- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 63376377
- author: failarmy
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![The Tunnel (2011) ~FULL MOVIE~ [Multi-Subtitles]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130430041419im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/wVQrozMTWlY/default.jpg "This movie is (Rated 14A). Completely free to share and watch. This movie was meant to be free for everyone. http://www.thetunnelmovie.net/ Subtitles in 18 ...")
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PEOPLE ARE AWESOME 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
Subscribe for new compilations every Friday! ▻ http://bit.ly/failarmy Facebook ▻ http://facebook.com/failarmyy Twitter ▻ http://twitter.com/RealFailArmy Down...
http://wn.com/PEOPLE_ARE_AWESOME_2011
Subscribe for new compilations every Friday! ▻ http://bit.ly/failarmy Facebook ▻ http://facebook.com/failarmyy Twitter ▻ http://twitter.com/RealFailArmy Down...
Tomorrowland 2011 | official after movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:48
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
Like Tomorrowland on facebook: http://www.facebook.com/tomorrowland.be During the weekend of 22, 23 and 24 July 2011 (BELGIUM, ANTWERP, BOOM), more than 180,...
http://wn.com/Tomorrowland_2011_|_official_after_movie
Like Tomorrowland on facebook: http://www.facebook.com/tomorrowland.be During the weekend of 22, 23 and 24 July 2011 (BELGIUM, ANTWERP, BOOM), more than 180,...
- published: 29 Aug 2011
- views: 61876432
- author: TomorrowlandChannel
FOOD BATTLE 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:15
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
WATCH BLOOPERS + DELETED BATTLE: http://bit.ly/fb11XTRAS WATCH THIS EPISODE EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/fYLMS579LqY CHECK OUT NEW SMOSH MERCH: http://smo.sh/...
http://wn.com/FOOD_BATTLE_2011
WATCH BLOOPERS + DELETED BATTLE: http://bit.ly/fb11XTRAS WATCH THIS EPISODE EN ESPAÑOL: http://youtu.be/fYLMS579LqY CHECK OUT NEW SMOSH MERCH: http://smo.sh/...
- published: 23 Sep 2011
- views: 17363867
- author: smosh
Epic Win Compilation 2011 - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
Song: Whiskey Blossom (Radio Edit) by Dhruva Aliman http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Electronica Fantastica! A portion of this video is from "Extreme Sports Comp...
http://wn.com/Epic_Win_Compilation_2011_Part_1
Song: Whiskey Blossom (Radio Edit) by Dhruva Aliman http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Electronica Fantastica! A portion of this video is from "Extreme Sports Comp...
- published: 15 Feb 2012
- views: 15953351
- author: seekerland
Michael Collings - Britain's Got Talent 2011 Audition - itv.com/talent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:40
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
Britain's Got Talent: 19-year-old IT Engineer Michael certainly has an entertaining story, and - with an interesting choice of clothes - the audience and jud...
http://wn.com/Michael_Collings_Britain's_Got_Talent_2011_Audition_itvcom_talent
Britain's Got Talent: 19-year-old IT Engineer Michael certainly has an entertaining story, and - with an interesting choice of clothes - the audience and jud...
- published: 16 Apr 2011
- views: 21340288
- author: BritainsGotTalent09
YouTube Rewind 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
See what the world watched on YouTube in 2011 with YouTube Rewind: http://www.youtube.com/rewind Buy Avicii - Levels on Android Market (http://goo.gl/cO10Y) ...
http://wn.com/YouTube_Rewind_2011
See what the world watched on YouTube in 2011 with YouTube Rewind: http://www.youtube.com/rewind Buy Avicii - Levels on Android Market (http://goo.gl/cO10Y) ...
- published: 20 Dec 2011
- views: 5483295
- author: YouTube
C-SPAN: Seth Meyers remarks at the 2011 White House Correspondents' Dinner
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:49
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
Seth Meyers remarks at the 2011 White House Correspondents' Dinner. View the complete program here: http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/WhiteHouseCorrespo.
http://wn.com/C-SPAN_Seth_Meyers_remarks_at_the_2011_White_House_Correspondents'_Dinner
Seth Meyers remarks at the 2011 White House Correspondents' Dinner. View the complete program here: http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/WhiteHouseCorrespo.
- published: 01 May 2011
- views: 2900240
- author: CSPAN
Skydive Dubai - May 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:17
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
One week of skydiving over one of the most beautiful drop zone of the world... Skydive Dubaï Part 2 - January 2012 is now available !! http://www.youtube.com...
http://wn.com/Skydive_Dubai_May_2011
One week of skydiving over one of the most beautiful drop zone of the world... Skydive Dubaï Part 2 - January 2012 is now available !! http://www.youtube.com...
- published: 19 Jun 2011
- views: 11207882
- author: CedMovies
2011 Isaac Asimov Memorial Debate: The Theory of Everything
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 107:01
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
Can the entire universe be explained with a single, unifying theory? This is perhaps the most fundamental question in all of science, and it may also be the ...
http://wn.com/2011_Isaac_Asimov_Memorial_Debate_The_Theory_of_Everything
Can the entire universe be explained with a single, unifying theory? This is perhaps the most fundamental question in all of science, and it may also be the ...
- published: 15 Mar 2011
- views: 238681
- author: AMNHorg
Chris Rene - Audition 1 - THE X FACTOR 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:54
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
On the series premiere, Chris Rene auditions...Watch to see how he does! Subscribe now for more THE X FACTOR USA clips: http://bit.ly/Subscribe_TXF THE X FAC...
http://wn.com/Chris_Rene_Audition_1_THE_X_FACTOR_2011
On the series premiere, Chris Rene auditions...Watch to see how he does! Subscribe now for more THE X FACTOR USA clips: http://bit.ly/Subscribe_TXF THE X FAC...
- published: 22 Sep 2011
- views: 25624117
- author: TheXFactorUSA
C-SPAN: President Obama at the 2011 White House Correspondents' Dinner
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:54
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
President Obama at the 2011 White House Correspondents' Dinner. View the complete program here: http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/WhiteHouseCorrespo.
http://wn.com/C-SPAN_President_Obama_at_the_2011_White_House_Correspondents'_Dinner
President Obama at the 2011 White House Correspondents' Dinner. View the complete program here: http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/WhiteHouseCorrespo.
- published: 01 May 2011
- views: 9758362
- author: CSPAN
The Tunnel (2011) ~FULL MOVIE~ [Multi-Subtitles]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 90:20
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
This movie is (Rated 14A). Completely free to share and watch. This movie was meant to be free for everyone. http://www.thetunnelmovie.net/ Subtitles in 18 ...
http://wn.com/The_Tunnel_2011_~FULL_MOVIE~_Multi-Subtitles_
This movie is (Rated 14A). Completely free to share and watch. This movie was meant to be free for everyone. http://www.thetunnelmovie.net/ Subtitles in 18 ...
- published: 28 Jan 2012
- views: 5382205
- author: NordenTV
Britains Got Talent 2011 Olivia Binfield
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:58
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/Britains_Got_Talent_2011_Olivia_Binfield
Josh Krajcik - Audition 1 - THE X FACTOR 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:55
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
Josh Krajcik sings At Last by Etta James at his first audition in front of THE X FACTOR judges...watch to see how he does! Subscribe now for more THE X FACTO...
http://wn.com/Josh_Krajcik_Audition_1_THE_X_FACTOR_2011
Josh Krajcik sings At Last by Etta James at his first audition in front of THE X FACTOR judges...watch to see how he does! Subscribe now for more THE X FACTO...
- published: 29 Sep 2011
- views: 10343276
- author: TheXFactorUSA
Salman Khan talk at TED 2011 (from ted.com)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:27
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
Learn more: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=gM95HHI4gLk Salman Khan talk at TED 2011 (from ted.com)
http://wn.com/Salman_Khan_talk_at_TED_2011_from_tedcom
Learn more: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=gM95HHI4gLk Salman Khan talk at TED 2011 (from ted.com)
- published: 10 Mar 2011
- views: 2313443
- author: khanacademy
Social Media Revolution 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
http://www.socialnomics.net/ Part of the world's most watched Social Media video series; "Social Media Revolution" by Erik Qualman. Based on #1 International...
http://wn.com/Social_Media_Revolution_2011
http://www.socialnomics.net/ Part of the world's most watched Social Media video series; "Social Media Revolution" by Erik Qualman. Based on #1 International...
- published: 08 Jun 2011
- views: 1103437
- author: Erik Qualman
ZEITGEIST: MOVING FORWARD | OFFICIAL RELEASE | 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 161:25
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
Please support Peter Joseph's new, upcoming free film project: "InterReflections": http://www.interreflectionsmovie.com/help.html Sign up for TZM Mailing Lis...
http://wn.com/ZEITGEIST_MOVING_FORWARD_|_OFFICIAL_RELEASE_|_2011
Please support Peter Joseph's new, upcoming free film project: "InterReflections": http://www.interreflectionsmovie.com/help.html Sign up for TZM Mailing Lis...
- published: 26 Jan 2011
- views: 20552895
- author: TZMOfficialChannel
Day when TSUNAMI struck - Japan 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:59
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
Tsunami video in Japan, with the original sound of disaster.
http://wn.com/Day_when_TSUNAMI_struck_Japan_2011
Tsunami video in Japan, with the original sound of disaster.
- published: 27 Oct 2011
- views: 2998781
- author: neserteme99
Sheryl Sandberg, Barnard College Commencement 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:45
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Facebook's Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg delivered the keynote at Barnard College's 119th Commencement ceremony. Addressing approximately 600 membe...
http://wn.com/Sheryl_Sandberg,_Barnard_College_Commencement_2011
Facebook's Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg delivered the keynote at Barnard College's 119th Commencement ceremony. Addressing approximately 600 membe...
- published: 17 May 2011
- views: 141020
- author: barnardcollege
Japan Earthquake: Helicopter aerial view video of giant tsunami waves
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
A ferocious tsunami spawned by one of the largest earthquakes on record slammed Japan's eastern coast on Friday, killing hundreds of people as it swept away ...
http://wn.com/Japan_Earthquake_Helicopter_aerial_view_video_of_giant_tsunami_waves
A ferocious tsunami spawned by one of the largest earthquakes on record slammed Japan's eastern coast on Friday, killing hundreds of people as it swept away ...
- published: 11 Mar 2011
- views: 26394141
- author: RussiaToday
Top Ten Pranks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:33
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
From Water Dunks to Flour Pours, Scares, Slaps, Sexy Girls, and Sax Man Serenades, 2011 was another great year for Pranks. Here's some of our favorites! Wate...
http://wn.com/Top_Ten_Pranks
From Water Dunks to Flour Pours, Scares, Slaps, Sexy Girls, and Sax Man Serenades, 2011 was another great year for Pranks. Here's some of our favorites! Wate...
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 11820479
- author: break
Roger Waters + David Gilmour: Comfortably Numb, Live, O2 Arena 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:18
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
David Gilmour joining Roger Waters on The Wall to perform 'Comfortably Numb' at London's O2, May, 2011.
http://wn.com/Roger_Waters_+_David_Gilmour_Comfortably_Numb,_Live,_O2_Arena_2011
David Gilmour joining Roger Waters on The Wall to perform 'Comfortably Numb' at London's O2, May, 2011.
- published: 15 May 2011
- views: 6012457
- author: OfficialPinkFloyd
If You Dont Believe Watch This- Recent Mass UFO Sightings 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:40
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
Demand the truth!
http://wn.com/If_You_Dont_Believe_Watch_This_Recent_Mass_UFO_Sightings_2011
photo: US Army / Publication or comercial use of this material is released by US Army Public Affairs Officer at Ft. Campbell.
29 Apr 2013
April 29 (Reuters) - Tens of millions of U.S. dollars in cash were delivered by the CIA in suitcases, backpacks and plastic shopping bags to the office of Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai for more than a decade, the New York Times says, citing current and former advisers to the Afghan leader ... officials as saying ... The CIA declined to comment on the report and the U.S ... July 18, 2011 to Feb ... July 4, 2010 to July 18, 2011 <em>Caption....(size: 10.2Kb)
photo: AP / Manuel Balce Ceneta
29 Apr 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Indefinite detentions are worse than death, for at least in death there is some type of finality and a sense of closure. For many of the "Indefinite" Detainees at Guantanamo Prison Camp, then, their experience is a living death, a living hell. It is even worse than being confined in small and crowded mesh kennels, or having to endure months of total and extreme isolation ... (1) Mayer, Jane....(size: 6.6Kb)
photo: AP / Itsuo Inouye
28 Apr 2013
Japan marked for the first time Sunday the end of the allied occupation of the country following its defeat in World War II. "We have a responsibility to make Japan a strong and resolute country that others across the world can rely on," Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said at a ceremony in Tokyo that was attended by dignitaries, including Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko ... Reuters reports. ... troops ... Shinzo Abe China Japan South Korea. ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: AP / SANA
29 Apr 2013
Syrian Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi has survived a bomb attack that targeted his convoy in central Damascus, Syrian state media report. "The terrorist explosion in al-Mezzeh was an attempt to target the convoy of the prime minister. Doctor Wael al-Halqi is well and not hurt at all," state television said on Monday ... A total of six people were reportedly killed in the blast ... 207 Source.. Al Jazeera And Agencies ... ....(size: 5.9Kb)
The New York Times
30 Apr 2013
A famine in Somalia in 2011 killed an estimated 260,000 people, half of them under the age of 6, according to a report to be published this week ... Many international aid activists believe that tens of thousands of people died needlessly because outside nations were slow to respond to early signs of approaching hunger in East Africa in late 2010 and early 2011 ... Somalia Famine Deaths (Fatalities) Shabab ... ... » ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
Ha'aretz
30 Apr 2013
Zap2it
30 Apr 2013
The announcement wasn't made public at the time, but during the 2011 basketball season, former Los Angeles Lakers coach Phil Jackson disclosed to the team that he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer ... Jackson shared the diagnosis with his team because he felt they were "lacking something." ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)
Palm Beach Post
30 Apr 2013
A 23-year-old Jupiter man is facing multiple charges stemming from a May 2011 boat crash that left another man critically injured, authorities said. Timothy Doran Jr. is accused of striking a channel marker in the Intracoastal Waterway near Marcinski Road in Jupiter, then fleeing scene ... The May 21, 2011, boat crash left 28-year-old, Kai Woodstock, also of Jupiter, with critical injuries ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
Bloomberg
30 Apr 2013
Gold headed for the biggest monthly loss since December 2011, as assets in bullion-backed exchange- traded products shrank by the most on record, countering an increase in demand for physical metal. Bullion for immediate delivery fell as much as 0.3 percent to $1,472.05 an ounce, and traded at $1,474 by 8.36 a.m. in Singapore ... Silver fell 0.2 percent to $24.5125 an ounce, 14 percent lower this month, the worst loss since December 2011 ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
The Daily Telegraph Australia
30 Apr 2013
A CEMENT truck driver's impatience as he tried to overtake a young Brisbane cyclist dragging him for 25m with the rear tyres may have cost the cyclist his life, a court has heard. Richard Pollett, 25, was killed in the crash, which took place on Moggill Rd at Kenmore at 1.30pm on September 27, 2011 ... Mr Lehane said Mr Pollett was struck by the rear wheels of the truck and killed ... The speed limit on Moggill Rd was 50km/h ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
The Inquisitr
30 Apr 2013
Posted. April 29, 2013. Phil Jackson revealed that he had prostate cancer in a new book. The sure fire hall-of-fame coach apparently was diagnosed with prostrate cancer during the NBA season but waited until the off-season to actually have surgery. While the season was going on, the coach opted to take medication designed to control the disease so that he wouldn’t miss as much time ... Gasol said that it was, “Shocking ... Category ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
Formula1 Blog
30 Apr 2013
Select Month April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January ......(size: 5.0Kb)
noodls
30 Apr 2013
Young people under youth justice supervision typically spent about 6 months either in the community or in detention, in 2011-12, according to a report released today by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). The report, Youth justice in Australia 2011-12 ... It shows the median duration of periods of supervision that were completed during 2011-12 was 78 days, or about 11 weeks ... Youth Justice in australia 2011-12....(size: 3.2Kb)
The New York Times
30 Apr 2013
Select Month April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January ......(size: 5.8Kb)
Huffington Post
30 Apr 2013
The Green Day frontman was asked to leave a Southwest flight in September 2011 for <a href=""http.//www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/02/billie-joe-armstrong-gree_n_947397.html"" target="_hplink">having pants that hung too low</a> ... Country star John Rich, of Lonestar and Big & Rich, got into hot water with Southwest in December 2011....(size: 4.8Kb)
The New York Times
30 Apr 2013
Select Month April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January ......(size: 8.5Kb)
The New York Times
30 Apr 2013
Select Month April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January ......(size: 9.1Kb)
This article is about the year 2011. For the number (and other uses), see 2011 (number).
| Millennium: | 3rd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 20th century – 21st century – 22nd century |
| Decades: | 1980s 1990s 2000s – 2010s – 2020s 2030s 2040s |
| Years: | 2008 2009 2010 – 2011 – 2012 2013 2014 |
| Gregorian calendar | 2011 MMXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2764 |
| Armenian calendar | 1460 ԹՎ ՌՆԿ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6761 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 167–168 |
| Bengali calendar | 1418 |
| Berber calendar | 2961 |
| British Regnal year | 59 Eliz. 2 – 60 Eliz. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2555 |
| Burmese calendar | 1373 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7519–7520 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚寅年十一月廿七日 (4647/4707-11-27) — to —
辛卯年十二月初七日(4648/4708-12-7) |
| Coptic calendar | 1727–1728 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 2003–2004 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5771–5772 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 2067–2068 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1933–1934 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5112–5113 |
| Holocene calendar | 12011 |
| Iranian calendar | 1389–1390 |
| Islamic calendar | 1432–1433 |
| Japanese calendar | Heisei 23 (平成23年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4344 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 100 民國100年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2554 |
| Unix time | 1293840000–1325375999 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 2011 |
2011 (MMXI) was a common year that started on a Saturday in the Gregorian calendar. It was the 2011th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations; the 11th year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 2nd of the 2010s.
The United Nations designated 2011 as the International Year of Forests and the International Year of Chemistry.[1] It was marked by a wave of revolutions in the Arab World known as the Arab Spring, including the beginnings of several unresolved protest movements and armed conflicts.
Events[link]
January[link]
- January 1 – Estonia officially adopts the euro currency and becomes the seventeenth eurozone country.[2]
- January 4 – Tunisian street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi dies after setting himself on fire a month earlier, sparking anti-government protests in Tunisia and later other Arab nations. These protests become known collectively as the Arab Spring.[3][4]
- January 9–15 – Southern Sudan holds a referendum on independence. The Sudanese electorate votes in favour of independence, paving the way for the creation of the new state in July.[5][6]
- January 11 – Flooding and mudslides in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro kills 903.[7]
- January 14 – Arab Spring: The Tunisian government falls after a month of increasingly violent protests; President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali flees to Saudi Arabia after 23 years in power.[8][9]
- January 24 – 37 people are killed and more than 180 others wounded in a bombing at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow, Russia.[10][11][12]
February[link]
- February 11 – Arab Spring: Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak resigns after widespread protests calling for his departure, leaving control of Egypt in the hands of the military until a general election can be held.[13]
- February 22 - March 14 – Uncertainty over Libyan oil output causes crude oil prices to rise 20% over a two-week period following the Arab Spring,[14] causing the 2011 energy crisis.
