Rebekah Brooks

Tuesday, 15 January 2013

Rebekah Brooks reveals messages from politicians

Rebekah Brooks (McCanns) LEVESON INQUIRY May 11th 2012

Rebekah Brooks 'subject to a witchhunt' says her husband

Rebekah Brooks Leveson Inquiry LOL Cameron

Rebekah Brooks' car gets trapped leaving Lewisham police station

Rebekah Brooks arrested in phone hacking probe

Did Rebekah Brooks THREATEN David Cameron? - McCann Scotland Yard Review -

Rebekah Brooks' text to David Cameron: 'Yes he Cam!'

Rebekah Brooks charged with perverting the course of justice

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Bell Pottinger Group
Bell Pottinger Group plc (informally Bell Pottinger) is a British multinational public relations and marketing company headquartered in London, United Kingdom and a wholly owned subsidiary of Chime Communications plc. It is the largest UK-based public relations consultancy measured by 2010 fee income.
Bell Pottinger offers services such as lobbying, speech writing, search engine optimisation and "sorting" Wikipedia articles to clients including companies, governments and high net worth individuals. In December 2011 it came under public scrutiny after managers were secretly recorded talking to fake representatives of the Uzbek government and abusing Wikipedia by removing negative information and replacing it with positive spin.
Lord Bell, who advised Margaret Thatcher on media matters when she was British Prime Minister, is a co-founder of Bell Pottinger and Chairman of its parent company, Chime Communications.
In 1998, Lowe Bell was renamed the Bell Pottinger Group. In 2000 the Bell Pottinger Group acquired Harvard Public Relations and QBO, which was renamed Bell Pottinger Public Relations. In 2001 Bell Pottinger acquired MMK in Germany and also The Smart Company, which was merged into Corporate Citizenship when the Group acquired it in 2007. In 2003 Resonate, a consumer public relations company was set up. In 2004 Bell Pottinger Communications USA was launched and in 2005 Bell Pottinger Middle East was launched with offices in Bahrain in 2009. In 2009 Bell Pottinger Change & Internal Communications was launched and Ptarmigan in Leeds was acquired by the Bell Pottinger Group.

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BSkyB
British Sky Broadcasting Group plc (commonly known as BSkyB; trading as Sky) is a British satellite broadcasting, broadband and telephony services company headquartered in London, United Kingdom, with operations in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Formed in 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB is the largest pay-TV broadcaster in the United Kingdom and Ireland with over 11 million subscribers.
BSkyB is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It had a market capitalisation of approximately £12.6 billion (US$19.8 billion) as of 23 December 2011, the 29th-largest of any company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange.News Corporation owns a 39.14 per cent controlling stake in the company.
Sky Television was set up by Rupert Murdoch in 1989. The SES Astra satellite network began with the launch of Astra 1A in 1989. Sky Television plc was the first customer of Astra and leased four transponders on Astra 1A ahead of its launch. Alan Sugar's Amstrad began manufacturing the original sateillite dishes and set-top boxes, something which it still does today. With the launch of more Astra satellites from 1991 onward, Sky was able to begin expanding its services, (the Astra satellites were all orbiting co-located at 19.2° east so they could be received using the same satellite dish).

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Daresbury
Coordinates: 53°20′24″N 2°37′55″W / 53.34°N 2.6319°W / 53.34; -2.6319
Daresbury is a village, civil parish and ward in the unitary authority of Halton and part of the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is covered by the Weaver Vale constituency. At the 2001 Census, the population of the parish was 216, with a total ward population of 3,906.
The most notable attributes of Daresbury are that it was the birthplace (some 1.5 miles south of the village) of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland author Lewis Carroll (real name Charles Dodgson), and that the Science and Technology Facilities Council Daresbury Laboratory had a synchrotron research facility called the Synchrotron Radiation Source, closed in August 2008.
Controversy arose in the late 1990s when Diamond, a new synchrotron light source planned to be built at the Laboratory, went instead to the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, near Didcot in Oxfordshire.
Daresbury has become a place of pilgrimage because of the Lewis Carroll association. There is a recently completed Lewis Carroll Visitor Centre. The parish church of All Saints has a Lewis Carroll window, including an image of the Cheshire Cat.

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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.

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Ofcom
The Office of Communications (Welsh: Y Swyddfa Gyfathrebiadau), commonly known as Ofcom, is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom. Ofcom was initially established by the Office of Communications Act 2002 and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003.
Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, internet, telecoms and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from what might be considered harmful or offensive material. Some of the main areas Ofcom presides over are licensing, research, codes and policies, complaints, competition and protecting the radio spectrum from abuse.
The creation of Ofcom was announced in the Queen's Speech to the UK parliament in June 2001. The new body, which would replace several existing authorities, was conceived as a "super-regulator" to oversee media channels that were rapidly converging through digital transmission.

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Sky News
Sky News is a 24-hour British and international satellite television news broadcaster with an emphasis on UK and international news stories.
The service places emphasis on rolling news, including the latest breaking news. Sky News also hosts localised versions of the channel in Australia and in New Zealand, as well as their previously operated version in Ireland. Sky News is also offered in an international version without the British adverts under the name Sky News International available in Europe and Asia.
Based at a news centre in London, Sky News started broadcasting on 5 February 1989 as part of the then four-channel Sky Television service. Sky News provides an hourly news radio service to multiple radio networks in the UK and Ireland. The channel currently has seven UK bases each with their own correspondents, and the channel can also call upon a wide range of resources and global bureaux provided by its parent company News Corporation such as reporters from Fox News Channel and Fox Business Network (its sister news and business channels).

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Wapping
Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°03′40″W / 51.5073°N 0.0610°W / 51.5073; -0.0610
Wapping (/ˈwɒpɪŋ/ WOP-ing) is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. It is situated between the north bank of the River Thames and the ancient thoroughfare simply called The Highway. Wapping's proximity to the river has given it a strong maritime character, which it retains through its riverside public houses and steps, such as the Prospect of Whitby and Wapping Stairs.
Many of the original buildings were demolished during the construction of the London Docks and Wapping was further seriously damaged during the Blitz. As the London Docklands declined after the Second World War, the area became run down, with the great warehouses left empty. The area's fortunes were transformed during the 1980s by the London Docklands Development Corporation when the warehouses started to be converted into luxury flats.
Rupert Murdoch moved his News International printing and publishing works into Wapping in 1986, resulting in a trade union dispute that became known as the "Battle of Wapping".

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Warrington
Warrington is a town, borough and unitary authority area of Cheshire, England. It stands on the banks of the River Mersey, which is tidal to the west of the weir at Howley. It lies 16 miles east of Liverpool, 19 miles west of Manchester and 8 miles south of St Helens. The population of the borough is 198,900. Its population has more than doubled since its designation as a New Town in 1968.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey. A new settlement was established by the Saxons and by the Middle Ages, Warrington had emerged as a market town at a bridging point of the river. A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time.
The expansion and urbanisation of Warrington largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. The West Coast Mainline runs north to south through the town, and the Liverpool to Manchester railway (the Cheshire Lines route) west to east. The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough (west to east). The M6, M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town.

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Andy Coulson
Andrew Edward Coulson (born 21 January 1968) is an English journalist and political strategist.
Coulson was the editor of the News of the World from 2003 until his resignation in 2007, following the conviction of one of the newspaper's reporters in relation to illegal phone-hacking.
He subsequently joined David Cameron's personnel as communications director, until announcing his departure on 21 January 2011 because of continued media coverage of the phone-hacking affair. He was replaced on 2 February 2011 by former BBC Global News Controller of English Craig Oliver. Coulson was arrested by the Metropolitan Police Service on 8 July 2011 "in connection with allegations of corruption and phone hacking".
He was detained and charged with perjury by Strathclyde Police on 30 May 2012.
Coulson grew up in Wickford, Essex. He attended Beauchamps High School, a secondary school and sixth form college, from 1979 to 1986. Coulson's parents moved from their Basildon council house to nearby Wickford during his childhood.

