The Fourth Network: How Fox Broke the Rules and Reinvented Television (ISBN 1-566-63572-1) is a non-fiction book about the history of the Fox television network. It was written by Daniel M. Kimmel and published in 2004. The Fourth Network details the history of Fox (up until the 1999-2000 broadcast season, with events happening afterward included in an epilogue).

Many times throughout the book Kimmel makes a point of how Fox, during its first 20 years of existence, radically changed the standards by which network television stations in America operate, such as putting an emphasis on looking at demographics in show ratings as opposed to overall viewership, and working with cable television suppliers in order to attain a broader audience.

While much of the book, which is laden with interviews of former network executives, deals with the network's prime time programming, some material is left to the network's other endeavors, both successful and unsuccessful, such as Fox's stunning acquisition of the rights to NFL games, the start-up of the Fox Kids Saturday morning cartoon block, as well Fox's failed attempts at a morning show and late-night talk shows.

Reception[link]

In 2005, the book won the Goddard Book Award from the Cable Center for best book of 2004.^[1] Publishers Weekly called the book "a solid but rather dry account of the birth of a network and its impact on TV".^[2]

See also[link]

Fourth television network

References[link]

In American television terminology, a fourth network is a reference to a fourth broadcast (over-the-air) television network, as opposed to the Big Three television networks that dominated US TV from the 1950s to the 1990s: ABC, CBS, and NBC.

When the US television industry was in its infancy in the 1940s, there were four major full-time TV networks that operated across the country: ABC, CBS. NBC, and the DuMont Television Network. Never able to find solid financial ground, DuMont ceased broadcasting in 1956. Later, many companies operated TV networks which aspired to compete against the Big Three. However, between the 1950s and the 1980s, none of these start-ups endured. After decades of these failed "fourth networks", many TV industry insiders believed a viable fourth network was impossible. TV critics grew jaded. "Industry talk about a possible full-time, full-service, commercial network structured like the existing big three, ABC, CBS and NBC, pops up much more often than the fictitious town of Brigadoon," one critic wrote.^[1]

The 1986 launch of the Fox Broadcasting Company was met with ridicule. Despite the industry skepticism and initial network instability, the Fox network eventually proved profitable by the early '90s, becoming the first successful fourth network and eventually surpassing the Big Three networks in ratings.

Background[link]

In the 1940s, four television networks began operations by linking local TV stations together via AT&T's coaxial cable telephone network. The linking allowed stations to share television programs across great distances, and allowed advertisers to air television commercials nationally. Local stations became affiliates of one or more of the four networks. These four networks — the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and the DuMont Television Network — would be the only full-time TV networks during the 1940s and 1950s, for in 1948, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) suspended approvals for new station construction permits. Although other companies — including Paramount and Mutual — announced network plans or began limited network operations, these companies withdrew from TV after the first few years.^[2][3][4]

The FCC's "freeze", as it was called, was supposed to last for six months. When it was lifted in 1952, there were only four full-time television networks. The FCC would only license three local VHF stations in each TV market in the US. A fourth station, the FCC ruled, would have to broadcast on the UHF band. Hundreds of new UHF stations began operations, but these stations quickly folded because TV set manufacturers weren't required to include a UHF tuner until 1964. Most viewers couldn't receive UHF stations, and advertisers wouldn't advertise on stations which no one could view. Without advertising revenue, UHF station owners either returned their station licenses to the FCC, or cut operating costs in attempts to stay in business.

Since there were four networks but only three VHF stations in most major US cities, one network would be forced to broadcast on an unwatched UHF outlet. NBC and CBS had been the largest, most successful broadcasters in radio. As they began bringing their popular radio programs and stars into the TV medium, they sought—and attracted—the most profitable VHF television stations. In many areas, ABC and DuMont were left with undesirable UHF stations, or were forced to affiliate with NBC or CBS stations on a part-time basis. ABC was near bankruptcy in 1952; DuMont's network was unprofitable after 1953.