March[link]
- March 11 – A 9.1-magnitude[15] earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of Japan, killing 15,840 and leaving another 3,926 missing. Tsunami warnings are issued in 50 countries and territories. Emergencies are declared at four nuclear power plants affected by the quake.[16]
- March 15 – Arab Spring: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain declares a three-month state of emergency as troops from the Gulf Co-operation Council are sent to quell the civil unrest.[17][18]
- March 17 – Arab Spring and the 2011 Libyan civil war: The United Nations Security Council votes 10-0 to create a no-fly zone over Libya in response to allegations of government aggression against civilians.[19]
- March 19 – Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: In light of continuing attacks on Libyan rebels by forces in support of leader Muammar Gaddafi,[20] military intervention authorized under UNSCR 1973 begins as French fighter jets make reconnaissance flights over Libya.[21]
April[link]
- April 11 – Former Ivorian President Laurent Gbagbo is arrested in his home in Abidjan by supporters of elected President Alassane Ouattara with support from French forces thereby ending the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis and civil war.[22]
- April 29 – An estimated two billion people[23] watch the wedding of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine Middleton at Westminster Abbey in London.
May[link]
- May 1 – U.S. President Barack Obama announces that Osama bin Laden, the founder and leader of the militant group Al-Qaeda, has been killed during an American military operation in Pakistan.[24]
- May 16 – The European Union agree to €78 billion rescue deal for Portugal. The bailout loan will be equally split between the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism, the European Financial Stability Facility, and the International Monetary Fund.[25]
- May 26 – Former Bosnian Serb Army commander Ratko Mladić, wanted for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, is arrested in Serbia.[26][27]
June[link]
- June 4 – Chile's Puyehue volcano erupts, causing air traffic cancellations across South America, New Zealand, Australia and forcing over 3,000 people to evacuate.
- June 5 – Arab Spring: Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh travels to Saudi Arabia for treatment of an injury sustained during an attack on the presidential palace. Protesters celebrate his transfer of power to his Vice-President Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi.[28]
- June 12 – Arab Spring: Thousands of Syrians flee to Turkey as Syrian troops lay siege to Jisr ash-Shugur.[29]
July[link]
- July 7 – The world's first artificial organ transplant is achieved, using an artificial windpipe coated with stem cells.[30]
- July 9 – South Sudan secedes from Sudan, per the result of the independence referendum held in January.[31]
- July 20
- Goran Hadžić is detained in Serbia, becoming the last of 161 people indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.[32]
- The United Nations declares a famine in southern Somalia, the first in over thirty years.[33]
- July 21 – Space Shuttle Atlantis lands successfully at Kennedy Space Center after completing STS-135, concluding NASA's space shuttle program.[34]
- July 22 – 77 people are killed in twin terrorist attacks in Norway after a bombing in the Regjeringskvartalet government center in Oslo and a shooting at a political youth camp on the island of Utøya.[35][36][37][38]
- July 31
- In Thailand over 12.8 million people are affected by severe flooding. The World Bank estimates damages at 1,440 billion baht (US$45 billion).[39] Some areas are still six feet under water, and many factory areas remained closed at the end of the year. 815[40] people are killed, with 58 of the country's 77 provinces affected.[41]
- Arab Spring: Because of the uncertaintities associated with a clamp-down of the free press, there are believed to be at least 121 people killed in a Syrian Army tank raid on the town of Hama and over 150 people are reportedly killed across the country.[42][43][44] The total dead throughout Syria may never be known, but an estimate as of September 24 is 3,000.
August[link]
- August 5
- NASA announces that its Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has captured photographic evidence of possible liquid water on Mars during warm seasons.
- Juno, the first solar-powered spacecraft on a mission to Jupiter, is launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.[45]
- August 20–28 – Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: In the Battle of Tripoli, Libyan rebels take control of the nation's capital, effectively overthrowing the government of Muammar Gaddafi.[46][47][48]
September[link]
- September 5 – India and Bangladesh sign a pact to end their 40-year border demarcation dispute.[49]
- September 10 – Zanzibar ferry sinking: The MV Spice Islander I, carrying at least 800 people, sinks off the coast of Zanzibar, killing 240 people.[50]
- September 12 – Approximately 100 people die after a petrol pipeline explodes in Nairobi.[51]
- September 17 – Occupy Wall Street protests begin in the United States. This develops into the Occupy movement which spreads to 82 countries by October.[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]
- September 19 – With 434 dead, the United Nations launches a $357 million appeal for victims of the 2011 Sindh floods in Pakistan.[61]
October[link]
- October 4
- 2011 Mogadishu bombing: 100[62] people are killed in a car bombing in the Somali capital Mogadishu.[63]
- The death toll from the flooding of Cambodia's Mekong River and attendant flash floods reaches 207.[64][65]
- October 18 – Israel and the Palestinian militant organization Hamas begin a major prisoner swap, in which the captured Israeli Army soldier Gilad Shalit is released by Hamas in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian and Israeli-Arab prisoners held in Israel, including 280 prisoners serving life sentences for planning and perpetrating terror attacks.[66][67][68]
- October 20
- Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is killed in Sirte, with National Transitional Council forces taking control of the city, and ending the war.[69][70][71][72]
- Basque separatist militant organisation ETA declares an end to its 43-year campaign of political violence, which has killed over 800 people since 1968.[73]
- October 23 – A magnitude 7.2 Mw earthquake jolted eastern Turkey near the city of Van, killing 604 people, and damaging about 2,200 buildings.[74]
- October 27 – After an emergency meeting in Brussels, the European Union announced an agreement to tackle the European sovereign debt crisis which includes a writedown of 50% of Greek bonds, a recapitalisation of European banks and an increase of the bailout fund of the European Financial Stability Facility totaling to €1 trillion.[75][76]
- October 31
- Date selected by the UN as the symbolic date when global population reaches seven billion.[77]
- UNESCO admitted Palestine as a member, following a vote in which 107 member states supported and 14 opposed.[78]
November[link]
- November 26 – The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity, the most elaborate Martian exploration vehicle to date, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center. It is slated to land on Mars on August 5, 2012.[79][80][81]
December[link]
- December 15 – The United States formally declares an end to the Iraq War.[82][83][84][85][86]
- December 16 – Tropical Storm Washi causes 1,268 flash flood fatalities in the Philippines with 85 people officially listed as missing.[87]
- December 29 – Samoa and Tokelau move from east to west of the International Date Line, thereby skipping December 30, in order to align their time zones better with their main trading partners.[87]
Deaths[link]
Main article: Deaths in 2011
Further information: Category:2011 deaths
January[link]
- January 2
- Anne Francis, American actress (b. 1930)
- Pete Postlethwaite, British actor (b. 1946)
- Richard Winters, American paratrooper (b. 1918)
- January 4
- Prince Ali-Reza Pahlavi of Iran (b. 1966)
- Gerry Rafferty, Scottish musician (b. 1947)
- January 15
- Nat Lofthouse, English footballer (b. 1925)
- Susannah York, British actress (b. 1939)
- January 18 – Sargent Shriver, American politician and diplomat (b. 1915)
- January 21 – Dennis Oppenheim, American artist (b. 1938)
- January 24 – Bernd Eichinger, German film producer and director (b. 1949)
- January 29 – Milton Babbitt, American composer (b. 1916)
- January 30 – John Barry, English composer (b. 1933)
February[link]
- February 3 – Maria Schneider, French actress (b. 1952)
- February 5 – Brian Jacques, British author (b. 1939)
- February 6
- Josefa Iloilo, 3rd President of Fiji (b. 1920)
- Gary Moore, Irish musician (b. 1952)
- February 8 – Cesare Rubini, Italian basketball player and coach (b. 1923)
- February 14 – George Shearing, British-American jazz pianist (b. 1919)
- February 27 – Necmettin Erbakan, 25th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1926)
- February 28 – Jane Russell, American actress (b. 1921)
March[link]
- March 4
- Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, 30th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1924)
- Simon van der Meer, Dutch Nobel physicist (b. 1925)
- March 5 – Alberto Granado, Cuban writer and scientist (b. 1922)
- March 6 – Ján Popluhár, Slovak footballer (b. 1935)
- March 15 – Nate Dogg, American rapper (b. 1969)
- March 17 – Michael Gough, British actor (b. 1916)
- March 18 – Warren Christopher, American diplomat (b. 1925)
- March 21 – Nikolai Andrianov, Soviet-Russian gymnast (b. 1952)
- March 23 – Elizabeth Taylor, British-American actress (b. 1932)
- March 26
- Paul Baran, Polish-American computer engineer (b. 1926)
- Geraldine Ferraro, American politician (b. 1935)
- Diana Wynne Jones, British writer (b. 1934)
- March 27 – Farley Granger, American actor (b. 1925)
- March 29 – José Alencar, Brazilian politician (b. 1931)
April[link]
- April 5
- Baruch Samuel Blumberg, American physician (b. 1925)
- Ange-Félix Patassé, 5th President of the Central African Republic (b. 1937)
- April 9 – Sidney Lumet, American film director (b. 1924)
- April 14 – William Lipscomb, American chemist (b. 1919)
- April 19 – Grete Waitz, Norwegian athlete (b. 1953)
- April 24 – Sathya Sai Baba, Indian spiritual leader (b. 1926)
- April 30 – Ernesto Sabato, Argentine writer (b. 1911)
May[link]
- May 2 – Osama bin Laden, Saudi-born leader of Al-Qaeda (b. 1957)
- May 3 – Jackie Cooper, American actor (b. 1922)
- May 7
- Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer (b. 1957)
- Willard Boyle, Canadian Nobel physicist (b. 1924)
- May 9 – Lidia Gueiler Tejada, 67th President of Bolivia (b. 1921)
- May 16 – Samuel Wanjiru, Kenyan athlete (b. 1986)
- May 19 – Garret FitzGerald, 7th Taoiseach of Ireland (b. 1926)
- May 20 – Randy Savage, American professional wrestler (b. 1952)
- May 27
- Jeff Conaway, American actor (b. 1950)
- Gil Scott-Heron, American poet and musician (b. 1949)
- May 29
- Sergei Bagapsh, Georgian-born politician (b. 1949)
- Ferenc Mádl, 2nd President of Hungary (b. 1931)
- May 30 – Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist (b. 1921)
- May 31 – Pauline Betz, American tennis player (b. 1919)
June[link]
- June 3 – Jack Kevorkian, American euthanasia advocate (b. 1928)
- June 4 – Lawrence Eagleburger, American diplomat (b. 1930)
- June 7 – Jorge Semprún, Spanish writer and politician (b. 1923)
- June 9 – M.F. Hussain, Indian painter (b. 1915)
- June 10 – Patrick Leigh Fermor, British travel writer, scholar and soldier (b. 1915)
- June 18
- Frederick Chiluba, 2nd President of Zambia (b. 1943)
- Clarence Clemons, American musician and actor (b. 1942)
- June 23 – Peter Falk, American actor (b. 1927)
July[link]
- July 2 – Itamar Franco, 37th President of Brazil (b. 1930)
- July 4 – Archduke Otto of Austria (b. 1912)
- July 5 – Cy Twombly, American painter (b. 1928)
- July 8 – Betty Ford, American feminist, activist, and philanthropist (b. 1918)
- July 10 – Roland Petit, French choreographer and dancer (b. 1924)
- July 12 – Tom Gehrels, American astronomer (b. 1925)
- July 17 – Juan Maria Bordaberry, 36th President of Uruguay (b. 1928)
- July 20 – Lucian Freud, German-born British painter (b. 1922)
- July 23
- Robert Ettinger, American academic (b. 1918)
- Nguyen Cao Ky, 8th Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam (b. 1930)
- Amy Winehouse, British singer (b. 1983)
- July 25 – Mihalis Kakogiannis, Cypriot filmmaker (b. 1922)
- July 28 – Abdul Fatah Younis, Libyan army commander (b. 1944)
- July 30 – Mario Echandi Jiménez, 47th President of Costa Rica (b. 1915)
August[link]
- August 2 – Baruj Benacerraf, Venezuelan-born American Nobel immunologist (b. 1920)
- August 3 – Bubba Smith, American football player and actor (b. 1945)
- August 7
- Harri Holkeri, 57th Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1937)
- Nancy Wake, New Zealand-born French Resistance fighter (b. 1912)
- August 14 – Shammi Kapoor, Indian film actor and director (b. 1931)
- August 16 – Andrej Bajuk, 3rd Prime Minister of the Republic of Slovenia (b. 1943)
- August 19 – Raúl Ruiz, Chilean film director (b. 1941)
- August 22 – Jack Layton, Canadian politician (b. 1950)
- August 31 – Valery Rozhdestvensky, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (b. 1939)
September[link]
- September 7
- Pavol Demitra, Slovakian hockey player (b. 1974)
- Stefan Liv, Polish-born Swedish hockey player (b. 1980)
- Ruslan Salei, Belarusian hockey player (b. 1974)
- Kārlis Skrastiņš, Latvian hockey player (b. 1974)
- September 10 – Cliff Robertson, American actor (b. 1923)
- September 11 – Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor and model (b. 1972)
- September 13 – Richard Hamilton, British painter and collage artist (b. 1922)
- September 14 – Rudolf Mössbauer, German Nobel physicist (b. 1929)
- September 19 – George Cadle Price, 1st Prime Minister of Belize (b. 1919)
- September 20 – Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996 (b. 1940)
- September 22 – Aristides Pereira, 1st President of Cape Verde (b. 1923)
- September 25 – Wangari Maathai, Kenyan veterinary anatomist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1940)
- September 27 – Imre Makovecz, Hungarian architect (b. 1935)
- September 30
- Anwar al-Awlaki, American-born terrorist and Islamist militant (b. 1971)
- Ralph M. Steinman, Canadian Nobel immunologist and cell biologist (b. 1943)
October[link]
- October 1 – Sven Tumba, Swedish hockey player (b. 1931)
- October 5
- Steve Jobs, American computer entrepreneur (b. 1955)
- Charles Napier, American actor (b. 1936)
- October 6 – Diane Cilento, Australian actress (b. 1933)
- October 7 – Ramiz Alia, 1st President of Albania (b. 1925)
- October 12 – Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist (b. 1941)
- October 16 – Dan Wheldon, English racing car driver (b. 1978)
- October 20 – Muammar Gaddafi, Libyan leader (b. 1942)
- October 22 – Sultan, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia (b. 1930)
- October 23
- Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician and Nobel laureate in chemistry (b. 1917)
- Marco Simoncelli, Italian motorcycle road racer (b. 1987)
- October 24 – John McCarthy, American computer scientist (b. 1927)
- October 31 – Flórián Albert, Hungarian footballer (b. 1941)
November[link]
- November 4 – Alfonso Cano, Colombian militant leader (b. 1948)
- November 5 – Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr., American Nobel physicist (b. 1915)
- November 7 – Joe Frazier, American boxer (b. 1944)
- November 9 – Har Gobind Khorana, Indian-born American Nobel biochemist (b. 1922)
- November 21 – Anne McCaffrey, American writer (b. 1926)
- November 22 – Paul Motian, American jazz drummer (b. 1931)
- November 25 – Vasily Alekseyev, Soviet-Russian weightlifter (b. 1942)
- November 27
- Ken Russell, British film director (b. 1927)
- Gary Speed, Welsh footballer and coach (b. 1969)
- November 28
- Ante Marković, 9th Prime Minister of SFR Yugoslavia (b. 1924)
- Charles Thomas Kowal, American astronomer (b. 1940)
December[link]
- December 1 – Christa Wolf, German writer (b. 1929)
- December 4 – Sócrates, Brazilian footballer (b. 1954)
- December 5 – Violetta Villas, Polish singer (b. 1938)
- December 7 – Harry Morgan, American actor (b. 1915)
- December 8 – Sir Zelman Cowan, 19th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1919)
- December 14 – Joe Simon, American comic book writer and artist (b. 1913)
- December 15 – Christopher Hitchens, British-American writer (b. 1949)
- December 17
- Cesária Évora, Cape Verdean singer (b. 1941)
- Kim Jong-il, Supreme Leader of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (b. 1941)
- December 18 – Václav Havel, Czech playwright, 10th President of Czechoslovakia and 1st President of the Czech Republic (b. 1936)
- December 24 – Johannes Heesters, Dutch actor and singer (b. 1903)
- December 27
- Clifford Darling, 4th Governor-General of the Bahamas (b. 1922)
- Helen Frankenthaler, American abstract expressionist painter (b. 1928)
Nobel Prizes[link]
- Chemistry – Dan Shechtman[88]
- Economics – Christopher A. Sims and Thomas J. Sargent[89]
- Literature – Tomas Tranströmer[90]
- Peace – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakel Karman[91]
- Physics – Saul Perlmutter, Adam G. Riess, and Brian P. Schmidt[92]
- Physiology or Medicine – Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann, and Ralph M. Steinman[93]
Major religious holidays[link]
- January 6 – Christmas (celebrated by the Armenian Church)
- January 7 – Christmas (Eastern Christianity)
- February 1 – Imbolc, a cross-quarter day
- March 8 – Shrove Tuesday (Mardi Gras), end of Carnival season
- March 9 – Ash Wednesday (first day of Lent)
- March 20 – Holi
- March 21 – (Northern hemisphere) Vernal equinox, also known as Ostara & Persian New Year
- April 18 – Passover begins at sundown
- April 24 – Easter (Western and Orthodox)
- May 1 – Beltane, a Cross-quarter day
- May 17 – Vesak (Buddhism)
- June 7 – Shavuot begins
- August 1
- Ramadan begins (Islam)
- Lammas, a Cross-quarter day
- August 31 – Eid al-Fitr
- September 1 – Ganesh Chaturthi
- September 11 – Anant Chaturdashi
- September 23 – (Northern hemisphere) Autumnal equinox, also known as Mabon
- September 28 – Rosh Hashana begins at sundown
- October 2 to October 6 – Durga Puja
- October 7 – Yom Kippur begins at sundown
- October 26 – Diwali, a religious holiday in Hinduism
- November 6 – Eid al-Adha
- November 26 – Islamic New Year
- December 20 – Hanukkah begins at sundown
- December 25 – Christmas (Western Christianity)
In fiction[link]
Main article: Works of fiction set in 2011
References[link]
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- ^ "Population seven billion: UN sets out challenges". BBC News. 2011-10-26. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-15459643. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
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- ^ Dunn, Marcia (26 November 2011). "NASA launches world’s largest rover to Mars". The Globe and Mail. The Associated Press (Cape Canaveral, Florida). http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/science/nasa-launches-worlds-largest-rover-to-mars/article2250839/.
- ^ Klotz, Irene (27 November 2011). "NASA rover launched to seek out life clues on Mars". Reuters. Cape Canaveral, Florida. http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/11/26/uk-space-mars-idUKTRE7AP0EV20111126.
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- ^ "US flag ceremony ends Iraq operation". BBC. December 15, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16192105. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
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- ^ "US lowers flag to end Iraq war". Associated Press. December 15, 2011. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/us-lowers-flag-to-end-iraq-war-6277340.html. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
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- ^ Mak, Tim (December 15, 2011). "Leon Panetta marks end of Iraq war". POLITICO.com. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1211/70480.html. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
- ^ a b "Effects of Tropical Storm "Sendong" (Washi) and Emergency Operations". Phillippines: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. 30 December 2011. http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/358/NDRRMC%20Update%20SitRep%20No%2023%20re%20TS%20SENDONG.pdf. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011". Nobel Foundation. 2011-10-05. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2011/press.html. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Economics 2011". Nobel Foundation. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2011/. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011". Nobel Foundation. 2011-10-06. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2011/. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
- ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2011". Nobel Foundation. 2011-10-07. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2011/. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
- ^ "The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics - Press Release". Nobelprize.org. 2011-10-04. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/press.html. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011". Nobelprize.org. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
http://wn.com/2011
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Seth Meyers | |
|---|---|
 Meyers at the Time 100 Gala, May 4, 2010. |
|
| Birth name | Seth Adam Meyers |
| Born | (1973-12-28) December 28, 1973 (age 38) Evanston, Illinois, U.S. |
| Medium | Television, film |
| Nationality | American |
| Years active | 2001–present |
| Genres | Satire/political satire/news satire, improvisational comedy, sketch comedy |
| Subject(s) | American politics, American culture, current events, pop culture, mass media/news media |
| Notable works and roles | Weekend Update anchor on Saturday Night Live |
Seth Adam Meyers (born December 28, 1973) is an American actor and comedian. He currently serves as head writer for Saturday Night Live and hosts its news parody segment Weekend Update.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Meyers was born in Evanston, Illinois,[1] the son of Hilary Claire (née Olson), a middle school French teacher, and Laurence Meyers, Jr.[2][3] He attended Manchester High School West in Manchester, New Hampshire. He went on to graduate from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, where he was a member of the fraternity Phi Gamma Delta. Meyers is the older brother of Josh Meyers, who was best known as a cast member of MADtv.
