Teletubbies is a British BBC children's television series targeted at pre-school viewers and produced from 1997 to 2002 by Ragdoll Productions. It was created by Ragdoll's creative director Anne Wood CBE and Andrew Davenport, who wrote each of the show's 365 episodes. The programme's original narrator was Tim Whitnall. Teletubbies first aired on 31 March 1997, was syndicated in the United States on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) public television on 6 April 1998 and aired until 19 June 2005.[1] In 2002 production was cancelled and it was announced that no new episodes would be produced, with the last episode being aired on 5 January 2002. However, a total of 365 episodes had been produced – enough for a full year.[2]
Teletubbies, particularly notable for its high production values, rapidly became a critical and commercial success in Britain and abroad and won a BAFTA in 1998.[3] Teletubbies Everywhere was awarded "Best Pre-school Live Action Series" at the 2002 Children's BAFTA Awards.[4]
Although the programme is aimed at children between the ages of one and four, it had a substantial cult following with older generations, mainly university and college students.[5] The mixture of bright colours, unusual designs, repetitive non-verbal dialogue, ritualistic format, and the occasional forays into physical comedy appealed to many who perceived the programme as having psychedelic qualities. Teletubbies was controversial for this reason. Other critics felt the show was insufficiently educational.[3]
The programme was also at the centre of a controversy when American cleric and conservative pundit Jerry Falwell claimed in 1999 that Tinky Winky, one of the Teletubbies, was a homosexual role model for children. Falwell based this conclusion on the character's purple colour and triangular antenna; both the colour purple and the triangle are sometimes used as symbols of the Gay Pride movement.[6] 'Teletubbies say "Eh-oh!"', a single based on the show's theme song, reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart in December 1997 and remained in the Top 75 for 32 weeks, selling over a million copies.
The programme features four colourful main characters: Tinky Winky, Dipsy, Laa-Laa, and Po, who live in a futuristic dome (the "Tubbytronic Superdome") set in a landscape of rolling green hills. The environment is dotted with unusually talkative flowers and periscope-like "voice trumpets". The only natural fauna are rabbits (although birds are often heard, particularly blackcaps and wrens[citation needed]). The climate is always sunny and pleasant, save for occasional inclement days with rain and puddles, and snow at Christmas time. A huge windmill that is shaped like a pinwheel dominates the background landscape.
The Teletubbies have the body proportions, behaviour, and language of toddlers. The pacing and design of the show was developed by cognitive psychologist Andrew Davenport, who structured the show to fit the attention spans of the target audience. The repetition of practically every word is familiar to everyone who has ever worked with young children.
The Teletubbies speak in a gurgling baby language that has been the subject of some controversy among educationalists, some of whom argue that this supposedly made-up talk is not good for children.[7] The Teletubbies are at the stage of understanding speech but not yet fully capable of articulating it, exactly like their target audience. They often simply groan in disapproval in situations where a human toddler would throw a tantrum. The Teletubbies' catch-phrases are "Eh-oh" (hello), "Uh-oh," a common toddler response to anything that's not good, "Run away! Run away!," especially from Dipsy, and "Bye-bye" at least three times in a row. Laa-Laa, when flustered, will explode with "Bibberly cheese!" Perhaps the most common exclamation is "Big hug!"
At the beginning of each episode the sun rises, with this scene fading to a view panning along the manicured grass of Teletubbyland to the edge of a hill overlooking the Tubbytronic Superdome while a male narrator says "Over the hills and far away, Teletubbies come to play." The camera zooms in on a hole in the roof of the house, after which each Teletubby pops out one by one, with the first one calling out "one," the second saying "two," and so on until all four Teletubbies have made their entrance.
In various episodes, a blue carousel appears out of the sky and lands in the Teletubbies' land. The shades open up revealing it consists of a small yellow teddy bear with a straw top hat, a cane, a blue bowtie, and a magenta vest that will then tap dance for the Teletubbies. This scene first appeared in the fifth episode, "Painting With Hands and Feet". In it's first appearance, after the teddy bear is finished performing, the Teletubbies cheer and demand "Again! Again!", and the dance is repeated once more.
In the closing sequence, all the Teletubbies say "Bye-Bye" three times. The narrator bids each Teletubby goodbye, and they disappear, but reappear a moment later saying "Boo!" The narrator then says "No" (which they mimic), and proceeds to say goodbye to each Teletubby again. The sun is then shown setting, and the Teletubbies each say goodbye again, before jumping down the hole in the roof of their house. Finally, one Teletubby says goodbye a fourth time; they pop out of a hole in the house and say "Bye-bye!" For special episodes and at the end of the Fun with the Teletubbies' cassette, all four Teletubbies say "Bye-bye" in this way. Many of the occurrences of the show, including the end sequence, the magical events and the scene preceding the short film broadcast on a character's tummy were shot only once, and the same scenes are used in each episode. A prominent feature of each episode is a radiant sun with the image of a smiling baby superimposed upon it. The baby in the sun, portrayed by Jessica Smith,[8] occasionally laughs out loud in short bursts.
