into the next Meryl Streep."^[16] Stiles also appears in the 2008 film Gospel Hill. She portrayed a woman who falls in love with her stalker in the 2009 thriller The Cry of the Owl, based on the novel of the same name by Patricia Highsmith.^[17]

Julia Stiles began filming on her latest project, Between Us, in May 2011 with co-stars Taye Diggs, David Harbour and Melissa George. Between Us is the screen adaptation of the Off-Broadway play by the same name written by playwright Joe Hortua.^[18]

Stage career[link]

Stiles' first theatrical roles were in works by author/composer John Moran with the group Ridge Theater, in Manhattan's Lower East Side from 1993–1998. She later performed on stage in Eve Ensler's The Vagina Monologues, in the summer of 2002 and appeared as Viola, the lead role in Shakespeare in the Park's production of Twelfth Night with Jimmy Smits. Reviewing the production, Ben Brantley of The New York Times saluted Stiles as "the thinking teenager's movie goddess" who put him in mind of a "young Jane Fonda."^[19]

In the spring of 2004, she made her London stage debut opposite Aaron Eckhart in a revival of David Mamet's play Oleanna at the Garrick Theatre.^[20]

She reprised the role of Carol in a 2009 production,^[21] directed by Doug Hughes and co-starring Bill Pullman at the Mark Taper Forum. On June 30, 2009, it was announced that this production would be transferring to Broadway's John Golden Theatre, with previews beginning Sept. 29 before an October 11 opening night.^[22]

Stiles will play Jeannie in a production of Neil LaBute's Fat Pig directed by the playwright beginning in April 2011.^[23]

Other work[link]

Stiles appeared in the video for Cyndi Lauper's single, "Sally's Pigeons" in 1993. On March 17, 2001, Stiles hosted Saturday Night Live and, eight days later, she was a presenter at the 73rd Academy Awards.^[24] She returned to Saturday Night Live on May 5 appearing as then-President George W. Bush's daughter Jenna Bush in a skit that poked fun at the two first daughters being arrested for underage drinking.^[3] MTV profiled her in its Diary series in 2003,^[25] and she was Punk'd by Ashton Kutcher at a Washington DC museum in the spring of 2004.^[26]

Stiles made her writing and directorial debut with Elle magazine's short Raving starring Zooey Deschanel.^[27] It premiered at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival.^[28]

In May 2010 Stiles was cast in a major role in the Showtime series Dexter^[29] and signed for 10 episodes.^[30] For this role Stiles received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film.^[31] as well as a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series.

Personal life[link]

Stiles is a graduate of Columbia University and holds a degree in English literature. She received a John Jay Award in 2010, the annual honorary award given to five alumni by the Columbia College Alumni Association for professional achievements.^[32]

Stiles has also worked for Habitat for Humanity, building housing in Costa Rica,^[33] and has worked with Amnesty International to raise awareness of the harsh conditions of immigration detention of unaccompanied juveniles; Marie Claire, in January 2004, featured Stiles' trip to see conditions at the Berks County Youth Center in Leesport, Pennsylvania.^[34][35]

She is an ex-vegan, occasionally eating red meat.^[36] She says she gave up veganism after she developed anemia and found it difficult to get proper nutrition while traveling. Stiles has described herself as a feminist and wrote on the subject in The Guardian.^[20]

An avid baseball fan, she supports the New York Mets.^[37] She threw the ceremonial first pitch before their May 29, 2006 game.^[38] She is also an avid soccer fan and supports the New York Red Bulls. ^[39]

She's currently in a relationship with actor David Harbour.^[40]

Filmography[link]

Notes[link]

External links[link]

Find more about Julia Stiles on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Images and media from Commons
	Quotations from Wikiquote

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More spoken articles

• Julia Stiles at the Internet Movie Database
• Julia Stiles at the TCM Movie Database
• Julia Stiles at the Internet Broadway Database
• Julia Stiles at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
• Raving Trailer directed by Julia Stiles
• Icons of Fright interview (June 1, 2006)
• Her Personal Blog
• Guardian Unlimited interview (April 3, 2004)
• Tiscali.uk interview (2004)
• Stiles on Tavis Smiley (June 5, 2006)