Career[link]
Before SNL, Meyers got his improv comedy start as a member of the Northwestern University improv sketch group Mee-Ow, created by Paul Warshauer and Josh Lazar. He continued his career at ImprovOlympic with the group Preponderate as well as overseas as a cast member of Boom Chicago, an English language improv troupe based in Amsterdam,[4] where his brother was also a cast member.[5]
Meyers appeared with Brendan Fraser and Anita Briem in the 2008 3D film Journey to the Center of the Earth. He also makes a cameo in the 2008 film Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist as a drunk man who mistakes the main character's Yugo for a taxi. Meyers is currently writing and will star in a movie called Key Party. He also starred in the 2004 comedy See This Movie with John Cho.[6][7] In July 2008, Meyers directed the web series The Line on Crackle.[8] Meyers has hosted the Webby Awards twice, in 2008 and 2009. In 2009, Meyers hosted the Microsoft Company Meeting at Safeco Field in Seattle, WA.[9] Meyers hosted the 2010 and 2011 ESPY Awards on ESPN.[10] In 2011, Seth Meyers was the keynote speaker at the White House Correspondents Association Dinner on April 30; during his introductory remarks, he made a joke about Osama bin Laden's actions while in hiding,[11] unaware that US intelligence had found bin Laden and he would be dead within hours.
[edit] Saturday Night Live
Meyers joined the SNL cast in 2001.[5] In 2005, he was promoted to writing supervisor,[citation needed] and in January 2006 he became co-head writer, sharing the role with Tina Fey and Andrew Steele.[12] In 2004, he auditioned to co-anchor "Weekend Update" with Fey, but lost out to Amy Poehler.[13] With Fey's departure, Meyers became head writer for the 2006–2007 season and also took on the role of Weekend Update co-anchor with Amy Poehler.[14][15] Since Poehler left the show during the 2008–2009 season, Meyers has anchored solo. In fall 2009, Meyers co-anchored two episodes of Saturday Night Live Weekend Update Thursday with Poehler.[citation needed]
During the 2008 United States presidential election,[16] while appearing on The Late Show with David Letterman, former SNL cast member Fey credited Meyers with writing the sketches involving Fey's impression of Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin.
On SNL, Meyers has impersonated such figures as John Kerry,[5] Michael Caine, Anderson Cooper, Carrot Top, Prince Charles, Ryan Seacrest, Sean Penn,[5] Stone Phillips,[5] Tobey Maguire, Peyton Manning, Ben Curtis (also known as the Dell Dude), Ty Pennington, Bill Cowher, Brian Williams, Nicollette Sheridan, Wade Robson, Donald Trump, Jr., Tom Cruise, and Kevin Federline. His recurring characters include Zach Ricky, host of the kids' hidden camera show "Pranksters"; Nerod, the receptionist in the recurring sketch "Appalachian Emergency Room"; David Zinger, a scientist who often insults his fellow workers; DJ Johnathan Feinstein, the DJ on the webcam show "Jarett's Room"; Dan Needler, half of a married couple "that should be divorced," (opposite Amy Poehler); William Fitzpatrick, from the Irish talk show "Top o' the Morning," and Boston Powers (one of the comedians in the "Original Kings of Catchphrase Comedy" series). In the season 29 episode hosted by Lindsay Lohan, he did an impression of Ron Weasley in a parody of Harry Potter.
Meyers supported and picketed during the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. When interviewed he said, "We all know how lucky we are to have the jobs we have. We're not asking for much. You have to change the rules because people are watching TV in a different way."[17] Even so, he mentioned in interviews that he regretted missing much of the presidential election primary season.[18][19]
Meyers is currently the longest tenured Saturday Night Live cast member, having been a member since Season 27.
Other pursuits[link]
Meyers won the third season of Bravo's Celebrity Poker Showdown and donated the $100,000 prize to the Boston-based Jimmy Fund.[20][21] In 2008, Meyers donated over $4,000 to Barack Obama's presidential campaign.[22] Meyers and SNL castmate Bill Hader penned a Spider-Man one-shot entitled "The Short Halloween". It was illustrated by Kevin Maguire and came out May 29, 2009, to positive reviews. Meyers, along with Mike Shoemaker of SNL, created an animated half-hour series "The Awesomes" that was picked up by MTV and will be produced by Lorne Michaels's production company, Broadway Video.[23] He was also a guest speaker at the 2011 White House Press Correspondents Dinner.
Personal life[link]
Meyers is an avid fan of the Boston Red Sox, Boston Celtics, the Pittsburgh Steelers (his father being a Pittsburgh native), and West Ham United in the English Premier League.[24][25] He is the older brother of actor Josh Meyers.
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Other Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | See This Movie | Jake Barrymore | |
| Maestro | Tim Healy | ||
| 2005 | Perception | Steven | |
| The Adventures of Big Handsome Guy and his Little Friend | Disgruntled Dork | ||
| 2006 | American Dreamz | Chet Krogl | |
| 2007 | Spring Breakdown | William Rushfield | |
| 2008 | Journey to the Center of the Earth | Professor Alan Kitzens | |
| Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist | Drunk Guy in Yugo | ||
| 2011 | I Don't Know How She Does It | Chris Bunce | |
| New Year's Eve | Griffin |
References[link]
- ^ http://www.dailynorthwestern.com/current/q-a-with-seth-meyers-northwestern-homecoming-parade-grand-marshal-1.2655985#.TqbMrZxZgX6
- ^ Proulxmonitor, Kristin (February 28, 2003). Concord Monitor. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CMOB&p_theme=cmob&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0FF0DD1F65304F47&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM.
- ^ "Miss Hilary Olson marries Mr. Meyers". Boston Globe. July 5, 1970. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/1946965372.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Jul+05%2C+1970&author=&pub=Boston+Globe+(1960-1979)&desc=Miss+Hilary+Olson+marries+Mr.+Meyers&pqatl=google.
- ^ Rapkin, Mickey (September 10, 2004), "Going Dutch". Entertainment Weekly. (782/783):18
- ^ a b c d e Biography from the NBC website
- ^ www.imdb.com/name/nm1024878/
- ^ Seth Meyers at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "For anybody that's ever waited in line to see a movie / Star Trek". Star Trek Phase II. July 26, 2008. http://www.startreknewvoyages.com/forum/index.php?topic=5588.0. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
- ^ "Seth Meyers to emcee Microsoft Company Meeting at Safeco". Seattle PI – The Microsoft Blog. September 3, 2009. http://blog.seattlepi.com/microsoft/archives/178261.asp?source=rss. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
- ^ "Seth Meyers to Host ESPYs Again". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Seth-Meyers-ESPYs-1023405.aspx. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0i7V4NSCFxM
- ^ SNL undergoing another generational shift, an AP article from The Arizona Republic website
- ^ Gary Levin (September 29, 2006), "'SNL' will update its Weekend Update". USA Today
- ^ "Fey, Dratch Give Up Saturday Night". E! Online), eonline.com. July 24, 2006. http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=b1b31fb1-7238-4341-9348-425c793c0853. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- ^ "Seth Meyers will coanchor Weekend Update". tv.com). September 22, 2006. http://www.tv.com/story/6449.html. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- ^ Scholibo, Corey (January 13, 2008), "Tina Fey". Advocate. (1022):65
- ^ Levin, Gary (November 6, 2007), "Late night without Letterman, Leno ...". USA TODAY.
- ^ Levin, Gary (February 20, 2008). "Weekend update: 'SNL' is back in the race". USA Today.
- ^ Meyers, Seth (February 29, 2008), "SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE". Entertainment Weekly (980):40
- ^ NH Magazine's It List
- ^ Anft, Michael (May 12, 2005), "Win, Lose, or Draw?". Chronicle of Philanthropy. 17 (15):25–27
- ^ Celebrity Political Donations/Seth Meyers, newsmeat.com/
- ^ [1]
- ^ A. D. (July 16, 2007), "Andy Samberg". Sports Illustrated. 107 (2):24
- ^ Sheridan, Patricia (January 4, 2010). "Patricia Sheridan's Breakfast With ... Seth Meyers". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/10004/1025097-129.stm.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Seth Meyers |
- Seth Meyers at the Internet Movie Database
- Seth Meyers on Twitter
- Seth Meyers on National Public Radio in 2008
- Official SNL cast biography
- Live from New York: It’s Sunday Afternoon! conversation with Fred Armisen, Andy Samberg, Jason Sudeikis, Kenan Thompson, and Kristen Wiig at The New Yorker Festival, October 2010
| Media offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Tina Fey and Amy Poehler |
Weekend Update Anchor with Amy Poehler 2006–2008 2006–current |
Succeeded by Current |
| Preceded by Tina Fey 1999–2005 |
SNL Head Writers with Tina Fey 2005–2006 2006–current |
Succeeded by Current |
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Meyers, Seth |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | December 28, 1973 |
| Place of birth | Bedford, New Hampshire, US |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Seth_Meyers
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth_Meyers
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Asimov" redirects here. For other uses, see Asimov (disambiguation).
| Isaac Asimov | |
|---|---|
 Asimov in 1965 |
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| Born | Isaak Yudovich Ozimov Between October 4, 1919 and January 2, 1920[1] Petrovichi, Russian SFSR |
| Died | April 6, 1992(1992-04-06) (aged 72) New York City, New York, United States |
| Occupation | Novelist, short story writer, essayist, historian, Professor of biochemistry, textbook writer, humorist |
| Nationality | American |
| Ethnicity | Russian Jewish |
| Education | Columbia University, PhD. Biochemistry, 1948 |
| Genres | Science fiction (hard SF), popular science, mystery fiction, essays, literary criticism |
| Literary movement | Golden Age of Science Fiction |
| Notable work(s) | The Foundation Series, the Robot Series, Nightfall, The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science, I, Robot, Planets for Man |
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Isaac Asimov (/ˈaɪzək ˈæzɨməv/ EYE-zək AZ-i-məv; born Isaak Yudovich Ozimov, Russian: Исаак Юдович Озимов; Yiddish: אייזיק יודאָוויטש אסימאוו; c. January 2, 1920[1] – April 6, 1992) was an American author and professor of biochemistry at Boston University, best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books. Asimov was one of the most prolific writers of all time, having written or edited more than 500 books and an estimated 90,000 letters and postcards.[2] His works have been published in all ten major categories of the Dewey Decimal System (although his only work in the 100s—which covers philosophy and psychology—was a foreword for The Humanist Way).[3]
Asimov is widely considered a master of hard science fiction and, along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke, he was considered one of the "Big Three" science fiction writers during his lifetime.[4] Asimov's most famous work is the Foundation Series;[5] his other major series are the Galactic Empire series and the Robot series, both of which he later tied into the same fictional universe as the Foundation Series to create a unified "future history" for his stories much like those pioneered by Robert A. Heinlein and previously produced by Cordwainer Smith and Poul Anderson.[6] He wrote many short stories, among them "Nightfall", which in 1964 was voted by the Science Fiction Writers of America the best short science fiction story of all time. Asimov wrote the Lucky Starr series of juvenile science-fiction novels using the pen name Paul French.[7]
The prolific Asimov also wrote mysteries and fantasy, as well as much non-fiction. Most of his popular science books explain scientific concepts in a historical way, going as far back as possible to a time when the science in question was at its simplest stage. He often provides nationalities, birth dates, and death dates for the scientists he mentions, as well as etymologies and pronunciation guides for technical terms. Examples include Guide to Science, the three volume set Understanding Physics, Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery, as well as works on astronomy, mathematics, the Bible, William Shakespeare's writing and chemistry.
Asimov was a long-time member and Vice President of Mensa International, albeit reluctantly; he described some members of that organization as "brain-proud and aggressive about their IQs."[8] He took more joy in being president of the American Humanist Association.[9] The asteroid 5020 Asimov, a crater on the planet Mars,[10] a Brooklyn, New York elementary school, and one Isaac Asimov literary award are named in his honor.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Asimov was born sometime between October 4, 1919 and January 2, 1920[1] in Petrovichi in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (near the modern border with Belarus) to Anna Rachel Berman Asimov and Judah Asimov, a family of Jewish millers. While his exact date of birth is uncertain, Asimov himself celebrated it on January 2.[1]
The family name derives from озимые (ozimiye), a Russian word for winter grains in which his great-grandfather dealt, to which a patronymic suffix was added. His name in Russian was originally Isaak Ozimov (Russian: Исаак Озимов); but he was later known in Russia as Ayzyek Azimov (Айзек Азимов),[11] a Russian Cyrillic adaptation of the American English pronunciation.
Asimov had two younger siblings; a sister, Marcia (born Manya,[12] June 17, 1922-April 2, 2011[13]), and a brother, Stanley (July 25, 1929-August 16, 1995[14]), who was vice-president of New York Newsday.[15][16].
His family emigrated to the United States when he was three years old. Since his parents always spoke Yiddish and English with him, he never learned Russian.[17] Growing up in Brooklyn, New York City, Asimov taught himself to read at the age of five[18] and remained fluent in Yiddish as well as English.[19] Asimov wrote of his father, "My father, for all his education as an Orthodox Jew, was not Orthodox in his heart", and "he didn't recite the myriad prayers prescribed for every action, and he never made any attempt to teach them to me."[20]
His parents owned a succession of candy stores, and everyone in the family was expected to work in them.
Education and career[link]
Asimov began reading science fiction pulp magazines at a young age.[21] His father, as a matter of principle, forbade reading the pulps, as he considered them to be trash, but Asimov persuaded him that the science fiction magazines had "Science" in the title, so they were educational. Around the age of eleven, he began to write his own stories, and by age nineteen—after he discovered science fiction fandom—he was selling stories to the science fiction magazines. John W. Campbell, then editor of Astounding Science Fiction, had a strong formative influence on Asimov and eventually became a personal friend.[22]
Asimov attended New York City public schools, including Boys High School, in Brooklyn, New York.[23] Graduating at 15, he went on to Seth Low Junior College, a branch of Columbia University in Brooklyn designed to admit larger numbers of Jewish and Italian-American students at Columbia College, then the institution's primary undergraduate school for men. Originally a zoology major, Asimov changed his subject to chemistry after his first semester as he disapproved of "dissecting an alley cat". After Seth Low Junior College closed in 1938, Asimov finished his BS degree at University Extension (later the Columbia University School of General Studies) in 1939. When he failed to secure admission to medical school, he applied to the graduate program in chemistry at Columbia; initially rejected and then only accepted on a probationary basis, Asimov completed his MA in chemistry in 1941 and earned a PhD in biochemistry in 1948. In between, he spent three years during World War II working as a civilian at the Philadelphia Navy Yard's Naval Air Experimental Station. After the war ended, he was drafted into the U.S. Army, serving for almost nine months before receiving an honorable discharge. In the course of his brief military career, he rose to the rank of corporal on the basis of his typing skills, and narrowly avoided participating in the 1946 atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll.
After completing his doctorate, Asimov joined the faculty of the Boston University School of Medicine, with which he remained associated thereafter.[24] From 1958, this was in a non-teaching capacity, as he turned to writing full-time (his writing income had already exceeded his academic salary). Being tenured meant that he retained the title of associate professor, and in 1979 the university honored his writing by promoting him to full professor of biochemistry. Asimov's personal papers from 1965 onward are archived at the university's Mugar Memorial Library, to which he donated them at the request of curator Howard Gottlieb. The collection fills 464 boxes, or seventy-one meters of shelf space.
Personal life[link]
Asimov married Gertrude Blugerman (1917, Canada–1990, Boston) on July 26, 1942. They had two children, David (b. 1951) and Robyn Joan (b. 1955). In 1970 they separated and Asimov moved back to New York, this time to Manhattan, where he lived for the rest of his life. He immediately began seeing Janet O. Jeppson, and married her two weeks after his divorce from Gertrude in 1973.[25]
Asimov was a claustrophile: he enjoyed small, enclosed spaces.[26] In the third volume of his autobiography, he recalls a childhood desire to own a magazine stand in a New York City Subway station, within which he could enclose himself and listen to the rumble of passing trains while reading.[27]
Asimov was afraid of flying,[28] only doing so twice in his entire life (once in the course of his work at the Naval Air Experimental Station, and once returning home from the army base in Oahu in 1946)[28] He seldom traveled great distances, partly because his aversion to flying complicated the logistics of long-distance travel. This phobia influenced several of his fiction works, such as the Wendell Urth mystery stories and the Robot novels featuring Elijah Baley. In his later years, he found he enjoyed traveling on cruise ships, and on several occasions he became part of the cruises' "entertainment", giving science-themed talks on ships such as the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2.[28]
Asimov was an able public speaker and was a frequent fixture at science fiction conventions, where he was friendly and approachable.[28] He patiently answered tens of thousands of questions and other mail with postcards, and was pleased to give autographs. He was of medium height, stocky, with mutton chop whiskers and a distinct New York accent. His physical dexterity was very poor. He never learned to swim or ride a bicycle; however, he did learn to drive a car after he moved to Boston. In his humor book Asimov Laughs Again, he describes Boston driving as "anarchy on wheels".[29]
Asimov's wide interests included his participation in his later years in organizations devoted to the comic operas of Gilbert and Sullivan[28] and in The Wolfe Pack,[30] a group of devotees of the Nero Wolfe mysteries written by Rex Stout. Many of his short stories mention or quote Gilbert and Sullivan.[31] He was a prominent member of the Baker Street Irregulars, the leading Sherlock Holmes society.[28] He was also a member of the all-male literary banqueting club the Trap Door Spiders, which served as the basis of his fictional group of mystery solvers the Black Widowers.[32]
In 1984, the American Humanist Association (AHA) named him the Humanist of the Year. From 1985 until his death in 1992, he served as president of the AHA, an honorary appointment; his successor was his friend and fellow writer Kurt Vonnegut. He was also a close friend of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry, and earned a screen credit on Star Trek: The Motion Picture for advice he gave during production (generally, confirming to Paramount Pictures that Roddenberry's ideas were legitimate science-fictional extrapolation).