On August 6, 1956, DuMont ceased regular network operations; the end of DuMont allowed ABC to experience a profit increase of 40% that year, although ABC would not reach parity with NBC and CBS until the 1970s. The end of the DuMont Network left many UHF stations without a reliable source of programming. Several new television companies were formed through the years in failed attempts to band these stations together in a new fourth network.

Rationale[link]

Some within the industry felt there was a need for a fourth network; that complaints about diversity in programming could be addressed by adding another network. "We need a fourth, a fifth, and a sixth network," one broadcaster stated.^[1] While critics rejected "the nightly tripe being offered the public on the three major networks," they were skeptical that a fourth network would offer better material: "[O]ne wonders if a new network lacking the big money already being spread three ways will be able to come up with tripe that is equal. Certainly a new network is not going to stress quality programming when the ratings indicate that the American public prefer hillbillies, cowboys and spies. A new network will have to deliver an audience if it is to attract the big spenders from the ranks of sponsors."^[5]

Advertisers, too, called for the creation of a fourth network. Representatives from Procter and Gamble and General Foods, two of the largest advertisers in the US, hoped the competition from a fourth network would lower advertising rates on the Big Three.^[6] Independent TV producers, too, called for a fourth network after battles with the Big Three.^[7]

Failed attempts[link]

1950s[link]

George Fox Organization network[link]

George Fox, the president of the George Fox Organization, announced tentative plans for a television film network in May 1956. The plan was to sign 45-50 affiliate stations; each of these stations would have a voice in deciding what programs the network would air. Four initial programs, Jack for Jill, I'm the Champ, Answer Me This, and It's a Living, were slated to be aired; the programs would be filmed in Hollywood. However, only 17 stations had agreed to affiliate in May.^[8] The film network never made it off the ground, and none of the planned programs aired.

Sports Network/Hughes Network[link]

Also in 1956, Dick Bailey founded the Sports Network, a specialty TV network which aired only sports television programs. Millionaire Howard Hughes purchased the television network in 1968, changing the name to the Hughes Television Network. Speculation abounded that Hughes would add non-sports programs to the line-up, launching a fourth network. One television critic speculated "If Hughes does have the exciting sports programs they can change viewer's dialing habits. If dialing habits are changed might he extend his network facilities to include nonsport programming? It would be one way, less costly and with far less of a risk, to start the illusionary fourth network."^[9]

Despite the speculation, the Hughes Network never offered non-sports programs and never developed into a fourth major TV network.

NTA Film Network[link]

On October 15, 1956, National Telefilm Associates launched the NTA Film Network, a syndication service which distributed both films and television programs to independent television stations and stations affiliated with NBC, CBS, or ABC; the network had signed agreements with over 100 affiliate stations.^[10] The ad-hoc network's flagship station was WNTA-TV, channel 13 in New York.^[11] The NTA Network was launched as a "fourth TV network", and trade papers of the time referred to it as a new TV network.^[12]

The NTA Film Network offered dozens of programs to its affiliates, among them sitcom How to Marry a Millionaire (1957–1959),^[13] Western Man Without a Gun (1957–1959),^[13] sitcom This is Alice (1958–1959), Peabody Award winner Play of the Week (1959–1961),^[14] sports show The Bill Corum Sports Show (circa 1957), religious program Man's Heritage (circa 1957), The Passerby (circa 1957),^[15] courtroom drama Divorce Court (1957–1969),^[16] mystery Official Detective (1957–1958), talk show Open End (1958–1961), swashbuckler William Tell (1958–1959), adventure series Assignment: Underwater (1959–1960), cartoon Q. T. Hush (1960–1961), drama Sheriff of Cochise (later retitled U.S. Marshall, 1956–1958),^[17] Alex in Wonderland (1959),^[18] news program Newsbeat (1959–1961)^[19] and musical program Mantovani (1959).