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Andy Hayman
Andrew Christopher "Andy" Hayman, CBE, QPM (born 1959) is a retired British police officer and author of The Terrorist Hunters. Hayman held the rank of Chief Constable of Norfolk Constabulary and Assistant Commissioner for Specialist Operations at London's Metropolitan Police, the highest ranking officer responsible for counter-terrorism in the United Kingdom. Hayman was directly responsible for the investigation into the 7 July 2005 London bombings. He has also spoken for the Association of Chief Police Officers, first on drugs policy, and later on counter-terrorism.
Born in Essex in 1959, Hayman is married and has two children. He joined Essex Police from school in 1978, rising to the rank of superintendent in 1995 and subsequently to chief superintendent in 1997. In 1998, Hayman transferred to the Metropolitan Police and gained the rank of commander, taking charge of the force's drugs unit, before moving on to head the Directorate of Professional Standards and to serve as an aide to the deputy commissioner. From 1998 to 2005, Hayman was also the spokesman on drugs for the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO).

wn.com/Andy_Hayman
Anne Diamond
Anne Margaret Diamond (born 8 September 1954) is an English radio and television presenter and journalist. She hosted Good Morning Britain for TV-am and the similarly titled Good Morning... with Anne and Nick for BBC1, both with Nick Owen as her co-presenter. Currently Anne presents a phone-in show on BBC Radio Berkshire on weekday mornings from 10am to 1pm and makes regular appearances airing her views as a panelist on The Wright Stuff on Channel 5 and BBC London, and is a regular columnist for the Daily Mail. She is most well known for her successful campaigning for research into cot death following the death of her third son Sebastian. A campaign which she co-founded in 1991 was reported to have cut the incidents of cot death in the UK from 2,000 a year to close on 300.
Diamond's parents were of Irish ancestry, although her father was raised in Scotland. She was born and grew up in Malvern, Worcestershire, and she attended Worcester Grammar School for Girls. She is the cousin of Scots singer-songwriter Jim Diamond.

wn.com/Anne_Diamond
Arthur Waters
Arthur George Waters (27 February 1888 – 17 November 1953) was a British newspaper editor.
Waters grew up in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, and began his career in journalism with the Barry Dock News. He subsequently became a sub-editor at the Western Mail and the Evening Express in Cardiff, then joined the News of the World in 1914. He gradually rose through the ranks, and was appointed as editor of the paper in 1947, serving until his sudden and unexpected death in 1953. By then, the newspaper was selling more than 8,000,000 copies per issue.

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Barry Askew
Barry Askew (13 December 1936 – 17 April 2012) was a British journalist, editor of the Lancashire Evening Post and briefly of the News of the World.
Askew grew up in Preston, and worked for the Lancashire Evening Post, winning the IPC National Press Awards Campaigning Journalist award in 1972, and soon becoming editor of the paper.
In April 1981, Askew was appointed as editor of the News of the World, partly on the recommendation of Harold Evans, editor of The Times. In early December, he came into conflict with the Queen after claiming that if Princess Diana felt harassed by press photographers she should send a servant out to shop for her. At the end of the month, he left the newspaper, and spent the rest of his career in various short-term provincial posts.

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Bernard Shrimsley
Bernard Shrimsley is a British newspaper editor and writer. He was editor of The Sun (1972–1975) and the News of the World (1975–80). He launched the Mail on Sunday in 1980 and acted as a director of the paper from 1980 to 1982. He was assistant editor (1983–1986), and then associate editor (1986–1996) of the Daily Express.
Shrimsley has written three books: The Candidates, Lion Rampant and, most recently, The Silly Season in 2003.
One of his most famous headlines was "End of the World" after England had been knocked out of the World Cup.^{[citation needed]}
He was also the first member of his family to go into what subsequently became a family profession. His younger brother Anthony was political editor of three national newspapers and editor of Sir James Goldsmith's short-lived news magazine Now! Bernard's daughter, Amanda, worked as a feature writer for the Sun as did Anthony's daughter, Emma. Anthony's son, Robert, was news editor of the Financial Times and is now managing editor of its website, Ft.com

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Bob Bird
Bob Bird is the former editor of the Scottish edition of the defunct News of the World tabloid.
He is best known for the widespread media coverage over his role in two trials involving former Scottish MSP Tommy Sheridan: the 2006 Sheridan v News Group Newspapers defamation case and the 2010 HM Advocate v Sheridan and Sheridan perjury case.
In the original trial in 2006, Sheridan sued News International, publishers of the Sunday newspaper the News of the World, for defamation, after it published stories making allegations that the married MSP had been indulging extramarital affairs. During the trial, Bob Bird, as editor of the newspaper, testified that he had authorized the payment of £14,000 to two women in return for their story. Sheridan won the case, and was awarded £200,000 in damages. The News of the World launched an immediate appeal against the verdict.
The Scottish News of the World subsequently claimed to have 'irrefutable proof' that Sheridan had lied on the stand during his libel case; Bob Bird claimed that he had paid personally obtained the information from an informant, having had to strip to his underpants in the process in order to reassure his source that he was not wearing a wire. Bird paid £200,000 for the secret video footage, which his newspaper claimed showed Sheridan admitting to his extramarital affairs. The allegations eventually led to a police investigation and a court case, with Sheridan standing trial for perjury in 2010. During this trial, Bob Bird denied allegations from Sheridan that Bird had authorized the use of illegal phone taps and bugs to obtain information on the MSP. Sheridan was found guilty of perjury and was subsequently jailed for three years.

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Brian Leveson
Sir Brian Henry LevesonQC (pronounced /ˈlɛvɨsən/; born 22 June 1949), is an English Judge, a Lord Justice of Appeal for England and Wales and, since 2010, head of the Sentencing Council for England and Wales.
It was announced on 13 July 2011 that Lord Justice Leveson would lead the Leveson Inquiry, a public inquiry into the culture, practices and ethics of the British press, prompted by the News of the World phone hacking affair.
Born in Liverpool, Leveson was educated at Liverpool College, before going on to Merton College, Oxford.
Leveson was called to the Bar at Middle Temple in 1970. He initially practised in Liverpool and took silk in 1986. Leveson became a Bencher in 1995, acted as a Recorder between 1988 and 2000, and as a Deputy High Court Judge between 1998 and 2000. In 2000, Leveson was appointed as a Judge of the High Court, Queen's Bench Division, and served as a Presiding Judge of the Northern Circuit between 2002–2005.
While sitting with Lord Justice Mantell in the Court of Appeal in 2002 under the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Woolf, he upheld the murder conviction of James Hanratty. He also presided over the trial of ex-US Marine Toby Studebaker for charges relating to child grooming over the internet. He refused to imprison 100-year-old Bernard Heginbotham, who was found guilty of euthanasia on his wife of 67 years, 87-year-old Ida, because she faced spending the remainder of her life in the dementia ward of a nursing home. He also presided over the trial of Michael Barton, who was found guilty in 2005 of murdering Anthony Walker with an axe.

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Charlotte Church
Charlotte Maria Church (born Charlotte Maria Reed; 21 February 1986) is a Welsh singer-songwriter, actress and television presenter. She rose to fame in childhood as a classical singer before branching into pop music in 2005. By 2007, she had sold more than 10 million records worldwide including over 5 million in the United States. In 2010 she was reported to be worth as much as £11m (though one 2003 report quoted her worth at £25m). She hosted a Channel 4 chat show titled The Charlotte Church Show. Church released her first album in five years, titled Back To Scratch, on 17 October 2010. She is also mentioned as one of the Bohemians in Ben Elton's musical We Will Rock You.
Charlotte Church was born Charlotte Maria Reed in Llandaff, a district of Cardiff, Wales. She was brought up as a Roman Catholic by her mother, Maria, who was separated from Church's biological father, Stephen Reed. Church was adopted by her mother's second husband, James Church in 1986. Her break came at 11 when she sang Andrew Lloyd Webber's "Pie Jesu" over the telephone on the television show "This Morning" in 1997, followed by her performance on ITV's Big, Big Talent Show in 1997. This led to concerts at Cardiff Arms Park, the Royal Albert Hall and opening for Shirley Bassey in Antwerp. She also received a vocal scholarship to Howell's School Llandaff in Cardiff where she started in 1998 after leaving The Cathedral School, Llandaff. She balanced performing and school with help from tutors for when she was on the road and said in many interviews that she was "just like every other girl her age".

