Afghan afghani
Pashto: افغانۍ, Persian افغانی
1000 Afghanis Banknote (2002 issue) 1000 Afghanis Banknote (2002 issue)
ISO 4217 code	AFN
Central bank	Da Afghanistan Bank
Website	www.centralbank.gov.af
User(s)	Afghanistan (alongside the US dollar)
Inflation	26.8%
Source	The World Factbook, 2008 est.
Subunit
1/100	pul
Symbol	Af (sing.) or Afs[1]
Coins	1 Af,[1] 2, 5 Afs
Banknotes	1 Af, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 Afs

The Afghani (sign: Afs;^[1] Pashto: افغانۍ; Persian افغانی; code: AFN) is the currency of Afghanistan. It is notionally subdivided into 100 pul (پول), although there are no pul coins in circulation.

Original Afghani (1925-2003)[link]

The first Afghani (ISO 4217 code: AFA) was introduced in 1925. In addition to being subdivided into 100 pul, 20 Afghani were equal to the amani. The rate of conversion from the rupee is sometimes quoted as 1 Afghani = 1.1 rupee,^[2] based on the silver contents of the last rupee coins and the first Afghani coins. The Afghani initially contained 9 grams of silver.^[3]

Except during World War II Afghanistan's foreign exchange rate has been freely determined by market forces.^[4] However, for some periods, a dual exchange rate regime existed in Afghanistan: an official exchange rate which was fixed by the Afghan Central Bank, and a free market exchange rate which was determined by the supply and demand forces in Kabul's money bazaar called Saraye Shahzada.^[5] For example, in order to avoid the seasonal fluctuations in the exchange rate, a fixed exchange rate was adopted in 1935 by the Bank-e Milli, which was then responsible for the country's exchange rate system and official reserves.^[5] Bank-e Millie agreed to exchange the Afghanis at 4 Afs against 1 Indian Rupee in 1935. After the establishment of Da Afghanistan Bank as the Central Bank of Afghanistan, such a preferential official fixed exchange rate continued to be practiced. Although Da Afghanistan Bank tried to keep its official rate close to the Saraye Shahzada's exchange rate, the gap between the official and free-market exchange rates widened in the 1980s and during the civil war.

Since 2002, Da Afghanistan Bank has adopted a floating exchange rate regime and has let the exchange rate to be determined freely by market forces.

The Afghani exchange rate vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar since 1950 has been shown in the following table:

Prior to the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, warlords, political parties, foreign powers and forgers each made their own Afghani banknotes, with no regard to standardization or honouring serial numbers. In December 1996, shortly after the Taliban took control of Afghanistan's institutions, Ehsanullah Ehsan, the chairman of the Taliban's Central Bank, declared most Afghani notes in circulation to be worthless (approximately 100 trillion Afghani) and cancelled the contract with the Russian firm that had been printing the currency since 1992. Ehsan accused the firm of sending new shipments of Afghani notes to ousted president Burhanuddin Rabbani in northern Takhar province. The exchange rate at the time of Ehsan's announcement was 21,000 Afghani to the U.S. dollar The Northern Alliance then had banknotes produced in Russia which were sold on the markets of Kabul at half their value.^{[citation needed]}

In April, 2000, the Afghani traded at 6400 AFA per USD. By 2002, the Afghani was valued at 43,000 AFA per USD. By 2009, the Afghani was valued at 45 AFA per USD

Coins[link]

In 1925, bronze and brass 2, 5 and 10 pul, billon 20 pul, silver ½ and 1 Afghani, and gold ½ and 1 amani coins were introduced, followed by silver 2½ Afghani and gold 2½ amani in 1926. In 1930, bronze and brass 1 and 25 pul were added, along with bronze 3 pul and cupro-nickel 10 and 20 pul in 1937.

In 1952, aluminium 25 pul and nickel-clad-steel 50 pul were introduced, followed by aluminium 2 and 5 Afghani in 1958 and nickel-clad-steel 1, 2 and 5 Afghani in 1963. In 1973, the Republic of Afghanistan issued brass-clad-steel 25 pul, copper-clad-steel 50 pul and cupro-nickel-clad-steel 5 Afghani coins. These were followed, between 1978 and 1980, by issues of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan consisting of aluminium-bronze 25 and 50 pul and cupro-nickel 1, 2 and 5 Afghani.

