tungsten ← rhenium → osmium Tc ↑ Re ↓ Bh 75Re Periodic table
Appearance
silvery-white
General properties
Name, symbol, number	rhenium, Re, 75
Pronunciation	/ˈriːniəm/ REE-nee-əm
Element category	transition metal
Group, period, block	7, 6, d
Standard atomic weight	186.207
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 (Image)
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	21.02 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	18.9 g·cm−3
Melting point	3459 K, 3186 °C, 5767 °F
Boiling point	5869 K, 5596 °C, 10105 °F
Heat of fusion	60.43 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	704 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	25.48 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 3303 3614 4009 4500 5127 5954
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1 (mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	1.9 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 760 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1260 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 2510 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	137 pm
Covalent radius	151±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic[1]
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) 193 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity	48.0 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	6.2 µm/(m·K)
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(20 °C) 4700 m·s−1
Young's modulus	463 GPa
Shear modulus	178 GPa
Bulk modulus	370 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	7.0
Vickers hardness	2450 MPa
Brinell hardness	1320 MPa
CAS registry number	7440-15-5
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of rhenium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 185Re 37.4% 185Re is stable with 110 neutrons 187Re 62.6% 4.12×1010 y α (not observed) 1.653 183Ta β- 0.0026 187Os
v t e · r

Rhenium (pronunciation: /ˈriːniəm/ REE-nee-əm) is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The free element has the third-highest melting point and highest boiling point of any element. Rhenium resembles manganese chemically and is obtained as a by-product of molybdenum and copper ore's extraction and refinement. Rhenium shows in its compounds a wide variety of oxidation states ranging from −1 to +7.

Discovered in 1925, rhenium was the last stable element to be discovered. It was named after the river Rhine in Europe.

Nickel-based superalloys of rhenium are used in the combustion chambers, turbine blades, and exhaust nozzles of jet engines, these alloys contain up to 6% rhenium, making jet engine construction the largest single use for the element, with the chemical industry's catalytic uses being next-most important. Because of the low availability relative to demand, rhenium is among the most expensive of metals, with an average price of approximately US$4,575 per kilogram (US$142.30 per troy ounce) as of August 2011; it is also of critical strategic military importance, for its use in high performance military jet and rocket engines.^[2]

History[link]

Rhenium (Latin: Rhenus meaning: "Rhine")^[3] was the last element to be discovered having a stable isotope (other new radioactive elements have been discovered in nature since then, such as neptunium and plutonium).^[4] The existence of a yet undiscovered element at this position in the periodic table had been first predicted by Dmitry Mendeleev. Other calculated information was obtained by Henry Moseley in 1914.^[5] It is generally considered to have been discovered by Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke, and Otto Berg in Germany. In 1925 they reported that they detected the element in platinum ore and in the mineral columbite. They also found rhenium in gadolinite and molybdenite.^[6] In 1928 they were able to extract 1 g of the element by processing 660 kg of molybdenite.^[7]It was estimated in 1968 that 75% of the rhenium metal in the United States was used for research and the development of refractory metal alloys. It took several years from that point on before the super alloys became widely used.^[8][9]

In 1908, Japanese chemist Masataka Ogawa announced that he discovered the 43rd element and named it nipponium (Np) after Japan (Nippon in Japanese). However, later analysis indicated the presence of rhenium (element 75), not element 43.^[10] The symbol Np was later used for the element neptunium.

Characteristics[link]

Rhenium is a silvery-white metal with one of the highest melting points of all elements, exceeded by only tungsten and carbon. It is also one of the densest, exceeded only by platinum, iridium and osmium. Rhenium has a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure, with lattice parameters a = 276.1 pm and c = 445.6 pm.^[11]

Its usual commercial form is a powder, but this element can be consolidated by pressing and sintering in a vacuum or hydrogen atmosphere. This procedure yields a compact solid having a density above 90% of the density of the metal. When annealed this metal is very ductile and can be bent, coiled, or rolled.^[12] Rhenium-molybdenum alloys are superconductive at 10 K; tungsten-rhenium alloys are also superconductive^[13] around 4-8 K, depending on the alloy. Rhenium metal superconducts at 2.4 K.^[14][15]

Isotopes[link]