Among its 1956–1957 offerings were 52 Twentieth Century-Fox films.^[11] Premiere Performance, a prime time block of Twentieth Century-Fox films, aired from 1957–1959. Other film blocks included TV Hour of Stars^[20] and The Big Night (both 1958–1959).^[21] The film network also announced provisional plans to telecast live sporting and special events (using network relays) by the 1959–1960 television season.^[22]

Despite this major fourth network effort, by 1961 WNTA-TV was losing money, and the network's flagship station was sold to the Educational Broadcasting Corporation that November. WNTA-TV became WNDT (later WNET), flagship station of the National Educational Television network, a forerunner of PBS.^[23] NTA network operations did not continue without a flagship station, although parent company National Telefilm Associates continued syndication services. Divorce Court was seen as late as 1969.

1960s[link]

Pat Weaver's network[link]

Pat Weaver, a former president of NBC, twice attempted to launch his own television network.^[24] According to one source, the network would have been called the Pat Weaver Prime Time Network. Although the new network was announced, no programs were ever produced.^[1]

Unisphere/Mizlou[link]

In mid-1965, radio businessman Vincent C. Piano proposed the Unisphere Broadcasting System. The service would have operated 2.5 hours each night. However, Piano had difficulty signing affiliates; a year later, no launch date had been set, and the network still lacked a "respectable number of affiliates in major markets."^[25]

The network finally launched under the name Mizlou Television Network in 1968, but the concept had changed. Like the Hughes Network, Mizlou only carried occasional sporting and special events. Despite developing a sophisticated microwave and land line broadcasting system, the company never developed into a major television network.

National Educational Television[link]

Educational television (ETV) had existed since 1952, but was poorly funded. Only a few educational television stations existed during the 1950s. By 1962, 62 educational stations were operating, most of which had affiliated with the non-commercial educational, National Educational Television (NET). That year, the US Congress approved $32 million in funding for educational television, giving a boost to the non-commercial television network. Although at the 1962 revamp of the organization, NET was branded a "fourth network",^[26] later historians have disagreed. McNeil (1996) stated, "in a sense, NET was less a true network than a distributor of programs to educational stations throughout the country; it was not until late 1966 that simultaneous broadcasting began on educational outlets."^[27]

Overmyer/United Network[link]

Millionaire Daniel Overmyer built a chain of five UHF stations during the mid-1960s. In late 1966, Overmyer announced plans for a new fourth network, named the Overmyer Network. The name was later changed to the United Network, but the network itself broadcast only for a single month, and aired only one program, The Las Vegas Show. The lack of reliable VHF stations helped kill the new, unprofitable network. Shortly after the network ceased operations, one critic called the network a fiasco, and likened the failure to the earlier DuMont, NTA Film Network, and Weaver network failures.^[1]

Westinghouse or Metromedia[link]

By the late 1960s, several fourth networks had vanished. TV set manufacturers were required to include a UHF tuner after 1964, and it was thought this would help UHF stations and any company hoping to band (mostly) UHF stations together in a fourth network. Two companies, Westinghouse and Metromedia, were floated in 1969 as possible fourth network entries.^[1] Westinghouse was the owner of several VHF stations and produced several series which aired on its stations and others. However, Donald McGannon, president of Westinghouse, estimated it would take $200 million each year to operate a full-time television network and a modest news department. McGannon denied his company had full network aspirations.^[1]

Metromedia, the successor company to the defunct DuMont Network, was a healthy chain of independent television stations. Although Metromedia "dabbled at creating a fourth network", the company was content with offering series to independent stations on a part-time basis, "nowhere near the conventional definition of a network".^[28]

Kaiser Broadcasting[link]

In September 1967, the Kaiser Broadcasting Company announced plans for live network operations by 1970.^[25] Kaiser owned eight UHF TV stations, most of them in large cities, including Los Angeles, Chicago, Cleveland, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Boston, and Detroit. The planned network never gained traction, and Kaiser sold the stations in 1977.

