Joseph Ignatius Breen (October 14, 1888 or 1890, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – December 5, 1965, Los Angeles, California) was an American film censor. He worked for more than two decades with the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America to enforce the Hays Code in film production.^[1]

Career[link]

In 1934, the original organization established to enforce the code, the Studio Relations Committee, was replaced by a new organization, the Production Code Administration (PCA), and Breen was appointed head, a position he held until 1954.^[2] The PCA had been founded in response to intense opposition by Catholic groups to what was seen as Hollywood's lax enforcement of the production code—opposition secretly orchestrated, in part, by Breen who was officially employed by Hays as his West Coast representative and assistant.

For eight months in 1941 he was head of RKO Pictures before returning to the PCA. In 1954, on the occasion of his retirement, he was presented with an honorary Academy Award, for "his conscientious, open-minded and dignified management of the Motion Picture Production Code."

Legacy[link]

Breen was extremely unpopular with filmmakers due to what they viewed as his unnecessary censorship of their artistic vision. Upon Breen's death, the trade magazine Variety stated "More than any single individual, he shaped the moral stature of the American motion picture."^[3] In the 2004 film The Aviator, Breen was portrayed by Edward Herrmann.

See also[link]

Biography portal

• Baby Face (film) (1933), for Breen's revision of a scene in a sexually charged pre-code film.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Joseph Breen at the Internet Movie Database
• Joseph Breen at Find a Grave

Joseph M. Breen (born April 23, 1897, in Toronto, Ontario, died October 13, 1978, in Toronto, Ontario) was a star football player in the Canadian Football League for two seasons for the Toronto Argonauts. Later, he coached at the University of Western Ontario and was a referee from 1935 through 1940. He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1963 and into the Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1975.

References[link]

• Canada's Sports Hall of Fame profile

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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2008)

Carlene Carter (born Rebecca Carlene Smith; September 26, 1955) is an American country singer and songwriter. She is the daughter of June Carter and her first husband, Carl Smith.

Between 1978 and the present, Carter has recorded twelve albums, primarily on major labels. In the same timespan, she has released more than twenty singles, including three #3-peaking hits on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts.

Career[link]

In 1987, Carlene Carter joined with the singing trio The Carter Sisters, consisting of her mother June Carter Cash and June's sisters Helen and Anita Carter in a revived version of The Carter Family, and were featured on a 1987 television episode of Austin City Limits along with Carlene's stepfather Johnny Cash.^[1]

Her solo recording career had begun in the late 1970s with her eponymous debut album. In 1979, during a concert at New York's Bottom Line, she introduced a song about mate-swapping called Swap-Meat Rag, from her album Two Sides to Every Woman, by stating, "If this song don't put the cunt back in country, I don't know what will." Johnny Cash and June Carter were in the audience, unknown to Carlene.^[2] The comment was quoted widely in the press, and Carter spent much of the next decade trying to live it down.^[3]

Carter's career really took off with the album I Fell in Love, in 1990. The album and title song topped the US country albums and singles charts, respectively. Following a stint in the UK and in the run-up to her divorce from the English singer-songwriter Nick Lowe, Carter had returned to America, where in 1988 she met musician Howie Epstein. Epstein helped Carter get her career back on track, producing I Fell in Love and co-authoring its title track with longtime collaborator, Milwaukee writer Perry M. Lamek. In 1991, the song "I Fell in Love" earned a Grammy nomination for Best Female Country Vocal Performance. The album, which featured straight-ahead, retro-sounding country (unlike her prior work, which had combined country, rock and roll and pop sounds) was among the first successes of the 1990s "neotraditionalist" movement in country.

Three years later, Epstein produced Carter's follow-up CD Little Love Letters, featuring the hit "Every Little Thing", which was one of the top-rated music videos of the year. Epstein and Carter were engaged in the mid to late 1990s, but never married. Epstein died in 2003 of a suspected drug overdose.^[4]

Carter provided the voice of "Red" in the 1994 Williams pinball machine, Red & Ted's Road Show, designed by Pat Lawlor. A clip of Carter's hit, "Every Little Thing," is played after the player scores a jackpot. A picture of Carter appears in the game's backglass artwork.

Carter had a cameo appearance in the 1994 film Maverick. She played a waitress on the gambling casino ship run by Commodore Duvall (James Coburn).

In 1995 Carter's Little Acts of Treason was critically well received but failed to achieve the commercial success of Carter's two previous releases. In 1996, Carter released Hindsight 20/20, a greatest hits album but it too failed to achieve success.

She also found limited amounts of fame with the song "It Takes One to Know Me," which was released on the albums Johnny Cash: The Legend and Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash: Duets. Originally recorded in 1977 with a full string backing group, it was lost in a tape collection in Hendersonville and uncovered in 2003. It was then remastered by her brother John Carter Cash. In the remastered version John added his and his wife Laura's (her sister-in-law) backing vocals and a guest appearance from Carlene herself—more than 25 years after she wrote and recorded the song.

On June 26, 2001, a New Mexico police officer pulled over Carter and Epstein. A search of the vehicle revealed that it was stolen and drugs were found.^[5]

She was played by Victoria Hester in the movie Walk the Line.

