Longman was a publishing company founded in London, England in 1724.^{[citation needed]} It is now an imprint of Pearson Education.

History[link]

Beginnings[link]

The Longman company was founded by Thomas Longman (1699 – 18 June 1755), the son of Ezekiel Longman (died 1708), a gentleman of Bristol. Thomas was apprenticed in 1716 to John Osborn, a London bookseller, and at the expiration of his apprenticeship married Osborn's daughter. In August 1724, he purchased the stock and household goods of William Taylor, the first publisher of Robinson Crusoe, for £2282 9s 6d. Taylor’s two shops in Paternoster Row, London, were known respectively as the Black Swan and the Ship, and became the publishing house premises.

Longman entered into partnership with his father-in-law, Osborn, who held one-sixth of the shares in Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia (1728). Longman himself was one of the six booksellers who undertook the responsibility of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary (1746–1755).

Second and third generations[link]

In 1754, Longman took into partnership his nephew, Thomas Longman (1730–1797), and the title of the firm became T. and T. Longman. Upon the death of his uncle in 1755, Longman became sole proprietor. He greatly extended the colonial trade of the firm. In 1794 he took Owen Rees as a partner; in the same year, Thomas Brown (c. 1777–1869) entered the house as an apprentice.

Longman had three sons. Of these, Thomas Norton Longman (1771–1842) succeeded to the business. In 1804 two more partners were admitted, and the former apprentice Brown became a partner in 1811; in 1824 the title of the firm was changed to Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green.

In 1799 Longman purchased the copyright of Lindley Murray's English Grammar, which had an annual sale of about 50,000 copies. In the following year Richmal Mangnall's Historical and Miscellaneous Questions for the Use of Young People was purchased, and went through 84 editions by 1857.^[1] About 1800 he also purchased the copyright of Southey's Joan of Arc and Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads, from Joseph Cottle of Bristol. He published the works of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey and Scott, and acted as London agent for the Edinburgh Review, which was started in 1802.

In 1814 arrangements were made with Thomas Moore for the publication of Laila Rookh, for which he was paid £3000; and when Archibald Constable failed in 1826, Longmans became the proprietors of the Edinburgh Review. They issued in 1829 Lardner’s Cabinet Encyclopaedia, and in 1832 McCulloch's Commercial Dictionary.

Fourth and fifth generations[link]

Thomas Norton Longman died on August 29, 1842, leaving his two sons, Thomas (1804–1879) and William (1813–1877), in control of the business in Paternoster Row. Their first success was the publication of Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome, which was followed in 1841 by the issue of the first two volumes of his History of England, which after a few years had a sale of 40,000 copies.

The two brothers were well known for their literary talent. Thomas Longman edited a beautifully illustrated edition of the New Testament, and William Longman was the author of several important books, among them a History of the Three Cathedrals dedicated to St Paul (1869) and a work on the History of the Life and Times of Edward III (1873). In 1863 the firm took over the business of Mr JW Parker, and with it Fraser's Magazine, and the publication of the works of John Stuart Mill and JA Froude; while in 1890 they incorporated with their own all the publications of the old firm of Rivington, established in 1711. The family control of the firm (later Longmans, Green & Co.) was continued by Thomas Norton Longman, son of Thomas Longman.

1900 onwards[link]

In December 1940, Longman's Paternoster Row offices were destroyed in The Blitz, along with most of the company's stock. The company survived this crisis, however, and became a public company in 1948. Longman was acquired by the media conglomerate Pearson in 1968. In 1972, Mark Longman, last of the Longman family to run the company, died.

Longman continues to exist as an imprint of Pearson Education, under the name Pearson Longman. Pearson Longman specializes in English, including English as a second or foreign language, history, economics, philosophy, political science, and religion.

See also[link]

• Badminton Library
• National Translation Mission (NTM)

References[link]

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links[link]

• Longman USA
• Longman UK
• Longman Online Dictionary

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Genesis Israeli Rose Schmitz Briggs Be (born December 5) is an American recording artist, songwriter, executive producer, social entrepreneur and CEO of independent record company Open Sky Artworks. She is a scholar of the prestigious NYU Catherine B. Reynolds Program for Social Entrepreneurship . She is a NYU political science major as well as a graduate from the exclusive Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music at the Tisch School of the Arts. She recently accepted a fellowship from The Hip-Hop Education Center at NYU. In 2011, Be launched a multi-media initiative called "Strive Till I Rise" geared toward youth empowerment. By speaking at high schools, colleges and after school programs, Be educates young adults about responsible consumerism, voting power and how to utilize their individual influence to positively impact their community. Strive Till I Rise uses online tools to release information, music, videos and events relating to Strive Till I Rise's message of youth empowerment.