Banknotes[link]

Between 1925 and 1928, Treasury notes were introduced in denominations of 5, 10 and 50 Afghani. In 1936, 2, 20 and 100 Afghani notes were added. The Bank of Afghanistan took over paper money production in 1939, issuing notes for 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 Afghani. The 2 and 5 Afghani notes were replaced by coins in 1958. In 1993, 5000 and 10,000 Afghani notes were introduced.

"A 'pothole cave' or 'mouth of a shaft' (or Pit cave) is said to be visible on the 10,000 Afghanis banknote as a limited dark area in the hillside above the ancient 'pol' or gateway at the ruins near Lashkar Gah. This is posibly the entrance to one of the man-made undergrounds at Qal'a-i-Bost."^[7]

New Afghani (2002-present)[link]

New Afghani notes, which were introduced in 2002

Between October 7, 2002, and January 2, 2003, a new Afghani was introduced with the ISO 4217 code AFN. No subdivisions have been issued. It replaced the previous Afghani at two distinct rates. Issues of the government of President Burhanuddin Rabbani were replaced at a rate of 1000 to the new Afghani, whilst the issues of Abdul Rashid Dostum (the Northern Alliance) were replaced at a rate of 2000 to the new Afghani, The new Afghani was valued at 43 Afghani to the U.S. dollar. Prior to the reissue, there were more than 15 trillion Afghani in circulation after unrestrained printing under Taliban rule and during wars and occupation.^{[citation needed]}

In October 2003, Afghan Central Bank governor Anwar Ul-Haq Ahadi announced that Afghans should use their own Afghani currency in daily transactions rather than United States dollars or Pakistani rupees.^{[citation needed]} This was in preparation for October 8 when all prices in the Afghan marketplace were to be specified in Afghani.

After depreciating during the last quarter of 2003/04, the Afghani has been appreciating steadily, gaining 8 percent against the U.S. dollar between end-March 2004 and end-July 2004. This appreciation, at a time of increasing inflation, appears to reflect a greater willingness by the population to use the Afghani as a medium of exchange and as a store of value. This trend appears to be attributable to the relative stability of the exchange rate since the introduction of the new currency, administrative measures aimed at promoting its use, such as the requirement that shopkeepers must price goods in Afghani. Donors are increasingly making payments in Afghani instead of U.S. dollars and this appears to be widely accepted.

Coins[link]

In 2005, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2 and 5 Afghani ^[8]

• Afghani Coins.JPG

  Afghani Coins

Banknotes[link]

On 7 October 2002, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 Afghani. The 1, 2 and 5 Afghani notes were replaced by coins in 2005. In 2004 and 2008, the security features on several denominations were improved.^[9]

2002 Series [1]
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	printing	issue
		1 Afghani	131 × 55 mm	Pink	Seal of Da Afghanistan Bank with Eucratides I-era coin.	Mosque in Mazari Sharif	2002 (AH 1381)	October 7, 2002
		2 Afghani		Blue		Paghman Gardens
		5 Afghani		Brown		Bala Hissar
		10 Afghani	136 × 56 mm	Yellow green	Ahmed Shah Durrasni mausoleum, Kandahar	Paghman Gardens
		20 Afghani	140 × 58 mm	Brown	Rowza Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni's Tomb	Arg King's Palace
	104px	50 Afghani	144 × 60 mm	Dark green	Shah Do Shamira Mosque	Salang Pass
		100 Afghani	148 × 62 mm	Violet	Pul e Khishti Mosque	Arch of Bost
		500 Afghani	152 × 64 mm	Blue	Khwaja Abdullah Ansari Mosque in Herat	Kandahar Airport tower
		1000 Afghani	156 × 66 mm	Orange	Mazar Sharif Shrine of Hazrat Ali	Tomb of Ahmad Shah Durrani Baba
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre.

See also[link]

• Economy of Afghanistan

References[link]

External links[link]

• Afghanistan's Paper Money
• Ancient banknotes of Afghanistan
• Ministry of Finance, Afghanistan
• Afghan Afghanistan Exchange Rates

Mr. DJ, born David Sheats, is a Grammy Award-winning American hip-hop record producer and DJ from Atlanta, Georgia.

Biography[link]

Raised on the southside of College Park, Georgia, Mr. DJ entered the music industry as a DJ for Atlanta-based hip-hop group OutKast. According to Sheats,

After touring with the group for a year, he began to focus more on production rather than deejaying. By sharpening his beat making skills, Mr. DJ got the opportunity to help produce OutKast's 1996 second album ATLiens.^[2] Following his work on OutKast's “Elevators (Me & You)” and several songs from their album Aquemini, Mr. DJ formed Earthtone III production group with Andre 3000 & Big Boi. Collectively, they produced roughly 80% of all the OutKast albums, from Stankonia on to their latest album, Idlewild.^[3] In addition, Mr. DJ continued to DJ on every OutKast album, except Speakerboxxx/The Love Below, which he mostly produced. To date, his most notable hits include "Da Art of Storytellin'," "B.O.B.," "Ms. Jackson," and "The Whole World." He is also a part of the Atlanta-based hip-hop/R&B/soul musical collective The Dungeon Family.