The Teletubbies' diet seems to be almost exclusively "Tubby Custard" and "Tubby Toast." They eat the custard either dumping a bowl of it into their mouths or sucking it through a spiral straw. Tubby Toast is circular toast with a smiley face on it. The characters are very messy eaters.
In January 2003, a new 10-minute segment was added to the show called "Teletubbies Everywhere." This segment has a random Teletubby combine the humour of the original with various series of simple games, counting exercises, musical patterns and rhythms that are designed to develop children's cognitive skills.[9]
The Teletubbies' landscape is an outdoor set located in rural Warwickshire, England, at Sweet Knowle Farm, Redhill Bank Rd, Whimpstone, CV37 8NR (between Stratford upon Avon and Shipston on Stour, close to the River Stour[10]). Since filming ended, the fixtures and fittings have been removed from the set, and it appears to have been flooded to form a pond. The paved track leading to the former set still exists, and is the only extant reminder.[11]
Tinky Winky (played by Dave Thompson, Mark Heenehan, and Simon Shelton) is the first Teletubby. He is the largest and oldest of the Teletubbies, is covered in purple terrycloth, and has a triangular antenna on his head. He is notable for the red luggage (described by the show as a "magic bag", but often described by other media as a handbag) he always carries. His character has caused controversy following allegations that his character's behaviour, bag and body colour have stereotypical homosexual qualities.
Dipsy (played by John Simmit) is the second Teletubby. He is green and is named "Dipsy" because his antenna resembles a dipstick. Dipsy is the most stubborn of the Teletubbies, and will sometimes refuse to go along with the other Teletubbies' group opinion. His face is also notably darker than the rest of the Teletubbies, and the creators have stated that he is Black.[12]
Laa-Laa (played by Nikky Smedley) is the third Teletubby. She is yellow, and has a curly antenna. She likes to sing and dance, and is often seen to look out for the other Teletubbies.
Po (played by Pui Fan Lee) is the fourth and last Teletubby. She is the smallest and youngest of the Teletubbies, is red, and has an antenna shaped like a stick used for blowing soap bubbles. Po can sometimes be mischievous and naughty. She has been stated by the show's creators to be Cantonese,[12] and as such, she is bilingual, speaking both English and Cantonese.
Noo-Noo (prononced Nuu-Nuu) seems to be both the Teletubbies' guardian and housekeeper, due to its resemblance to a vacuum cleaner, which is its principal purpose in the house. Noo-Noo hardly ever ventures outside, instead remaining indoors and constantly cleaning with its sucker-like nose. It does not speak like the other characters, instead communicating through a series of slurping and sucking noises. At times, Noo-Noo gets annoyed with the Teletubbies' antics and can vacuum their food or toys. This usually prompts the Teletubbies to scold Noo-Noo through a cry of "Naughty Noo-Noo!"
The show also features the voices of Tim Whitnall, Toyah Willcox, Eric Sykes, and occasionally Sandra Dickinson and Penelope Keith, all of whom provide narration. The only physical cast members are Tamzin Griffin and Jessica Smith.
To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the premiere of Teletubbies, a series of events took place at the end of March through the beginning of April 2007.[13] The characters appeared outside of Teletubbyland for the first time on 21 March 2007 in London, England at an invitation-only event to officially begin the programme's tenth anniversary year sponsored by BBC Worldwide, the programme's licensees. They appeared in the United States for the first time at appearances in New York City's Times Square, Grand Central Terminal, and Apollo Theater. They also appeared on The Today Show on 29 March 2007. The episode included the first ever televised interview with the actors outside of their costumes. A partnership was formed with Isaac Mizrahi in which Mizrahi designed Teletubbies-inspired bags to be auctioned off to benefit the Cure Autism Now and Autism Speaks charities. A new line of clothing was launched to be sold in the Pop-Up Shop and other specialty stores. New York City mayor Mike Bloomberg announced 28 March 2007 "Teletubbies Day" and gave the key to the city to the Teletubbies.
A Pop-up shop opened in New York City's West Village from 28 March to 7 April 2007. A percentage of the store's profits went to the Cure Autism Now and Autism Speaks charities.
Following the Teletubbies' appearance in New York City, they went on their first live European tour, performing shows in London, Paris, Bremen, Darmstadt, Halle (Saale), Hamburg, Köln, and Hannover.
