Coordinates	39°44′21″N104°59′5″N
Name	Fritz Leonhardt
Nationality	German
Birth date	July 12, 1909
Birth place	Stuttgart, Germany
Death date	December 30, 1999
Education	Stuttgart UniversityPurdue University.
Discipline	Structural engineer
Institutions	Institution of Structural Engineers
Practice name	Leonhardt und Andrä
Significant projects	Cologne-Rodenkirchen Bridge Stuttgart Television Tower
Significant awards	Werner-von-Siemens-RingHonorary Medal Emil MörschFreyssinet Medal of the FIPIStructE Gold Medal Award of Merit in Structural Engineering }}

Fritz Leonhardt (12 July 1909 – 30 December 1999) was a German structural engineer who made major contributions to 20th century bridge engineering, especially in the development of cable-stayed bridges. His book ''Bridges: Aesthetics and Design'' is well known throughout the bridge engineering community.

Biography

Born in Stuttgart in 1909, Leonhardt studied at Stuttgart University and Purdue University. In 1934 he joined the German Highway Administration, working with Paul Bonatz amongst others. He was appointed at the remarkably young age of 28 as the Chief Engineer for the Cologne-Rodenkirchen Bridge.

In 1954 he formed the consulting firm Leonhardt und Andrä, and from 1958 to 1974 taught the design of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete at Stuttgart University. He was President of the University from 1967 to 1969.

He received Honorary Doctorates from six universities, honorary membership of several important engineering universities, and won a number of prizes including the Werner-von-Siemens-Ring, the Honorary Medal Emil Mörsch, the Freyssinet Medal of the FIP, and the Gold Medal of the Institution of Structural Engineers.

Throughout his career, Leonhardt was as dedicated to research as to design, and his major contributions to bridge engineering technology included:

development of a launching system for prestressed concrete bridges, first used in his 1963 bridge over the Caroní River in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela

the 'Hi-Am' anchor for cable stays, in collaboration with the Swiss firm B.B.R.V.

anchorages in prestressed concrete

experiments during the 1930s on steel orthotropic decks.

Major works

His major structures include the Cologne-Rodenkirchen Bridge, Stuttgart Television Tower, and various cable-stayed bridges in Düsseldorf.

He worked on the design of several cable-stayed bridges, including the Pasco-Kennewick bridge (1978) in the USA, and the Helgeland Bridge (1981) in Norway.

Fritz Leonhardt Prize

This prize was established in 1999 on the 90th anniversary of Leonhardt's birth, to recognise outstanding achievements in structural engineering. The first prize was awarded to Michel Virlogeux. Subsequent winners have included Jörg Schlaich (2002), René Walter (2005), and William F. Baker (engineer) (2009).

Bibliography

Brücken / Bridges (4th edition), Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart (Germany), ISBN 3-421-02590-8, 1994 (first published 1982).

Ponts/Puentes, Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes, Lausanne (Switzerland), ISBN 2-88074-099-1, 1986.

Notes

External links

Fritz Leonhardt Symposium 2009 – University of Stuttgart

Bridge Design and Engineering: Fritz Leonhardt, Master of Bridges

Structures of Leonhardt, Andrä and Partners

Category:IStructE Gold Medal winners Category:Bridge engineers Category:German civil engineers Category:Structural engineers Category:1909 births Category:1999 deaths Category:Werner-von-Siemens-Ring laureates Category:Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

de:Fritz Leonhardt es:Fritz Leonhardt it:Fritz Leonhardt pt:Fritz Leonhardt tr:Fritz Leonhardt

Paul Saladin Leonhardt (November 13, 1877 – December 14, 1934) was a German chess master.

He was born in Posen, Province of Posen, Poland (then German Empire), and died of a heart attack in Königsberg (East Prussia) during a game of chess.