On August 8, 2009, Carlene Carter played a live acoustic set at Hecksher Park in Huntington, NY. During the performance, she stated that it was the first time in more than 30 years that she performed by herself. During her hour-long set, she played the title track from her latest release, "Stronger," and said it was written in memory of her younger sister, who had died six years earlier. The track was performed on the piano and brought Carter to tears. Her younger sister is also mentioned in her track "Wildwood Rose." She ended the set by playing "Will the Circle Be Unbroken?" with the opening act, "The Homegrown String Band", a family band from the area. She said it brought back memories of playing with her own family.

Personal life[link]

Carlene Carter has been married four times:

• Joseph Simpkins Jr. (1971–1972) (One child Tiffany Anastasia Lowe born February 23, 1972)
• Jack Wesley Routh (1974–1977) (One child John Jackson Routh born January 15, 1976)
• Nick Lowe (1979–1990)
• Joseph Breen (2006- )

Carter was for many years linked romantically with the late bass player Howie Epstein, best known for his work with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers.^[6]

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

Compilations and live albums[link]

Singles[link]

Guest singles[link]

Other charted songs[link]

Music videos[link]

Further reading[link]

• Everett, Todd (1998). "Carlene Carter". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 82–3.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Carlene Carter at the Internet Movie Database

v t e Johnny Cash Studio albums With His Hot and Blue Guitar Sings the Songs That Made Him Famous The Fabulous Johnny Cash Greatest! Sings Hank Williams Now, There Was a Song! Now Here's Johnny Cash The Sound of Johnny Cash All Aboard the Blue Train Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash I Walk the Line Orange Blossom Special Everybody Loves a Nut Happiness is You Old Golden Throat More of Old Golden Throat Hello, I'm Johnny Cash Man in Black A Thing Called Love Any Old Wind That Blows Ragged Old Flag Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me John R. Cash Look at Them Beans One Piece at a Time The Last Gunfighter Ballad I Would Like to See You Again Gone Girl Silver Rockabilly Blues The Baron The Adventures of Johnny Cash Johnny 99 Rainbow Johnny Cash is Coming to Town Classic Cash: Hall of Fame Series Water from the Wells of Home Boom Chicka Boom The Mystery of Life American Recordings Unchained American III: Solitary Man American IV: The Man Comes Around American V: A Hundred Highways American VI: Ain't No Grave Concept albums Songs of Our Soil Ride This Train The Lure of the Grand Canyon Blood, Sweat and Tears Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian Sings the Ballads of the True West From Sea to Shining Sea America: A 200-Year Salute in Story and Song The Johnny Cash Children's Album The Rambler Gospel albums Hymns by Johnny Cash Hymns from the Heart The Holy Land Sings Precious Memories A Believer Sings the Truth Believe in Him My Mother's Hymn Book Christmas albums The Christmas Spirit The Johnny Cash Family Christmas Classic Christmas Johnny Cash Country Christmas Collaborations Carryin' On with Johnny Cash and June Carter Johnny Cash and His Woman The Legend of Jesse James The Survivors Live Highwayman Heroes Class of '55 Highwayman 2 The Road Goes on Forever VH1 Storytellers Live albums At Folsom Prison At San Quentin The Johnny Cash Show På Österåker Strawberry Cake At Madison Square Garden A Concert Behind Prison Walls Soundtrack albums I Walk the Line Little Fauss and Big Halsy The Gospel Road Return to the Promised Land Compilation albums Greatest Hits, Vol. 1 Heart of Cash The World of Johnny Cash Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 Sunday Morning Coming Down International Superstar Five Feet High and Rising Greatest Hits, Vol. 3 The Unissued Johnny Cash Johnny & June Tall Man Encore Biggest Hits The Man in Black 1954–1958 The Man in Black 1959–1962 Come Along and Ride this Train Wanted Man The Man in Black 1963–1969 16 Biggest Hits Love, God and Murder The Essential Johnny Cash Unearthed The Legend The Legend of Johnny Cash 16 Biggest Hits: Johnny Cash & June Carter Cash Personal File The Legend of Johnny Cash Vol. II Songs "25 Minutes to Go" "Any Old Wind That Blows" "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" "Ballad of a Teenage Queen" "Big River" "Blistered" "A Boy Named Sue" "Busted" "Cat's in the Cradle" "Cocaine Blues" "Cry! Cry! Cry!" "Daddy Sang Bass" "Dark as a Dungeon" "Don't Take Your Guns to Town" "Engine 143" "Flesh and Blood" "Folsom Prison Blues" "Get Rhythm" "Goodnight, Irene" "Green, Green Grass of Home" "Greystone Chapel" "Guess Things Happen That Way" "Hey Porter" "Home of the Blues" "Hurt" "I Still Miss Someone" "I Walk the Line" "If I Were a Carpenter" "It Ain't Me Babe" "In My Life" "In the Jailhouse Now" "Jackson" "Kate" "The Man Comes Around" "Man in Black" "The Matador" "Oh Lonesome Me" "One Piece at a Time" "Oney" "Orange Blossom Special" "The One on the Right Is on the Left" "Remember the Alamo" "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky" "Ring of Fire" "Rock Island Line" "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down" "Tennessee Flat Top Box" "A Thing Called Love" "Understand Your Man" "What Is Truth" "What'd I Say" Family June Carter Cash John Carter Cash Rosanne Cash Carlene Carter Vivian Liberto Tommy Cash Carter Family Related articles Discography Sun Records discography Highwaymen Walk the Line Book:Johnny Cash