Tinky Winky started a still hinted-at controversy in 1999 because of his carrying a bag that looks much like a woman's handbag (although he was first "outed" by the academic and cultural critic Andy Medhurst in a letter of July 1997 to The Face). He aroused the interest of Jerry Falwell in 1999 when Falwell alleged that the character was a "gay role model". Falwell issued an attack in his National Liberty Journal, citing a Washington Post "In/Out" column which stated that lesbian comedian Ellen DeGeneres was "out" as the chief national gay representative, while trendy Tinky Winky was "in." He warned parents that Tinky Winky could be a covert homosexual symbol, because "he is purple, the gay pride colour, and his antenna is shaped like a triangle: the gay pride symbol."[6]
The BBC, who co-produced the programme, made an official response, "Tinky Winky is simply a sweet, technological baby with a magic bag." Ken Viselman of Itsy-Bitsy Entertainment, who distributed the show in the USA, commented, "He's not gay. He's not straight. He's just a character in a children's series."[15]
In May 2007, Polish Ombudsman for Children Ewa Sowińska revisited the matter, and planned to order an investigation.[16] She said in the 28 May 2007 edition of Wprost that the handbag-carrying Tinky Winky could promote homosexuality. Journalists from Wprost mentioned claims that the Teletubbies promote homosexuality, to which Sowińska replied that she had heard of the issue. The journalists then asked about Tinky Winky. "I noticed that he has a woman's handbag, but I didn't realize he's a boy," Sowińska told the magazine in an interview that her office approved before publication, adding, "Later I learned that there could be some hidden homosexual undertones." Sowińska said she would ask her office's psychologists to look into the allegations, "and judge whether it can be shown on public television and whether the suggested problem really exists."
But on 30 May 2007, Sowińska said in a public statement that she no longer suspected the Teletubbies of promoting homosexuality. She said: "The opinion of a leading sexologist, who maintains that this series has no negative effects on a child's psychology, is perfectly credible. As a result I have decided that it is no longer necessary to seek the opinion of other psychologists."[17]
Despite the objections, the Independent on Sunday's editors included Tinky Winky as the only fictional character in the 2008 inaugural "Happy List", alongside 99 real-life adults recognised for making Britain a better and happier place.[18]
In an unrelated incident, reported in 2000, a girl's Tinky Winky toy reportedly said "I got a gun." Kenn Viselman claimed the toy actually said "Again, again!" a catchphrase from the show.[19] In a similar incident in 1998, a girl's talking Po doll was thought to be saying "faggot faggot, faggot faggot, faggot faggot, bite my butt", as well as "fatty, fatty." The toy was recalled and it was revealed to have said "fidit, fidit, and mon, mon" inspired by the Cantonese for "faster, faster, and slower, slower". [20]
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This "In popular culture" section may contain minor or trivial references. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances, and remove trivial references. (April 2012) |
- In 1998, Tom Fulp of Newgrounds created a spoof of Teletubbies called "Teletubby Fun Land"[21] which resulted in a lawsuit from the BBC.[22] This resulted in a boost of notoriety and media exposure, and the video was renamed Tellybubby Fun Land.
- In The Simpsons episode "Hello Gutter, Hello Fadder," Homer dresses up like a Teletubby to entertain Maggie, remarking "...and I'm all man, in case you heard otherwise" in reference to claims by Jerry Falwell. In the episode "Missionary: Impossible," the Teletubbies are among the PBS characters and personalities that are chasing Homer after he defaulted on his $10,000 pledge. A third reference is also seen in one the "couch gags".
- In the Family Guy episode "A Hero Sits Next Door," Lois makes Stewie watch the Teletubbies because he was not allowed to look at the photo albums. Stewie does not like them at first, but then starts to like them once he gets used to them. (Note: Laa Laa is pink and all the other Teletubbies have different antennas on their heads than the original ones)
- In The Fairly OddParents episode "Imaginary Gary," TV Tubbies, based on the Teletubbies, were stored inside Timmy's mind. One of each TV Tubbie was also used to block Cosmo and Wanda's ears to stop them from hearing Timmy.
- In the 6 June 2007, second season, eleventh episode of The Chaser's War on Everything, the possibility of Tinky Winky being homosexual was parodied when the Chaser's tested the Peel Hotel (in Collingwood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia)'s gaydar (the hotel's Peel dancebar was given the right to ban heterosexual patrons) with a Tinky Winky costumed figure that acted in a stereotypical homosexual fashion. The controversy surrounding this possibility was further satirised with the Tinky Winky figure visiting a Polish Club (Poland having been dealing with a scandal surrounding Tinky Winky being possibly homosexual and thus corrupting children).