1970s[link]

In the 1970s, the "occasional" TV networks started to appear with greater frequency with Norman Lear, Mobil Showcase Network, Capital Cities Communications, Operation Prime Time, all entering the fray along with Metromedia.^[29] In 1978, SFM Media Service, who assisted with the Mobil Showcase Network, launched its own occasional network, SFM Holiday Network.^[30]

MetroNet[link]

In 1976, Metromedia teamed up with Ogilvy and Mather for a proposed linking of independent TV stations called MetroNet. The proposed programming would consist of several Sunday night family dramas, on weeknights a half-hour serial and a gothic series similar to Dark Shadows, and on Saturdays a variety program hosted by Charo. The plans for MetroNet failed when advertisers balked at Metromedia's advertising rate, which was only slightly lower than the Big Three's and low national coverage, leaving for Operation Prime Time.^[29]

Paramount Television Service[link]

In 1977, Paramount Pictures made tentative plans to launch the Paramount Television Service, or Paramount Progamming Service, a new fourth television network; its programming would have consisted of three hours a week. Paramount also purchased the Hughes Network including its satelite time.^[29] Thirty Movies of the Week would have followed Star Trek: Phase II on Saturday nights. This plan was aborted when executives decided the venture would cost too much, with no guarantee of profitability. The decision was made to transform Phase II into Star Trek: The Motion Picture. Paramount continued to produce TV programs for the Big Three networks. Paramount would eventually create a network seventeen years later with the launch of UPN.

Fox Network[link]

By 1985, there were 267 independent television stations in the US, most of which were small UHF stations.^[28] In May 1985, News Corporation paid $1.55 billion to acquire six independent television stations in major US cities from John Kluge's company, Metromedia. In October 1985, 20th Century Fox announced its intentions to form an independent television system which would compete with the three major television networks. 20th Century-Fox studios would combine with the former Metromedia stations to both produce and distribute programming. Because Metromedia was the successor company to the DuMont Network, radio personality Clarke Ingram has argued that Fox was essentially not a new fourth network per se, but DuMont "rising from the ashes".^[31] Former DuMont stations like WNYW in New York City and WTTG in Washington, D.C. became Fox stations.

The Fox network launched in 1986 with 88 affiliates, many of them UHF stations. This latest fourth network was met with ridicule by critics and with scorn by Big Three executives, who pointed out that the Fox network, like the failed television networks before it, would be seen mostly on poorly-watched UHF stations. Brandon Tartikoff gave Fox the dismissive nickname "the coat hanger network", implying that viewers would need to attach wire hangers to their TV sets to view Fox. NBC head Grant Tinker stated, "I will never put a fourth column on my schedule board. There will only be three."^[32]

By 1988, the network was still struggling, and Fox executives considered pulling the plug on the network.^[33] By 1990 Fox had cracked the top 30 in the Nielsen ratings with The Simpsons, which became the first series from a fourth network to enter the top 30 since the demise of DuMont more than 30 years earlier.^[34]

Fox became profitable by the early 1990s, and in 1994, was able to lure major affiliates away from CBS, when Fox took the rights to the NFL from CBS. No fourth network had been able to entice a Big Three affiliate to switch before. Fox became the most watched network in the US for the first time in its history in 2008.

References[link]

This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; suggestions may be available. (September 2010)

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2011)

Nigel Sylvester (born on August 23, 1987 in Queens, New York) is a professional BMX rider.^[1] He is sponsored by Nike 6.0,^[2] Gatorade, Animal New York,^[3]G-Shock. He has a signature frame called the Chocolate and owns a BMX, skate, and streetwear store in Queens called Format NY.

