Fabriano
—  Comune  —
Comune di Fabriano
Fabriano Location of Fabriano in Italy
Coordinates: 43°20′N 12°55′E / 43.333°N 12.917°E / 43.333; 12.917
Country	Italy
Region	Marche
Province	Ancona (AN)
Frazioni	see list
Government
• Mayor	Giancarlo Sagramola (PD)
Area
• Total	269.91 km2 (104.21 sq mi)
Elevation	325 m (1,066 ft)
Population (31 August 2010)
• Total	31,924
• Density	120/km2 (310/sq mi)
Demonym	Fabrianesi
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	60044
Dialing code	0732
Patron saint	St. John the Baptist
Saint day	June 24
Website	Official website

Fabriano is a town and comune of Ancona province in the Italian region of the Marche, at 325 m above sea-level. It lies in the Esino valley 44 km (27 mi) upstream and SW of Jesi; and 15 km ENE of Fossato di Vico and 36 km east of Gubbio (both in Umbria). Its location on the main highway and rail line from Umbria to the Adriatic make it a mid-sized regional center in the Apennines. Fabriano is the headquarters of the giant appliance maker Indesit.

History[link]

Fabriano appears to have been founded in the early Middle Ages by the inhabitants of a small Roman town 5 km (3 mi) south at Attiggio (Latin Attidium), of which some slight remains and inscriptions are extant. Fabriano itself was one of the earliest places in Europe to make high-quality paper on an industrial scale, starting in the 13th century, and the town even today has a reputation for fine watermarked paper. This led to Fabriano's prosperity in the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and was also one of the factors that led to the establishment of nearby Foligno in Umbria as one of the earliest printing centers in Italy in the 15th century, from 1470 onwards.

Main sights[link]

This section requires expansion.

Fabriano's wealth and commitment to the fine arts in the late medieval period have left it with many monuments.

Churches[link]

• The Cathedral of St. Venantius (14th century, rebuilt in 1607-1617). From the Baroque restoration are the stucco decoration of the interior and the canvasses by Gregorio Preti, Salvator Rosa, Giovan Francesco Guerrieri, Giuseppe Puglia and Orazio Gentileschi. To the original Cathedral belong the polygonal apse, the cloister and the St. Lawrence Chapel, with frescoes from of Allegretto di Nuzio (c. 1360). Also important are the frescoes with histories of the Holy Cross by the Folignate Giovanni di Corraduccio (1415).
• San Domenico
• Sts. Blaise and Romuald
• Sant'Onofrio
• St. Philip
• The Benedictine Abbey
• St. Augustine
• St. Catherine
• Collegiata of St. Nicholas
• Santa Maria del Piangato
• St. Benedict
• Oratory of the Gonfalone

Palazzo del Podestà.

Other buildings[link]

• Palazzo del Podestà (1255) built in white stone from Vallemontagnana and subsequently modified several times. It has a characteristical bridge structure, a memory of the stream which once flew under it. The central arcade has frescoes from the 13th-14th centuries portraying warriors and an enigmatic Wheel of Fortune moved by a feminine figure.
• Sturinalto Fountain (1285), designed by Jacopo di Grondolo, who was inspired by the Fontana Maggiore in Perugia.
• Communal Palace (c. 1350, rebuilt in 1690). It was the residence of the Chiavelli family, lords of the city until 1435. In the court is a lapidarium with fragments of buildings of the ancient Roman cities of Attidium (Attiggio), Tuficum (Borgo Tufico) and Sentinum (Sassoferrato).
• The former Hospital of St. Mary of Good Jesus (1456)
• Loggiato of St. Francis (c. 1450)
• Vasari Portico (1316)
• Museum of Paper

People[link]

• Gentile da Fabriano, 15th century painter, whose most famous work, an oil painting of the Epiphany, is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.
• Saint John dal Bastone 12th Century Silvestrine monk, born in Paterno.

Frazioni[link]

Frazioni of Fabriano are:

Albacina, Argignano, Attiggio, Bassano, Bastia, Belvedere, Borgo Tufico, Cacciano, Ca' Maiano, Campodiegoli, Campodonico, Cancelli, Cantia, Castelletta, Ceresola, Ciaramella, Coccore, Collamato, Collegiglioni, Colle Paganello, Cupo, Fontanaldo, Grotte, Marena, Marenella, Marischio, Melano, Moscano, Nebbiano, Paterno, Poggio San Romualdo, Precicchie, Rocchetta, Rucce, San Donato, San Giovanni, San Michele, San Pietro, Sant'Elia, Serradica, Valgiubbola, Vallemontagnana, Valleremita, Vallina, Varano, Viacce, Vigne.

External links[link]

• Official website
• Museo della Carta (Paper making museum)
• Fabriano Storica - history, art, culture, legend, curiosity
• Mapquest - Fabriano
• Bill Thayer's site
• Made in Fabriano Academy

(Incorporates text from Bill Thayer's Gazetteer of Italy, by permission.)