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Cherie Blair
Cherie Blair QC (born 23 September 1954), known professionally as Cherie Booth QC, is a British barrister practising in England and Wales. She is married to the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Tony Blair; the couple have three sons and one daughter.
Cherie Booth was born on 23 September 1954 at Fairfield Hospital, Bury, Lancashire (now Greater Manchester), England, and brought up in Ferndale Road, Waterloo, north of Liverpool. She was christened Theresa Cara Booth. Her father, British actor Tony Booth, left her mother, actress Gale Howard (née Joyce Smith), when Cherie was eight years old. She and her younger sister, Lyndsey, were then brought up by their mother Gale and their paternal grandmother, Vera Booth, a devout Roman Catholic of Irish descent. The sisters attended Catholic schools in Crosby and Sefton. Cherie Booth attended Seafield Convent Grammar which is now part of Sacred Heart Catholic College, where she achieved 4 Grade A GCE A Level passes. Cherie and Lyndsey have six half sisters, including British journalist Lauren Booth. Cherie Blair is a practising Roman Catholic.

wn.com/Cherie_Blair
Chris Bryant
Christopher John Bryant (born 11 January 1962) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Rhondda since 2001. Bryant is the former Minister for Europe and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
Chris Bryant was born in Cardiff to a Scottish mother and a Welsh computer engineer father. Bryant grew up in Cardiff, Wales (where his father worked for five years) and Cheltenham. He was educated at Cheltenham College, where he was captain of the school swimming team, and Mansfield College, Oxford where he received a BA degree in English in 1983 and later received the MA (Oxon). He then trained to be a priest in the Church of England at Ripon College Cuddesdon in Oxfordshire, where he obtained a further degree in theology. Although initially a member of the Conservative Party, and an elected office-holder in the Oxford University Conservative Association, he joined the Labour Party in 1986 after leaving Oxford. From 1986 he served as a Curate at the Church of All Saints, High Wycombe and from 1989, as a Youth Chaplain in Peterborough, as well as travelling in Latin America.

wn.com/Chris_Bryant
Clive Goodman
Clive Goodman (born 17 September 1957, Hammersmith, London) is a former royal editor and reporter for the News of the World. He was arrested in August 2006 and jailed in January 2007 for intercepting mobile phone messages involving members of the Royal Household.
Goodman initially worked as a journalist on Nigel Dempster's gossip column in the Daily Mail, before joining the News of the World as royal editor. He was among the tabloid journalists covering the breakdown of the marriage of the Diana, Princess of Wales to Prince Charles, and then held the News of the World record for number of consecutive front page splashes, with five.
In March 2005 Goodman took over Mark Bolland's "Blackadder" column, that reported details of the lives of notable personalities. It was while writing for this column that two entries raised suspicion with Royal Household staff that Goodman had access to the Royal Family's voicemails.
On 26 January 2007 Goodman was imprisoned for four months, having pleaded guilty to illegally intercepting phone messages from Clarence House; his co-conspirator Glenn Mulcaire was sentenced to six months. Goodman was sacked by the News of the World in January 2007, but within a year he received £240,000 in settlements, from News International. According to News International the payments were made because his dismissal was unfair as they had failed to "follow statutory procedures" in sacking Goodman.

wn.com/Clive_Goodman
Colin Myler
Colin Myler (born Liverpool 30 May 1952^{[citation needed]}) is a journalist who has edited British and American newspapers.
Myler grew up in Widnes in Cheshire, in North West England.
Myler was educated at Saint Fisher and More Roman Catholic High School, at the time a secondary modern school, in his home town of Widnes.
Myler started his career working for the Catholic Pictorial news agency in Southport, before joining The Sun and then the Daily Mail. He was appointed news editor of the Sunday People, then moved to Today in 1985, before its launch, again as news editor. He was later appointed as Deputy Editor of the Sunday Mirror.
In 1992, he succeeded his boss Bridget Rowe as editor of the Sunday Mirror. In 1994, he moved to edit the Daily Mirror. He was made Managing Director of both the Daily and Sunday Mirror in 1995, but soon left to run Super League of Europe, the rugby league marketing body. He returned to the Sunday Mirror in 1998, but resigned in 2001 after Judge David Poole ruled that an article he had published regarding accusations of assault against Leeds United F.C. footballers Lee Bowyer and Jonathan Woodgate risked prejudicing their trial.

wn.com/Colin_Myler
Cyril Lear
Cyril Lear (9 September 1911–11 March 1987) was a British newspaper editor.
Lear grew up in Plymouth, where he attended the Hoe Grammar School. He went into journalism and worked at the Western Morning News from 1928, moving to the Torquay Times in 1932, the Daily Mail in 1934 and the Daily Telegraph in 1938.
During World War II, he served as a rifleman with the Queen's Westminsters, before obtaining a commission as a major in the Royal Berkshire Regiment. After the war, he was employed by the News of the World, rising to become Features Editor, Assistant Editor and then Deputy Editor. He finally served as Editor of the newspaper from 1970 and Editorial Manager from 1973.

wn.com/Cyril_Lear
David Blunkett
David Blunkett (born 6 June 1947) is a British Labour Party politician and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough, having represented Sheffield Brightside from 1987 to 2010. Blind since birth, and coming from a poor family in one of Sheffield's most deprived districts, he rose to become Education and Employment Secretary, Home Secretary and Work and Pensions Secretary in Tony Blair's Cabinet following Labour's victory in the 1997 general election.
He was promoted to become Home Secretary following the 2001 general election, a position he held until 2004, when he resigned following highly publicised matters related to his personal life. Following the 2005 general election, he was appointed Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, though he resigned from that role later that year following a large amount of media coverage relating to external business interests in the period when he did not hold a cabinet post.
Blunkett was born on 6 June 1947 at Jessop Hospital, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, with improperly developed optic nerves due to a rare genetic disorder. He grew up in an underprivileged family and in 1959, he endured a family tragedy when his father was gravely injured in an industrial accident in which he fell into a vat of boiling water while at work as a foreman for the East Midlands Gas Board and died a month later. This left the surviving family in poverty, especially since the board refused to pay compensation for two years because his father worked past the retirement age, dying at age 67.

wn.com/David_Blunkett
David Cameron
David William Donald Cameron (pronunciation: /ˈkæmərən/; born 9 October 1966) is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service and Leader of the Conservative Party. He represents Witney as its Member of Parliament (MP).
Cameron studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) at Oxford, gaining a first class honours degree. He then joined the Conservative Research Department and became Special Adviser to Norman Lamont, and then to Michael Howard. He was Director of Corporate Affairs at Carlton Communications for seven years.
He was defeated in his first candidacy for Parliament at Stafford in 1997, but was elected in 2001 as the Member of Parliament for the Oxfordshire constituency of Witney. He was promoted to the Opposition front bench two years later, and rose rapidly to become head of policy co-ordination during the 2005 general election campaign. With a public image of a youthful, moderate candidate who would appeal to young voters, he won the Conservative leadership election in 2005.

wn.com/David_Cameron
David Percy Davies
David Percy Davies (25 October 1891–15 October 1946) was a British newspaper editor.
Davies studied at Llandovery College, and joined the Welch Regiment in 1910. He also entered journalism, working at the South Wales Daily Post, then later moved to George Newnes in London. During World War I, he served as a major with the XI Corps Cyclist Battalion. In 1919, he returned to the UK as a sub-editor at the News of the World. In 1933, he was promoted to become Deputy Editor, and he was appointed as a Director of the newspaper in 1935, then finally as Editor in 1941, serving until his death in 1946. He also served as High Sheriff of Glamorgan, in 1943/44.