A player with a low profile and not many tournament wins, Leonhardt has been largely forgotten by the history books. However, at his best, he was able to defeat most of the elite players of the period. Tarrasch, Tartakower, Nimzowitsch, Maróczy and Réti all succumbed to his fierce, attacking style between 1903 and 1920 and he won several brilliancy prizes.

In major tournaments he was first at Hilversum 1903, Hamburg 1905, and Copenhagen 1907 (ahead of Maróczy and Schlechter), making him Nordic Champion; third, behind Rubinstein and Maróczy, at Carlsbad 1907; second, behind Milan Vidmar, at Göteborg 1909 (7th Nordic-ch), second, behind Rudolf Spielmann, at Stockholm 1909, and second, behind Carl Ahues, at Duisburg (DSB Congress) 1929.

In matches he drew with Rudolf Loman (+4 –4 =2), won against James Mortimer (+5 –0 =3), defeated Samuel Passmore (6 : 2), and drew with Georg Schories (2 : 2) at London 1904, defeated Hector William Shoosmith (+5 –0 =1) at London 1905, lost to Jacques Mieses (+1 –5 =1) at London 1905, lost to Spielmann at Munich 1906 (+4 –6 =5), lost to Frank Marshall (+1 –2 =4) at Hamburg 1911, defeated Nimzowitsch (+4 –0 =1) at Hamburg 1911, lost to Hugo Süchting (1.5 : 2.5) at Hamburg 1911 and drew with him (2 : 2) at Hamburg 1912, won against Moishe Lowtzky (+5 –1 =1) at Leipzig 1913, drew with Hans Fahrni (1 : 1), won against Jeno Szekely (2.5 : 1.5), both at Munich 1914, and drew with Curt von Bardeleben (2 : 2) at Berlin 1921.

As an expert analyst of the openings, he wrote a monograph on the Ruy Lopez (''Zur Spanische Partie'' - 1913). Opening variations have been attributed to him in the Lopez, Sicilian Defence, Ponziani Opening, Evans Gambit, and the Scandinavian Defense.

References

British Chess Magazine (December 1977) - article by Steve Cunliffe

Name Index to Jeremy Gaige's ''Chess Tournament Crosstables'', An Electronic Edition, Anders Thulin, Malmö, 2004-09-01

External links

487 games of Paul Saladin Leonhardt, 365chess.com

Category:1877 births Category:1934 deaths Category:People from Poznań Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:German chess writers Category:German chess players Category:German writers Category:Jewish chess players Category:Polish chess players Category:People from the Province of Posen Category:Chess theoreticians

de:Paul Saladin Leonhardt it:Paul Saladin Leonhardt he:פול לאונרדט no:Paul Saladin Leonhardt ru:Леонгардт, Пауль Саладин

Fritz Lehmann (17 May 190430 March 1956) was a noted German conductor, whose career was cut short by his early death at the age of 51. His repertoire ranged from the Baroque through to contemporary works, in both the concert hall and the opera house. He was an early advocate of period performance practice. and founded the Berliner Motettenchor. He is best known now through a number of recordings he left.

Biography

Fritz Ludwig Lehmann was born in Mannheim, the son of an organist and choirmaster. He studied at the Hochschule für Musik there from 1918 to 1921, and at the Universities of Heidelberg and Göttingen. He made his professional debut as a pianist in 1918.

He conducted at Göttingen (1923-1927), firstly as choirmaster and later as conductor of the Municipal Theatre. In Essen he was head of the classes for opera and orchestra at the Folkwangschule. He also conducted in Hildesheim and Hanover until 1938. In 1934 he became conductor of the Göttingen International Handel Festival,where he conducted the first modern production of Handel's ''Tolomeo'', on 19 June 1938. He resigned after conflict with the Nazi authorities in 1944.

Lehmann was Generalmusikdirektor in Bad Pyrmont (1934-1938), and Wuppertal (1938-1947). He returned to the Göttingen International Handel Festival in 1946, remaining there until 1953. On 29 June 1947 he led the first modern production of Handel's ''Teseo''.