Vito Volterra
Vito Volterra
Born	(1860-05-03)3 May 1860 Ancona
Died	11 October 1940(1940-10-11) (aged 80) Rome
Nationality	Italian
Fields	Mathematics
Institutions	University of Turin
Alma mater	University of Pisa
Doctoral advisor	Enrico Betti
Doctoral students	Paul Pierre Lévy Joseph Pérès
Known for	Lotka–Volterra equations
Notable awards	FRS[1]

Vito Volterra (3 May 1860 – 11 October 1940) was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to mathematical biology and integral equations.^[2][3]

Born in Ancona, then part of the Papal States, into a very poor Jewish family, Volterra showed early promise in mathematics before attending the University of Pisa, where he fell under the influence of Enrico Betti, and where he became professor of rational mechanics in 1883. He immediately started work developing his theory of functionals which led to his interest and later contributions in integral and integro-differential equations. His work is summarised in his book Theory of functionals and of Integral and Integro-Differential Equations (1930).

In 1892, he became professor of mechanics at the University of Turin and then, in 1900, professor of mathematical physics at the University of Rome La Sapienza. Volterra had grown up during the final stages of the Risorgimento when the Papal States were finally annexed by Italy and, like his mentor Betti, he was an enthusiastic patriot, being named by the king Victor Emmanuel III as a senator of the Kingdom of Italy in 1905. In the same year, he began to develop the theory of dislocations in crystals that was later to become important in the understanding of the behaviour of ductile materials. On the outbreak of World War I, already well into his 50s, he joined the Italian Army and worked on the development of airships under Giulio Douhet. He originated the idea of using inert helium rather than flammable hydrogen and made use of his leadership abilities in organising its manufacture.

After World War I, Volterra turned his attention to the application of his mathematical ideas to biology, principally reiterating and developing the work of Pierre François Verhulst. The most famous outcome of this period is the Lotka–Volterra equations.

In 1922, he joined the opposition to the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and in 1931 he was one of only 12 out of 1,250 professors who refused to take a mandatory oath of loyalty. His political philosophy can be seen from a postcard he sent in the 1930s, on which he wrote what can be seen as an epitaph for Mussolini’s Italy: Empires die, but Euclid’s theorems keep their youth forever. However, Volterra was no radical firebrand; he might have been equally appalled if the leftist opposition to Mussolini had come to power, since he was a lifelong royalist and nationalist. As a result of his refusal to sign the oath of allegiance to the fascist government he was compelled to resign his university post and his membership of scientific academies, and, during the following years, he lived largely abroad, returning to Rome just before his death.

See also[link]

• Volterra (crater)
• Volterra's function
• Lotka–Volterra equation
• Smith–Volterra–Cantor set
• Volterra integral equation
• Volterra series
• Product integral
• Volterra operator
• Volterra space
• Volterra Semiconductor
• Poincaré lemma

References[link]

Selected writings by Volterra[link]

• 1910. Leçons sur les fonctions de lignes. Paris: Gauthier-Villars.
• 1912. The theory of permutable functions. Princeton University Press.
• 1913. Leçons sur les équations intégrales et les équations intégro-différentielles. Paris: Gauthier-Villars.
• 1926, "Variazioni e fluttuazioni del numero d'individui in specie animali conviventi," Mem. R. Accad. Naz. dei Lincei 2: 31–113.
• 1926, "Fluctuations in the abundance of a species considered mathematically," Nature 118: 558–60.
• 1960. Sur les Distorsions des corps élastiques (with Enrico Volterra). Paris: Gauthier-Villars.
• 1930. Theory of functionals and of integral and integro-differential equations. Blackie & Son.
• 1931. Leçons sur la théorie mathématique de la lutte pour la vie. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. Reissued 1990, Gabay, J., ed.

Bibliography[link]

• Castelnuovo, G. (1943), "Vito Volterra" (in Italian), Rendiconti della Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL, Memorie di Matematica e Applicazioni, Serie 3, XXV (70): 87–95, MR 0021530, Zbl 0061.00605, http://www.accademiaxl.it/Biblioteca/Pubblicazioni/browser.php?VoceID=1375 .
• Goodstein, Judith R. (2007), The Volterra Chronicles: The Life and Times of an Extraordinary Mathematician 1860–1940, History of Mathematics, 31, Providence, RI-London: American Mathematical Society/London Mathematical Society, ISBN 0-8218-3969-1, MR 2287463, Zbl 1123.01016 . See also the review in American Scientist.
• Israel, G. (2005), "Book on mathematical biology", in Grattan-Guinness, I., Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics, 1640–1940, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. xxvi+310, ISBN 0-444-50871-6, MR 0408866, Zbl 1090.01002 
• Israel, G. (1988). "On the contribution of Volterra and Lotka to the development of modern biomathematics". History and philosophy of the life sciences 10 (1): 37–49. PMID 3045853.  edit
• Scudo, F. (1971). "Vito Volterra and theoretical ecology". Theoretical Population Biology 2 (1): 1–23. DOI:10.1016/0040-5809(71)90002-5. PMID 4950157.  edit
• Pancaldi, G. (1993) ‟Vito Volterra: Cosmopolitan Ideals and Nationality in the Italian Scientific Community between the “Belle époque” and the First World War.” in «Minerva», 31: 21-37.

External links[link]

• Gustavo Colonnetti e le origini dell'ingegneria in Italia, Fausto Giovannardi