wn.com/David_Percy_Davies
Derek Jameson
Derek Jameson (born 29 November 1929, London) is a retired British tabloid journalist and broadcaster.
As a child, Jameson was evacuated from London in WW2. His career began in Fleet Street, as a messenger boy, before becoming managing editor of the Daily Mirror newspaper and editor of the Daily Express, Daily Star and News of the World.
He joined BBC Radio 2 in late 1985, sitting in for Jimmy Young, before taking over the breakfast show from Ken Bruce in March 1986, presenting it until December 1991. He then hosted the Monday to Thursday late-night show, along with his wife Ellen, until March 1997.
In 1988 he began presenting the BBC1 television show People. He was replaced in the second series by Chris Serle, Lucy Pilkington, Jenni Barnett and Frank Bruno.
Now retired from broadcasting, Jameson wrote a weekly column in the Brighton Argus until October 2000, and is an after-dinner speaker.
Jameson's cockney accent and abrasive persona caused Private Eye to refer to him as Sid Yobbo. In 1980 Jameson brought an action against the BBC over a sketch in the Radio 4 programme Week Ending which described him as an "East End boy made bad": Jameson lost the action when it came to court in 1984. The jury found the broadcast defamatory, but also fair comment and Jameson had to pay costs. After it was said on Radio 4 that Jameson was "so ignorant he thought erudite was a type of glue", he sued.

wn.com/Derek_Jameson
Dick Dinsdale
Richard Lewis Dinsdale (23 June 1907 – 2 December 1995), known as Dick Dinsdale, was a British newspaper editor.
Dinsdale grew up in Kingston-upon-Hull, and attended Hull Technical College, before joining the Hull Daily Mail as a reporter, in 1926. He then moved into sub-editing, working at the Newcastle Evening World, Manchester Evening News, Daily Express, Evening News and the Daily Mirror, then for the War Service during World War II. He returned to the Mirror after the war, rising to become Deputy Editor in 1955. In 1961, he was moved to the Daily Herald, serving as its final Deputy Editor, and as the first Deputy Editor of The Sun. In 1965, he was promoted to become Editor of the newspaper, remaining in post until 1969. He then served as Chairman of West of England Newspapers, retiring in 1972.

wn.com/Dick_Dinsdale
Dominic Mohan
Dominic Mohan (born 26 May 1969, Bristol, England) is an English journalist and newspaper editor.
He was the Editor of The Sun newspaper in London. He joined The Sun in 1996 working on the "Bizarre" Column. Mohan was appointed deputy editor of The Sun in 2007 by Rebekah Brooks and was named as her replacement in 2009 following Brooks' promotion to chief executive of News International..
Mohan conceived the idea of re-recording Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" in 2004, for which he received the Hugh Cudlipp Award at the British Press Awards in 2005. He was instrumental in the Live 8 concert which followed. He was also a Virgin Radio DJ, winning a Sony Gold Award in 2003 for "The Who Special".^{[citation needed]}
Although born in Bristol, his family moved to Cambridgeshire when he was 10 years old. He attended the Cromwell Community College (in Chatteris) and the Neale Wade Community College before graduating from Southampton University in English. While studying for his degree he wrote for and then edited The Wessex News (now Wessex Scene), the Southampton University student newspaper.

wn.com/Dominic_Mohan
Ed Miliband
Edward Samuel Miliband (born 24 December 1969) is a British Labour Party politician, currently the Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the South Yorkshire constituency of Doncaster North since 2005 and served in the Cabinet from 2007 to 2010 under Prime Minister Gordon Brown. He and his brother, David Miliband, were the first siblings to sit in the Cabinet simultaneously since Edward, Lord Stanley, and Oliver Stanley in 1938.
Born in London, Miliband graduated from Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the London School of Economics, becoming first a television journalist and then a Labour Party researcher, before rising to become one of Chancellor Gordon Brown's confidants and Chairman of HM Treasury's Council of Economic Advisers.
As Prime Minister, Gordon Brown appointed Miliband as Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster on 28 June 2007. He was subsequently promoted to the new post of Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, a position he held from 3 October 2008 to 11 May 2010. On 25 September 2010, he was elected Leader of the Labour Party.

wn.com/Ed_Miliband
Eddy Shah
Selim Jehan Shah (born 20 January 1944), commonly known as Eddy Shah or Eddie Shah, is a Manchester-based businessman, the founder of the then technologically-advanced UK newspaper Today in 1986, and of the extremely short-lived tabloid The Post, and current owner of the Messenger Group.
Shah was born in Cambridge. His mother was English and his father was Iranian. Shah was educated at the Scottish co-educational independent boarding school, Gordonstoun, and at both Haywards Heath Grammar School and Haywards Heath Secondary Modern School, at Haywards Heath in Sussex. He then attended a Brighton crammer, where he obtained seven GCE 'O' Levels.
He confronted the trade unions at his Warrington print works and Manchester news offices in 1983. As the owner of six local newspapers, he defeated the print unions after national strikes that went on for seven months – despite receiving death threats. He was the first person to invoke Margaret Thatcher's anti-union laws to force the unions to the bargaining table. The Wapping dispute followed three years later.

wn.com/Eddy_Shah
Elle Macpherson
Elle Macpherson (born 29 March 1964) is an Australian model, actress, and businesswoman. She is well-known for her record five cover appearances for the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue beginning in the 1980s, leading to her nickname "The Body". She is also known as the founder primary model and Creative Director for a series of business ventures, including Elle Macpherson Intimates, a lingerie line, and "The Body," a line of skin care products.
In 2010, she became the host and executive producer of Britain and Ireland's Next Top Model, and she is currently the host and an executive producer NBC's Fashion Star.
Macpherson was born Eleanor Nancy Gow, in the Killara neighbourhood of Sydney, Australia, the daughter of entrepreneur and sound engineer Peter Gow, a former president of a Sydney rugby league team, the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. Her mother Frances worked as a nurse before she married. Macpherson grew up in Killara, a North Shore suburb of Sydney, and she attended Killara High School. Macpherson is the eldest of four children including the businesswoman and environmentalist Mimi Macpherson. Macpherson’s parents divorced when she was 10 years old, and she moved with her mother and two siblings. Her mother later remarried, and a clerical mistake in registering at her new school meant that her name was changed from her father's, Gow, to her stepfather's, Macpherson.

wn.com/Elle_Macpherson
Emsley Carr
Sir William Emsley Carr (1 May 1867–5 August 1941) was a British newspaper editor, who edited the News of the World for more than fifty years.
Carr was born and raised in the Hunslet district of Leeds. His uncle, Lascelles Carr, was a founder and editor of the Western Mail, based in Cardiff, and he saw promise in Emsley, and summoned him to work as a journalist on the newspaper. In 1891, Lascelles was part of a syndicate which purchased the News of the World, a London-based Sunday newspaper with a small circulation, and he decided to appoint his nephew as its new editor.
Emsley married Lascelles' daughter, Jenny Lascelles Carr, in 1895, and worked closely with George Riddell to build up sales of the News of the World. This was highly successful; by 1900, the paper was selling more than one million copies of each issue. Carr also continued to write for the Western Mail, acting as its chief political correspondent until the 1930s, using his membership of the Parliamentary lobby to obtain stories.