Early Life / Family Legacy[link]

Genesis Be

Genesis Be is the daughter of published author and spiritual advisor, Ishmael Be and registered nurse Lisa Schmitz Briggs. She is of Native American, African American, Hungarian, French and German descent. Raised in Biloxi, MS, Be graduated from Biloxi High School right before Hurricane Katrina devastated the Gulf Coast Region. Genesis Be witnessed first hand the destruction of the Storm and her traumatic experiences are portrayed in her 2nd studio album “18 In America”.

Genesis Be is also the grand daughter of Civil Rights Activist Rev. Clyde Briggs and Mary Geraldine Briggs of Roxie, Mississippi. Phillip and Violet Schmitz are Be's grandparents on her mother's side. Genesis accredits her social activist spirit to the legacy of her grandparents and her father. Rev. Clyde Briggs educated and encouraged black citizens to vote in Franklin County during the 1960s. After being accused of smuggling guns into Franklin County to arm black residents against the Ku Klux Klan, Rev. Briggs was murdered at the young age of 42.

Recent Activity[link]

Genesis Be recently founded the Strive Till I Rise Campaign, dedicated to empowering the youth to use their individual influence to improve their communities. She released her fourth studio album, "Mississippi To Manhattan", on April 19, 2011. Genesis graduated from NYU on May 18, 2011. In 2011, the Kairos Society offered Genesis Be a fellowship, she accepted. Be is also the recipient of a Nia Award: Ronald McNair/Arthur Schomburg For Academic Excellence. Most recently, Genesis accepted a 2011 NYU President's Service Award from John Sexton for her community service in the Gulf Coast Region and for her volunteer work in NYC public schools.

Discography[link]

Singles

• 2005: “More Than A Warrior”
• 2007: “I Don’t Discriminate”
• 2008: “Lovers Or Friends”
• 2009: “Precious Beyond Measure”
• 2010: “Laughin At Ya Lames”
• 2011: "Like A Movie"
• 2011: "At A Standstill"

Albums

• 2005: 17 In America
• 2006: 18 In America
• 2007: 19 In America
• 2011: Mississippi To Manhattan

References[link]

Jackson Free Press: Rev. Clyde Briggs March 31, 2007

The Past Is Never Dead: Briggs, Clyde, pg 67, 73, 118,206

Amazon: Espylacopa, John Ellis Ishmael Briggs Be

Zora & Alice Magazine August 6, 2010

Maximus Magazine Fall 2009

Reynolds Social Entrepreneurship

Nia Awards: Genesis Be. Jeff Rabhan

Washington Square News May 11, 2009

Open Sky Artworks Website

Strive Till I Rise Website

President's Service Award Winners

External links[link]

• Mississippi To Manhattan
• 19 In America
• 18 In America
• Official Website
• Official Twitter Page
• Official Myspace Page
• Official Facebook Page

Tremper Longman, III is an Old Testament theologian, professor and author of several books, including 2009 ECPA Christian Book Award winner Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings.^[1]

Biography[link]

He serves as a Robert H. Gundry Professor of Biblical Studies at Westmont College in Santa Barbara, California. He earned his B.A. from Ohio Wesleyan University, his M.Div. from Westminster Theological Seminary, and his M.Phil. and Ph.D. from Yale University.