Illness and death[link]
Asimov suffered a heart attack in 1977, and had triple bypass surgery in December 1983. When he died in New York City on April 6, 1992, his brother Stanley reported heart and kidney failure as the cause of death.[33] He was survived by his second wife, Janet, and his children from his first marriage. Ten years after his death, Janet Asimov's edition of Asimov's autobiography, It's Been a Good Life, revealed that the myocardial and renal complications were the result of an infection by HIV, which he had contracted from a blood transfusion received during his bypass operation.[34] Janet Asimov wrote in the epilogue of It's Been a Good Life that Asimov's doctors advised him against going public, warning that the anti-AIDS prejudice would likely extend to his family members. Asimov's family considered disclosing his condition after his death, but the controversy that erupted when Arthur Ashe announced his own HIV infection (also contracted from a blood transfusion during heart surgery) convinced them otherwise. Ten years later, after most of Asimov's doctors had died, Janet and Robyn Asimov agreed that the HIV story should be made public.[35]
Writings[link]
Overview[link]
| Laws of robotics |
|---|
| Three Laws of Robotics by Isaac Asimov (in culture) · Tilden's Laws of Robotics by Mark Tilden |
| Related topics |
| Roboethics · Ethics of AI Friendly AI · Machine ethics |
Asimov's career can be divided into several time periods. His early career, dominated by science fiction, began with short stories in 1939 and novels in 1950. This lasted until about 1958, all but ending after publication of The Naked Sun. He began publishing nonfiction in 1952, co-authoring a college-level textbook called Biochemistry and Human Metabolism. Following the brief orbit of the first man-made satellite Sputnik I by the USSR in 1957, his production of nonfiction, particularly popular science books, greatly increased, with a consequent drop in his science fiction output. Over the next quarter century, he wrote only four science fiction novels. Starting in 1982, the second half of his science fiction career began with the publication of Foundation's Edge. From then until his death, Asimov published several more sequels and prequels to his existing novels, tying them together in a way he had not originally anticipated, making a unified series. There are, however, many inconsistencies in this unification, especially in his earlier stories.[36]
Asimov believed that his most enduring contributions would be his "Three Laws of Robotics" and the Foundation Series (see Yours, Isaac Asimov, p. 329). Furthermore, the Oxford English Dictionary credits his science fiction for introducing the words positronic (an entirely fictional technology), psychohistory (which is also used for a different study on historical motivations) and robotics into the English language. Asimov coined the term robotics without suspecting that it might be an original word; at the time, he believed it was simply the natural analogue of words such as mechanics and hydraulics, but for robots. Unlike his word psychohistory, the word robotics continues in mainstream technical use with Asimov's original definition. Star Trek: The Next Generation featured androids with "positronic brains" giving Asimov full credit for "inventing" this fictional technology. His fictional writings for space and time are similar to the writings of Brian W Aldiss, Poul Anderson and Gregory Benford.
Science fiction[link]
Asimov first began reading the science fiction pulp magazines sold in his family's confectionery store in 1929. He came into contact with science fiction fandom in the mid-1930s, particularly the circle that became the Futurians. He began writing his first science fiction story, "Cosmic Corkscrew", in 1937, but failed to finish it until June 1938, when he was inspired to do so after a visit to the offices of Astounding Science Fiction. He finished "Cosmic Corkscrew" on June 19, and submitted the story in person to Astounding editor John W. Campbell two days later. Campbell rejected "Cosmic Corkscrew", but encouraged Asimov to keep trying, and Asimov did so. Asimov sold his third story, "Marooned Off Vesta", to Amazing Stories magazine in October, and it appeared in the March 1939 issue. He continued to write and sometimes sell stories to the science fiction pulps.
In 1941, he published his 32nd story, "Nightfall", which has been described as one of "the most famous science-fiction stories of all time".[37] In 1968 the Science Fiction Writers of America voted "Nightfall" the best science fiction short story ever written.[38] In his short story collection Nightfall and Other Stories he wrote, "The writing of 'Nightfall' was a watershed in my professional career ... I was suddenly taken seriously and the world of science fiction became aware that I existed. As the years passed, in fact, it became evident that I had written a 'classic'".
"Nightfall" is an archetypal example of social science fiction, a term coined by Asimov to describe a new trend in the 1940s, led by authors including Asimov and Heinlein, away from gadgets and space opera and toward speculation about the human condition.
By 1941 Asimov had begun selling regularly to Astounding, which was then the field's leading magazine. From 1943 to 1949, all of his published science fiction appeared in Astounding.
In 1942 he published the first of his Foundation stories—later collected in the Foundation Trilogy: Foundation (1951), Foundation and Empire (1952), and Second Foundation (1953)—which recount the collapse and rebirth of a vast interstellar empire in a universe of the future. Taken together, they are his most famous work of science fiction, along with the Robot Series. Many years later, due to pressure by fans on Asimov to write another,[24] he continued the series with Foundation's Edge (1982) and Foundation and Earth (1986), and then went back to before the original trilogy with Prelude to Foundation (1988) and Forward the Foundation (1992). The series features his fictional science of Psychohistory in which the future course of the history of large populations can be predicted.
His positronic robot stories—many of which were collected in I, Robot (1950)—were begun at about the same time. They promulgated a set of rules of ethics for robots (see Three Laws of Robotics) and intelligent machines that greatly influenced other writers and thinkers in their treatment of the subject. Asimov notes in one of his biographical pieces that he was largely inspired by the almost relentless tendency of robots up to that time to fall consistently into a Frankenstein plot in which they destroyed their creator. One such robot story, a short titled "The Bicentennial Man", was made into a film starring Robin Williams.
The 2004 film I, Robot, starring Will Smith, was based on a script by Jeff Vintar entitled Hardwired, with Asimov's ideas incorporated later after acquiring the rights to the I, Robot title.[39] It is not related to the I, Robot script by Harlan Ellison, who collaborated with Asimov himself to create a version that captured the spirit of the original. Asimov is quoted as saying that Ellison's screenplay would lead to "the first really adult, complex, worthwhile science fiction movie ever made". The screenplay was published in book form in 1994, after hopes of seeing it in film form were becoming slim.
Besides movies, his Foundation and Robot stories have inspired other derivative works of science fiction literature, many by well-known and established authors such as Roger MacBride Allen, Greg Bear, Gregory Benford and David Brin. These appear to have been done with the blessing, and often at the request of, Asimov's widow Janet Asimov.
In 1948 he also wrote a spoof chemistry article, "The Endochronic Properties of Resublimated Thiotimoline". At the time, Asimov was preparing his own doctoral dissertation, and for the oral examination to follow that. Fearing a prejudicial reaction from his graduate school evaluation board at Columbia University, Asimov asked his editor that it be released under a pseudonym, yet it appeared under his own name because of a mistake by the publisher. During his oral examination shortly thereafter, Asimov grew concerned at the scrutiny he received. At the end of the examination, one evaluator turned to him, smiling, and said "Mr. Asimov, tell us something about the thermodynamic properties of the compound thiotimoline". The stuttering Asimov was sent out of the room then. After a 20-minute or so wait, he was summoned back into the Examination Room and congratulated as "Dr. Asimov."
In 1949, the book publisher Doubleday's science fiction editor Walter I. Bradbury accepted Asimov's unpublished novelette "Grow Old Along With Me" (40,000 words) for publication, but requested that it be extended to a full novel of 70,000 words. The book appeared under the Doubleday imprint in January 1950 with the title of Pebble in the Sky. The Doubleday company went on to publish five more original science fiction novels by Asimov in the 1950s, along with the six juvenile Lucky Starr novels, the latter under the pseudonym of "Paul French". Doubleday also published collections of Asimov's short stories, beginning with The Martian Way and Other Stories in 1955. The early 1950s also saw the Gnome Press company publishing one collection of Asimov's positronic robot stories as I, Robot and his Foundation stories and novelettes as the three books of the Foundation Trilogy. More positronic robot stories were republished in book form as The Rest of the Robots.
When new science fiction magazines, notably Galaxy magazine and The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, appeared in the 1950s, Asimov began publishing short stories in them as well. He would later refer to the 1950s as his "golden decade". A number of these stories are included in his Best of anthology, including "The Last Question" (1956), on the ability of humankind to cope with and potentially reverse the process of entropy. It was his personal favorite and considered by many to be equal to "Nightfall". Asimov wrote of it in 1973:
Why is it my favorite? For one thing I got the idea all at once and didn't have to fiddle with it; and I wrote it in white-heat and scarcely had to change a word. This sort of thing endears any story to any writer. Then, too, it has had the strangest effect on my readers. Frequently someone writes to ask me if I can give them the name of a story, which they think I may have written, and tell them where to find it. They don't remember the title but when they describe the story it is invariably "The Last Question". This has reached the point where I recently received a long-distance phone call from a desperate man who began, 'Dr. Asimov, there's a story I think you wrote, whose title I can't remember—' at which point I interrupted to tell him it was "The Last Question" and when I described the plot it proved to be indeed the story he was after. I left him convinced I could read minds at a distance of a thousand miles.
In December 1974, former Beatle Paul McCartney approached Asimov and asked him if he could write the screenplay for a science-fiction movie musical. McCartney had a vague idea for the plot and a small scrap of dialogue; he wished to make a film about a rock band whose members discover they are being impersonated by a group of extraterrestrials. The band and their impostors would likely be played by McCartney's group Wings, then at the height of their career. Intrigued by the idea, although he was not generally a fan of rock music, Asimov quickly produced a "treatment" or brief outline of the story. He adhered to McCartney's overall idea, producing a story he felt to be moving and dramatic. However, he did not make use of McCartney's brief scrap of dialogue, and probably as a consequence, McCartney rejected the story. The treatment now exists only in the Boston University archives.
Beginning in 1977, Asimov lent his name to Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (now Asimov's Science Fiction) and penned an editorial for each issue. There was also a short-lived Asimov's SF Adventure Magazine and a companion Asimov's Science Fiction Anthology reprint series, published as magazines (in the same manner as the stablemates Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine's and Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine's "anthologies").
Popular science[link]
During the late 1950s and 1960s, Asimov shifted gears somewhat, and substantially decreased his fiction output (he published only four adult novels between 1957's The Naked Sun and 1982's Foundation's Edge, two of which were mysteries). At the same time, he greatly increased his non-fiction production, writing mostly on science topics; the launch of Sputnik in 1957 engendered public concern over a "science gap", which Asimov's publishers were eager to fill with as much material as he could write.
Meanwhile, the monthly Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction invited him to continue his regular non-fiction column, begun in the now-folded bimonthly companion magazine Venture Science Fiction Magazine, ostensibly dedicated to popular science, but with Asimov having complete editorial freedom. The first of the F&SF columns appeared in November 1958, and they followed uninterrupted thereafter, with 399 entries, until Asimov's terminal illness. These columns, periodically collected into books by his principal publisher, Doubleday, helped make Asimov's reputation as a "Great Explainer" of science, and were referred to by him as his only pop-science writing in which he never had to assume complete ignorance of the subjects at hand on the part of his readers. The popularity of his first wide-ranging reference work, The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science, also allowed him to give up most of his academic responsibilities and become essentially a full-time freelance writer.
Asimov wrote several essays on the social contentions of his time, including "Thinking About Thinking" and "Science: Knock Plastic" (1967).
The great variety of information covered in Asimov's writings once prompted Kurt Vonnegut to ask, "How does it feel to know everything?" Asimov replied that he only knew how it felt to have the reputation of omniscience—"Uneasy". (See In Joy Still Felt, chapter 30.) In the introduction to his story collection Slow Learner, Thomas Pynchon admitted that he relied upon Asimov's science popularizations (and the Oxford English Dictionary) to provide his knowledge of entropy.
It is a mark of the friendship and respect accorded Asimov by Arthur C. Clarke that the so-called "Asimov-Clarke Treaty of Park Avenue", put together as they shared a cab ride along Park Avenue in New York, stated that Asimov was required to insist that Clarke was the best science fiction writer in the world (reserving second-best for himself), while Clarke was required to insist that Asimov was the best science writer in the world (reserving second-best for himself).[40] Thus the dedication in Clarke's book Report on Planet Three (1972) reads: "In accordance with the terms of the Clarke-Asimov treaty, the second-best science writer dedicates this book to the second-best science-fiction writer."
Coined terms[link]
Asimov coined the term "robotics" in his 1941 story Liar!,[41] though he later remarked that he believed then that he was merely using an existing word, as he stated in Gold ("The Robot Chronicles"), though while acknowledging the Oxford Dictionary reference, he incorrectly states that the word was first printed about one third of the way down the first column of page 100, Astounding Science Fiction, March 1942 printing of his short story "Runaround" .[42][43]
Asimov also coined the term "spome" in a paper entitled, “There’s No Place Like Spome” in Atmosphere in Space Cabins and Closed Environments,[44] originally presented as a paper to the American Chemical Society on September 13, 1965. It refers to any system closed with respect to matter and open with respect to energy capable of sustaining human life indefinitely.
Other writings[link]
In addition to his interest in science, Asimov was also greatly interested in history. Starting in the 1960s, he wrote 14 popular history books, most notably The Greeks: A Great Adventure (1965), The Roman Republic (1966), The Roman Empire (1967), The Egyptians (1967) and The Near East: 10,000 Years of History (1968).
He published Asimov's Guide to the Bible in two volumes—covering the Old Testament in 1967 and the New Testament in 1969— and then combined them into one 1,300-page volume in 1981. Complete with maps and tables, the guide goes through the books of the Bible in order, explaining the history of each one and the political influences that affected it, as well as biographical information about the important characters. His interest in literature manifested itself in several annotations of literary works, including Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare (1970), Asimov's Annotated Paradise Lost (1974), and The Annotated Gulliver's Travels (1980).
Asimov was also a noted mystery author and a frequent contributor to Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine. He began by writing science fiction mysteries such as his Wendell Urth stories but soon moved on to writing "pure" mysteries. He only published two full-length mystery novels but he wrote a fair number of stories about the Black Widowers, a group of men who met monthly for dinner, conversation, and a puzzle. He got the idea for the Widowers from his own association in a stag group called the Trap Door Spiders and all of the main characters (with the exception of the waiter, Henry, whom he admitted resembled Wodehouse's Jeeves) were modeled after his closest friends.[45]
Toward the end of his life, Asimov published a series of collections of limericks, mostly written by himself, starting with Lecherous Limericks, which appeared in 1975. Limericks: Too Gross, whose title displays Asimov's love of puns, contains 144 limericks by Asimov and an equal number by John Ciardi. He even created a slim volume of Sherlockian limericks (and embarrassed one fan by autographing her copy with an impromptu limerick that rhymed 'Nancy' with 'romancy'). Asimov featured Yiddish humor in Azazel, The Two Centimeter Demon. The two main characters, both Jewish, talk over dinner, or lunch, or breakfast, about anecdotes of "George" and his friend Azazel. Asimov's Treasury of Humor is both a working joke book and a treatise propounding his views on humor theory. According to Asimov, the most essential element of humor is an abrupt change in point of view, one that suddenly shifts focus from the important to the trivial, or from the sublime to the ridiculous.
Particularly in his later years, Asimov to some extent cultivated an image of himself as an amiable lecher. In 1971, as a response to the popularity of sexual guidebooks such as The Sensuous Woman (by "J") and The Sensuous Man (by "M"), Asimov published The Sensuous Dirty Old Man under the byline "Dr. 'A'" (although his full name was printed on the paperback edition, first published 1972).
Asimov published two volumes of autobiography: In Memory Yet Green (1979) and In Joy Still Felt (1980). A third autobiography, I. Asimov: A Memoir, was published in April 1994. The epilogue was written by his widow Janet Asimov a decade after his death. It's Been a Good Life (2002), edited by Janet, is a condensed version of his three autobiographies. He also published three volumes of retrospectives of his writing, Opus 100 (1969), Opus 200 (1979), and Opus 300 (1984).
In 1987, the Asimovs co-wrote How to Enjoy Writing: A Book of Aid and Comfort. In it they offer advice on how to maintain a positive attitude and stay productive when dealing with discouragement, distractions, rejection and thick-headed editors. The book includes many quotations, essays, anecdotes and husband-wife dialogues about the ups and downs of being an author.
Asimov and Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry developed a unique relationship during Star Trek's initial launch in the late 1960s. Asimov wrote a critical essay on Star Trek's scientific accuracy for TV Guide magazine. Roddenberry retorted respectfully with a personal letter explaining the limitations of accuracy when writing a weekly series. Asimov corrected himself with a follow-up essay to TV Guide claiming despite its inaccuracies, that Star Trek was a fresh and intellectually challenging science fiction television show. The two remained friends to the point where Asimov even served as an advisor on a number of Star Trek projects.
In 1973, Asimov published a proposal for calendar reform, called the World Season Calendar. It divides the year into four seasons (named A–D) of 13 weeks (91 days) each. This allows days to be named, e.g., "D-73" instead of December 1. An extra Year Day is added for a total of 365 days.[46]
Awards[link]
- 1957 – Thomas Alva Edison Foundation Award, for Building Blocks of the Universe
- 1960 – Howard W. Blakeslee Award from the American Heart Association for The Living River
- 1962 – Boston University's Publication Merit Award
- 1963 – special Hugo Award for "adding science to science fiction" for essays published in the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction
- 1963 – Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[47]
- 1965 – James T. Grady Award of the American Chemical Society (now called the James T. Grady-James H. Stack Award for Interpreting Chemistry)
- 1966 – Best All-time Novel Series Hugo Award for the Foundation series
- 1967 – Westinghouse Science Writing Award
- 1972 – Nebula Award for Best Novel for The Gods Themselves[48]
- 1973 – Hugo Award for Best Novel for The Gods Themselves[49]
- 1973 – Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel for The Gods Themselves[49]
- 1977 – Hugo Award for Best Novelette for The Bicentennial Man
- 1977 – Nebula Award for Best Novelette for The Bicentennial Man
- 1981 – An asteroid, 5020 Asimov, was named in his honor
- 1983 – Hugo Award for Best Novel for Foundation's Edge[50]
- 1983 – Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel for Foundation's Edge[50]
- 1987 – Nebula Grand Master award, a lifetime achievement award[51]
- 1992 – Hugo Award for Best Novelette for Gold
- 1995 – Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book for I. Asimov: A Memoir
- 1996 – A 1946 Retro-Hugo for Best Novel of 1945 was given at the 1996 WorldCon to "The Mule", the 7th Foundation story, published in Astounding Science Fiction
- 1997 – Posthumous induction into the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame
- 2009 – A crater on the planet Mars, Asimov,[52] was named in his honor
- 14 honorary doctorate degrees from various universities
Writing style[link]
Characteristics[link]
One of the most common impressions of Asimov's fiction work is that his writing style is extremely unornamented. In 1980, science fiction scholar James Gunn, professor emeritus of English at the University of Kansas wrote of I, Robot:[53]
Except for two stories—"Liar!" and "Evidence"—they are not stories in which character plays a significant part. Virtually all plot develops in conversation with little if any action. Nor is there a great deal of local color or description of any kind. The dialogue is, at best, functional and the style is, at best, transparent ... The robot stories—and, as a matter of fact, almost all Asimov fiction—play themselves on a relatively bare stage.
Gunn observes that there are places where Asimov's style rises to the demands of the situation; he cites the climax of "Liar!" as an example. Sharply drawn characters occur at key junctures of his storylines: Susan Calvin in "Liar!" and "Evidence", Arkady Darell in Second Foundation, Elijah Baley in The Caves of Steel and Hari Seldon in the Foundation prequels. Asimov addresses this criticism at the beginning of his book Nemesis:[54]
I made up my mind long ago to follow one cardinal rule in all my writing—to be clear. I have given up all thought of writing poetically or symbolically or experimentally, or in any of the other modes that might (if I were good enough) get me a Pulitzer prize. I would write merely clearly and in this way establish a warm relationship between myself and my readers, and the professional critics—Well, they can do whatever they wish.
Some details of Asimov's imaginary future technology as he described in the 1940s and 1950s have not aged well. For example, he described powerful robots and computers from the distant future using punched cards or punched tape and engineers using slide rules. In one dramatic scene in Foundation and Empire, a character gets the news by buying a paper at a vending machine. Of course, this charge could be leveled at virtually any writer of science fiction and has little critical impact.