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Frank Bruno
Franklin Roy "Frank" Bruno MBE (born 16 November 1961) is a British former boxer whose career highlight was winning the WBC heavyweight championship in 1995. Altogether, he won 40 of his 45 contests. Like Henry Cooper before him, Bruno has remained a popular celebrity with the British public since his ring career ended and still appears regularly in pantomime.
Bruno became a professional boxer in 1982, quickly racking up a streak of twenty-one consecutive wins by knockout. This streak caught the attention of international boxing magazines, such as The Ring, KO Magazine, Boxing Illustrated, Ring En Español. During this period Bruno defeated former world title contender Scott LeDoux, the dangerous fringe contender Floyd Cummings, former European Champion Rudy Gauwe, British contender Eddie Nielson and trial horses such as Bill Sharkey, Walter Santemore and Ken Lakusta. However, in May 1984 the up and coming future world heavyweight Champion, American James 'Bonecrusher' Smith, halted that streak when he defeated Bruno by knockout in the tenth and final round of their bout, with Bruno leading clearly on all three judges' cards. As a general view, Bruno was carefully managed, whereby he developed well to later give a strong account of himself in the big matches.

wn.com/Frank_Bruno
Garry Flitcroft
Garry William Flitcroft (born 6 November 1972) is an English former professional footballer and football manager of Northern Premier League side Chorley.
As a player he was a midfielder from 1991 to 2006, and played in the Premier League for Manchester City, Blackburn Rovers and Sheffield United, as well as playing in the Football League for Bury. He was capped 10 times by England U21, scoring three goals. In 2009 he became manager of Leigh Genesis and the following year took over as manager of Chorley.
At the age of 12 Flitcroft rejected Manchester United’s overtures in favour of a move to Manchester City. Garry then spent two years honing his skills at Lilleshall as a teenager before making his name as a professional. Following a brief spell on loan at Bury in 1992, where he made twelve appearances, he then broke into the City first team and went on to play 142 times, scoring 15 goals. After five years at with City, having played 142 games, some as captain, he joined Blackburn in March 1996 for £3.5m after City were going through financial difficulties and their then chairman Francis Lee told the then manager Alan Ball to sell their most profitable player, which turned out to be Flitcroft.

wn.com/Garry_Flitcroft
George Lansbury
George Lansbury (21 February 1859 – 7 May 1940) was a British politician, socialist, Christian pacifist and newspaper editor. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1910 to 1912 and from 1922 to 1940, and leader of the Labour Party from 1932 to 1935.
He was a campaigner for social justice and improved living and employment conditions for the working class, especially in London's East End.
His earliest political involvement was with the Liberal Party, which he joined in 1886. He acted as electoral agent for Samuel Montagu in Whitechapel at the General Election of 1886, and for Jane Cobden, who stood for election to the London County Council as a Liberal candidate in 1889. That year Lansbury took up the issue of pressing for a legal eight-hour day, but after failing to secure the support of the National Liberal Federation at their 1889 conference he became increasingly disillusioned by the Liberals. He came into contact with the Social Democratic Federation and, in support of the famous 1889 Dock Strike, joined the recently formed Gas Workers' and General Labourers' Union.

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Glenn Mulcaire
Glenn Michael Mulcaire, born September 8, 1970, is a former professional footballer,^{[dubious – discuss]} latterly a private investigator. He has been closely associated with the News International phone hacking scandal. In January 2007 he was found guilty of illegally intercepting phone messages from Clarence House and imprisoned for six months after having pleaded guilty; his co-conspirator News of the World royal editor Clive Goodman was sentenced to four months. Renewed controversy over the phone hacking scandal led to the closure of the News of the World in July 2011. He has publicly apologised to those affected by his activities.
Mulcaire is a former footballer who played in the lower tiers of the English football league system, most notably for the then newly formed AFC Wimbledon, when he was also known as Trigger. He previously played for Fulham youth team, Dorking, Egham Town and Harrow Borough.
Playing for AFC Wimbledon against Bromley in July 2002 he became the first man to score a goal for AFC Wimbledon". As Will Buckley reported at the time, "AFC Wimbledon - a mere seven promotions away from the Premiership and Trigger less than a decade away from becoming a household name." Sports journalist Nick Harris also reported that the club's fans will always associate Mulcaire with this goal above his work as a private investigator

wn.com/Glenn_Mulcaire
Gordon Brown
James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 until 2010. He previously served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Labour Government from 1997 to 2007, becoming the longest-serving holder of that office in modern history. Brown has been a Member of Parliament (MP) since 1983, for Dunfermline East until 2005, and currently for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath.
Brown became Prime Minister on 27 June 2007, after the resignation of Tony Blair and three days after becoming Leader of the governing Labour Party. His tenure ended on 11 May 2010, when he resigned as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party. Brown was one of only three people to serve in the Cabinet continuously from Labour's victory in 1997 until its defeat in 2010, the others being Jack Straw and Alistair Darling.
Brown has a PhD in history from the University of Edinburgh and spent his early career working as a lecturer at a further education college and a television journalist. He has been a Member of Parliament since 1983; first for Dunfermline East and since 2005 for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath. As Prime Minister, he also held the offices of First Lord of the Treasury and the Minister for the Civil Service.

wn.com/Gordon_Brown
Greg Miskiw
Greg Miskiw (born 1949 or 1950) is a former news editor of the defunct British tabloid newspaper the News of the World.
During the 1980s Miskiw worked as a reporter for tabloid papers published by the Mirror Group. He was arrested by the Polish authorities for visa irregularities in 1981 whilst working for the Sunday Mirror. He later moved to work for the Daily Mirror.
By 2001 Miskiw was working for the News of the World as assistant editor on the news desk. There he helped to co-ordinate the work of Mazher Mahmood (also known as the fake sheikh), particularly Mahmood's taping of frank unguarded comments by Sophie, Countess of Wessex about various political figures and members of the Royal Family. He became assistant editor (news and investigations) in 2001. In April 2002 News of the World's crime editor Peter Rose resigned following the collapse of a proposed interview with a witness to the death of Damilola Taylor. In 2003 an employment tribunal ruled in favour of Rose's case for constructive dismissal. The tribunal chairman was particularly critical of Greg Miskiw, who failed to inform the reporters that the funding which would have enabled the interview to occur was not in place until all of the parties were ready to begin. The chairman said the Miskiw's manner was "cavalier and irresponsible" adding that Miskiw's actions "could no doubt affect the reputation of the applicant". Later that year Miskiw moved to Manchester to oversee News of the World's north of England office.

wn.com/Greg_Miskiw
Hamilton Fyfe
Henry Hamilton Fyfe (29 September 1869 – 15 June 1951) was a British journalist and writer who served as editor of both the Daily Mirror and the Daily Herald.
Born in London, Fyfe was the son of James Hamilton Fyfe, a barrister and journalist, and his wife Mary. He was educated at Fettes College, Edinburgh; he joined the staff of The Times at the age of seventeen, where he worked as a reporter and reviewer before becoming secretary to the editor, George Earle Buckle. In 1902, he was named editor of the Morning Advertiser, the trade publication of the Licensed Victuallers' Association. Though his efforts to improve the paper soon ran afoul of the paper's owners, they did draw the attention of the press baron Alfred Harmsworth, who offered Fyfe the opportunity to spearhead the transformation of the struggling Daily Mirror the following year. Fyfe accepted Harmsworth's offer, and turned the paper from a struggling publication catering to women readers into an enormously popular newspaper through the use of photojournalism.

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Hugh Grant
Hugh John Mungo Grant (born 9 September 1960) is an English actor and film producer. He has received a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA, and an Honorary César. His films have earned more than $2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide. Grant achieved international stardom after appearing in Richard Curtis's sleeper hit Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994). He used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s to deliver comic performances in mainstream films like Mickey Blue Eyes (1999) and Notting Hill (1999). By the turn of the 21st century, he had established himself as a leading man skilled with a satirical comic talent. Since the 2000s, Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones's Diary (2001), About A Boy (2002), Love Actually (2003), and American Dreamz (2006).
Within the film industry, Grant is cited as an anti-film star who approaches his roles like a character actor, with the ability to make acting look effortless. Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions. The entertainment media's coverage of Grant's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as a thespian. He has been vocal about his disrespect for the profession of acting, and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media. In a career spanning 30 years, Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting is not a true calling but just a job he fell into.

wn.com/Hugh_Grant
Ian Edmondson
Ian Edmondson is a British tabloid journalist. He was the news editor at the News of the World. Edmondson was arrested by the Metropolitan police in April 2011 as part of Operation Weeting.
Edmondson worked for News of the World twice. Before landing his first position at News of the World Edmondson worked as a freelance reporter. He was initially hired by News of the World as a general news reporter. He went on to spent 18 months as the paper's crime correspondent before moving to rival tabloid The People in 2000 as assistant news editor. He progressed through deputy news editor and news editor and was promoted to assistant editor (news) in 2003. Edmondson was hired to the News of the World editorial team by Neil Wallis, who was Andy Coulson's deputy editor in November 2004. Coulson promoted Edmondson to assistant editor of the news department in October 2005.
He was allegedly one of Coulson's inner circle of executives when Coulson was editor of the paper, according to a former reporter from the News of the World.