References[link]

This biographical article relating to American cycling is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Randy Pausch
Randy Pausch
Born	(1960-10-23)October 23, 1960 Baltimore, Maryland, US
Died	July 25, 2008(2008-07-25) (aged 47) Chesapeake, Virginia, United States Pancreatic cancer
Nationality	American
Fields	Computer science Human Computer Interaction
Institutions	Carnegie Mellon University University of Virginia
Alma mater	Brown University Carnegie Mellon University
Doctoral advisor	Alfred Spector
Known for	Creator of Alice software project Cofounder of CMU's Entertainment Technology Center Virtual Reality Research with Disney Imagineers Inspirational speeches regarding life #1 best-selling book Battle with cancer
Notable awards	Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Award for Outstanding Contributions to Computer Science Education Fellow of the ACM Time's Time 100[1]
Spouse	Jai Glasgow

Randolph Frederick "Randy" Pausch^[2] (October 23, 1960 – July 25, 2008) was an American professor of computer science and human-computer interaction and design at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Pausch learned that he had pancreatic cancer in September 2006, and in August 2007 he was given a terminal diagnosis: "3 to 6 months of good health left". He gave an upbeat lecture titled "The Last Lecture: Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams" on September 18, 2007, at Carnegie Mellon, which became a popular YouTube video and led to other media appearances. He then co-authored a book called The Last Lecture on the same theme, which became a New York Times best-seller.

Pausch died of complications from pancreatic cancer on July 25, 2008.

Early life[link]

Pausch was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and grew up in Columbia, Maryland.^[2] After graduating from Oakland Mills High School in Columbia, Pausch received his bachelor's degree in computer science from Brown University in May 1982 and his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in August 1988.^{[3][not in citation given]} While completing his doctoral studies, Pausch was briefly employed at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center and Adobe Systems.^[4]

Computer science career[link]

Pausch was an assistant and associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Virginia's School of Engineering and Applied Science from 1988 until 1997. While there, he completed sabbaticals at Walt Disney Imagineering and Electronic Arts (EA). In 1997, Pausch became Associate Professor of Computer Science, Human-Computer Interaction and Design, at Carnegie Mellon University. He was a co-founder in 1998, along with Don Marinelli, of CMU's Entertainment Technology Center (ETC), and he started the Building Virtual Worlds^[5] course at CMU and taught it for 10 years. He consulted with Google on user interface design and also consulted with PARC, Imagineering, and Media Metrix.^[4] Pausch is also the founder of the Alice software project.^[6] He received the National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award and was a Lilly Foundation Teaching Fellow.^[7] Pausch was the author or co-author of five books and over 70 articles.

Pausch received two awards from ACM in 2007 for his achievements in computing education: the Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award and the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Award for Outstanding Contributions to Computer Science Education.^[8] He was also inducted as a Fellow of the ACM in 2007.

Cancer and death[link]

Pausch was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer^[9][10] and underwent a Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy) on September 19, 2006, in an unsuccessful attempt to halt his pancreatic cancer.^[11] He was told in August 2007 to expect a remaining three to six months of good health. He soon moved his family to Chesapeake, Virginia, a suburb near Norfolk, to be close to his wife's family. On March 13, 2008, Pausch advocated for greater federal funding for pancreatic cancer before the United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies.^[12] In the week prior to this, he had been hospitalized in order to have needle aspiration of pleural effusion in his right lung.^[13]

On May 2, 2008, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed that he had very tiny (5 millimetres (0.20 in) or less) metastases in his lungs and some lymph nodes in his chest. He also had some metastases in his peritoneal and retroperitoneal cavities. On June 26, 2008, Pausch indicated that he was considering stopping further chemotherapy because of the potential adverse side effects. He was, however, considering some immuno-therapy-based approaches.^[14] On July 24, on behalf of Pausch, a friend anonymously posted a message on Pausch's webpage stating that a biopsy had indicated that the cancer had progressed further than what was expected from recent PET scans and that Pausch had "taken a step down" and was "much sicker than he had been". The friend also stated that Pausch had then enrolled in a hospice program designed to provide palliative care to those at the end of life.^[14]

Wikinews has related news: "Last Lecture" Professor Randy Pausch dies at age 47

Pausch died from pancreatic cancer at his family's home in Chesapeake, Virginia on July 25, 2008, at the age of 47. He is survived by his wife, Jai, and their three children, Dylan, Logan, and Chloe.^[15]