In addition, his stories also have occasional internal contradictions: names and dates given in the Foundation Series do not always agree with one another, for example. Some such errors may plausibly be due to mistakes the characters make, since characters in Asimov stories are seldom fully informed about their own situations. Other contradictions resulted from the many years elapsed between the time Asimov began the Foundation series and when he resumed work on it; occasionally, advances in scientific knowledge forced him to revise his own fictional history.
Other than books by Gunn and Patrouch, there is a relative dearth of "literary" criticism on Asimov (particularly when compared to the sheer volume of his output). Cowart and Wymer's Dictionary of Literary Biography (1981) gives a possible reason:
His words do not easily lend themselves to traditional literary criticism because he has the habit of centering his fiction on plot and clearly stating to his reader, in rather direct terms, what is happening in his stories and why it is happening. In fact, most of the dialogue in an Asimov story, and particularly in the Foundation trilogy, is devoted to such exposition. Stories that clearly state what they mean in unambiguous language are the most difficult for a scholar to deal with because there is little to be interpreted.
In fairness, Gunn's and Patrouch's respective studies of Asimov both take the stand that a clear, direct prose style is still a style. Gunn's 1982 book goes into considerable depth commenting upon each of Asimov's novels published to that date. He does not praise all of Asimov's fiction (nor does Patrouch), but he does call some passages in The Caves of Steel "reminiscent of Proust." When discussing how that novel depicts night falling over futuristic New York City, Gunn says that Asimov's prose "need not be ashamed anywhere in literary society".
Although he prided himself on his unornamented prose style (for which he credited Clifford D. Simak as an early influence), Asimov also enjoyed giving his longer stories complicated narrative structures, often by arranging chapters in non-chronological ways. Some readers have been put off by this, complaining that the nonlinearity is not worth the trouble and adversely affects the clarity of the story. For example, the first third of The Gods Themselves begins with Chapter 6, then backtracks to fill in earlier material.[55] (John Campbell advised Asimov to begin his stories as late in the plot as possible. This advice helped Asimov create "Reason", one of the early Robot stories. See In Memory Yet Green for details of that time period.) Patrouch found that the interwoven and nested flashbacks of The Currents of Space did serious harm to that novel, to such an extent that only a "dyed-in-the-kyrt[56] Asimov fan" could enjoy it. Asimov's tendency to contort his timelines is perhaps most apparent in his later novel Nemesis, in which one group of characters live in the "present" and another group starts in the "past", beginning fifteen years earlier and gradually moving toward the time period of the first group.
Limitations[link]
- Alien life
Asimov was also criticized for the general absence of sexuality and of extraterrestrial life in his science fiction. Asimov once explained that his reluctance to write about aliens came from an incident early in his career when Astounding's editor John Campbell rejected one of his science fiction stories because the alien characters were portrayed as superior to the humans. He decided that, rather than write weak alien characters, he would not write about aliens at all. Nevertheless, in response to these criticisms he wrote The Gods Themselves, which contains aliens, sex, and alien sex. The book won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1972,[48] and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1973.[49] Asimov said that of all his writings, he was most proud of the middle section of The Gods Themselves, the part that deals with those themes.[57]
In the Hugo Award-winning novella Gold, Asimov describes an author clearly based on himself who has one of his books (The Gods Themselves) adapted into a "compu-drama", essentially photo-realistic computer animation. The director criticizes the fictionalized Asimov ("Gregory Laborian") for having an extremely nonvisual style making it difficult to adapt his work, and the author explains that he relies on ideas and dialogue rather than description to get his points across.
- Gender and social issues
Others have criticized him for a lack of strong female characters in his early work. In his autobiographical writings, such as Gold ("Women and Science Fiction"), he acknowledges this and responds by pointing to inexperience. His later novels, written with more female characters but in essentially the same prose style as his early SF stories, brought this matter to a wider audience. For example, the August 25, 1985 Washington Post's "Book World" section reports of Robots and Empire as follows:[citation needed]
In 1940, Asimov's humans were stripped-down masculine portraits of Americans from 1940, and they still are. His robots were tin cans with speedlines like an old Studebaker, and still are; the Robot tales depended on an increasingly unworkable distinction between movable and unmovable artificial intelligences, and still do. In the Asimov universe, because it was conceived a long time ago, and because its author abhors confusion, there are no computers whose impact is worth noting, no social complexities, no genetic engineering, aliens, arcologies, multiverses, clones, sin or sex; his heroes (in this case R. Daneel Olivaw, whom we first met as the robot protagonist of The Caves of Steel and its sequels) feel no pressure of information, raw or cooked, as the simplest of us do today; they suffer no deformation from the winds of the Asimov future, because it is so deeply and strikingly orderly.
It may be noted, however, that in fact The Naked Sun (1957) deals with social issues as a core part of its central setting and motivation, depicts genetic engineering in the guise of eugenics as a fundamental part of that society, presents the reader with inverted arcologies where a single person is the focal point of the artificial environment as well as a hero who hails from a "normal" arcology on Earth. Meanwhile, totally artificial birth, although not specifically cloning, is the aim of the leaders of the society, sexual want is the major driving force of the main female character (albeit veiled in 1950s sensibilities), and the entire story is used to make the point that too much order is ultimately a stagnant dead end to be avoided.[citation needed]
Views[link]
Religion[link]
Isaac Asimov was an atheist, a humanist, and a rationalist.[58] He did not oppose religious conviction in others, but he frequently railed against superstitious and pseudoscientific beliefs that tried to pass themselves off as genuine science. During his childhood, his father and mother observed Orthodox Jewish traditions, though not as stringently as they had in Petrovichi; they did not, however, force their beliefs upon young Isaac. Thus he grew up without strong religious influences, coming to believe that the Torah represented Hebrew mythology in the same way that the Iliad recorded Greek mythology. As his books Treasury of Humor and Asimov Laughs Again record, Asimov was willing to tell jokes involving God, Satan, the Garden of Eden, Jerusalem, and other religious topics, expressing the viewpoint that a good joke can do more to provoke thought than hours of philosophical discussion.
For a brief while, his father worked in the local synagogue to enjoy the familiar surroundings and, as Isaac put it, "shine as a learned scholar"[59] versed in the sacred writings. This scholarship was a seed for his later authorship and publication of Asimov's Guide to the Bible, an analysis of the historic foundations for both Old and New Testaments. For many years, Asimov called himself an atheist; however, he considered the term somewhat inadequate, as it described what he did not believe rather than what he did. Eventually, he described himself as a "humanist" and considered that term more practical. He did however continue to identify himself as a non-observant Jew[60] as stated in his introduction to Jack Dann's anthology of Jewish science fiction, Wandering Stars: "I attend no services and follow no ritual and have never undergone that curious puberty rite, the bar mitzvah. It doesn't matter. I am Jewish."
In his last volume of autobiography, Asimov wrote, "If I were not an atheist, I would believe in a God who would choose to save people on the basis of the totality of their lives and not the pattern of their words. I think he would prefer an honest and righteous atheist to a TV preacher whose every word is God, God, God, and whose every deed is foul, foul, foul."[61] The same memoir states his belief that Hell is "the drooling dream of a sadist" crudely affixed to an all-merciful God; if even human governments were willing to curtail cruel and unusual punishments, wondered Asimov, why would punishment in the afterlife not be restricted to a limited term? Asimov rejected the idea that a human belief or action could merit infinite punishment. If an afterlife existed, he claimed, the longest and most severe punishment would be reserved for those who "slandered God by inventing Hell".[62]
Politics[link]
Asimov became a staunch supporter of the Democratic Party during the New Deal, and thereafter remained a political liberal. He was a vocal opponent of the Vietnam War in the 1960s and in a television interview during the early 1970s he publicly endorsed George McGovern. He was unhappy about what he considered an "irrationalist" viewpoint taken by many radical political activists from the late 1960s and onwards. In his second volume of autobiography, In Joy Still Felt, Asimov recalled meeting the counterculture figure Abbie Hoffman; Asimov's impression was that the 1960s' counterculture heroes had ridden an emotional wave which, in the end, left them stranded in a "no-man's land of the spirit" from which he wondered if they would ever return.
He vehemently opposed Richard Nixon, considering him "a crook and a liar". He followed the unfolding events of Watergate day-to-day, and was pleased when the president was forced to resign. He was dismayed over the pardon extended to Nixon by his successor: "I was not impressed by the argument that it has spared the nation an ordeal. To my way of thinking, the ordeal was necessary to make certain it would never happen again."
Social issues[link]
Asimov considered himself a feminist even before Women's Liberation became a widespread movement; he joked that he wished women to be free "because I hate it when they charge".[63] More seriously, he argued that the issue of women's rights was closely connected to that of population control. Furthermore, he believed that homosexuality must be considered a "moral right" on population grounds, as must all consenting adult sexual activity that does not lead to reproduction.[64] He issued many appeals for population control, reflecting a perspective articulated by people from Thomas Malthus through Paul R. Ehrlich.[citation needed]
Environmental issues[link]
Asimov's defense of civil applications of nuclear power even after the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant incident damaged his relations with some of his fellow liberals. In a letter reprinted in Yours, Isaac Asimov,[64] he states that although he would prefer living in "no danger whatsoever" than near a nuclear reactor, he would still prefer a home near a nuclear power plant than in a slum on Love Canal or near "a Union Carbide plant producing methyl isocyanate" (referring to the Bhopal disaster).
In the closing years of his life, Asimov blamed the deterioration of the quality of life that he perceived in New York City on the shrinking tax base caused by the middle-class flight to the suburbs. His last non-fiction book, Our Angry Earth (1991, co-written with his long-time friend science fiction author Frederik Pohl), deals with elements of the environmental crisis such as global warming and the destruction of the ozone layer.
Other authors[link]
Asimov stated, both in his autobiography and in several essays, that he enjoyed the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien. He paid tribute to The Lord of the Rings in a "Black Widowers" story. (In his letter to Charlotte and Denis Plimmer, who had previously interviewed him for Daily Telegraph Magazine, Tolkien said that he enjoyed the science fiction of Isaac Asimov.)
He admired a number of his contemporaries, in particular fellow science-fiction author and science writer Arthur C. Clarke, with whom he entered into the lighthearted "Treaty of Park Avenue," which stipulated that Clarke was free to refer to himself as the best science fiction writer in the world (Asimov being second-best), provided he admitted that Asimov was the best science writer in the world (Clarke being second-best). He freely acknowledged a number of his fellow writers as superior to himself in talent, saying of Harlan Ellison, "He is (in my opinion) one of the best writers in the world, far more skilled at the art than I am."
Influence[link]
Paul Krugman, a Nobel Laureate in Economics, has stated that it was Asimov's concept of psychohistory that inspired him to become an economist.[65]
John Jenkins, who has reviewed the vast majority of Asimov's written output, once observed:
It has been pointed out that most science fiction writers since the 1950s have been affected by Asimov, either modeling their style on his or deliberately avoiding anything like his style.[66][unreliable source?]
Television and film appearances[link]
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- "To Tell The Truth", CBS, approximately 1968, playing the "real" Isaac Asimov. Only one panel member guessed correctly, on the grounds that Asimov wore glasses and somebody writing so many books would have to wear glasses.
- The Nature of Things 1969
- "ABC News" coverage of Apollo 11, 1969, with Fred Pohl, interviewed by Rod Serling
- "David Frost" interview program, August 1969. This is the show in which Frost asked Asimov if he had ever tried to find God and, after some initial evasion, Asimov answered, "God is much more intelligent than I—let him try to find me."
- The Dick Cavett Show 1970
- Target... Earth? 1980
- NBC TV, 1982 "Speaking Freely" interviewed by Edwin Newman 1982
- ARTS Network talk show hosted by Studs Terkel and Calvin Trillin, approximately 1982. Other guests included Harlan Ellison and James Gunn. Asimov noted, during this interview, that science fiction wasn't necessarily predictive - pointing out that while writers did stories about going to the moon, and stories about television, not one wrote a story where men went to the moon while people at home watched on television.[citation needed]
- Oltre New York 1986
- Voyage to the Outer Planets and Beyond 1986
- Bill Moyers interview 1988[67]
- Stranieri in America 1988
Selected bibliography[link]
Further information: Isaac Asimov bibliography
Including all titles, charts, and edited collections, there are currently 515 items in Asimov's bibliography—not counting his individual short stories, individual essays, and criticism. For his 100th, 200th, and 300th books (based on his personal count), Asimov published Opus 100 (1969), Opus 200 (1979), and Opus 300 (1984), celebrating his writing; he did not choose to do this for his 400th book, however. Asimov's writings span all major categories of the Dewey Decimal Classification except for Philosophy. However, if his foreword for The Humanist Way is included, he has been published in all categories.[3]
According to UNESCO's Index Translationum database, Asimov is the world's 17th most-translated author, just behind Arthur Conan Doyle and ahead of Pope John Paul II.[68]
There is an online exhibit displaying features, visuals, and descriptions of some of the over 600 books, games, audio recordings, videos, and wall charts included in the West Virginia University Libraries’ virtually complete Asimov Collection. Many first, rare, and autographed editions are in the Libraries’ Rare Book Room. Book jackets and autographs are presented online along with descriptions and images of children’s books, science fiction art, multimedia, and other materials in the collection.[69]
For a listing of Asimov's books in chronological order within his future history, see the Foundation series list of books.
Science fiction[link]
"Greater Foundation" series[link]
The Robot series was originally separate from the Foundation series. The Galactic Empire novels were originally published as independent stories. Later in life, Asimov synthesized them into a single coherent 'history' that appeared in the extension of the Foundation series.
Main article: Foundation series
Main article: Isaac Asimov's Robot Series
Main article: Isaac Asimov's Galactic Empire Series
- The Robot series:
- The Caves of Steel. 1954. ISBN 0-553-29340-0. (first Elijah Baley SF-crime novel)
- The Naked Sun. 1957. ISBN 0-553-29339-7. (second Elijah Baley SF-crime novel)
- The Robots of Dawn. 1983. ISBN 0-553-29949-2. (third Elijah Baley SF-crime novel)
- Robots and Empire. 1985. ISBN 978-0-586-06200-5. (sequel to the Elijah Baley trilogy)
- Galactic Empire novels:
- Pebble in the Sky. 1950. ISBN 0-553-29342-7.
- The Stars, Like Dust. 1951. ISBN 0-553-29343-5.
- The Currents of Space. 1952. ISBN 0-553-29341-9.
- Original Foundation trilogy:
- Foundation. 1951. ISBN 0-553-29335-4.
- Foundation and Empire. 1952. ISBN 0-553-29337-0. , Published with the title 'The Man Who Upset the Universe' as a 35c Ace paperback, D-125, in about 1952
- Second Foundation. 1953. ISBN 0-553-29336-2.
- Extended Foundation series:
- Foundation's Edge. 1982. ISBN 0-553-29338-9.
- Foundation and Earth. 1986. ISBN 0-553-58757-9. (last of the Foundation series)
- Prelude to Foundation. 1988. ISBN 0-553-27839-8. (occurs before "Foundation")
- Forward the Foundation. 1993. ISBN 0-553-40488-1. (occurs after "Prelude to Foundation" and before "Foundation")
Lucky Starr series (as Paul French)[link]
Main article: Lucky Starr series
- David Starr, Space Ranger (1952)
- Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids (1953)
- Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus (1954)
- Lucky Starr and the Big Sun of Mercury (1956)
- Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter (1957)
- Lucky Starr and the Rings of Saturn (1958)
Norby Chronicles (with Janet Asimov)[link]
Main article: Norby
- Norby, the Mixed-Up Robot (1983)
- Norby's Other Secret (1984)
- Norby and the Lost Princess (1985)
- Norby and the Invaders (1985)
- Norby and the Queen's Necklace (1986)
- Norby Finds a Villain (1987)
- Norby Down to Earth (1988)
- Norby and Yobo's Great Adventure (1989)
- Norby and the Oldest Dragon (1990)
- Norby and the Court Jester (1991)
Novels not part of a series[link]
Novels marked with an asterisk * have minor connections to the Foundation series.
- The End of Eternity (1955) *
- Fantastic Voyage (1966) (a novelization of the movie)
- The Gods Themselves (1972)
- Fantastic Voyage II: Destination Brain (1987) (not a sequel to Fantastic Voyage, but a similar, independent story)
- Nemesis (1989) *
- Nightfall (1990), with Robert Silverberg (short story written by Asimov, novelized by Silverberg)
- The Ugly Little Boy (1992), with Robert Silverberg (aka: Child of Time) (short story written by Asimov, novelized by Silverberg)
- The Positronic Man (1993) *, with Robert Silverberg
Short story collections[link]
See also List of short stories by Isaac Asimov
- I, Robot. 1950. ISBN 0-553-29438-5.
- The Martian Way and Other Stories. 1955. ISBN 0-8376-0463-X.
- Earth Is Room Enough. 1957. ISBN 0-449-24125-4.
- Nine Tomorrows. 1959. ISBN 0-449-24084-3.
- The Rest of the Robots. 1964. ISBN 0-385-09041-2.
- Through a Glass, Clearly. 1967. ISBN 0-86025-124-1.
- Nightfall and Other Stories. 1969. ISBN 0-449-01969-1.
- The Early Asimov. 1972. ISBN 0-449-02850-X.
- The Best of Isaac Asimov. 1973. ISBN 0-7221-1256-4.
- Buy Jupiter and Other Stories. 1975. ISBN 0-385-05077-1.
- The Bicentennial Man and Other Stories. 1976. ISBN 0-575-02240-X.
- The Complete Robot. 1982.
- The Winds of Change and Other Stories. 1983. ISBN 0-385-18099-3.
- The Alternate Asimovs. 1986. ISBN 0-385-19784-5.
- The Best Science Fiction of Isaac Asimov. 1986.
- Robot Dreams. 1986. ISBN 0-441-73154-6.
- Azazel. 1988.
- Robot Visions. 1990. ISBN 0-451-45064-7.
- Gold. 1995. ISBN 0-553-28339-1.
- Magic. 1996. ISBN 0-00-224622-8.