Rhenium has a stable isotope, rhenium-185, which nevertheless occurs in minority abundance, a situation found only in one other element (indium). Naturally occurring rhenium is 37.4% ¹⁸⁵Re, which is stable, and 62.6% ¹⁸⁷Re, which is unstable but has a very long half-life (~10¹⁰ years). This lifetime is affected by the charge state of rhenium atom.^[16][17] The beta decay of ¹⁸⁷Re is used for rhenium-osmium dating of ores. The available energy for this beta decay (2.6 keV) is one of the lowest known among all radionuclides. There are twenty-six other recognized radioactive isotopes of rhenium.^[18]

Compounds[link]

Rhenium compounds are known for all nine oxidation states between −1 and +7. The oxidation states +7, +6, +4, and +2 are the most common.^[19] Rhenium is most available commercially as salts of perrhenate, including sodium and ammonium perrhenates. These are white, water-soluble compounds.^[20]

Halides and oxyhalides[link]

The most common rhenium chlorides are ReCl₆, ReCl₅, ReCl₄, and ReCl₃.^[21] The structures of these compounds often feature extensive Re-Re bonding, which is characteristic of this metal in oxidation states lower than VII. Salts of [Re₂Cl₈]^2- feature a quadruple metal-metal bond. Although the highest rhenium chloride features Re(VI), fluorine gives the d⁰ Re(VII) derivative rhenium heptafluoride. Bromides and iodides of rhenium are also well known.

Like tungsten and molybdenum, with which it shares chemical similarities, rhenium forms a variety of oxyhalides. The oxychlorides are most common, and include ReOCl₄, ReO₃Cl.

Oxides and sulfides[link]

Perrhenic acid adopts an unconventional structure.

The most common oxide is the volatile colourless Re₂O₇, which adopts a molecular structure, unlike most metal oxides. The d1 species ReO₃ adopts a defect perovskite structure. Other oxides include Re₂O₅, ReO₂, and Re₂O₃.^[21] The sulfides are ReS₂ and Re₂S₇. Perrhenate salts can be converted to tetrathioperrhenate by the action of ammonium hydrosulfide.^[22]

Other compounds[link]

Rhenium diboride (ReB₂) is a hard compound having the hardness similar to that of tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, titanium diboride or zirconium diboride.^[23]

Organorhenium compounds[link]

Dirhenium decacarbonyl is the most common entry to organorhenium chemistry. Its reduction with sodium amalgam gives Na[Re(CO)₅] with rhenium in the formal oxidation state −1.^[24] Dirhenium decacarbonyl can be oxidised with bromine to bromopentacarbonylrhenium(I):^[25]

Re₂(CO)₁₀ + Br₂ → 2 Re(CO)₅Br

Reduction of this pentacarbonyl with zinc and acetic acid gives pentacarbonylhydridorhenium:^[26]

Re(CO)₅Br + Zn + HOAc → Re(CO)₅H + ZnBr(OAc)

Methylrhenium trioxide ("MTO"), CH₃ReO₃ is a volatile, colourless solid has been used as a catalyst in some laboratory experiments. It can be prepared by many routes, a typical method is the reaction of Re₂O₇ and tetramethyltin:

Re₂O₇ + (CH₃)₄Sn → CH₃ReO₃ + (CH₃)₃SnOReO₃

Analogous alkyl and aryl derivatives are known. MTO catalyses for the oxidations with hydrogen peroxide. Terminal alkynes yield the corresponding acid or ester, internal alkynes yield diketones, and alkenes give epoxides. MTO also catalyses the conversion of aldehydes and diazoalkanes into an alkene.^[27]

Nonahydridorhenate[link]

Structure of ReH₉^2-.

A distinctive derivative of rhenium is nonahydridorhenate, originally thought to be the rhenide anion, Re−
, but actually containing the ReH₉²⁻ anion in which the oxidation state of rhenium is +7.

Occurrence[link]

Molybdenite

Rhenium is one of the rarest elements in Earth's crust with an average concentration of 1 ppb;^[21] other sources quote the number of 0.5 ppb making it the 77th most abundant element in Earth's crust.^[28] Rhenium is probably not found free in nature (its possible natural occurrence is uncertain), but occurs in amounts up to 0.2%^[21] in the mineral molybdenite (which is primarily molybdenum disulfide), the major commercial source, although single molybdenite samples with up to 1.88% have been found.^[29] Chile has the world's largest rhenium reserves, part of the copper ore deposits, and was the leading producer as of 2005.^[30] It was only recently that the first rhenium mineral was found and described (in 1994), a rhenium sulfide mineral (ReS₂) condensing from a fumarole on Russia's Kudriavy volcano, Iturup island, in the Kurile Islands.^[31] Kudryavy discharges up to 20–60 kg rhenium per year mostly in the form of rhenium disulfide.^[32][33] Named rheniite, this rare mineral commands high prices among collectors.^[34]

