Dario Argento
Dario Argento answers questions at the Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival in 2007.
Born	Dario Argento (1940-09-07) 7 September 1940 (age 71) Rome, Italy
Other names	Sirio Bernadotte[1][2]
Occupation	Film director, producer and screenwriter
Spouse	Marisa Casale (1968 -1972) (divorced)[3]
Partner	Daria Nicolodi (1974–1985)

Dario Argento (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdarjo arˈdʒɛnto]; born 7 September 1940) is an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for his work in the horror film genre, particularly in the subgenre known as giallo, and for his influence on modern horror and slasher movies.

Life and career[link]

Argento was born in Rome, the son of film producer/executive Salvatore Argento and Brazilian-born photographer Elda Luxardo. He began his career in film as a critic, writing for various magazines while still attending high school.

Argento did not attend college, electing rather to take a job as a columnist at the newspaper Paese Sera. While working at the newspaper, Argento also began working as a screenwriter. His most notable work was for Sergio Leone; he and Bernardo Bertolucci collaborated on the story for the spaghetti western classic Once Upon a Time in the West. Soon after that film's 1969 release, Argento began working on his directorial debut, The Bird with the Crystal Plumage, which was released in 1970 and was a major hit in Italy.

Early in his directing career, Argento continued to concentrate largely on the giallo genre (more precisely known as "thriller" in Italy, as the word "giallo"--Italian for yellow-- usually refers to generic mystery works). Although Mario Bava created the first cinematic giallo with 1964's Blood and Black Lace, Argento further developed this style in his first three films.^[4]

Argento directed two additional successful thrillers, The Cat o' Nine Tails (1971) and Four Flies on Grey Velvet (1972). Along with The Bird with the Crystal Plumage, these three films are frequently referred to as Argento's "animal trilogy". The director then turned his attention away from giallo movies, filming two Italian TV dramas and a period comedy (Five Days in Milan) in 1973 before returning to thrillers with 1975's Deep Red, frequently cited by many critics as the best giallo ever made. The film made Argento famous internationally, and inspired a number of other directors to work in the genre (John Carpenter has frequently referred to the influence Argento's early work had on Halloween).

Argento's next movie was Suspiria (1977), a violent supernatural thriller. Lacking the constraints of the more conventional giallo subgenre, Suspiria is a semi-surreal work of art, where plot and character are secondary to sound and vision. Argento planned for Suspiria to be the first of a trilogy about "The Three Mothers", three ancient witches residing in three different modern cities. The second movie of the trilogy was 1980's Inferno. The Mother of Tears (2007) belatedly concluded the trilogy.

In between the making of the first two "mothers", in 1978, Argento collaborated with George A. Romero on Dawn of the Dead, earning a producer credit and also providing soundtrack work for the zombie classic. Argento oversaw the European release of the film (where it was titled Zombi) which was much shorter and featured much more of the score written and performed by Goblin.

After Inferno, Argento returned to the more conventional giallo style with Tenebrae (1982). He then attempted to combine giallo and supernatural fantasy in Phenomena, also known as Creepers (1985), which was one of Jennifer Connelly's earliest movies. Phenomena also showed Argento's predilection for using new technology, as evidenced by the film's several prowling Steadicam shots. Both films received a lukewarm reception upon their release (although each has been positively reappraised retrospectively).

Argento subsequently took a break from directing to write two screenplays for Mario Bava's son Lamberto Bava, Dèmoni (1985) and Dèmoni 2 (1986).

Dario Argento interviewed by Martin Sauvageau during the Festival International du Cinéma Fantastique de Montréal in 1994.

Opera followed in 1987. Set in Parma's Regio Theatre during a production of Verdi's Macbeth, the production was beset by real-life misfortunes that Argento suspected were caused by the supposed traditional "curse" on the Shakespearean play. Argento's father died during its production, Vanessa Redgrave quit the project before filming began, he had problems working with his former long-time girlfriend and collaborator Daria Nicolodi on-set, and the cast and crew were plagued by several minor accidents and mishaps.

His 1996 The Stendhal Syndrome, in which a policewoman (played by Argento's daughter, Asia) who suffers from Stendhal syndrome is trapped by a serial killer in an abandoned warehouse, was the first Italian film to use computer-generated imagery (CGI). Moreover, the film's opening scene was shot in Florence, at Italy's famed Uffizi Gallery. Argento is the only director ever granted permission to shoot there. The Stendhal Syndrome was distributed in the U.S. by cult B-movie distribution company Troma Entertainment.

Dario Argento discusses his film Pelts at the Torino Film Festival in 2006.

2004's The Card Player, a giallo about a killer whose murders are conducted during Internet poker matches with the Rome police, earned a mixed reception: some fans appreciated the techno music score composed by ex-Goblin member Claudio Simonetti, but felt the film was too mainstream, with little of Argento's usual flourish.

2005 saw the TV broadcast of Argento's Do You Like Hitchcock?, in which the director paid homage to Alfred Hitchcock after decades of being compared to him by critics. Later that year, he directed a segment of Masters of Horror, a Showtime television series called "Jenifer". Soon afterwards, Argento directed an adaption of the F. Paul Wilson short story "Pelts" for season 2 of the same series.

Argento finished the final film of his Three Mothers trilogy, The Mother of Tears, which is set in Rome and centers on the titular "third mother", Mater Lacrimarum. Argento and Jace Anderson share writing credits for the film. Argento's daughter Asia was cast as the lead player, along with her mother and frequent Argento collaborator Daria Nicolodi in a supporting role. Udo Kier, who appeared in Argento's Suspiria, and Coralina Cataldi-Tassoni, who appeared in three of his previous films, both have pivotal roles in the final Mothers chapter.