wn.com/Ian_Edmondson
James Desborough
James Desborough (b. 1 September 1972) started work at the regional newspaper the Barking & Dagenham Post as a news reporter in 1994. The newspaper’s other famous past reporters include Phil Hall, who later became the editor of The News of The World.
In 1995 Desborough moved to Channel One TV – the Daily Mail parent group Associated Newspaper’s ill-fated effort into local television. The station was a cable only news and entertainment channel. Its senior executives included Nick Pollard, who later went on to head up Sky News, ITN news editor Peter Wallace and New York Daily News editor Martin Dunn. After starting on the Newsdesk he was promoted to entertainment reporter and later Showbiz Editor.
Desborough worked for the channel’s daily entertainment show The Biz, presented by Julia Caesar. During his time there he produced special programmes and feature length interviews on Andrew Lloyd Webber, The Full Monty and Bon Jovi.
Desborough produced and presented specials on the film industry. The channel's other well known reporters included Thomas Moore and Paul Brennan, who both now work at Sky News, TV host Ruth England and BBC Sports host Chris Hollins.

wn.com/James_Desborough
James Hewitt
James Hewitt (born 1958) is a former British household cavalry officer in the British Army. He had an affair with Diana, Princess of Wales for five years, receiving extensive media coverage after revealing details of the affair.
Hewitt was born in Derry, Northern Ireland, but grew up in Kent and Devon. He was educated at Millfield School and Sandhurst.
He served as a Challenger tank commander in the Gulf War, and failed his exam for the rank of major three times. In March 1994^{[citation needed]}, he was retired from the Life Guards after 17 years in military service and six months before the publication of Anna Pasternak's Princess in Love, a book for which Hewitt was a major source.
Diana, Princess of Wales, admitted in her 1995 Panorama interview that she had committed adultery with Hewitt. His former military regiment declared him persona non grata at their barracks.
Hewitt had considered committing suicide after his affair with Diana ended. He was preparing for a trip to France, and he wanted to shoot himself. He said, "I got in my car and loaded a few things up to get on the ferry to go to France-to shoot myself". He also said, "And then my mother insisted on coming with me. And, had she hadn't, I would have probably shot myself. So I owe her my life really.".

wn.com/James_Hewitt
James Murdoch
James Rupert Jacob Murdoch (born 13 December 1972) is the younger son of media mogul Rupert Murdoch and the deputy chief operating officer of News Corporation. He is the former chairman and chief executive of News Corp., Europe and Asia, overseeing assets such as News International (British newspapers), SKY Italia (satellite television in Italy), Sky Deutschland, and STAR TV (satellite television in Asia).
He sits on the News Corporation board of directors and is a member of the office of the chairman. He formerly held a non-executive chair at British Sky Broadcasting, in which News Corporation has a controlling minority stake.
He was formerly an executive vice president of News Corporation, the controlling shareholder of BSkyB, and served on the boards of directors of News Datacom and of News Corporation.
Murdoch is a British citizen by birth and a naturalised U.S. citizen. He lost Australian citizenship when his father became a U.S. citizen, but he is eligible to reclaim Australian citizenship.

wn.com/James_Murdoch
James Weatherup
James Weatherup is an English newspaper journalist, news reporter and newspaper editor.
After starting out in regional newspapers, he joined the News of the World, serving in two stints over 25 years for nine editors. In his first stint he rose to Chief reporter. During this time he co-wrote the best selling book Inside 25 Cromwell Street about the serial killers Fred and Rosemary West.
He then left for the Sunday People in 1999 where he was promoted to deputy news editor and then news editor a year later by editor Neil Wallis. He was then head hunted by the Sunday Mirror where he joined as executive writer, splitting his time on the news desk and on the road for big assignments under the editorship of Tina Weaver. In 2004 News of the World editor Andy Coulson persuaded him to return and run the paper's news desk. Two years later he returned to a senior reporting role, replaced by Ian Edmondson, but retained his title as assistant news editor. In September 2010, Weatherup broke the front page story about former world champion boxer Ricky Hatton snorting lines of cocaine.

wn.com/James_Weatherup
Jay Rockefeller
John Davison "Jay" Rockefeller IV (born June 18, 1937) is the senior United States Senator from West Virginia. He was first elected to the Senate in 1984, while in office as Governor of West Virginia, a position he held from 1977 to 1985. Rockefeller moved to Emmons, West Virginia to serve as a VISTA worker in 1964, and was first elected to public office in the state, as a member of the House of Delegates, in 1966. Rockefeller was later elected Secretary of State in 1968 and was president of West Virginia Wesleyan College from 1973 to 1976.
As a great-grandson of oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller, he is the only currently-serving politician of the prominent six-generation Rockefeller family and the only Democrat in what has been a traditionally Republican dynasty.
John Davison Rockefeller IV was born at New York Hospital in New York City to John D. Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker just 26 days after the death of his great-grandfather John D. Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1955 and from Harvard College in 1961 with an A.B. in Far Eastern Languages and History, after having spent three years studying Japanese at the International Christian University in Tokyo.

wn.com/Jay_Rockefeller
Joel Klein
Joel Irwin Klein (born October 25, 1946) was Chancellor of the New York City Department of Education, the largest public school system in the United States, serving more than 1.1 million students in more than 1,600 schools. He was succeeded by Cathie Black in January 2011.
Klein grew up in New York City and attended public schools, graduating from William Cullen Bryant High School in Queens in 1963. He attended Columbia University, graduating magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa. He received his law degree from Harvard Law School, again graduating magna cum laude, in 1971. He then clerked for Chief Judge David Bazelon on the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit from 1973 until 1974, before then clerking for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell.^{[citation needed]}
In 1975, Klein joined the legal team of the Washington, D.C. non-profit Mental Health Law Project. The MHLP was an independent non-profit organization that brought class-action suits to establish rights for mentally and developmentally disabled clients. In that capacity, Klein developed a specialty in health care and constitutional matters. After working there for a year, he went into private practice, working for five years before founding his own law firm with several partners. In the 1990s Klein served in the White House Counsel's office under President Bill Clinton before being appointed to the United States Department of Justice. There he served as United States Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division. In this capacity, he was the lead prosecutor in the antitrust case United States v. Microsoft. Prior to his appointment to Chancellor in 2002 by Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Klein was Counsel to Bertelsmann, an international media group.

wn.com/Joel_Klein
John Prescott
John Leslie Prescott, Baron Prescott (born 31 May 1938) is a British politician who was the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007. Born in Prestatyn, Wales, he represented Hull East as the Labour Member of Parliament from 1970 to 2010. In the 1994 leadership election, he stood for both Leader and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, winning election to the latter office. He was appointed Deputy Prime Minister after Labour's victory in the 1997 election, with an expanded brief as Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions.
A former ship's steward and trade union activist, by the 1980s he was presented as the political link to the working class in a Labour Party increasingly led by modernising, middle-class professionals. In his youth, Prescott managed to overcome the handicap of failing his 11-plus entrance examination for grammar school, going on to graduate from Ruskin College in Oxford. Prescott also developed a reputation as a key conciliator in the often tense relationship between Prime Minister Tony Blair and Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown.