[edit] Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams

Pausch delivered his "Last Lecture", titled Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams, at CMU on September 18, 2007.^[16] He gave an abridged version of his speech on the Oprah show in October 2007.^[17][18] The talk was modeled after an ongoing series of lectures where top academics are asked to think deeply about what matters to them, and then give a hypothetical "final talk", with a topic such as "what wisdom would you try to impart to the world if you knew it was your last chance?" Before speaking, Pausch received a long standing ovation from a large crowd of over 400 colleagues and students. When he motioned them to sit down, saying, "Make me earn it," someone in the audience shouted back, "You did!"^[9][19]

During the lecture, Pausch was upbeat and humorous, alternating between wisecracks, insights on computer science and engineering education, advice on building multi-disciplinary collaborations, working in groups and interacting with other people, offering inspirational life lessons, and performing push-ups on stage. He also commented on the irony that the "Last Lecture" series had recently been renamed as "Journeys", saying, "I thought, damn, I finally nailed the venue and they renamed it."^[15] After Pausch finished his lecture, Steve Seabolt, on behalf of Electronic Arts—which is now collaborating with CMU in the development of Alice 3.0^[20]—pledged to honor Pausch by creating a memorial scholarship for women in computer science, in recognition of Pausch's support and mentoring of women in CS and engineering.^[9]

CMU president Jared Cohon spoke emotionally of Pausch's humanity and called his contributions to the university and to education "remarkable and stunning".^[21] He then announced that CMU will celebrate Pausch's impact on the world by building and naming after Pausch a raised pedestrian bridge^[22] to connect CMU's new Computer Science building and the Center for the Arts, symbolizing the way Pausch linked those two disciplines. Brown University professor Andries van Dam followed Pausch's last lecture with a tearful and impassioned speech praising him for his courage and leadership, calling him a role model.^[21][23][24]

The Randy Pausch Memorial Footbridge was dedicated on October 30, 2009, with Jai, Dylan, Logan and Chloe Pausch cutting the ribbon.

[edit] The Last Lecture

The Disney-owned publisher Hyperion paid $6.7 million for the rights to publish a book about Pausch called The Last Lecture, co-authored by Pausch and Wall Street Journal reporter Jeffrey Zaslow.^[25] The book became a New York Times best-seller on April 28, 2008.^[26] The Last Lecture expands on Pausch's speech. The book's first printing had 400,000 copies, and it has been translated into 46 languages. It has spent more than 85 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list, and there are now more than 4.5 million copies in print in the U.S. alone. Despite speculation that the book would be made into a movie, Pausch had denied these rumors, stating that "there's a reason to do the book, but if it's telling the story of the lecture in the medium of film, we already have that."^[27]

Media coverage[link]

Pausch was named "Person of the Week" on ABC's World News with Charles Gibson on September 21, 2007.^[28] His "Last Lecture" attracted wide attention from the international media,^[29] became an Internet hit, and was viewed over a million times in the first month after its delivery.^[30] On October 22, 2007, Pausch appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show where he discussed his situation and summarized his "Last Lecture".^[18] On October 6, 2007, Pausch joined the Pittsburgh Steelers for the day during their regular practice, after the organization learned that one of his childhood dreams mentioned in his "Last Lecture" was to play in the NFL.^[31] On April 9, 2008, the ABC network aired an hour long Diane Sawyer feature on Pausch titled "The Last Lecture: A Love Story For Your Life".^[32][33] On July 29, 2008, ABC aired a follow up to the Last Lecture special, remembering Pausch and his famous lecture.^[34]

Other lectures and appearances[link]