He founded the Berliner Motettenchor (Berlin Motet Choir) to perform mainly works of Johann Sebastian Bach. He recorded several Bach cantatas with the Berlin Philharmonic and soloists including Helmut Krebs and Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, who also appeared in his 1949 recording of the ''St Matthew Passion'' as the Evangelist and Vox Christi (voice of Christ).

From 1953 he taught at the Munich Hochschule für Musik und Theater. He simultaneously had an active career as a guest conductor in various European countries and Argentina, and led the Bamberg Symphony on a tour of Spain.

During the interval while conducting the ''St Matthew Passion'' in Munich, on Good Friday, 30 March 1956, Lehmann collapsed and died of a heart attack, aged only 51. Another conductor took over for the second half, the audience not being informed of Lehmann's death until the end of the performance. Lehmann had begun to record Bach's ''Christmas Oratorio'' with the Berliner Motettenchor and the RIAS Kammerchor, the Berlin Philharmonic and soloists Gunthild Weber, Sieglinde Wagner, Helmut Krebs and Heinz Rehfuss in 1955. It was unfinished when he died; Günther Arndt conducted parts 5 and 6 in 1956.

Recordings

Fritz Lehmann's recordings include:

J.S. Bach:

*Cantatas BWV 1, 4, 19, 21, 39, 56, 79, 82, 105, 170, 189

*Mass in B minor

*''St Matthew Passion''

*''St John Passion''

''Christmas Oratorio''

Brahms: ''A German Requiem''

Corelli: Concerto Grosso No. 1

Humperdinck: ''Hänsel und Gretel'' (with Rita Streich, Munich Philharmonic)

Korngold: ''Die tote Stadt'' (recorded September 1952)

Mozart:

*Piano Concerto in D major, "Coronation", K. 537 (Berlin Philharmonic; Carl Seemann, piano)

*Concert Rondo in D major, K. 382 (Bamberg Symphony, Carl Seemann)

Schubert: Music for ''Rosamunde'' and ''Die Zauberharfe''

References

Category:1904 births Category:1956 deaths Category:German conductors (music) Category:Choral conductors Category:German music educators Category:Conductors who died while conducting Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:People from Mannheim

de:Fritz Lehmann nl:Fritz Lehmann sv:Fritz Lehmann

Fritz Werner (born 15 December 1898 in Berlin, died 22 December 1977 in Heilbronn) was a German choral conductor, church music director, conductor, organist and composer. He founded the Heinrich-Schütz-Chor Heilbronn in 1947 and conducted it until 1973.

Biography

Fritz Werner studied at the Berliner Akademie für Kirchen- und Schulmusik, the University in Berlin and at the Preußische Akademie der Künste. His teachers were Wolfgang Reimann, Arthur Egidi, Fritz Heitmann, Richard Münnich, Carl Stumpf and Georg Schumann (composition, organ), Kurt Schubert (piano), Max Seiffert and Johannes Wolf (history of music), Richard Hagel (conducting). In 1935 he became organist at the Bethlehemskirche in Potsdam-Babelsberg and a school teacher. In 1936 he became organist and cantor at the St. Nikolaikirche in Potsdam, promoted to Kirchenmusikdirektor (director of church music) in 1938. In 1939 he became music director at Radio Paris. After World War II he was organist and cantor at the Kilianskirche in Heilbronn from 1946 until 1964. In 1966 he left his collection of music to the town of Heilbronn.