In December 1997, BBC Worldwide released a CD single from the series, based on the show's theme song, called Teletubbies say "Eh-oh!". The song is the only single from Teletubbies, making them a one-hit wonder in the United Kingdom, and mostly a remix of the theme song from the hit Television programme performed by the series characters written by Andrew McCrorie-Shand and Andrew Davenport. Produced by McCrorie-Shand and Steve James, this single reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart in December 1997, remaining in the Top 75 for 32 weeks after its release, selling over a million copies.[24]
- Australia : ABC 4 Kids, CBeebies
- Belgium: VTM
- Brazil: Rede Globo, Tv Cultura and Discovery Kids
- Bulgaria BTV
- Canada: BBC Kids, TVOntario and Télé-Québec
- China: CCTV
- Colombia: Caracol
- Czech Republic: TV Nova, TV Barrandov
- Denmark: TV2
- Dominican Republic : Telecentro
- Ecuador: Red TV Ecuador, Telesistema
- Estonia: Kanal 2 (Formerly TV1)
- Finland: YLE
- France: Canal+, Tiji
- Galicia: TVG
- Germany: KiKa
- Greece: Star Channel
- Hong Kong: ATV World
- Iceland: Sjónvarpið, Stöð 2
- India: CBeebies, Prasar Bharati
- Indonesia: Indosiar, antv
- Israel: Channel 1,The Kids Channel
- Italy: RAI's RAISat Yo-Yo (Italian website: [1])
- Japan: Kids Station
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Teletubbies has been broadcast in many different countries, thus involving a foreign title.
- ^ "The Trouble With Teletubbies". Commercialexploitation.org. http://www.commercialexploitation.org/articles/featured/troubleteletubbies.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-10.
- ^ 29 June 2002 (29 June 2001). "CBBC wants first tenders | News | Broadcast". Broadcast now.co.uk. http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/news/multi-platform/news/cbbc-wants-first-tenders/1177573.article. Retrieved 2010-07-10.
- ^ a b http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/287940.stm BBC News Entertainment: Tubbies toast another three years
- ^ "Past Winners and Nominees – Children's – Awards – 2002". BAFTA. http://www.bafta.org/awards/childrens/nominations/?year=2002. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
- ^ Gutenko, Gregory. "Deconstructing Teletubbies: Differences between UK and US college students' reading of the children's television programme.". Kansas City, Missouri, USA: College of Arts & Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City. "Unexpectedly, the four furry alien-like "techno-baby" Teletubbies and their surreal Tubbyland world have also generated a cult following among college students. (The campus activities calendar at Imperial College includes the airtimes and episode highlights for each show.)"
- ^ a b Falwell Sees 'Gay' In a Teletubby. New York Times. 11 February 1999. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F05E4DD1F3BF932A25751C0A96F958260.
- ^ Literacy Today article regarding a study which found Teletubbies had a negative impact on toddlers in both vocabulary size and expressive language use.
- ^ "New dawn for Teletubbies". BBC News. 17 February 1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/281297.stm. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ "Teletubbies: Program summary". PBS Parents. http://www.pbs.org/parents/teletubbies/progsummary.html.
- ^ Sweet Knowle Farm is at coordinates 52°07′32″N 1°42′12″W / 52.125515°N 1.703446°W / 52.125515; -1.703446 (Sweet Knowle Farm)
- ^ http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=52.125515,+-1.703446&aq=&sll=52.125315,-1.702639&sspn=0.001238,0.003484&vpsrc=0&t=h&ie=UTF8&z=16
- ^ a b http://pbskids.org/teletubbies/parentsteachers/progfaq.html
- ^ Rusak, Gary (12 March 2007). "Teletubbies celebrate 10th anniversary in high style". KidScreen Magazine. http://www.kidscreen.com/articles/daily/20070312/teletubbies.html.
- ^ Marwan Kraidy (2005). Hybridity, Or the Cultural Logic of Globalization. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-1-59213-144-0. http://books.google.com/?id=3Ms7azOI8UgC.
- ^ Adam Easton (28 May 2007). Poland targets 'gay' Teletubbies. BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6698753.stm.
- ^ Polish watchdog backs away from Teletubbies probe. CBC. 30 May 2007. http://www.cbc.ca/arts/tv/story/2007/05/30/teletubby-poland-noprobe.html.
- ^ The IoS Happy List 2008 – the 100
- ^ Dotinga, Randy (12 April 2000). "Lawsuit to Target Teletubbies for Gun Talk". APBNews. Archived from the original on 10 May 2000. http://web.archive.org/web/20000510155551/http://www.apbnews.com/newscenter/breakingnews/2000/04/12/teletubbies0412_01.html.
- ^ Teletubbies Q&A's
- ^ Newgrounds Presents: Teletubby Fun Land
- ^ Newgrounds Literature
- ^ "Just Call Matsuzaka ‘Dipsy’" – The New York Times, 17 September 2007
- ^ Teletubbies top the charts. BBC. 7 December 1997. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/37712.stm. Retrieved 2008-12-29.