Mysteries[link]
Novels[link]
- The Death Dealers (1958), republished as A Whiff of Death
- Murder at the ABA (1976), also published as Authorized Murder
Short story collections[link]
[edit] Black Widowers series
- Tales of the Black Widowers (1974)
- More Tales of the Black Widowers (1976)
- Casebook of the Black Widowers (1980)
- Banquets of the Black Widowers (1984)
- Puzzles of the Black Widowers (1990)
- The Return of the Black Widowers (2003)
Other mysteries[link]
- Asimov's Mysteries (1968)
- The Key Word and Other Mysteries (1977)
- The Union Club Mysteries (1983)
- The Disappearing Man and Other Mysteries (1985)
- The Best Mysteries of Isaac Asimov (1986)
- The Feeling of Power (1967)
Nonfiction[link]
Popular science[link]
Collections of Asimov's essays — originally published as monthly columns in the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction
- Fact and Fancy (1962)
- View from a Height (1963)
- Adding a Dimension (1964)
- Of Time, Space, & Other Things (1965)
- From Earth to Heaven (1966)
- Science, Numbers and I (1968)
- The Solar System and Back (1970)
- The Stars in Their Courses (1971)
- The Left Hand of the Electron (1972)
- The Tragedy of the Moon (1973)
- Of Matters Great & Small (1975)
- The Planet that Wasn't (1976)
- Quasar, Quasar, Burning Bright (1977)
- Road to Infinity (1979)
- The Sun Shines Bright (1981)
- Counting the Eons (1983)
- X Stands for Unknown (1984)
- The Subatomic Monster (1985)
- Far as Human Eye Could See (1987)
- The Relativity of Wrong (1988)
- Out of the Everywhere (1990)
- The Secret of the Universe (1990)
Other science books by Asimov
- The Chemicals of Life (1954) ISBN 978-0-451-62418-5
- Inside the Atom (1956) ISBN 978-0-200-71444-0
- Only a Trillion (1957) ISBN 978-0-441-63121-6
- Building Blocks of the Universe (1957; revised 1974) ISBN 0-200-71099-0 ISBN 978-0200710992
- The World of Carbon (1958) ISBN 978-0-02-091350-4
- The World of Nitrogen (1958) ISBN 978-0-02-091400-6
- Words of Science and the History Behind Them (1959) ISBN 978-0-395-06571-6
- The Clock We Live On (1959) ISBN 978-0-200-71100-5
- Asimov on Numbers (1959) ISBN 978-0-517-37145-9
- The Wellsprings of Life (1960) ISBN 978-0-451-03245-4
- Life and Energy (1962) ISBN 978-0-380-00942-8
- The Human Body: Its Structure and Operation (1963) ISBN 978-0-451-02430-5, ISBN 978-0-451-62707-0 (revised)
- The Human Brain: Its Capacities and Functions (1963) ISBN 978-0-451-62867-1
- Planets for Man (with Stephen H. Dole) (1964, reprinted by RAND 2007) ISBN 978-0-8330-4226-2 [1]
- The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science (1965)
- The title varied with each of the four editions, the last being Asimov's New Guide to Science (1984) ISBN 978-0-14-017213-3
- The Universe: From Flat Earth to Quasar (1966) ISBN 978-0-380-01596-2
- The Neutrino (1966) ASIN B002JK525W
- Is Anyone There? (1967), ISBN 0-385-08401-3 – where he used the term Spome
- Photosynthesis (1968) ISBN 978-0-465-05703-0
- Our World in Space (1974) ISBN 978-0-8212-0434-4
- Please Explain (1975) ISBN 978-0-440-96804-7
- Asimov On Astronomy (1975) ISBN 978-0-517-27924-3
- Asimov On Physics (1976) ISBN 978-0-385-00958-4
- The Collapsing Universe (1977), ISBN 0-671-81738-8
- Extraterrestrial Civilizations (1979) ISBN 978-0-449-90020-8
- Visions of the Universe with coauthor Kazuaki Iwasaki (1981) ISBN 978-0-939540-01-3
- Exploring the Earth and the Cosmos (1982) ISBN 978-0-517-54667-3
- Understanding Physics (1988) [1966] ISBN 978-0-88029-251-1
- Vol. I, Motion, Sound, and Heat ISBN 978-0-451-00329-4
- Vol. II, Light, Magnetism, and Electricity ISBN 978-0-451-61942-6
- Vol. III, The Electron, Proton, and Neutron ISBN 978-0-451-62634-9
- Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery (1989), second edition adds content thru 1993, ISBN 978-0-06-270113-8
- Asimov's Chronology of the World (1991) ISBN 978-0-06-270036-0
- Isaac Asimov's Guide to Earth and Space (1991) ISBN 978-0-449-22059-7
- Atom: Journey Across the Subatomic Cosmos (1991) ISBN 978-1-4395-0900-5
- Mysteries of deep space: Quasars, Pulsars and Black Holes (1994) ISBN 978-0-8368-1133-9
- The Moon (2003), revised by Richard Hantula ISBN 978-1-59102-122-3
- The Sun (2003), revised by Richard Hantula ISBN 978-1-59102-122-3
- Jupiter (2004), revised by Richard Hantula ISBN 978-1-59102-123-0
- The Earth (2004), revised by Richard Hantula ISBN 978-1-59102-177-3
- Venus (2004), revised by Richard Hantula ISBN 978-0-8368-3877-0
Annotations[link]
- Asimov's Annotated "Don Juan"
- Asimov's Annotated "Paradise Lost"
- Asimov's Annotated "Gilbert and Sullivan"
- Asimov's The Annotated "Gulliver's Travels"
- Familiar Poems, Annotated
Guides[link]
- Asimov's Guide to the Bible, vols I and II (1981), ISBN 0-517-34582-X
- Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare, vols I and II (1970), ISBN 0-517-26825-6
Autobiography[link]
- In Memory Yet Green: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1920–1954, (1979, Doubleday)
- In Joy Still Felt: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1954–1978, (1980, Doubleday)
- I. Asimov: A Memoir, (1994, Doubleday)
- It's Been a Good Life, (2002), condensation of Asimov's three volume biography by his widow, Janet Jeppson Asimov
Other nonfiction[link]
- Opus 100 (1969), ISBN 0-395-07351-0
- Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor (1971)
- The Sensuous Dirty Old Man (1971), ISBN 0-451-07199-9
- Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology (1972), ISBN 0-385-17771-2
- Lecherous Limericks (1976), ISBN 0-449-22841-X
- More Lecherous Limericks (1976), ISBN 0-8027-7102-5
- Still More Lecherous Limericks (1977), ISBN 0-8027-7106-8
- Opus 200 (1979), ISBN 0-395-27625-X
- Our Federal Union (1975), ISBN 0-395-2283-3
- Isaac Asimov's Book of Facts (1979), ISBN 0-517-36111-6
- A Grossery of Limericks, with John Ciardi (1981), ISBN 0-393-33112-1
- The Roving Mind (1983) (collection of essays). New edition published by Prometheus Books, 1997, ISBN 1-57392-181-5
- Opus 300 (1984), ISBN 0-395-36108-7
- Limericks, Two Gross, with John Ciardi (1985), ISBN 0-393-04530-7
- Asimov Laughs Again (1992)
Selected Books by Dewey Decimal Category[link]
- Hallucination Orbit: Psychology In Science Fiction, (000)
- Asimov's Guide to the Bible, (200)
- Why are the Rain Forests Vanishing?, (300)
- Words from History, (400)
- Realm of Numbers, (500)
- The Human Body: Its Structure and Operation, (600)
- Visions of the Universe, (700)
- The Do-It-Yourself Bestseller: A Workbook, (800)
- The Greeks: A Great Adventure, (900)
References[link]
- ^ a b c d Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green. "The date of my birth, as I celebrate it, was January 2, 1920. It could not have been later than that. It might, however, have been earlier. Allowing for the uncertainties of the times, of the lack of records, of the Jewish and Julian calendars, it might have been as early as October 4, 1919. There is, however, no way of finding out. My parents were always uncertain and it really doesn't matter. I celebrate January 2, 1920, so let it be."
- ^ Asimov, Stanley (1996). Yours, Isaac Asimov. "My estimate is that Isaac received about 100,000 letters in his professional career. And with the compulsiveness that has to be a character trait of a writer of almost 500 books, he answered 90 percent of them. He answered more than half with postcards and didn't make carbons of them. But with the 100,000 letters he received, there are carbons of about 45,000 that he wrote."
- ^ a b Seiler, Edward; Jenkins, John H. (June 27, 2008). "Isaac Asimov FAQ". Isaac Asimov Home Page. http://www.asimovonline.com/asimov_FAQ.html#others11. Retrieved July 2, 2008.
- ^ Freedman, Carl (2000). Critical Theory and Science Fiction. Doubleday. pp. 71
- ^ "Isaac Asimov Biography and List of Works". Biblio.com. http://www.biblio.com/authors/212/Isaac_Asimov_Biography.html. Retrieved March 5, 2008.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1994). I. Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Doubleday. pp. 475–476. ISBN 0-385-41701-2.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1969) (in English) Opus 100 (Anthology) Houghton Mifflin Harcourt "So [Walter Bradbury] said, 'Use a pseudonum.' And I did. I choose Paul French and..."
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1994). I, Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Doubleday. pp. 380
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1994). I. Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Doubleday. pp. 500. ISBN 0-385-41701-2.
- ^ "USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, Mars: Asimov". http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureNameDetail.jsp?feature=74666. Retrieved May 29, 2009.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green. "There are three very simple English words: 'Has,' 'him' and 'of.' Put them together like this—'has-him-of'—and say it in the ordinary fashion. Now leave out the two h's and say it again and you have Asimov."
- ^ Isaac Asimov FAQ, asimovonline.com
- ^ "Marcia (Asimov) Repanes". Newsday. April 4, 2011. http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/newsday/obituary.aspx?n=marcia-repanes-asimov&pid=149980085&fhid=3923. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
- ^ "Stanley Asimov, 66, Newsday Executive". New York Times. August 17, 1995. http://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/17/obituaries/stanley-asimov-66-newsday-executive.html. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
- ^ "An Interview with Isaac Asimov" by Phil Konstantin, aired by KPAC and printed by SOuth West Airlines Magazine in 1979
- ^ Robert F. Keeler, "Newsday: a candid history of the respectable tabloid", 1990, ISBN 1557100535
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (2002). Janet Asimov. ed. It's Been a Good Life. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. pp. 12. ISBN 1-57392-968-9.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1994). I. Asimov: A Memoir. Bantam Books. pp. 2–3. ISBN 0-553-56997-X.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1979). In Memory Yet Green. Avon Books. p. 32. ISBN 0-380-75432-0.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac. I. Asimov: A Memoir, ch. 5. Random House, 2009. ISBN 0-307-57353-2
- ^ Video: Asimov at 391 (1988). The Open Mind (TV series). 1988. http://www.archive.org/details/openmind_ep48. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
- ^ Gunn, James (1982). Isaac Asimov: The Foundations of Science Fiction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 12–13, 20. ISBN 0-19-503059-1.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1973). The Early Asimov Volume 1. St. Albans, Hertfordshire, UK: Panther Books. p. 10. ISBN 0-586-03806-X.
- ^ a b Isaac Asimov Interview with Don Swaim (1987)
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1980). In Joy Still Felt: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1954–1978. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15544-1.
- ^ Asimov (1994). I. Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Doubleday. pp. 129–131. ISBN 0-385-41701-2.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1979). In Memory Yet Green: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1920–1954. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-13679-X.
- ^ a b c d e f Asimov, Isaac (1994). I. Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Doubleday. pp. 125–129. ISBN 0-385-41701-2.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1992). Asimov Laughs Again. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-06-016826-9.
- ^ See NeroWolfe.org
- ^ White (2005), pp. 83 and 219–20
- ^ Asimov, Isaac. I. Asimov, a Memoir, New York, Doubleday, 1994, pages 376–377.
- ^ Isaac Asimov, Whose Thoughts and Books Traveled the Universe, Is Dead at 72. Obituary in The New York Times April 7, 1992 p. B7
- ^ "Asimov FAQ". September 27, 2004. http://www.asimovonline.com/asimov_FAQ.html#non-literary2. Retrieved January 17, 2007.
- ^ "Locus Online: Letter from Janet Asimov". April 4, 2002. http://www.locusmag.com/2002/Issue04/Letter.html. Retrieved January 17, 2007.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1988). Prelude to Foundation. Bantam Books. pp. xiii–xv
- ^ Spud, The Invincible. "Isaac Asimov: The Good Doctor". Bewildering Stories article. http://www.bewilderingstories.com/issue8/asimov.html. Retrieved May 13, 2007.
- ^ Rothstein, Mervyn. "Isaac Asimov Obituary". quotes The New York Times, April 7, 1992 edition. http://www.rudysbooks.com/asimovobit.html. Retrieved May 13, 2007.
- ^ Michael Sampson (January 14, 2004). "The Bottom of Things". http://www.moviepoopshoot.com/bottom/56.html. Retrieved January 17, 2007.
- ^ "Isaac Asimov FAQ, Part 1". February 9, 2001. http://www.faqs.org/faqs/books/isaac-asimov-faq/part1/. Retrieved January 17, 2007.
- ^ According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term "robotics" was first used in the short story "Liar!" published in the May, 1941 issue of Astounding Science Fiction.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1996) [1995]. "The Robot Chronicles". Gold. London: Voyager. pp. 224–225. ISBN 0-00-648202-3.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1983). "4 The Word I Invented". Counting the Eons. Doubleday. "Robotics has become a sufficiently well developed technology to warrant articles and books on its history and I have watched this in amazement, and in some disbelief, because I invented … the word"
- ^ Atmosphere in Space Cabins and Closed Environments
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1991). Puzzles of the Black Widowers. Bantam Books. pp. xiii–xiii
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1973). "The Week Excuse". The Tragedy of the Moon. Doubleday and Co. pp. 48–58. ISBN 0-440-18999-3.
- ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
- ^ a b "1972 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1972. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
- ^ a b c "1973 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1973. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
- ^ a b "1983 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1983. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
- ^ Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master
- ^ http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureNameDetail.jsp?feature=74666
- ^ Gunn, James (1980-07). "On Variations on a Robot". Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine: pp. 56–81
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1989-10). Nemesis
- ^ Jenkins, John. "Review of The Gods Themselves". http://homepage.mac.com/jhjenkins/Asimov/Books/Book121.html. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1952), The Currents of Space, explanation of "kyrt"
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1994). I, Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Doubleday. pp. 250
- ^ Isaac Asimov, "The Way of Reason," in In Pursuit of Truth: Essays on the Philosophy of Karl Popper on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday,, ed. Paul Levinson, Humanities Press, 1982, pp. ix–x.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green: The Autobiography of Isaac Asimov, 1920–1954. Doubleday, 1979.
- ^ "I make no secret of the fact that I am a non-observant Jew", Asimov, Isaac. Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, Volume 15, Issues 10–13. p. 8. Davis Publishing, 1991.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1995). I. Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Bantam. pp. 338. ISBN 0-553-56997-X.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1995). I. Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Bantam. pp. 336–338. ISBN 0-553-56997-X.
- ^ Asimov, Isaac (1991). Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 346–347. ISBN 0-395-57226-6.
- ^ a b Asimov, Isaac (1996). Yours, Isaac Asimov, edited by Stanley Asimov. ISBN 0-385-47624-8.
- ^ Krugman, Paul (August 30, 2010). "The Conscience of a Liberal, Who Are You Calling Dense?". The New York Times. http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/30/who-are-you-calling-dense/. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
- ^ Jenkins, John. "Review of an Asimov biography, The Unauthorized Life". http://preem.tejat.net/~tseng/Asimov/NonAsimov/White.html. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CwUuU6C4pk
- ^ Index Translationum database
- ^ WVU Libraries Asimov Collection.
Sources[link]
- Asimov, Isaac. In Memory Yet Green (1979, ISBN 0-380-75432-0).
- In Joy Still Felt (1980, ISBN 0-380-53025-2).
- I. Asimov: A Memoir (1994). ISBN 0-385-41701-2 (hc), ISBN 0-553-56997-X (pb).
- Yours, Isaac Asimov (1996), edited by Stanley Asimov. ISBN 0-385-47624-8.
- It's Been a Good Life (2002), edited by Janet Asimov. ISBN 1-57392-968-9.
- Goldman, Stephen H., "Isaac Asimov", in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 8, Cowart and Wymer eds., (Gale Research, 1981), pp. 15–29.
- Gunn, James. "On Variations on a Robot", IASFM, July 1980, pp. 56–81.
- Isaac Asimov: The Foundations of Science Fiction (1982). ISBN 0-19-503060-5.
- The Science of Science-Fiction Writing (2000). ISBN 1-57886-011-3.
- Fiedler, Jean; Jim Mele (1982). Isaac Asimov. New York: Ungar. ISBN 0-8044-2203-6.
- Joseph D. Olander and Martin H. Greenberg (editors) (1974). Isaac Asimov. ISBN 0-8008-4258-8, Hardback ISBN 0-8008-4257-X.
- Patrouch, Joseph F. (1977). The Science Fiction of Isaac Asimov. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-08696-2.
- Touponce, William F. (1991). Isaac Asimov. Boston: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-7623-0.
- White, Michael (1994). Asimov: The Unauthorized Life. Harmondsworth: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-004130-3.
- White, Michael (2005). Isaac Asimov: A Life of the Grand Master of Science Fiction. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-1518-9.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Isaac Asimov |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Isaac Asimov |
- Isaac Asimov Home Page
- Isaac Asimov Wikia Page that contains overview to some of his books
- Isaac Asimov at the Internet Book Database of Fiction {Work in Progress}
- Isaac Asimov at the Internet Movie Database
- Isaac Asimov at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- Works by or about Isaac Asimov in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Works by Isaac Asimov on Open Library at the Internet Archive
- Guardian Books "Author Page", with profile and links to further articles.
- Real-life robots obey Asimov's laws
- Isaac Asimov: A Prolific and Polymathic American Writer
- Isaac Asimov was Born 90 Years Ago Today by The Los Angeles Times, January 2, 2010
- P.S. 99: The Isaac Asimov School for Science and Literature
- Frederik Pohl on Asimov
- Isaac Asimov biography at the Science Fiction Hall of Fame
- By Isaac Asimov
- 15-Book Reading Order as Suggested by Asimov From "Author's Note" of "Prelude to Foundation" Doubleday 1988 hardcover edition
- Works by Isaac Asimov at Project Gutenberg (one work, the 1952 short story "Youth")
- The short film Interview with Isaac Asimov (1975) is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
Isaac Asimov public domain audiobooks from LibriVox
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Asimov, Isaac |
| Alternative names | Исаак Озимов (Russian); Айзек Азимов (Russian); French, Paul (pseudonym); Dale, George E. (pseudonym) |
| Short description | Russian-born American novelist, short story author, essayist, historian, biochemist, textbook writer, humorist |
| Date of birth | uncertain |
| Place of birth | Petrovichi, RSFSR |
| Date of death | April 6, 1992 (aged 72) |
| Place of death | New York, New York, U.S. |
http://wn.com/Isaac_Asimov
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (December 2011) |
| Chris Rene | |
|---|---|
| "Chris Rene in Music Video of "Young Homie" located in Santa Cruz, California" "Chris Rene in Music Video of "Young Homie" located in Santa Cruz, California" |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Christopher Rene |
| Born | (1982-12-25) December 25, 1982 (age 29) Santa Cruz, California, United States |
| Genres | R&B, hip hop, pop, rock |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician, producer |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano, guitar |
| Years active | 1995–present |
| Labels | Epic |
| Associated acts | Avril Lavigne, The X Factor (U.S.) 2011 finalists |
| Website | www.chrisreneofficial.com www.chrisrenemusic.com |
Christopher "Chris" Rene (born December 25, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and producer from Santa Cruz, California. He had been in a band called Diversion and also had a solo career, including the album Soul'd Out. He applied to the first season of The X Factor USA with one of his original compositions "Young Homie" and was one of the finalists to the competition's live shows where he was mentored by L.A. Reid. He finished third overall in the competition, behind winner Melanie Amaro and runner-up Josh Krajcik.
Contents |
Music career[link]
1993-2002: Diversion[link]
Diversion was an alternative pop band based in Soquel, California (1994–2002) composed of Tas Szemeredi (vox/bass), Chris Rene (guitar/vox), and Mike Rene (drums). They were only 12 or 13 years old when they formed the band, but still managed to perform at venues such as the Red Room. Diversion was one of the young alternative pop bands in Santa Cruz.
Diversion released a self titled CD Diversion in 2000. The band recorded some more tracks for a second album, but they broke up in early 2005 without being able to finish it.
2003-2009: Solo career[link]
|
This section requires expansion with: artistic activity during period. |
After split-up of the band, Chris Rene worked solo and released in 2009 the album Soul'd Out on an independent label.
2011: The X Factor[link]
Main article: The X Factor (U.S. season 1)
On September 21, 2011, Rene auditioned by singing one of his original songs entitled "Young Homie" getting a standing ovation from the audience and four "yeses" from the judges. Judge Simon Cowell said of his audition "...always my favorite feeling in the world...is when I sit in this chair and I meet a star for the first time". During the competition, he performed two of his original compositions (lyrics and music). They were "Young Homie" (during auditions , week 5 of the live shows and his performance in the final) and "Where Do We Go from Here" (in week 7 of the live shows, on December 7, 2011). He also sang a mix of "Let It Be"/"Young Homie" on November 22, 2011 in Week 5 of the live shows of the series,[1] and also in the Final of the show.