Mr. DJ has won two Grammy Awards, one in 2002 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for "Ms. Jackson," and another in 2004 for Rap Album of the Year for his work on OutKast's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below. In 2008, he started his own record label, Camp David Records, with several new artists including Jeff B., Chinkie Brown and Shawty Redd. Public Relations Associate Keith Kemp was quoted as saying:

Mr. DJ recently worked with Mos Def on his new album The Ecstatic, and produced four tracks on Common's 2008 album, Universal Mind Control.^[5] In addition to OutKast, Mr. DJ has worked with Lenny Kravitz, Bubba Sparxxx, Goodie Mob, Killer Mike, Field Mob, Rich Boy and 8Ball & MJG.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Mr. DJ on Myspace
• Dungeon Ratz Productions

This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please help by adding relevant internal links, or by improving the article's layout. (March 2012) Click [show] on right for more details. No reason has been cited for the Wikify tag on this article.You can insert a reason using the |reason= parameter, like this: {{Wikify|reason=Your reason here}} Please replace HTML markup with wiki markup where appropriate. Add wikilinks. Where appropriate, make links to other articles by putting "[[" and "]]" on either side of relevant words (see WP:LINK for more information) and check that your links work as expected. Please do not link terms that most readers are familiar with, such as common occupations, well-known geographical terms, and everyday items. Format the lead. Create or improve the lead paragraph. Arrange section headers as described at Wikipedia:Guide to layout. Add an infobox if it is appropriate for the article. Clean up / format the references and footnotes, using citation templates when appropriate. Remove this tag.

Latif Nangarhari (Pashto: لطیف ننګرهاری) is a well known Afghan singer.^[1] He sings in Afghan language (Pashto) and so far has released one album which is called ' Rasha Gule '. Latif soon will be soon releasing his new singles. His album ‘rasha gul-e’ consists of 10 songs and has been one of the best album ever in the history of Afghan music.

SaImajuo latifnangarhari 59957386

Latif was born on 21 July and is from Afghanistan. He hails from Jalalabad, the capital of Nangarhar province. Latif was working for the TFL, (Transport for London) as a bus driver on the Heathrow airport route, but passion for the language (Pashto) and great pastime (music) led him to quit his job and concentrate on his singing career. Latif has released his debut album which is called ' Rasha Gul-e ‘ . He also has got few singles so far and soon his fans will be hearing about his second album. Many people believe Latif is one of the best singer known in history of Afghan music. Latif has already performed in Australia, Europe, East Europe,Russia, Scandinavian countries and the Middle East and gained great popularity amongs Afghans and others. Latif is married and has five children. Latif soon will be singing in Dari which is another language in Afghanistan spoken by the Tajiks and Persians living in the west and northern areas of Afghanistan.Citation http://www.worldlatestnews.com/world-news/a-pashto-singers-story-from-taliban-clutches-to-london-freedom-63627

External links[link]

• Latif Nangarhari's Official Website at Facebook
• Latif Nangarhari Official Channel
• Latif Nangarhari New 2012 Official Song "MEENA" - Youtube on YouTube

Album & Songs[link]

Albums:Rasha Gul-jhokjlpk;le

1. 1.Rasha Gule Rasha
2. 2.Ta Che Bangro
3. 3.Sta Judai
4. 4.De London Musafer
5. 5.Kabul Jan
6. 6.Nana Warokai
7. 7.Afghanistan
8. 8.Wale Maien Shaway
9. 9.shar e faryad Dari song
10. 10. Da afghan bacho maktab
11. 11.Za afghan yem
12. 12. Da stergi de biya dasi laki dary
13. 13 Ta raghely pa zuani
14. 9.Yara Sta
15. 10.Rasha Gule Rasha II

Singles:

• Afghanistan De Wranawalo Nadai
• Chashman
• Bangrrewale
• Shirin Afghanistan
• Zolfi De Maran De
• Eshara
• Sta Stergo Deewana Kerem
• Meena (2012)
• Wade Kawo (Upcoming in 2012)

References[link]