wn.com/John_Prescott
John Whittingdale
John Flasby Lawrance Whittingdale OBE, (born (1959-10-16)October 16, 1959), is a Conservative politician in the United Kingdom. He has been a Member of Parliament (MP) since 1992.
Whittingdale was educated at two independent schools: at Sandroyd School from 1968–1973, in Rushmore Park at the heart of Cranborne Chase near Tollard Royal in Wiltshire and at Winchester College in the county town of Winchester in Hampshire, followed by University College London (UCL) where he was Chairman of the UCL Conservative Society, and earned his BSc in Economics in 1982 (grade 2ii).^{[citation needed]}
From 1982-4, Whittingdale was Head of the political section of the Conservative Research Department. He then served as Special Adviser to three successive Secretaries of State for Trade and Industry, Norman Tebbit, 1984-5; Leon Brittan, 1985-6, and Paul Channon, 1986-7. He worked on international privatisation at NM Rothschild in 1987 and in January 1988, became Political Secretary to the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher. Upon her resignation, Whittingdale received the OBE and he continued as her Political Secretary until his election to Parliament in 1992.^{[citation needed]}

wn.com/John_Whittingdale
Jonathan Rees
Jonathon Rees was a private investigator, and former partner of Daniel Morgan
In 1984, with partner Daniel Morgan, he set up a detective agency, Southern Investigations, in Thornton Heath, Surrey.
In April 1987, Rees was arrested on suspicion of the murder of Daniel Morgan but was released without charge.
Between Morgan's death in 1987 and 2008, five police inquiries were conducted. There were allegations of police corruption, drug trafficking and robbery.
After an inquiry by Hampshire police in 1988, Jonathan Rees and another man were charged with murder, but the case did not reach trial when charges were dropped because of a lack of evidence. and the Hampshire inquiry's 1989 report to the Police Complaints Authority found "no evidence whatsoever of police involvement in the murder".
In 1998, Metropolitan Police Deputy Assistant Commissioner Roy Clark conducted a third, secret, inquiry into the murder during which Southern Investigations’ office was bugged. In December 2000, Jonathan Rees was found guilty of conspiring to plant cocaine on an innocent woman in order to discredit her in a child custody battle and sentenced to seven years imprisonment for attempting to pervert the course of justice.

wn.com/Jonathan_Rees
Kelvin MacKenzie
Kelvin Calder MacKenzie (born 22 October 1946, South London) is an English media executive and former newspaper editor. He is best known for being editor of The Sun newspaper between 1981 and 1994, an era in which the paper was established as Britain's best selling newspaper.
MacKenzie was educated at Alleyn's School. His parents were Ian and Mary Mackenzie, both journalists working for The South London Observer. When the South London Press took over their paper, Mary became Press Chief for the Tory leader of the Greater London Council, Sir Horace Cutler. Kelvin's father died in April 2004 at the age of 84. Kelvin MacKenzie left school with one O-level, in English literature. He joined the South East London Mercury at 17, and worked on local and then national newspapers, such as the Daily Express for the next ten years.
MacKenzie stated that he discovered early on in his career that he had little writing ability and that his talents lay in making up headlines and laying out pages. By 1978, at the age of 32, he was Managing Editor of the New York Post, two years after it was purchased by Rupert Murdoch, who already owned The Sun. Murdoch appointed him Sun editor in 1981 and is said to have described MacKenzie as his all-time "favourite editor".

wn.com/Kelvin_MacKenzie
Kenneth Donlan
Kenneth Donlan (1927 or 1928 – 23 May 1994) was a British newspaper editor.
Donlan worked for the Daily Mail for 25 years at their offices in London and Manchester. In 1971 he moved to rival tabloid The Sun where he became news editor. He was briefly editor of the News of the World from 1980 to 1981 before returning to The Sun as managing editor. In 1989 he became the first national newspaper ombudsman in the United Kingdom. Donlan died at the age of 66 in Chislehurst.

wn.com/Kenneth_Donlan
Lawrence Jacobs
Lawrence "Lon" A. Jacobs (born May 4, 1955) is the former Chief Legal Officer, Senior Executive Vice President and Group General Counsel of News Corporation.
Jacobs grew up in Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
He graduated from Temple University summa cum laude in 1978 and Brooklyn Law School cum laude in 1981.
Jacobs has been a member of the Bar of the State of New York since 1982.
Jacobs joined News Corp. in 1996 as deputy to Arthur Siskind, whose position he took over in 2004 when Siskind stepped down and announced his retirement.
Jacobs played a key role in the acquisitions of MySpace and Dow Jones during his tenure as General Counsel.
His salary in 2007 was $4.1 million.
On June 8, 2011, Jacobs announced that he would be stepping down from his position as General Counsel at News Corp. in order to "pursue new opportunities."
Jacobs' resignation came when he approached the company Chief Operating Officer Chase Carey to inform him that News Corp. was in breach of his contract; chairman & CEO Rupert Murdoch was using former New York City Schools Chancellor, and newly appointed News Corp. executive, Joel Klein, who joined the company in November 2010, for legal counsel instead of himself. He was released from his multimillion-dollar contract with News Corp. with four years remaining on it.

wn.com/Lawrence_Jacobs
Lee Chapman
Lee Chapman (born Lincoln, 5 December 1959) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker from 1978 until 1996, in which he scored almost 200 first-team goals.
He is best known for spells with Stoke City, Leeds United, Sheffield Wednesday, Nottingham Forest and West Ham United. He also played for Plymouth Argyle, Arsenal, Sunderland, Portsmouth, Southend United, Ipswich Town and Swansea City. As well as this he played in both France and Norway for Chamois Niortais and Strømsgodset IF, and was capped by both the England U21 and England B teams.
Chapman began his career at Stoke City, but made his league debut whilst on loan at Plymouth Argyle. On his return to Stoke, Chapman quickly became a first team regular, scoring made 34 goals in 99 appearances between 1979 and 1982.
His goal scoring abilities brought him to the attention of Division One clubs, and in August 1982 Chapman moved to Arsenal for £500,000. However, the move was not a success - he made only 23 appearances for the club between 1982 and 1984, and scored a meagre 4 goals. Chapman moved on to Sunderland for the 1983-84 season, but again failed to establish himself in the team, scoring just 3 goals in 15 appearances.

wn.com/Lee_Chapman
Les Hinton
Leslie Frank "Les" Hinton (born 19 February, 1944) is a British-American journalist and businessman. Hinton, born in the UK, became a United States citizen in 1986. He was appointed CEO of Dow Jones & Company in December 2007, after its acquisition by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. Hinton resigned that position on July 15, 2011, as a result of the unfolding journalistic ethics scandal at a News Corporation subsidiary, News International. A Commons Culture, Media and Sport Committee accused Hinton in May 2012 of misleading it during its enquiries into the phone hacking scandal and Hinton of being 'complicit in the cover-up' at News International.'
Except for a few years with United Press International in London, at the time of his July 2011 resignation Hinton had worked for Rupert Murdoch for more than fifty years as a journalist and executive in Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. In 1976, he moved from London to New York as a foreign correspondent for the group's newspapers in Britain and Australia. After several executive positions, he was appointed President of Murdoch Magazines in 1990, two years later becoming President and Chief Executive Officer of News America Publishing, responsible for the company's US publishing operations. In 1993, he was appointed Chairman and CEO of Fox Television Stations, returning to London in 1995 as Executive Chairman of News Corp subsidiary News International Limited, Britain's largest national newspaper publisher.

wn.com/Les_Hinton
Leslie Ash
Leslie Ash (born 19 February 1960 in Clapham, London) is an English actress, best known for her role in the sitcom Men Behaving Badly. Her book My Life Behaving Badly: The Autobiography was published in 2007.
Ash first appeared on TV in 1964 at the age of four asking "Mummy, why are your hands so soft?" in an advertisement for the washing-up product Fairy Liquid. She was educated at the independent Italia Conti Academy stage school, and then started a career as a fashion model appearing on the cover of a number of teen magazines including Jackie for which she was photographed by David Bailey.^{[citation needed]}
Having appeared in the 1978 British slapstick comedy Rosie Dixon - Night Nurse; her first major film role was playing the romantic lead in Quadrophenia in 1979. In 1980, Ash appears in the Iron Maiden music video, Women in Uniform. In 1983 she played Julie Morgan aka Juletta Shane in Curse of the Pink Panther. In 1983 she also appeared opposite Nicky Henson as Nancy in the ITV situation comedy The Happy Apple playing a secretary whose opinions successfully reflected public opinion. She then played a regular role in crime series C.A.T.S. Eyes.