[edit] Performances on The X Factor
| Performance | Theme | Song choice | Original artist | Order | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audition | Free choice | "Young Homie" (original composition) | Chris Rene | N/A | Through to Bootcamp |
| Bootcamp 1 | Judge's choice | "Sexual Healing" | Marvin Gaye | Advanced | |
| Bootcamp 2 | Judge's choice | "What's Going On" | Marvin Gaye | Advanced | |
| Bootcamp 3 | Auditioner's choice | "Every Breath You Take" | The Police | Through to judges' houses | |
| Judges' houses | Solo | "Everyday People" | Sly and the Family Stone | Through to live shows | |
| Week 1 | N/A | "Love Don't Live Here Anymore" [2] | Rose Royce | 2 | Saved by L.A. Reid |
| Week 2 | Judges' choice | "Superstar" [3] | Delaney & Bonnie | 2 | Safe |
| Week 3 | Songs from movies | "Gangsta's Paradise" [4] | Coolio/L.V.; Dangerous Minds | 10 | Safe |
| Week 4 | Rock | "No Woman, No Cry"/"Everythings's Gonna Be Alright" | Bob Marley & The Wailers/Sweetbox | 3 | Safe |
| Week 5 | Giving Thanks | "Let It Be"/"Young Homie" | "The Beatles"/Chris Rene | 4 | Safe |
| Week 6 | Michael Jackson | "I'll Be There" | The Jackson 5 | 6 | Safe |
| Week 7 | Dance Music Hits | "Live Your Life | T.I./Rihanna | 5 | Safe |
| "Save Me" songs | "Where Do We Go from Here" (original composition) | Chris Rene | 10 | ||
| Week 8 | Pepsi Challenge songs | "Fly"[5] | Sugar Ray | 2 | Safe |
| "Get Me To The Final" songs (no specific theme) |
"No One" [5] | Alicia Keys | 6 | ||
| Final | Duet with invited guest | "Complicated" [6] | Avril Lavigne | 2 | Third place |
| Audition song | Young Homie (original composition)[6] | Chris Rene | 5 | ||
| Christmas songs | "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" | Judy Garland | 2 |
[edit] 2012: After X Factor
L.A. Reid has confirmed that Chris has started recording music for a post-X Factor album.
On January 17, 2012, it was confirmed that Chris has signed with a joint venture between Syco & Epic Records,[7] a division of Sony Music Entertainment. Rene has re-recorded his original song "Young Homie" , it was made available on iTunes on March 13, 2012.[8]
Chris shot the music video for the song on February 16, 2012 in his hometown Santa Cruz, California and it was released on Youtube and Vevo on March 20, 2012. The song is confirmed to be the lead single of his debut album. He has recorded several songs already for his upcoming debut album. Some songs include "Trouble", "Back From the Dead", "Chains", "Rocking With You", and "Yeah I Told You So."[9]
On May 22nd, 2012 Chris performed "Young Homie" at the first Q102 Springle Ball 2012 concert.
Personal life[link]
Christopher Rene was born to Joan René (nee Sampson) and Rafael Leon "Googie" René. Prior to applying for The X Factor, Rene worked hauling trash in Santa Cruz, where he currently lives. A heavily-tattooed man, he has a tattoo that reads "Believe" on his arm, and the tattoos "Love" and "Life" on his fingers. He has two brothers named Mike and Gabriel and a sister named Gina.
Rene is a recovering drug and alcohol addict,[10] who revealed he had just been out of rehab at Janus Rehabilitation Center of Santa Cruz, and had been clean for just ten weeks before taking part in The X Factor auditions.
Chris has a three-year-old boy, Ryan, whom he fathered with his long time girlfriend Melissa. It was also revealed that Chris has another son, a six-year-old boy named Elijah. For the first two years of Elijah's life, Chris didn't know he had fathered the child. The child is in foster care, but was told Rene is his biological father.[11]
Chris Rene is the grandson of Leon René, a famous composer of R&B and rock and roll songs in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s and a founder of a number of record labels including "Class" and "Rendezvous Record Company". He is also famous for writing "Rockin' Robin", a hit for Bobby Day and for Michael Jackson. Chris' father Rafael "Googie" Rene, was a moderately successful jazz and soul singer in the 1950's and 1960s. His brother Gabriel and sister Gina are both musicians and members of an electronica group called Soulstice.[12]
Discography[link]
Studio Albums[link]
| Title | Album details |
|---|---|
| Soul'd Out |
Singles[link]
| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Album | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [14] |
NZ [15] |
CAN [16] |
||||
| 2012 | "Young Homie" | 101 | 1 | 72 | TBA | |
Other Songs[link]
| Title |
|---|
| "Where Do We Go from Here" |
| "The Same Blood"[citation needed] |
| "So Confused"[citation needed] |
Featured Songs[link]
- "Ain't Goin' Nowhere" - Rich Tycoon (ft. Chris Rene)Template:Curancy
- "Crazy" / "It's ok" / "Just for Tonight" - Mac Jar monikape (ft. Chris Rene){no distractions |date=December 2011}}
- "Dis Shit Knockz" - Fury Figeroa (ft. Ross Rock, Chris Rene & Jesse James)[citation needed]
- "Fastlane" / RIP Aziz - Hungry & Hated (ft. Chris Rene)[citation needed]
- "Half of What You Got" - Playz (ft. Giant & Chris Rene)[citation needed]
- "In 2 Deep" - Famouz (ft. Chris Rene & Cait La Dee)[citation needed]
- "The Calm Before Before the Storm" - Sincere (ft. Chris Rene){calm before the storm |date=December 2011}}
- "Who U B?" - Fury Figeroa (ft. Chris Rene][citation needed]
- "Is It So" - Sincere (ft.Chris Rene)[citation needed]
- "Worl O Luv" - Super Tough/ Dance Worm (ft. Chris Rene & Rankin' Scroo)
- " Hollywood Lyfe" Dylan Synclaire (ft. Chris Rene)
[edit] References
- ^ "Digital Spy: 'X Factor' USA Chris Rene to release audition song 'Young Homie'?". Digitalspy.ca. 2011-11-23. http://www.digitalspy.ca/ustv/s141/the-x-factor-us/news/a352580/x-factor-usa-chris-rene-to-release-audition-song-young-homie.html. Retrieved 2011-12-21.
- ^ "The X Factor' USA Top 17 perform - Live Blog". The X Factor. Digital Spy. 25 October 2011. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/ustv/s141/the-x-factor-us/news/a347526/the-x-factor-usa-top-17-perform-live-blog.html. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
- ^ Posted 08:07am on 10/26/2011 (2011-10-26). "The 12 Finalists Perform For Your Votes". Thexfactorusa.com. http://www.thexfactorusa.com/articles/the-12-finalists-perform-for-your-votes. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ^ Posted 09:00pm on 11/04/2011. "Lights, Camera, Action...It’s Movie Night!". Thexfactorusa.com. http://www.thexfactorusa.com/articles/lights-camera-action-it-s-movie-night. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ^ a b "Recap: Who Sang Their Way Into The Finale?". Thexfactorusa.com. 2011-12-15. http://www.thexfactorusa.com/articles/recap-who-sang-their-way-into-the-finale. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
- ^ a b "Recap: The Finalists Compete For The X Factor Crown!". Thexfactorusa.com. 2011-12-22. http://www.thexfactorusa.com/articles/recap-the-finalists-compete-for-the-x-factor-crown. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
- ^ "Digital Spy: 'X Factor' runner up Chris Rene signs record deal with Epic -- EXCLUSIVE". http://music-mix.ew.com.+2012-1-17. http://music-mix.ew.com/2012/01/17/chris-rene-x-factor-record-deal/. Retrieved 2012-1-17.
- ^ "Amazon.com: Young Homie: Chris Rene: MP3 Downloads". http://www.amazon.com/Young-Homie/dp/B0077X9FFY/ref=sr_shvl_album_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1330985847&sr=301-1. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
- ^ "'X Factor' Star Chris Rene On His New Album, Sobriety and Why Britney Spears Should be a Judge". http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/x-factor-chris-rene-album-britney-spears-302826. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
- ^ "Chris Rene says he'd use 'The X Factor' prize money to create rehab center". OnTheRedCarpet. http://www.ontheredcarpet.com/Chris-Rene-says-hed-use-The-X-Factor-prize-money-to-create-rehab-center/8471481. Retrieved 2011-12-21.
- ^ "''Daily Mail'': What a week! X Factor USA singer Chris Rene reunites with his long-lost son AND becomes a YouTube sensation". London: Dailymail.co.uk. 2011-09-26. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2041738/X-Factor-USA-Chris-Rene-reunites-long-lost-son-AND-YouTube-star.html. Retrieved 2011-12-21.
- ^ "LsstFm: Chris Rene biography". Last.fm. 2009-02-11. http://www.last.fm/music/Chris+Rene/. Retrieved 2011-12-21.
- ^ a b "Soul'd Out: Chris Rene: MP3 Downloads". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/Sould-Out/dp/B002TQ9NHO. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
- ^ "Chart Listings: Billboard Hot 100 Singles (March 21-28, 2012) - Page 6". ATRL. http://atrl.net/forums/showthread.php?p=8930143#8930143. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
- ^ Steffen Hung (2012-03-19). "Discography Chris Rene". charts.org.nz. http://www.charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Chris+Rene. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
- ^ "Canada Singles Top 100 - Music Charts". Acharts.us. http://acharts.us/canada_singles_top_100. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
- ^ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart | The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Nztop40.co.nz. http://nztop40.co.nz. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
External links[link]
- Chris Rene official website
- Chris Rene Music
- Chris Rene Facebook
- Chris Rene Twitter
- Chris Rene Youtube
|
|||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Rene, Chris |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | December 25, 1982 |
| Place of birth | Santa Cruz, California |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Chris_Rene
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Rene
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the actor. For the educator, see Salman Khan (educator).
| Salman Khan | |
|---|---|
 Salman Khan walking the ramp for Sanjana John |
|
| Born | Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan (1965-12-27) 27 December 1965 (age 46) Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| Residence | Bandra, Mumbai |
| Other names | Sallu |
| Occupation | Film actor, television presenter and philanthropist |
| Years active | 1988–present |
| Parents | Salim Khan Salma Khan |
| Relatives | Arbaaz Khan (brother) Sohail Khan (brother) Helen Richardson (step-mother) |
Salman Khan (pronunciation : [səlˈmaːn ˈxaːn]; born Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan on 27 December 1965)[1] is an Indian film actor. He has starred in more than 80 Hindi films.
Khan, who made his acting debut with a minor role in the drama Biwi Ho To Aisi (1988), had his first commercial success with the blockbuster Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), for which he won a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut. He went on to star in some successful Hindi films of those times, such as Saajan (1991), Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994), Karan Arjun (1995), Judwaa (1997), Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998) and Biwi No.1 (1999), having appeared in the highest earning films of seven separate years during his career.[2]
In 1999, Khan won a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for his extended appearance in Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), and since then has starred in several critical and commercial successes, including Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (1999), Tere Naam (2003), Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (2004), No Entry (2005), Partner (2007), Wanted (2009), Dabangg (2010), Ready (2011) and Bodyguard (2011), which has become the second highest-grossing Bollywood film of all-time. Khan has thus established himself as one of the most successful actors of Hindi cinema.[3][4][5]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Khan is the eldest son of screenwriter Salim Khan and his first wife Salma (née Sushila Charak). His paternal grandfather was a Muslim from Afghanistan[6][7] who came to India and settled in Madhya Pradesh, whereas his mother is a Marathi Hindu.[8] Khan himself had once said that he is "half Muslim and half Hindu".[9][10] His stepmother is Helen, a former actress, who has co-starred with him in a few films. He has two brothers, Arbaaz Khan and Sohail Khan, and two sisters, Alvira and Arpita. Alvira is married to actor/director Atul Agnihotri. Khan finished his schooling through St. Stanislaus High School in Bandra, Mumbai, as did his younger brothers Arbaaz and Sohail. Earlier, he studied at The Scindia School, Gwalior for a few years along with younger brother Arbaaz.[11][12]
Career[link]
1980s[link]
Salman Khan made his acting debut with a supporting role in the 1988 film Biwi Ho To Aisi. His first leading role in a Bollywood movie was in Sooraj R. Barjatya's romantic family drama Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), one of India's highest grossing films.[13] It earned him a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut, as well as his first nomination for a Best Actor at Filmfare.
1990s[link]
1990 saw one film release starring Khan, Baaghi: A Rebel for Love. The film was a box office success,[14] followed by four hit films in 1991, Patthar Ke Phool, Sanam Bewafa, Kurbaan [15][16] and Saajan.[17] Despite these early successes, nearly all of his 1992–1993 releases resulted in box office failures.[17]
Khan returned to success in 1994 with his second collaboration with director Sooraj Barjatya in the romance Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!, co-starring Madhuri Dixit. This film was the biggest hit of that year, and turned out to be one of Bollywood's highest-grossing films ever, becoming the fourth-highest earner of all time.[18] In 1995 he starred in Rakesh Roshan's Karan Arjun alongside Shahrukh Khan.[17] The two played brothers who are reincarnated after being killed by family enemies. The film was the second biggest hit of the year, and his role of Karan once again put his name among the nominees for the Best Actor award at the Filmfare, which was eventually won by his Karan Arjun co-star Shahrukh Khan for Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge.[19][20]
In 1996, Khan performed in two movies, Sanjay Leela Bhansali's directional debut Khamoshi: The Musical, a box office failure, but critically acclaimed; and Raj Kanwar's action hit Jeet. He had two releases in 1997: Judwaa and Auzaar. The former was a comedy directed by David Dhawan where he played a dual role of twins separated at birth.
Khan worked in five different films in 1998, his first release being the comedy Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya opposite Kajol, one of the biggest commercial successes of that year. This was followed by the moderately successful drama Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai.[17] Khan played a young man who has to take a child who claims to be his son, under his custody. Khan's performance in the film earned him several positive notices and favourable reviews from critics. He rounded of the year with an extended cameo in Karan Johar's directorial debut, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai for which he earned a second Filmfare Award under the Best Supporting Actor category.
In 1999, Khan starred in three films: Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United and Biwi No.1, two of the highest grossing films that year;[21] and Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam, which earned another Best Actor nomination at the Filmfare.
2000s[link]
In 2000, Khan acted in films including Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega . Chori Chori Chupke Chupke addressed the issue of surrogate childbirth; Khan played the role of a rich industrialist, who hires a surrogate mother after his wife becomes infertile. Critics noted his turn towards a more serious role, which reportedly had more substance in comparison to his previous roles.[22][23] In 2002 he starred in the delayed release Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam.
For Tere Naam, (2003) Taran Adarsh said of him, "Salman Khan is exceptional in a role that fits him to the T. He breathes fire in sequences that demand uneasiness. But beneath the tough exterior lies a vulnerable person and this facet in particular comes to the fore in the latter reels. His emotional outbursts are splendid..."[24] He subsequently continued his success at the box office, with comedies like Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (2004) and No Entry (2005).[17] Khan's work in 2006 included Jaan-E-Mann and Baabul .
Khan started 2007 with the ensemble film Salaam E Ishq. His next release Partner did very well at the box office, receiving a blockbuster verdict.[25] He next appeared in the Hollywood movie, Marigold: An Adventure in India which told the love story of an Indian man and an American woman. Khan starred in three films throughout 2008, all of which underperformed.[26]
Khan hosted the second season of 10 Ka Dum in year 2009 which turned out to be even more successful than his first season as host of the game show in year 2008. The show got very high TRPs for Sony Entertainment Television and according to reports, the show helped Sony TV regain its third position in the Indian television ratings.[27]
Khan's first film of 2009, Wanted directed by choreographer turned director Prabhu Deva. In the same year, he appeared in two other films, Main Aurr Mrs Khanna and London Dreams. While London Dreams doing average business, only due to the uninspiring music, but Main Aurr Mrs Khanna made 21 crores through DTH Premiere.[28]
2010s[link]
Khan's first release of 2010 was Anil Sharma's commercially and critically unsuccessful film Veer. His next release, Dabangg, was produced by his brother Arbaaz Khan, and released on 10 September 2010. It made a record opening at the box office[29] and Box Office India declared it an all-time blockbuster.[30] For his performance in Dabangg, Khan received a Star Screen Award for Best Actor and a Stardust Award for Star of the Year – Male and was nominated for his sixth Filmfare Award for Best Actor. Anupama Chopra from NDTV wrote about his performance, "It's the role of a lifetime and Salman Khan bites into it like a starving man devours a feast. He inhabits it fully, strutting and swaggering and even, spoofing himself."[31]
Khan's first release of 2011 was Ready which released on 3 June. The film broke several box office records and is currently the fourth highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time. He next appeared in Bodyguard. Upon release, the film became an all time blockbuster at the box office,[32] with Khan's performance receiving favourable comments from critics and is currently the second highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time. [33]
Personal life[link]
In 2004, he was voted seventh-best-looking man in the world and the best looking man in India by People magazine, USA.[34] Khan has been involved in several charities during his career.[35]
On 11 October 2007, Khan accepted an offer from Madame Tussauds wax museum in London to have a wax replica made of himself. His life-size wax figure was installed there on 15 January 2008, making him the fourth Indian actor to have been replicated as a wax statue in the museum.[36][37]
Khan has been the subject of several controversies, including certain legal troubles. On 28 September 2002, Khan was arrested for rash and negligent driving. His car had run into a bakery in Mumbai; one person who was sleeping on the pavement outside the bakery died and three others were injured in the mishap.[38] Charges of culpable homicide were laid against him, but later dropped, and he was found not guilty.[39] On 17 February 2006, Khan was sentenced to one year in prison for hunting the Chinkara, an endangered species. The sentence was stayed by a higher court during appeal.[40] On 10 April 2006, he was handed a five year jail term and remanded to Jodhpur jail until 13 April when he was granted bail.[41]
On September 2010, Khan was reported to have claimed during an interview to a Pakistani channel that the 26/11 attacks were hyped because the "elite" were targeted.[42][43] During the interview the actor had said - "It was the elite that was targeted this time. Five star hotels and all. So they panicked. Then they got up and spoke about it. My question is why not before. Attacks have happened in trains and small towns too, but no one talked about it so much."[42][43] Khan also said that Pakistan was not to be blamed for it, and that the Indian security forces had failed.[44] Khan's comments had drawn strong reactions from Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra Chagan Bhujbal, Shiv Sena, BJP and other political parties.[45] The comments were also condemned by Ujwal Nikam, Special Prosecutor in the 26/11 trial.[45] Khan later apologised for his comments.[42]
His relationship with actress Aishwarya Rai was a well publicised topic in the Indian media.[46] After their break-up in March 2002, Rai accused him of harassing her. She claimed that Khan had not been able to come to terms with their break-up and was hounding her; her parents lodged a complaint against him.[47] In 2005, news outlets released what was said to be an illicit copy of a mobile phone call recorded in 2001 by the Mumbai police. It appeared to be a call in which he threatened Rai, in an effort to force her to appear at social events held by Mumbai crime figures. The call featured boasts of connections to organised crime and derogatory comments about other actors. However, the alleged tape was tested in the government's Forensic lab in Chandigarh, which concluded that it was fake.[48][49]
After years of speculations, actress Katrina Kaif admitted in an 2011 interview for a magazine that she was in a serious relationship with Salman Khan for several years, which ended in 2010.[50]
In August 2011 he admitted he suffers from trigeminal neuralgia, a facial nerve disorder commonly known as the suicide disease. In an interview he said that he has been quietly suffering it for the past seven years, but now the pain’s become unbearable. It has even affected his voice, making it much harsher.[51]
Being Human Foundation[link]
Being Human Foundation is a registered charitable trust set up by Salman Khan for helping the cause of the underprivileged. In its early days, Salman Khan set up and funded the Foundation using his own money. The Foundation has two focus areas: Education and Healthcare. To increase the reach and corpus of the Foundation, Salman Khan has undertaken initiatives such as Being Human Art; Being Human merchandise; and Being Human Gitanjali Gold Coins. Proceeds from the activities of these initiatives go towards spreading education and healthcare for the underprivileged.