Production[link]

Ammonium perrhenate

Commercial rhenium is extracted from molybdenum roaster-flue gas obtained from copper-sulfide ores. Some molybdenum ores contain 0.001% to 0.2% rhenium.^[21][29] Rhenium(VII) oxide and perrhenic acid readily dissolve in water; they are leached from flue dusts and gasses and extracted by precipitating with potassium or ammonium chloride as the perrhenate salts, and purified by recrystallization.^[21] Total world production is between 40 and 50 tons/year; the main producers are in Chile, the United States, Peru, and Kazakhstan.^[35] Recycling of used Pt-Re catalyst and special alloys allow the recovery of another 10 tons per year. Prices for the metal rose rapidly in early 2008, from $1000–$2000 per kg in 2003-2006 to over $10,000 in February 2008.^[36][37] The metal form is prepared by reducing ammonium perrhenate with hydrogen at high temperatures:^[20]

2 NH₄ReO₄ + 7 H₂ → 2 Re + 8 H₂O + 2 NH₃

Applications[link]

The Pratt & Whitney F-100 engine uses rhenium-containing second-generation superalloys

Rhenium is added to high-temperature superalloys that are used to make jet engine parts, using 70% of the worldwide rhenium production.^[38] Another major application is in platinum-rhenium catalysts, which are primarily used in making lead-free, high-octane gasoline.^[39]

Alloys[link]

The nickel-based superalloys have improved creep strength with the addition of rhenium. The alloys normally contain 3% or 6% of rhenium.^[40] Second generation alloys contain 3%; these alloys were used in the engines of the F-16 and F-15, while the newer single-crystal third generation alloys contain 6% of rhenium; they are used in the F-22 and F-35 engines.^[39][41] Rhenium is also used in the superalloys, such as CMSX-4 (2nd gen) and CMSX-10 (3rd gen) that are used in industrial gas turbine engines like the GE 7FA. Rhenium can cause superalloys to become microstructurally unstable, forming undesirable TCP (topologically close packed) phases. In 4th and 5th generation superalloys, ruthenium is used to avoid this effect. Among others the new superalloys are EPM-102 (with 3 % Ru) and TMS-162 (with 6 % Ru), both containing 6 % rhenium,^[42] as well as TMS-138^[43] and TMS-174.^[44][45]

CFM International CFM56 jet engine still with blades made with 3% rhenium

For 2006, the consumption is given as 28% for General Electric, 28% Rolls-Royce plc and 12% Pratt & Whitney, all for superalloys, while the use for catalysts only accounts for 14% and the remaining applications use 18%.^[38] In 2006, 77% of the rhenium consumption in the United States was in alloys.^[39] The rising demand for military jet engines and the constant supply made it necessary to develop superalloys with a lower rhenium content. For example the newer CFM International CFM56 high-pressure turbine (HPT) blades will use Rene N515 with a rhenium content of 1.5 % instead of Rene N5 with 3 %.^[46][47]

Rhenium improves the properties of tungsten. Tungsten-rhenium alloys are more ductile at low temperature, allowing them to be more easily machined. The high-temperature stability is also improved. The effect increases with the rhenium concentration, and therefore tungsten alloys are produced with up to 27% of Re, which is the solubility limit.^[48] One application for the tungsten-rhenium alloys is X-ray sources. The high melting point of both compounds, together with the high atomic mass, makes them stable against the prolonged electron impact.^[49] Rhenium tungsten alloys are also applied as thermocouples to measure temperatures up to 2200 °C.^[50]

The high temperature stability, low vapor pressure, good wear resistance and ability to withstand arc corrosion of rhenium are useful in self-cleaning electrical contacts. In particular, the discharge occurring during the switching oxidizes the contacts. However, rhenium oxide Re₂O₇ has poor stability (sublimes at ~360 °C) and therefore is removed during the discharge.^[38]

Rhenium has a high melting point and a low vapor pressure similar to tantalum and tungsten, however, rhenium forms no volatile oxides. Therefore, rhenium filaments exhibit a higher stability if the filament is operated not in vacuum, but in oxygen-containing atmosphere.^[51] Those filaments are widely used in mass spectrometers, in ion gauges^[52] and in photoflash lamps in photography.^[53]