Prior to joining Westmont in 1998, Longman taught for eighteen years at Westminster in Philadelphia. He has also served as visiting professor of Old Testament at Mars Hill Graduate School, an adjunct professor at Fuller Theological Seminary, and a guest lecturer at Regent College and the Canadian Theological Seminary.^[2]

Longman has contributed to a number of commentaries, including the New International Commentary on the Old Testament (The Song of Solomon and Ecclesiastes), NIV Application Commentary (Daniel), New International Biblical Commentary (Jeremiah and Lamentations), and the Baker Old Testament Wisdom series (Proverbs).^[3] In addition, he was the senior translator for the wisdom books on the central committee that produced and now monitors the New Living Translation.^[4]

Personal life[link]

He is married to Alice Longman and has three sons.^[5]

Selected publications[link]

• How to read the Psalms (1988) ISBN 0-87784-941-2
• Fictional Akkadian autobiography: a generic and comparative study (1991) ISBN 0-931464-41-2
• The complete literary guide to the Bible - with Leland Ryken (1993) ISBN 0-310-23078-0
• An introduction to the Old Testament - with Raymond B. Dillard (1994) ISBN 0-310-43250-2
• God is a Warrior - with Daniel Reid (1995) ISBN 0-310-49461-3
• The book of Ecclesiastes (1998) ISBN 0-8028-2366-1
• Dictionary of biblical imagery - with Leland Ryken (1998) ISBN 0-8308-1451-5
• A biblical history of Israel - with Iain William Provan and V. Philips Long (2003) ISBN 0-664-22090-8

References[link]

Jackson Carey Frank (March 2, 1943 - March 3, 1999) was an American folk musician. Although he released only one official album in his lifetime and never achieved much commercial success, he is reported to have influenced several better-known singer-songwriters such as Paul Simon and Nick Drake.

Early life[link]

When Jackson Frank was 11, a furnace exploded at his school, sending a ball of flames down corridors until it ended up in Frank's music classroom in the Cleveland Hill Elementary School in Cheektowaga, New York.^[1] The fire killed fifteen of his fellow students and burned Frank over more than half his body.^[1] It was during his time in the hospital that he was first introduced to playing music, when a teacher, Charlie Castelli, brought in an acoustic guitar to keep Frank occupied during his recovery. When he was 21, he was awarded an insurance check of $110,500 for his injuries, giving him enough to "catch a boat to England."^[1]

Music career[link]

His eponymous 1965 album, Jackson C. Frank, was produced by Paul Simon while the two of them were also playing folk clubs in England. Frank was so shy during the recording that he asked to be shielded by screens so that Paul Simon, Art Garfunkel, and Al Stewart (who also attended the recording) could not see him, claiming 'I can't play. You're looking at me.' The most famous track, "Blues Run the Game", was covered by Simon and Garfunkel, and later by Wizz Jones,^[2]Counting Crows, Colin Meloy, Bert Jansch, Laura Marling, and Robin Pecknold (White Antelope), while Nick Drake also recorded it privately. Another song, "Milk and Honey", appeared in Vincent Gallo's film The Brown Bunny, and was also covered by Fairport Convention, Nick Drake, and Sandy Denny, whom he dated for a while. During their relationship, Jackson convinced Sandy to give up nursing (then her profession) and concentrate on music full time.

Although Frank was well received in England for a while, in 1966 things took a turn for the worse as his mental health began to unravel. At the same time he began to experience writer's block. His insurance payment was running out so he decided to go back to the United States for two years. When he returned to England in 1968 he was deemed a different person. His depression, stemming from the childhood trauma of the classroom fire, had increased and he had no self-confidence. Al Stewart recalled that:

"He [Frank] proceeded to fall apart before our very eyes. His style that everyone loved was melancholy, very tuneful things. He started doing things that were completely impenetrable. They were basically about psychological angst, played at full volume with lots of thrashing. I don't remember a single word of them, it just did not work. There was one review that said he belonged on a psychologist's couch. Then shortly after that, he hightailed it back to Woodstock again, because he wasn't getting any work."^[1]

Woodstock 1970[link]

While in Woodstock, he married Elaine Sedgwick, an English former fashion model. They had a son and later a daughter, Angeline. After his son died of Cystic Fibrosis, Frank went into a period of great depression and was ultimately committed to an institution. By the early 1970s Frank began to beg aid from friends. Karl Dallas wrote an enthusiastic piece in 1975 in Melody Maker, and in 1978, his 1965 album was re-released as Jackson Frank Again, with a new cover sleeve, although this did not encourage fresh awareness of Frank.