BEING HUMAN ART: The first showing of Being Human Art was an exhibition of Salman Khan's paintings at Dubai in October 2009. The response was tremendous and more exhibitions are being planned.
BEING HUMAN MERCHANDISE: Being Human Fashion was announced at HDIL India Couture Week 2009 in a show that made fashion history by featuring the biggest ever line-up of superstars including Aamir Khan, Ajay Devgan, Akshay Kumar, Govinda, Katrina Kaif, Saif Ali Khan, Salman Khan and Sanjay Dutt. At HDIL India Couture Week 2010, Salman launched Being Human watches and followed it up with another glittering show featuring Bipasha Basu, Kareena Kapoor, Karisma Kapoor, Katrina Kaif, Preity Zinta, Priyanka Chopra, Rani Mukherjee and Sushmita Sen. Being Human T-shirts were launched in November 2010.
BEING HUMAN GITANJALI GOLD COINS: Being Human, the Salman Khan Foundation has tied up with India's biggest jewellery brand Gitanjali to launch co-branded gold coins.
BEING HUMAN PARTNERS MARROW DONORS REGISTRY INDIA (MDRI): In November 2010, the Foundation partnered with MDRI to create awareness and generate donors in order to create a robust registry in India.[52]
In 2011. Salman Khan launched his own production company called SKBH Productions (Salman Khan Being Human Productions).Money which will be generated from film productions will be donated to Being Human. First film made under the banner was kids entertainer Chillar Party, which went on to win 3 National Awards, for Best Children's film, best original screenplay and Child Artist's Award .[53] [54]
Non film work[link]
Khan has started an NGO called 'Being Human' which will sell T-shirts and other products online and in stores. A portion of the sales will go to a worthy cause supporting the underprivileged.[55] In April 2012, he became the brand ambassador for the travel website, Yatra.com, which also made him a shareholder.[56].He has also endorsed the History Channel, Suzuki motorcycles,[57] and Mountain Dew with whom he ended the contract in December 2010.[58]
In January 2012, Khan has offered to pay 
40 lakh (US$79,800) for releasing around 400 prisoners from around 63 prisons in the state of Uttar Pradesh via his NGO. The prisoners had completed their term but due to economical reasons, they were unable to pay a legal fine for their charges.[59]
Awards and nominations[link]
Filmography[link]
Actor[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Other notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Biwi Ho To Aisi | Vicky Bhandari | |
| 1989 | Maine Pyar Kiya | Prem Choudhary | Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 1990 | Baaghi: A Rebel for Love | Saajan Sood | |
| 1991 | Sanam Bewafa | Salman Khan | |
| 1991 | Patthar Ke Phool | Inspector Suraj | |
| 1991 | Kurbaan | Akash Singh | |
| 1991 | Love | Prithvi | |
| 1991 | Saajan | Akash Varma | |
| 1992 | Suryavanshi | Vicky/Suryavanshi Vikram Singh | |
| 1992 | Ek Ladka Ek Ladki | Raja | |
| 1992 | Jaagruti | Jugnu | |
| 1992 | Nishchaiy | Rohan Yadav/Vasudev Gujral | |
| 1993 | Chandra Mukhi | Raja Rai | |
| 1993 | Dil Tera Aashiq | Vijay | |
| 1994 | Andaz Apna Apna | Prem Bhopali | |
| 1994 | Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! | Prem | |
| 1994 | Chaand Kaa Tukdaa | Shyam Malhotra | |
| 1994 | Sangdil Sanam | Kishan | |
| 1995 | Karan Arjun | Karan Singh/Ajay | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 1995 | Veergati | Ajay | |
| 1996 | Majhdhaar | Gopal | |
| 1996 | Khamoshi: The Musical | Raj | |
| 1996 | Jeet | Raju | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor |
| 1996 | Dushman Duniya Ka | Special appearance | |
| 1997 | Judwaa | Raja/Prem Malhotra | |
| 1997 | Auzaar | Inspector Suraj Prakash | |
| 1997 | Dus | Captain Jeet Sharma | Incomplete film |
| 1997 | Deewana Mastana | Prem Kumar | Special appearance |
| 1998 | Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya | Suraj Khanna | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 1998 | Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai | Suraj Dhanrajgir | |
| 1998 | Sar Utha Ke Jiyo | Special appearance | |
| 1998 | Bandhan | Raju | |
| 1998 | Kuch Kuch Hota Hai | Aman Mehra | Extended guest appearance Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor |
| 1999 | Jaanam Samjha Karo | Rahul | |
| 1999 | Biwi No.1 | Prem | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role |
| 1999 | Sirf Tum | Prem | Special appearance |
| 1999 | Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam | Sameer Rafillini | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 1999 | Hello Brother | Hero | |
| 1999 | Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United | Prem | |
| 2000 | Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge | Raja Oberoi | |
| 2000 | Chal Mere Bhai | Prem Oberoi | |
| 2000 | Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega | Raj/Romi | |
| 2000 | Dhaai Akshar Prem Ke | Special appearance | |
| 2000 | Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye | Prem Kapoor | |
| 2001 | Chori Chori Chupke Chupke | Raj Malhotra | |
| 2002 | Tumko Na Bhool Paayenge | Veer Singh Thakur/Ali | |
| 2002 | Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam | Suraj | |
| 2002 | Yeh Hai Jalwa | Raj 'Raju' Saxena/Raj Mittal | |
| 2003 | Love at Times Square | Special appearance | |
| 2003 | Stumped | Special appearance | |
| 2003 | Tere Naam | Radhe Mohan | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 2003 | Baghban | Alok Raj | Special appearance Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor |
| 2004 | Garv: Pride and Honour | Inspector Arjun Ranavat | |
| 2004 | Mujhse Shaadi Karogi | Sameer Malhotra | |
| 2004 | Phir Milenge | Rohit Manchanda | Extended guest appearance |
| 2004 | Dil Ne Jise Apna Kahaa | Rishabh | |
| 2005 | Lucky: No Time for Love | Aditya | |
| 2005 | Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya? | Dr. Samir Malhotra | |
| 2005 | No Entry | Prem | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role |
| 2005 | Kyon Ki | Anand | |
| 2006 | Saawan... The Love Season | Sameer Sam | Extended guest appearance |
| 2006 | Shaadi Karke Phas Gaya Yaar | Ayaan | |
| 2006 | Jaan-E-Mann | Suhaan Kapoor | |
| 2006 | Baabul | Avinash Kapoor | |
| 2007 | Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute To Love | Rahul | |
| 2007 | Partner | Prem Love Guru | |
| 2007 | Marigold: An Adventure in India | Prem | English language film |
| 2007 | Om Shanti Om | Himself | Special appearance in song "Deewangi Deewangi" |
| 2007 | Saawariya | Imaan | Extended guest appearance |
| 2008 | God Tussi Great Ho | Arun Prajapati | |
| 2008 | Hello | Chetan Bhagat | Special appearance |
| 2008 | Heroes | Balkar Singh/Jassvinder Singh | |
| 2008 | Yuvvraaj | Deven Yuvvraaj | |
| 2009 | Wanted | Radhe/Rajveer Shikhawat | |
| 2009 | Main Aurr Mrs Khanna | Samir Khanna | |
| 2009 | London Dreams | Mannu (Manjit Khosla) | |
| 2009 | Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani | Himself | Special appearance |
| 2010 | Veer | Veer | |
| 2010 | Prem Kaa Game | The Sutradhaar (Narrator) | Special appearance |
| 2010 | Dabangg | Inspector Chulbul Pandey (Robinhood Pandey) |
Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 2010 | Tees Maar Khan | Himself | Special appearance in song "Wallah Re Wallah" |
| 2010 | Isi Life Mein | Himself | Special appearance |
| 2011 | Ready | Prem Kapoor | |
| 2011 | Bodyguard | Lovely Singh | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 2011 | Tell Me O Kkhuda | Cameo | |
| 2011 | Do Aur Do Paanch | Extended guest appearance | |
| 2012 | Ek Tha Tiger | Filming | |
| 2012 | Ishkq in Paris | Special appearance[60] | |
| 2012 | Dabangg 2 | Inspector Chulbul Pandey (Robinhood Pandey) |
Filming [61] |
| 2013 | Andaz Apna Apna 3D[62] | Prem (voice) | Animated Film |
| 2013 | Sooraj Barjatya's next [63] | Prem | Announced |
Television presenter[link]
Writer[link]
- Baaghi: A Rebel for Love (1990)[64]
- Chandra Mukhi (1993)[65]
- Veer (2010)
Producer[link]
- Chillar Party (2011)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ PTI (27 December 2011). "Bollywood wishes Salman Khan on his 46th birthday". DNA India (New Delhi). http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_bollywood-wishes-salman-khan-on-his-46th-birthday_1630590. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ^ DABANGG Is 17th ALL TIME BLOCKBUSTER. Box Office India. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
- ^ Ramesh Dawar (2006), Bollywood Yesterday-Today-Tomorrow, Star Publications, ISBN 1-905863-01-2, p. 111. "Salman Khan is one of the most successful stars of Bollywood today. He is one of Indian cinema's hottest selling stars a safe bet any day."
- ^ Felicia Faye McMahon, Donald E. Lytle and Brian Sutton-Smith (2005), Play: An interdisciplinary synthesis, University Press of America, ISBN 0-7618-3042-1, p. 120. "The first night after the lights were turned out the girls stayed up chatting about Salman Khan and Sharukh Khan, two leading male actors in the Hindi film industry."
- ^ Stella Bruzzi, Pamela Church Gibson (2000), Fashion cultures: Theories, explorations, and analysis, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-20685-5, p. 182. "The action films of the 1980s saw the macho action-hero dominating the screen, who was replaced by the short, muscular hero with a pretty face in the 1990s. Salman Khan, one of the most popular, takes his shirt off several times in each movie to show his pumped body, frequently wearing gym-gear and American sportswear."
- ^ "Afghan traces Bolly Khans' Pathan roots". Mid Day. May 18, 2011. http://www.mid-day.com/news/2011/may/180511-Kabul-Pathan-community-Hindi-films-Bolly-Khans.htm. Retrieved December 11, 2011.
- ^ Kakaron, Javed Hamim (December 25, 2011). "Khans in Bollywood book published". Pajhwok Afghan News. http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/12/25/khans-bollywood-book-published. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
- ^ Salman denies backing Raj Thackeray. Rediff.com.
- ^ "I Am Half Hindu, Half Muslim, Says Salman Khan - Bollywood Movies". Zimbio. 2010-03-17. http://www.zimbio.com/Bollywood+Movies/articles/JLelbyaJC4B/Half+Hindu+Half+Muslim+Says+Salman+Khan. Retrieved 2011-12-25. "... as I am half Muslim and half Hindu. I just know that there are good or bad Hindus and good or bad Muslims."
- ^ "Salman Khan celebrates Mahashivratri". Hindustantimes. 2012-02-20. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Salman-Khan-celebrates-Mahashivratri/Article1-814210.aspx. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
- ^ Salman Khan Biography. HindiMovies.org.in. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ Salman Khan: From By-Lines to Bhai-Lines. Channel V India. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ "The Biggest Blockbusters Ever In Hindi Cinema". Box Office India. http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=350&catName=QmlnZ2VzdCBCbG9ja2J1c3RlcnMgRXZlcg==. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
- ^ 1990 box office results. BoxOfficeIndia.com.
- ^ "1991: Of Super-Hits & Stars". screenindia.Com. http://www.screenindia.com/news/1991-of-superhits-&-stars/814111/. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
- ^ "Filmfare, Hits & Misses". 1991 Box Office. January,1992.
- ^ a b c d e "Salman Khan's box office filmography". BoxOfficeIndia.Com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071116053128/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/salmankhan.htm. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
- ^ "All Time Grossers Inflation Adjusted". BoxOfficeIndia.Com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061024031908/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/alltime.htm. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
- ^ The Nominations – 1995.
- ^ The Winners – 1995.
- ^ Top Lifetime Grossers 1995–1999.
- ^ Adarsh, Taran (8 March 2001). "Chori Chori Chupke Chupke: Movie Review". Indiafm.com. http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/6728/index.html. Retrieved 25 January 2008.
- ^ Us Salam, Ziya (16 March 2001). "Film review: Chori Chori Chupke Chupke". The Hindu. http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001/03/16/stories/09160223.htm. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
- ^ Adarsh, Taran (15 August 2003). "Tere Naam". indiaFM. http://indiafm.com/movies/review/7078/index.html. Retrieved 21 February 2008.
- ^ "Box Office Results Top Grosses by Decades and Years – 2007". International Business Overview Standard. http://www.ibosnetwork.com/asp/topgrossersbyyear.asp?year=2007. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
- ^ "God Tussi Great Ho". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=godtussigreatho.htm. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
- ^ Lakhvinder Baddhan (25 August 2008). "Sony TV regains numero three position". BizAsia UK. http://media247.co.uk/bizasia/newsarchive/2008/08/sony_tv_regains.php. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
- ^ Sampurn Wire (17 November 2009). "Super Hit on DTH". http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/main-aur-mrs-khanna-a-super-hit-on-dth-with-rs-21-crore-gross_100276229.html. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- ^ "Dabangg beats 3 Idiots, collects Rs 14 crore on opening day". Hindustan Times. 11 September 2010. http://www.hindustantimes.com/dabangg-beats-3-idiots-collects-rs-14-crore-on-opening-day/Article1-598793.aspx. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
- ^ "Dabangg Is 17th All Time Blockbuster". Box Office India. http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=2043&nCat=box_office_news. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
- ^ Chopra, Anupama (10 September 2010). "Review: Dabangg". NDTV movies. NDTV. http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_review.aspx?id=547&albumname=Review:+Dabangg&cp. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
- ^ Verma Ambwani, Meenakshi (1 September 2011). "Salman Khan's Bodyguard sets record for first-day box office collections of Rs 20 crore". The Times Of India. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-01/news/29953680_1_theatres-movies-salman-khan-s-bodyguard. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ^ Adarsh, Taran. "Bodyguard : Movie Review by Taran Adarsh". http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14340/index.html. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ^ "'Masand ki Pasand' is Salman Khan this time". Indian television. 25 March 2004. http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k4/mar/martube17.htm. Retrieved 23 August 2006.
- ^ "Salman still dares to 'bare' at 40". CNN-IBN. 27 December 2005. http://www.ibnlive.com/news/salman-still-dares-to-bare-at-40/2843-8.html. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
- ^ Indo-Asian News Service (15 January 2008). "Salman Khan unveils wax figure at Madame Tussauds". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=ac5beb5b-fe5f-4634-8114-bda3ce468c95&&Headline=Salman+Khan+unveils+wax+figure+at+Madame+Tussauds. Retrieved 15 January 2008.
- ^ "Salman Khan now live at Madame Tussauds". Madametussauds.com. http://www.madametussauds.com/London/OurFigures/Bollywoodstars/SalmanKhan/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
- ^ "Salman Khan's jeep runs over pavement dwellers, one dead; actor surrenders". Rediff.com. 28 September 2002. http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/sep/28khan.htm.
- ^ Ahmed, Zubair (3 September 2003). "Bollywood homicide charge dropped". BBC News South Asia. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3076990.stm. Retrieved 16 October 2006.
- ^ "Chinkara case: Salman Khan told to appear in person". Times of India. 7 February 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-07/india/28547669_1_chinkara-case-bhawad-salman-khan. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
- ^ "Salman granted bail on poaching case". Sify. 13 April 2006. http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=14184053. Retrieved 28 June 2006.
- ^ a b c Salman causes uproar with Mumbai attack comment, aplologises
- ^ a b The Economic Times - Salman Khan apologises over Mumbai attacks remark
- ^ NewsVideo - Youtube
- ^ a b Salman causes uproar with Mumbai attack comment, aplologises
- ^ "Salman in news for the wrong reasons". Tribune of India. 3 March 2002. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020303/spectrum/main6.htm.
- ^ Ahmed, Afsana; Sharma, Smrity (27 September 2002). "Salman harassing me, says Aishwarya". The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/23402266.cms.
- ^ "Police records Salman Khan's voice, Ash keeps mum". The Tribune. 18 July 2005. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050718/nation.htm#1.
- ^ "Salman cleared in Aishwarya tape case". Associated Press. 16 September 2005. http://www.dawn.com/2005/09/17/int6.htm. Retrieved 23 August 2006.
- ^ "Salman was my first serious relationship: Katrina Kaif". December 7, 2011. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Salman-was-my-first-serious-relationship-Katrina-Kaif/Article1-778948.aspx.
- ^ "Salman suffering from the suicide disease". August 24, 2011. http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Cinema-Interviews/Salman-suffering-from-the-suicide-disease/Article1-737044.aspx.
- ^ "The Salman Khan Foundation". December 7, 2011. http://www.beinghumanonline.com/about_foundation.php.
- ^ "SKBH Productions to do charity". Jun 10 2011. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/skbh-productions-to-do-charity/800979.
- ^ "Chillar Party wins 3 National Awards!". Mar 7, 201. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-07/news-interviews/31131842_1_chillar-party-vikas-bahl-national-award.
- ^ Our Bureau. "Business Line : Industry & Economy / Marketing : Salman Khan’s NGO Being Human to launch stores by Feb". Thehindubusinessline.com. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/marketing/article2717241.ece. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
- ^ "No one-time endorsement fee, stars have more at stake now: Salman?s deal with yatra.com is part of a growing trend". Business Standard. Apr 13, 2012. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/no-one-time-endorsement-fee-stars-have-more-at-stake-now/471124/.
- ^ http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/marketing/article3328776.ece
- ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Salman-Khan-won-t-endorse-Mountain-Dew/Article1-845891.aspx
- ^ "Salman Khan to help free 400 prison inmates in Uttar Pradesh". http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/salman-to-help-free-400-prison-inmates-in-up/20120127.htm. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
- ^ "Salman Khan in Preity's Ishkq In Paris". April 03, 2012. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Salman-Khan-in-Preity-s-Ishkq-In-Paris/Article1-834833.aspxl.
- ^ "Salman takes over Kamalistan". March 09, 2012. http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/30/2012030920120309020135802a0b7334e/Salman-takes-over-Kamalistan.html.
- ^ "Salman Khan to lend voice for Andaz Apna Apna in 3D". 16 APRIL , 2012. http://businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=20488.
- ^ "Exclusive info on Salman's next... straight from Sooraj R. Barjatya". May 29, 2012. http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1443524/Exclusive-info-on-Salman's-next...-straight-from-Sooraj-R.-Barjatya.
- ^ "Baaghi: A Rebel for Love (1990)/Trivia". July 25, 2011. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0099080/trivia.
- ^ "Chandra Mukhi - IMDB Information". May 15, 2012. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0106541/.
Further reading[link]
- Ghosh, Biswadeep (2004). Hall of Fame: Salman Khan. Mumbai: Magna Books. ISBN 81-7809-249-2.
External links[link]
- Salman Khan at the Internet Movie Database
- Salman Khan on Twitter
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Khan, Salman |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Film actor, Television Presenter |
| Date of birth | 27 December 1965 |
| Place of birth | Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Salman_Khan
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