On 26 June 2009, Argento's latest movie Giallo premiered at the Edinburgh Film Festival. The following month he announced that he had started working on the 3D remake of Profondo Rosso,^[5] but subsequently this project was shelved due to the failure of Giallo in Italian cinemas. He then announced his decision to write a new screenplay. In 2011, Argento will produce the American remake of his cult film Suspiria.^[6] On March 4, 2011, it was announced that Rutger Hauer had signed on to play Van Helsing in Argento's Dracula 3D which is scheduled to begin shooting in Budapest later in the year.^[7]

Works and criticism on Argento[link]

Maitland McDonagh^[8] wrote about Argento in Broken Mirrors/Broken Minds: The Dark Dreams of Dario Argento (1991). Argento is also mentioned in Art of Darkness, a collection of promotional stills, poster art and critical essays edited by Chris Gallant. British journalist Alan Jones published Profondo Argento, a compendium of set reports, interviews and biographical detail. A recent book by James Gracey, simply titled Dario Argento, provides fresh critical analysis and an exploration of Argento's far-reaching impact on modern horror cinema and popular culture.^[9] English sound designer, writer and musician Heather Emmett published Sounds to Die For:Speaking the Language of Horror Film Sound, ISBN 978-0-9563020-1-4, which includes the first in-depth study of the use of sound in Argento's films.^[10]

Other work[link]

He is involved in a horror memorabilia store located at Via dei Gracchi 260 in Rome named Profondo Rosso, after his classic film Deep Red. In the cellar is a collection from his movies. The store is managed by his long time collaborator and friend Luigi Cozzi.

During the early 1990s, Argento was in the process of collaborating with contemporary Italian director Lucio Fulci on a horror film. But due to financial trouble, the project was continually postponed. Fortunately in 1996, Argento was able to gather funding, but was unable to actually collaborate with Fulci, as Fulci died in March that year. The film would be later be directed by Sergio Stivaletti as Maschera di cera (The Wax Mask), with Argento and Fulci both receiving screenwriting credits.

He has contributed in the development of the survival horror video game Dead Space, and also in the dubbing of Dr. Kyne character in the Italian version of the game.

Filmography[link]

As director[link]

• The Bird with the Crystal Plumage (L'uccello dalle piume di cristallo) (1970) (Also Writer)
• The Cat o' Nine Tails (Il gatto a nove code) (1971) (Also Writer)
• Four Flies on Grey Velvet (4 mosche di velluto grigio) (1971) (Also Writer)
• The Five Days (Le cinque giornate) (1973) (Also Writer)
• Door into Darkness (TV Series, Episodes Testimone oculare, Il tram) (1973) (Also Writer, Producer)
• Deep Red (Profondo rosso) (aka The Hatchet Murders) (1975) (Also Writer)
• Suspiria (1977) (Also Writer)
• Inferno (1980) (Also Writer)
• Tenebrae (aka Unsane) (1982) (Also Writer)
• Phenomena (aka Creepers) (1985) (Also Writer, Producer)
• Opera (aka Terror at the Opera) (1987) (Also Writer, Producer)
• Two Evil Eyes (Due occhi diabolici) (Segment, The Black Cat) (1990) (Also Writer, Executive Producer)
• Trauma (1993) (Also Writer, Producer)
• The Stendhal Syndrome (La sindrome di Stendhal) (1996) (Also Writer, Producer)
• The Phantom of the Opera (Il fantasma dell'opera) (1998) (Also Writer)
• Sleepless (Non ho sonno) (2001) (Also Writer, Producer)
• The Card Player (Il cartaio) (2004) (Also Writer, Producer)
• Do You Like Hitchcock? (Ti piace Hitchcock?) (2005) (Also Writer)
• Masters of Horror (TV Series, Episode Jenifer) (2005)
• Masters of Horror (TV Series, Episode Pelts) (2006)
• The Mother of Tears (2007) (Also Writer, Producer)
• Giallo (2009) (Also Writer)
• Dracula 3D (2012) (Also co-writer)
• La quarta dimensione (2012) (TV Series, also writer)

As writer (not director)[link]

• Scusi, Lei è favorevole o contrario? (1967)
• Every Man Is My Enemy Qualcuno ha tradito (1967)
• Heroes Never Die (Les Héros ne Meurent Jamais) (1968)
• Once Upon a Time in the West (C'era una volta il West) (1968) (Story)
• Today It's Me... Tomorrow It's You! (Oggi a me... domani a te!) (1968)
• Comandamenti per un Gangster (1968)
• Commandos (1968)
• La Rivoluzione sessuale (The Sexual Revolution) (1968)
• Cemetery Without Crosses (Une Corde, un Colt) (1969)
• Love Circle (Metti una sera a cena) (aka One Night at Dinner) (1969)
• Probabilità Zero (1969)
• Legion of the Damned (La legione dei dannati) (aka Battle of the Commandos) (1969)
• The Five Man Army (Un esercito di cinque uomini) (1969)
• Season of the Senses (La stagione dei sensi') (1969)
• Man Called Amen (Così sia) (1972)
• Demons (Dèmoni) (1985) (Also Producer)
• Demons 2 (Demoni 2) (1986) (Also Producer)
• The Church (La Chiesa) (aka Demons 3) (1989) (Also Producer)
• The Sect (La setta) (aka Demons 4) (1991) (Also Producer)
• The Wax Mask (M.D.C. – Maschera di cera) (1997) (Story) (Also Producer)

As producer (neither writer nor director)[link]

• Door into Darkness (Episode La bambola) (1973)
• Dawn of the Dead (Zombi) (1978)
• Turno di Notte (TV Series) (1987)
• Scarlet Diva (2000)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dario Argento

• Dark Dreams: The Films of Dario Argento
• Dario Argento at the Internet Movie Database
• Interview with Dario Argento

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