Pausch gave a lecture about time management^[35] on November 27, 2007 at the University of Virginia, to an audience of over 850 people.^[36] In March 2008, Pausch appeared in a public service announcement video^[37] and testified before Congress in support of cancer research.^[38] On May 18, 2008, Pausch made a surprise return appearance at Carnegie Mellon, giving a speech at the commencement ceremony,^[39] as well as attending the School of Computer Science's diploma ceremony,^[40] and on May 19 Pausch appeared on the Good Morning America show.^[41] His lecture, "Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams", was nominated at the 2007 YouTube Video Awards.^[42][43]

A devoted Star Trek fan, Pausch was invited by film director J. J. Abrams to film a role in Star Trek. Abrams heard of Pausch's condition and sent a personal e-mail inviting Pausch to the set. Pausch accepted and traveled to Los Angeles, California to shoot his scene. In addition to appearing in the film, he also has a line of dialogue at the beginning of the film ("Captain, we have visual.") and donated the $217.06 paycheck to charity.^[44][45]

Honors[link]

• The Pittsburgh City Council declared November 19, 2007 to be "Dr. Randy Pausch Day".^[46]
• In May 2008, Pausch was listed by Time as one of the World's Top-100 Most Influential People.^[1]
• Randy was named Pittsburgher of the Year 2008.^[47]
• On May 30, 2008, Randy received a letter from then President George W. Bush thanking him for his commitment to the Nation's youth.^[48]
• On February 4, 2009, The Walt Disney Company dedicated a tribute plaque at Walt Disney World near the "Mad Tea Party" attraction with a quote by Randy that reads "Be good at something; It makes you valuable ... Have something to bring to the table, because that will make you more welcome."^[49]
• The Walt Disney Company also created the Disney Memorial Pausch Fellowship at Carnegie Mellon University, which will support two graduate students.^[50]
• Per Jared Cohon's announcement on the day of the Last Lecture, a raised pedestrian bridge at CMU that connects the Gates Computer Science building and the Purnell Center for the Arts is named after Pausch, symbolizing the way he linked the two disciplines.^[22]

Other publications[link]

• Adding input and output to the transactional model (Research paper, CMU), 1988
• Dann, Wanda P.; Cooper, Stephen; Pausch, Randy (2005-07-25). Learning to Program with Alice. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-187289-3. http://www.aliceprogramming.net/. 
• Pausch, Randy (2008-08-07). Time Management. ISBN 0-9820556-3-3. 

References[link]

External links[link]

• Quotations related to Randy Pausch at Wikiquote
• Randy Pausch's Home Page at Carnegie Mellon University
• News about Randy Pausch at the University of Virginia
• Randy Pausch's Publications on Google Scholar
• Randy Pausch at the Internet Movie Database

Videos

• The last lecture of Randy Pausch at Youtube
• The last lecture of Randy Pausch at iTunes U
• "Time Management" by Randy Pausch, November 2007 at Google Video (presentation slides)
• Randy Pausch addressing the CMU 2008 graduating class
• Randy Pausch on Good Morning America, May 19, 2008
• An Interview with Steve Seabolt about Randy Pausch - video audio (mp3) with John Ortberg at Menlo Park Presbyterian Church on September 12, 2008
• Randy Pausch's five second Star Trek cameo

v t e Carnegie Mellon University Academics Carnegie Institute of Technology (engineering) • College of Fine Arts • H. John Heinz III College • Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences • Mellon College of Science • School of Computer Science • Tepper School of Business • Margaret Morrison Carnegie College (defunct) Branch Campuses Australia • Silicon Valley • Qatar Student life Traditions • Greek Life • Kiltie Band • Scotch'n'Soda • Miller Gallery • The Tartan • WRCT • University Athletic Association Research Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center • Software Engineering Institute • Robotics Institute • Human Computer Interaction Institute • Language Technologies Institute • Pittsburgh Life Sciences Greenhouse • Carnegie School People Andrew Carnegie • Mellon family • Alumni and faculty Projects and legacies Alice • Andrew Project • BLISS • CMMI • Mach • 3M computer