Heinrich-Schütz-Chor Heilbronn

Fritz Werner founded the Heinrich-Schütz-Chor Heilbronn in 1947 and conducted it until 1973. First they concentrated on the music of Heinrich Schütz and made it known in Heilbronn and the region. Later they recorded numerous works of Johann Sebastian Bach, his passions, oratorios, motets and especially more than 50 of his cantatas. Vocal soloists have included Agnes Giebel, Edith Selig, Claudia Hellmann, Barbara Scherler, Hertha Töpper, Theo Altmeyer, Kurt Huber, Helmut Krebs, Jakob Stämpfli, Barry McDaniel, Bruce Abel and Franz Kelch, instrumental soloists Maurice André (trumpet), Hermann Baumann (horn), Marie-Claire Alain (organ) and György Terebesi (violin). Orchestras for the recordings have included the Pforzheim Chamber Orchestra, the Württembergisches Kammerorchester Heilbronn and the Südwestfunk Orchester. Werner's Bach recordings were compared to those of his contemporary Karl Richter. A reviewer wrote about his cantata recordings: "... this wise, discerning and humane Bach conductor has much to teach us, even (perhaps especially) in an age when we are so used to performances of Bach in period style and by small or smallish forces. But the other thing that listening to all these performances has reinforced for me is how endlessly inventive, how eloquent and how moving is the music of Bach. I suspect that Fritz Werner would regard that as the best possible testament to his work." The same reviewer stated about a recording of the ''St Matthew Passion'' with Helmut Krebs as the Evangelist: "Werner's pacing of the whole work and his vision of it is compelling. The drama moves inexorably forward and the entire story is most movingly related."

In 1998 the choir celebrated his 100th birthday with a performance of his motets ''Die Botschaft'' on Bible words for mixed choir a cappella with soprano, baritone and oboe soloists in the Nikolaikirche Heilbronn, conducted by Michael Böttcher.

Composer

His compositions of more than 50 opus-numbers have included the cantata ''Trauermusik'' (1935), ''Apfelkantate'' (1939), ''Symphonie in d'' (1954), ''Suite Concertante'' (1969), ''Psalmen-Triptychon'' (1972), a collection of motets ''Die Botschaft'' (1973), and concertos for trumpet, horn, piano and violin. His cantata ''Jesus Christus herrscht als König'' for choir, brass and timpani was published as well as a piano concerto, ''Konzertante Musik für Flöte, Oboe und Horn'', ''Symphonische Musik für Streichorchester'' (music for string orchestra), and the cantata ''Von der Eitelkeit der Welt'' (Of the vanity of the world). In 1964 he wrote as his op. 44 an oratorio for Pentecost ''Veni, sancte spiritus'' (Come, Holy Spirit) on the sequence ''Veni sancte spiritus''. The ''Oratorium nach Worten der Heiligen Schrift'' (oratorio after Bible words) for mixed choir, two solo voices and orchestra was first performed on 16 May 1971. It was published by the Carus-Verlag under the title Veni Sancte Spiritus. The music for string orchestra was premiered by the Württembergisches Kammerorchester Heilbronn on 31 January 1968. His ''Suite Concertante'' for high trumpet, string orchestra and percussion op. 48 was recorded right after its premiere on 23 September 1971 with Maurice André and the same chamber orchestra. His ''Trumpet and Organ Duo'' op. 53 was recorded several times, for example with Michael Feldner and Petra Morath-Pusinelli or with Malte Burba and Johannes von Erdmann.

Fritz Werner contributed to a revitalisation of church music in Germany in the 20th century, in a row with Rudolf Mauersberger, Günther Ramin and Johann Nepomuk David.

Awards

1973 Bundesverdienstkreuz I. Klasse

1974 Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

Literature

Christhard Schrenk: ''Ein Künstlerleben im 20. Jahrhundert – Fritz Werner (1898–1977).'' In: ''Heilbronner Köpfe II.'' Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1999, ISBN 3-928990-70-5 (''Kleine Schriftenreihe des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn.'' Band 45), p. 191–200 (in German)

References

External links

Heinrich-Schütz-Chor-Heilbronn

Entries for Bach recordings of Fritz Werner on WorldCat

Entries for musical scores of Fritz Werner on WorldCat

Category:Choral conductors Category:German conductors (music) Category:German composers Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Category:1898 births Category:1977 deaths Category:Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg

de:Fritz Werner (Komponist) ja:フリッツ・ヴェルナー

Rudolf Spielmann (5 May 1883, Vienna - 20 August 1942, Stockholm) was an Austrian-Jewish chess player of the romantic school, and chess writer.