Catalysts[link]

Rhenium in the form of rhenium-platinum alloy is used as catalyst for catalytic reforming, which is a chemical process to convert petroleum refinery naphthas with low octane ratings into high-octane liquid products. Worldwide, 30% of catalysts used for this process contain rhenium.^[54] The olefin metathesis is the other reaction for which rhenium is used as catalyst. Normally Re₂O₇ on alumina is used for this process.^[55] Rhenium catalysts are very resistant to chemical poisoning from nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus, and so are used in certain kinds of hydrogenation reactions.^[12][56][57]

Other uses[link]

¹⁸⁸Re and ¹⁸⁶Re isotopes are radioactive and are used for treatment of liver cancer. They both have similar penetration depth in tissue (5 mm for ¹⁸⁶Re and 11 mm for ¹⁸⁸Re), but ¹⁸⁶Re has advantage of longer lifetime (90 hours vs. 17 hours).^[58][59]

Related by periodic trends, rhenium has a similar chemistry with technetium; work done to label rhenium onto target compounds can often be translated to technetium. This is useful for radiopharmacy, where it is difficult to work with technetium – especially the 99m isotope used in medicine – due to its expense and short half-life.^[58][60]

Precaution[link]

Very little is known about the toxicity of rhenium and its compounds because they are used in very small amounts. Soluble salts, such as the rhenium halides or perrhenates, could be hazardous due to elements other than rhenium or due to rhenium itself.^[61] Only a few compounds of rhenium have been tested for their acute toxicity; two examples are potassium perrhenate and rhenium trichloride, which were injected as a solution into rats. The perrhenate had an LD₅₀ value of 2800 mg/kg after seven days (this is very low toxicity, similar to that of table salt) and the rhenium trichloride showed LD₅₀ of 280 mg/kg.^[62]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rhenium

Look up rhenium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• WebElements.com - Rhenium
• Tc and Re symposiums in 2011-2014: [1]

vep:Renii

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Judge Jules
Judge Jules at Pulse FM, 12 December 2003
Background information
Birth name	Julius O'Riordan
Born	(1966-10-26) 26 October 1966 (age 45)
Origin	London, United Kingdom
Genres	Trance
Occupations	Club DJ, radio DJ
Instruments	DJ
Associated acts	Hi-Gate, Angelic, VPL and several other (see below)
Website	judgejules.net

Judge Jules (born Julius O'Riordan, 26 October 1966, London) is a British dance music DJ and producer, known for his DJ activities and popular radio show which achieved global success.

Education[link]

Jules was educated at Highgate Wood Secondary School, a state school in Highgate Wood in North London and University College School, an independent school for boys in Hampstead (also in North London), followed by the London School of Economics (LSE), where he studied law. During his time at university, Jules started hosting small parties where he was the DJ. Due to his field of study, the stage name of "Judge Jules" was born. He graduated from the LSE with Lower Second Class Honours. He speaks near fluent Spanish.^{[citation needed]}.

DJ career and radio shows[link]

Judge Jules began DJing professionally back in 1987. He was quickly hired by the then-pirate radio station Kiss FM. He has been on Radio 1 since October 1997. When he first arrived, his show went out between 17:00 and 19:00 on Saturday evenings, ahead of Danny Rampling's show. From 31 July 2004, after the departure of Seb Fontaine from the station, his show was moved to between 19:00 and 21:00 on Saturday nights, ahead of Tim Westwood. The show was widely advertised as, "The UK's Saturday Warmup", or "The Weekend Warm-Up". One of the most infamous jingles used on the show during this time described it as, "The Sound Of Saturday Night". The show kept this slot until September 2007.

During those years, his music policy ranged from playing commercial to underground tracks, and much in between. The first segment of the show were taken by the Cut-Up Boys, who did a ten-minute mix featuring several dance tracks and acappellas playing simultaneously. The rest of the first hour was generally taken up by house music and the second hour featured trance music, although if they were broadcasting the show outside the studio, the music might vary.