Kate Upton
Upton at the Jets VIP draft party in 2011
Born	Katherine Upton[1] (1992-06-10) June 10, 1992 (age 20)[2] St. Joseph, Michigan, U.S.
Occupation	Model, actress
Years active	2008–present
Height	5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)[3]
Hair color	Blonde[3]
Eye color	Blue/green[3]
Measurements	33-25-36 (US) 84-63-92 (EU)[3]
Manager	IMG Models[3]
Website
www.kateupton.com

Katherine "Kate" Upton^[1] (born June 10, 1992)^[2] is an American model and actress known for her appearances in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue,^[4] first in 2011, when she was named Rookie of the Year,^[5] and again in 2012, when she was announced as the cover model.

Early life[link]

Upton was born in St. Joseph, Michigan^[6] and raised in Melbourne, Florida.^[7] She attended Holy Trinity Episcopal Academy.^[8] Her uncle is U.S. Representative Fred Upton, Republican of Michigan's 6th congressional district.^[9]

As a young equestrian, Upton showed at the American Paint Horse Association and competed on a national level.^[10] With her horse Roanie Pony, she won three APHA Reserve World Championships – 13 and Under Western Riding, 13 and Under Horsemanship, and 14–18 Western Riding. She was named the 13 and Under Reserve All-Around Champion, giving her a total of four reserve championships (2nd place). In addition, Upton ended up third overall on the APHA youth Top Twenty. With a second horse, Zipped, she won 14–18 Western Riding and was included in the top 5 in 14–18 Horsemanship and 14–18 Western Pleasure in 2009.^[11]

Career[link]

External media
Images
	Upton's Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue cover from February 19, 2012
Videos
	Kate Upton's 6 million view video of the Dougie posted on April 3, 2011
	Kate Upton's 6 million view video of the Cat Daddy posted on May 1, 2012

Upton attended a casting call in Miami for Elite Model Management in 2008^[6] and was signed by them the same day. She eventually moved to New York City, where she then signed with IMG Models.^[6]

Upton first modeled for Garage,^[6] then Dooney & Bourke. She is the 2010–11 face of Guess.^[12] In 2011, Upton appeared in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue. She was featured in the body paint section and named Rookie of the Year for the issue.^[6] She has since modeled for Beach Bunny swimwear and Victoria's Secret,^[3] and has appeared in Complex^[13][14] and Esquire as "The Woman of the Summer".^[15]

In April 2011 an internet video of her doing the "Dougie" at a Los Angeles Clippers game went viral and served to increase her popularity.^[10][16][17] On April 30, 2012, a bikini-clad Upton performing the "Cat Daddy" in a video directed by Terry Richardson also went viral, amassing almost 750,000 views in the 24 hours before it was temporarily removed from YouTube for violating the site's rules on sexual content.^[18][19]

Upton made an appearance in a June 2011 episode of Tosh.0, participating in a segment called "Knife or Banana", emulating a Japanese game show in which she is stabbed with a banana.^[20]

Upton played in the 2011 Taco Bell All-Star Legends & Celebrity Softball Game at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona, in July 2011.^[21]

Upton's acting debut was in the film, Tower Heist, as Mr. Hightower’s Mistress.^[22] She followed up with an appearance in The Three Stooges as Sister Bernice.^[23]

Upton appeared on the cover of the 2012 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, unveiled on February 13, 2012, on the Late Show with David Letterman.^[24]

Upton appeared on Saturday Night Live on February 18, 2012 in the sketch What Up with That as the middle guest.^[25] Again in 2012, she has appeared on more covers, in magazines such as Esquire and Muse and a television commercial for Carl's Jr., a U.S.-based fast food chain.

Upton appeared in a Major League Baseball 2K12 commercial with Detroit Tigers pitcher Justin Verlander, Tampa Bay Rays pitcher David Price, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim pitcher C.J. Wilson, and Cincinnati Reds outfielder Jay Bruce.

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kate Upton

• Official website
• Kate Upton at the Internet Movie Database
• Kate Upton at Sports Illustrated online