Career

He was a lawyer but never worked as one.

Spielmann was known as "The Master of Attack" and "The Last Knight of the King's Gambit". His daredevil play was full of sacrifices, brilliancies, and beautiful ideas. This was exemplified, for example, in the 1923 Carlsbad tournament, where he did not have a single draw (with five wins and twelve losses).

Despite a strong opposition at that time with players like Alekhine, Capablanca, Emanuel Lasker, Tarrasch, Rubinstein, Nimzowitsch, and Tartakower, Spielmann managed to score well in numerous tournaments. He won 33 of the roughly 120 in which he played, including Bad Pistyan 1912; Stockholm 1919; Bad Pistyan 1922; and Semmering 1926.

He is also remembered as the author of the classic book ''The Art of Sacrifice in Chess.''

As a Jew, Spielmann had to flee from the Nazis, escaping to Sweden. He died in Stockholm in great poverty.

Results versus Capablanca

Spielmann was one of few players to have an even score (+2 =8 -2) against Capablanca, one of an even smaller number to win more than one game against him, and the only person to fulfill both of those. Both of Spielmann's wins came shortly after Alekhine dethroned Capablanca as World Champion in 1927: at Bad Kissingen 1928 and Karlsbad 1929. Here is one of Spielmann's wins:

Capablanca–Spielmann, Bad Kissingen 1928 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 dxc4 5.e3 b5 6.a4 b4 7.Na2 e6 8.Bxc4 Be7 9.O-O O-O 10.b3 c5 11.Bb2 Bb7 12.Nc1 Nc6 13.dxc5 Na5 14.Ne5 Nxc4 15.Nxc4 Bxc5 16.Nd3 Qd5 17.Nf4 Qg5 18.Bxf6 Qxf6 19.Rc1 Rfd8 20.Qh5 Rac8 21.Rfd1 g6 22.Rxd8+ Qxd8 23.Qe5 Be7 24.h3 Rc5 25.Qa1 Bf6 26.Rd1 Rd5 27.Rxd5 exd5 28.Ne5 Qd6 29.Nfd3 Ba6 30.Qe1 Bxe5 31.Nxe5 Qxe5 32.Qxb4 Bd3 33.Qc5 Qb8 34.b4 Qb7 35.b5 h5 36.Qc3 Bc4 37.e4 Qe7 38.exd5 Bxd5 39.a5 Qe4 0–1

Quotes

According to Richard Réti, Spielmann demonstrated "unusual resourcefulness in complicated situations, in which he felt perfectly at home."

Spielmann himself believed "A good sacrifice is one that is not necessarily sound but leaves your opponent dazed and confused."

"Play the opening like a book, the middle game like a magician, and the endgame like a machine." - Spielmann

References

Further reading

''The Art of Sacrifice in Chess'' by Rudolf Spielmann, Dover, ISBN 0-486-28449-2.

''The Masters: Rudolf Spielmann Master of Invention'', Neil McDonald, Everyman Chess, ISBN 1-85744-406-X.

External links

Chessville book review

Category:1883 births Category:1942 deaths Category:Austrian chess players Category:Jewish chess players Category:Chess writers Category:Chess Olympiad competitors Category:Austrian Jews Category:Austrian refugees Category:Jewish refugees Category:Swedish people of Austrian descent Category:People from Vienna

ca:Rudolf Spielmann de:Rudolf Spielmann es:Rudolf Spielmann fa:رودلف اشپیلمن fr:Rudolf Spielmann gl:Rudolf Spielmann it:Rudolf Spielmann he:רודולף שפילמן nl:Rudolf Spielmann pl:Rudolf Spielmann pt:Rudolph Spielmann ru:Шпильман, Рудольф fi:Rudolf Spielmann sv:Rudolf Spielmann