In September 2007, the show was moved to 01:00 to 03:00 every Saturday morning. Because of Jules' DJ commitments on Friday evenings, his show was now pre-recorded instead of being broadcast live. From September 2008, the show was moved forward by 2 hours to 23:00 to 01:00 every Friday evening. The reason for the move was the departure of Dave Pearce, whose Dance Anthems show was moved to BBC 6 Music. His show attracts a wide audience from around the world due to Radio 1's online internet connections and the Sirius Satellite Radio network out in the US and Canada. Through the radio show, he is responsible for launching many popular trance tunes and acts in the UK, and is a pioneer for commercial contemporary dance music. Many people send their unreleased tracks to him. According to his own website, he receives between 250-300 promos per week.^[1] His Radio 1 show is produced by independent production company Somethin' Else.

Judge Jules presented his last show on Radio 1 on 30 March 2012.

He also has an internationally-syndicated radio show called "The Global Warm Up" (also produced by Somethin' Else)^[2] which can be heard across the US, Russia, Europe and the Middle East.

Jules produces his own music - his wife has appeared on a few of these. She provided vocals for the group Angelic, which was a grouping between Judge Jules and Darren Tate. They had two hits, "It's My Turn" in 2000 and "Can't Keep Me Silent" in 2001. In 2005, she appeared once more on the track "Without Love", which was by Judge Jules himself. This track was eventually released, with remixes, on the Maelstrom Records label in 2007. Jules has also released two albums via this label, "Proven Worldwide" in 2006 and "Bring The Noise" in 2009. Elsewhere, he has collaborated several times with Paul Masterson under the Hi-Gate name.

Jules is a lifelong and passionate follower of football. He supports Arsenal FC and was asked to remix the Premier League's official anthem in 2005.

In January 2010 Jules played a Royal National Institute for the Deaf promotional event for M&C Saatchi. He is set to play the South West Four Weekender on 28 August 2010 on Clapham Common, London.

Work as a journalist[link]

Jules was a contributor to the UK-based black music magazine Soul Underground between 1988-1990. He contributed both as 'Judge Jules' and as 'The Dark Knight', using the anonymity of this identity to provide 'inside information' on the music scene.

Judgement Sundays[link]

Judge Jules has a regular club night in Ibiza at the club Eden called Judgement Sundays, advertised as "San Antonio's busiest night". The night runs for the entire summer season, starting in June and running through mid September, and as well as DJing at this night he also promotes it. Jules has a second home in Ibiza; he used to own a share in the restaurant Kazbah on the island but has since sold his interest in this.

TV appearances[link]

Judge Jules at 'The Gallery'. Turnmills - Friday 22 September 2006

Judge Jules has also made a couple of TV appearances. Firstly the BBC's Top Gear show, in the 1990s, road testing In-Car Entertainment (ICE) systems. He gave a short interview on Channel 4's The 11 O'Clock Show (11 April 2000)^[3] and featured on the Richard and Judy Show in 2003 with his counterpart Paul Masterson and singer/DJ Boy George promoting their Hi-Gate album, on which Boy George made a cameo singing contribution.

Judge Jules also appeared on the BBC's Top of the Pops show (2000) with Paul Masterson, to perform the single "Pitchin'", off their album Hi-Gate. Judge Jules also appeared in a UK series called Superstar DJs,^[4] and a series called Ibiza Uncovered.^[5] He had his own short series Spin Cities on Play UK. In addition to this, Judge Jules has appeared twice on UK Channel Five's 5th Gear in 2005 and 2009. In 2005 he was filmed while at the Global Gathering dance music festival where he was interviewed in a Bentley, and again by the same presenter in 2009 whilst being chauffered in an Aston Marton to a gig in Bournemouth. He also appeared on Channel Five's "The Gadget Show" reviewing various DJ equipment including a remote hand held Dj-ing device known as a "pacemaker".

Charity work[link]

In 2009 Judge Jules started supporting the UK charity Breakthrough Breast Cancer joining the Breakthrough Running Club as the club DJ.^[6]

Clothing range[link]

In 2008 Jules has worked with designers to produce his own clothing range 'Heroes and Villains'.^[7]

Production aliases[link]

• 290 North
• Angelic
• Celine Diablo
• The Clergy
• Dattman
• Hi-Gate
• J&T Project ^[8]
• Precocious Brats
• Restless Rockers
• Stix 'N' Stoned
• VPL
• Working Class Hero
• JJ

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• 2006 Proven Worldwide
• 2009 Bring The Noise

DJ compilations (DJ mixes of Judge Jules)[link]