1980s - death[link]

In 1984, Frank took a trip to New York City in a desperate bid to locate Paul Simon, but he ended up sleeping on the sidewalk. His mother, who had been in hospital for open heart surgery, found him gone with no forwarding address when she arrived home. He was living on the street and was frequently admitted and discharged from various institutions. He was treated for paranoid schizophrenia, a diagnosis that was refuted - perhaps justly - by Frank himself as he had always claimed that he actually had depression caused by the trauma he had experienced as a child. Just as Frank’s prospects seemed to be at their worst, a fan from the area around Woodstock, Jim Abbott, discovered him in the early 1990s. Abbott had been discussing music with Mark Anderson, a teacher at the local college he was attending. The conversation had turned to folk music, which they both enjoyed, when Abbott asked the teacher if he had heard of Frank. He recollected:

"I hadn’t even thought about it for a couple of years, and he goes, ‘Well yes, as a matter of fact, I just got a letter from him. Do you feel like helping a down-on-his-luck folk singer?"^[1]

Frank, who had known Anderson from their days at Gettysburg College, had decided to write him to ask if there was anywhere in Woodstock he could stay after he had made up his mind to leave New York City. Abbott phoned Frank, and then organized a temporary placement for him at a senior citizens’ home in Woodstock. Abbott was stunned by what he saw when he travelled to New York to visit Frank.

"When I went down I hadn’t seen a picture of him, except for his album cover. Then, he was thin and young. When I went to see him, there was this heavy guy hobbling down the street, and I thought, ‘That can’t possibly be him’…I just stopped and said ‘Jackson?’ and it was him. My impression was, ‘Oh my God’, it was almost like the elephant man or something. He was so unkempt, dishevelled.” a further side effect of the fire was a thyroid malfunction causing him to put on weight. “He had nothing. It was really sad. We went and had lunch and went back to his room. It almost made me cry, because here was a fifty-year-old man, and all he had to his name was a beat-up old suitcase and a broken pair of glasses. I guess his caseworker had given him a $10 guitar, but it wouldn’t stay in tune. It was one of those hot summer days. He tried to play Blues Run The Game for me, but his voice was pretty much shot."^[1]

Soon after this, Frank was sitting on a bench in Queens, New York while awaiting a move to Woodstock, when someone shot him in his left eye and consequently blinded him. At first no details were known, but it was later determined that children from the neighborhood were firing a pellet gun indiscriminately at people and Frank happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time.

Abbott then promptly helped him move to Woodstock. During this time, Frank began recording some demos of new songs. Frank’s resurfacing led to the first CD release of his self-titled album. In some pressings, Frank's later songs were included as a bonus disc with the album.

Frank died of pneumonia and cardiac arrest in Great Barrington, Massachusetts on March 3, 1999, at the age of 56.

Legacy[link]

Though he never achieved fame during his lifetime, his songs have been covered by many well-known artists, including Simon and Garfunkel, Counting Crows, Nick Drake, Sandy Denny, Bert Jansch, and Robin Pecknold (as White Antelope) of Fleet Foxes.

Frank's song "I Want To Be Alone", also known as "Dialogue," appeared on the soundtrack for the film Daft Punk's Electroma.

Soulsavers covered "Blues Run the Game" on their single "Revival" (7" vinyl, 30 April 2007).

Marianne Faithfull covered Frank's arrangement of a traditional song, "Kimbie" on her 2008 album Easy Come, Easy Go and included the song in the repertoire of her 2009 tour.

Erland & The Carnival also covered "My Name Is Carnival," apparently Frank's favourite song. Bert Jansch also covered this song as a gesture to Frank.

Sandy Denny's song, "Next Time Around," contains coded references to Frank, her ex-boyfriend.^[3]

"Marcy's Song" is played by Patrick, John Hawkes' character, in the 2011 film Martha Marcy May Marlene and "Marlene" plays in the closing credits.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Jackson C. Frank (1965)

Re-issues:- 1978 ('Jackson Again', vinyl), 1996 (CD), 2001 (vinyl), 2001 (CD), 2003 (2 CD)

Singles[link]

• Blues Run the Game / Can't Get Away From My Love (1965, 7")

References[link]

External links[link]

• Jackson Carey Frank at the Internet Movie Database
• Jackson C. Frank homepage
• Jackson C Frank Complete Discography at the Folk Blues & Beyond website
• http://www.myspace.com/jacksoncfrank tribute album project
• Review of Jackson C. Frank at Crawdaddy!