• 1990 The 1990 MixMag /Kiss FM Mastermixes Track 1
• 1993 Journeys By DJ Volume 2: In The Mix With Judge Jules
• 1995 Essential Mix 3 Disc 2
• 1995 A Retrospective Of House 91'-95' Volume 1 Disc 2
• 1995 A Retrospective Of House 91'-95' Volume 2 Disc 1
• 1995 Havin' It Dancefloor Classics Volume One
• 1995 The Sperm Bank
• 1995 Journeys By DJ Dance Wars Disc 1
• 1996 Manifesto Records Monster Mix (With Luke Neville)
• 1997 Ministry Of Sound Classics
• 1997 Ministry Of Sound Dance Nation 3 Disc 2
• 1997 Ministry Magazine Presents Hooj Choons
• 1998 Ministry Of Sound Clubbers Guide To. .. Ibiza Disc 2
• 1998 Ministry Of Sound The Ibiza Annual Disc 1
• 1998 Ministry Magazine Presents The Annual IV - Six Track Sampler
• 1998 Ministry Of Sound The Annual IV Disc 1
• 1999 Ministry Of Sound Clubber's Guide To. .. Ninety Nine
• 1999 Ministry Of Sound Clubber's Guide To. .. Ibiza - Summer Ninety Nine
• 1999 Ministry Of Sound The Ibiza Annual - Summer Ninety Nine Disc 1
• 1999 Ministry Of Sound The Annual - Millennium Edition Disc 1
• 2000 Ministry Of Sound Clubber's Guide To. .. 2000
• 2000 Ministry Of Sound The Annual 2000 Disc 1
• 2000 Ministry Of Sound Clubber's Guide To. .. Ibiza - Summer 2000
• 2000 Ministry Magazine Presents Superstar DJs Judge Jules
• 2000 Ministry Of Sound The Ibiza Annual - Summer 2000 Disc 1
• 2001 Clubbed
• 2002 Clubbed 2002
• 2002 Judge Jules Presents Tried & Tested
• 2003 Judgement Sundays - Ibiza 2003
• 2003 Ministry Of Sound Trance Nation Anthems
• 2003 Ministry Of Sound Trance Nation Harder
• 2004 Judgement Sundays 2004
• 2004 Ministry Of Sound Trance Nation Electric
• 2004 The Very Best Of Tried & Tested Euphoria
• 2005 Judgement Euphoria
• 2006 The Global Warm Up Mix CD
• 2006 Ministry Of Sound Judgement Sundays - The True Sound Of Ibiza
• 2007 Ministry Of Sound Judgement Sundays 2007
• 2007 Gatecrasher Immortal
• 2007 Pacha Sharm, Ministry Of Sound featuring Mohamed Ali Hussein aka DJ Moeali
• 2008 Ministry Of Sound Judgement Sundays - The Mix 2008
• 2009 Gatecrasher's Trance Anthems 1993-2009
• 2010 Judgement Sundays Presents Ibiza 2000-2010

Accolades[link]

This section of a biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (August 2007)

1998[link]

• Voted number three in the "Top 150 DJs in the World" by DJ Magazine.

1999[link]

• Voted "Best DJ" at the Muzik Awards.
• Voted number one in the "Mixmag Readers' Poll".
• Won "Best DJ" and "Best Radio DJ" at the Ministry Awards.
• Won "Best International DJ" the "Smirnoff Dance Awards" in Ireland.

2000[link]

• Voted number six in the "Top 100 DJs in the World" by DJ Magazine.
• Won "Best Radio DJ" at the Smirnoff Dance Star Awards.
• Won "Best International DJ" at the BBM Awards.

2001[link]

• For the second year running, won "Best Radio DJ" at the Smirnoff Dance Star Awards.
• For the second year running, won "Best International DJ" at the BBM Awards.
• Won "Best Trance DJ" at the Ibiza Pacha Awards.

2006[link]

• Winner of 'Best Ibiza Trance DJ' Award at the M8 Ibiza Dance Awards on 2 September 2006 in Eden (nightclub), Ibiza

Personal life[link]

He has lived in North London for the majority of his life, now settled in the Highgate area with his wife Amanda, their son Jake and daughter Phoebe. Jules has a villa in Ibiza and during the summer months he and his family split their time between there and North London. He met Amanda around 1992 and they married in March 1998 in Camden with much of it covered in the British press. Their son Jake was born in June 1999 and daughter Phoebe was born in September 2004.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Judge Jules discography at Discogs
• JudgeJulesArchive.co.uk - The complete Judge Jules tracklistings archive