wn.com/Leslie_Ash
Lucy Panton
Lucy Panton is a British journalist, a former News of the World crime editor, and the seventh person arrested under Operation Elveden on 15 December 2011.
Panton joined the News of the World in September 2002 from the Sunday People, taking up the position of crime correspondent. She was promoted to crime editor in October 2005.
On 30 October 2010, Panton was asked by News of the World news editor James Mellor to find out more from Metropolitan Police anti-terror head John Yates about the printer cartridge bomb found on a cargo plane at East Midlands Airport the previous day. Mellor wrote in an email to Panton:
Panton replied: "Noted. Not got hold of him yet still trying." Panton was on maternity leave at the time of the closure of the newspaper in July 2011.
Panton was arrested at her home in Surrey, where she lives with her Scotland Yard-based Metropolitan Police detective husband. The couple have two young children. She was later released on police bail.
During his evidence to the Leveson Inquiry in March 2012, former Metropolitan Police anti-terror head John Yates admitted that he drunk champagne with Panton and other executives from the tabloid newspaper. Yates denied that he gave Panton any favours in return for such hospitality, or that the relationship between the two was that close.

wn.com/Lucy_Panton
Neil Wallis
Neil John Wallis (born 4 October 1950) is a former newspaper editor in the United Kingdom.
Wallis was born in Lincolnshire. He attended Skegness Grammar School^{[citation needed]}.
Wallis worked for News International from 1986, rising to become Deputy Editor of The Sun from 1993. He left in 1998 and took up the editorship of The People. In 2003, he moved to become Deputy Editor of the News of the World, and in 2007 he became Executive Editor of the paper. In May 2009, he announced that he would be leaving his post later in the year. He was known as "the wolf man" by fellow journalists.
Wallis is a former member of the Editors' Code of Practice Committee at the Press Complaints Commission.
After leaving journalism he worked for the Outside Organisation, a company specialising in public relations, becoming Managing Director in 2010. Wallis' own company, Chamy Media, provided "strategic communication advice and support" to the Metropolitan Police on a part-time basis from October 2009 to September 2010 whilst the Met's Deputy Director of Public Affairs was on extended sick leave.

wn.com/Neil_Wallis
Neville Thurlbeck
Neville Thurlbeck is a British journalist who worked for the tabloid newspaper News of the World for 21 years. He reached the position of news editor before returning to the position of chief reporter. Thurlbeck was arrested in April 2011 as part of Operation Weeting. Before the News of the World Thurlbeck worked as a reporter for the Harrow Observer.
Thurlbeck was educated at Bede Grammar School in Sunderland, followed by the University of Lancaster.
In 1998 Thurlbeck was the newspaper journalist who 'outed' the Cabinet Minister Nick Brown as gay. Thurlbeck also broke the story that Jeffrey Archer had committed perjury during his 1987 libel case against the Daily Star. The scoop won Thurlbeck three industry awards including Scoop of the Year 1999 from the London Press Club.
At the turn of the millenium Thurlbeck, under the codename "George", acted as an "unpaid source" for the police. In return he received information from the Police National Computer which principally consisted of the previous convictions of various criminals. In 2000 Thurlbeck and the police officer with whom he worked were cleared of corruption charges with regard to their working relationship.

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Nicholas Lloyd
Sir Nicholas Markley Lloyd, born (1942-06-09) 9 June 1942 (age 70), is a British former newspaper editor and broadcaster.
Lloyd graduated from St Edmund Hall, Oxford. He edited the Sunday People from 1982 to 1983, then moved to edit the News of the World for a year from 1984, and finally edited the Daily Express from 1986 until 1995.
Lloyd received a knighthood in the 1990 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours. He presented a breakfast show on LBC 97.3, a London radio station, from 1997 to 1999. Since 1996, he has been the chairman of the Brown Lloyd James public relations consultancy. He is married to former newspaper editor Eve Pollard, with whom he has a son, Oliver. He also has three children from his previous marriage - Justin, Rachael and James Lloyd.

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Nick Davies
Nick Davies is a British investigative journalist, writer and documentary maker.
Davies has written extensively as a freelancer, as well as for The Guardian and The Observer, and been named Reporter of the Year Journalist of the Year and Feature Writer of the Year at the British Press Awards. He was the winner of the first Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism in 1999.
Davies has made documentaries for ITV's World in Action, and written numerous books on the subject of politics and journalism, including Flat Earth News, which attracted considerable controversy as an exposé of journalistic malpractice in the UK and across the globe. As a reporter for The Guardian, Davies was responsible for uncovering the News of the World phone hacking affair, including the July 2011 revelations of hacking into the mobile phone voicemail of the murdered schoolgirl Milly Dowler, for which he received the Paul Foot Award 2011.
Davies gained a PPE degree from Oxford University in 1974, and started his journalism career in 1976, working as a trainee for The Mirror Group in Plymouth. He then moved to London initially to work for the Sunday People and spent a year working for The Evening Standard before becoming a news reporter at The Guardian in July 1979. Since then he has worked as home affairs correspondent at The Observer; chief feature writer at London Daily News in 1986 and on-screen reporter for World in Action. After the London Daily News folded he moved to the USA for a year, where he wrote White Lies, about the wrongful conviction of black janitor, Clarence Brandley, for the murder of a white girl. Since 1989 Davies has been a freelance reporter for The Guardian, for which he continues to contribute articles as of 2009, working from his home in Lewes.

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Norman Fowler
(Peter) Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler,PC (born 2 February 1938) is a British Conservative politician who was from 1981 to 1990 a member of Margaret Thatcher's Cabinet.
He was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School in Chelmsford, in the county of Essex; after which he did National Service as a Second Lieutenant in the Essex Regiment. Whilst studying at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, he was Chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association in Michaelmas 1960, in which term he entertained both the Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and Home Secretary (and de facto Deputy Prime Minister, although he did not hold the title until 1962) Rab Butler. He then became a journalist, and worked on The Times.
During the mid 1970s Fowler was shadow Minister of Transport. In April 1976 he was photographed outside the Palace of Westminster having just taken delivery of his third four cylinder MG MGB GT, having reportedly rejected the idea of buying a V8 version on account of the cost. At a time when a recently promoted Minister of Transport had imputed ownership of the family car to his wife, apparently on grounds of political correctness, former journalist Fowler's acknowledgment of his choice of a sports car provided an interesting contrast.

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Patsy Chapman
Patsy Chapman (born 3 May 1948) is a former British newspaper editor.
Chapman grew up in Romford and worked on the magazine Boyfriend before becoming a reporter with the Romford Times. She then joined The Sun and was gradually promoted to become Deputy Editor. In 1988, she swapped jobs with Wendy Henry to become Editor of the News of the World.
In 1990, Chapman chaired the group which drew up the code of conduct that the Press Complaints Commission subsequently enforced. She was then a member of the first Commission.
Chapman stepped down as editor in early 1994 due to illness.

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Paul Gascoigne
Paul John Gascoigne (born 27 May 1967), nicknamed Gazza, is an English retired professional footballer.
Playing in the position of midfield, Gascoigne's career included spells at Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, Lazio, Rangers, Middlesbrough, Everton and Gansu Tianma, at all of which he scored at least one goal. He was capped 57 times for the England national football team.
Gascoigne was born in the Dunston area of Gateshead, England.
Gascoigne started playing football at the age of four, playing in the street and nearby park. He played for his school Brighton Avenue Primary School, Gateshead team from the age of eight, and later played for the local Redheugh Boys' Club although being underage. He later attended Breckenbeds Junior High School (which closed in September 1996) then the Heathfield Senior High School (also closed in September 1996), both in the Low Fell area of Gateshead.
He was noticed by football scouts while playing for Gateshead Boys, and given a trial at Ipswich Town although he failed to impress. Further trials at Middlesbrough and Southampton proved unsuccessful, before Newcastle United signed him as a schoolboy in 1980. At school he was once caught practising his autograph during a geography lesson, his reason being that he was "going to be a famous footballer". His teacher was unimpressed, telling him that "only one in a million becomes a professional footballer." Nevertheless, he was signed on as an apprentice at Newcastle in 1983, initially playing for the youth team under Colin Suggett.

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Paul Staines
Paul Staines (born 11 February 1967) is an English-born Irish right-wing political blogger. Writer of the pseudonymous "Guido Fawkes" blog, described by the Daily Telegraph as "one of Britain's leading political blogsites".
Staines acquired an interest in politics as a libertarian in the 1980s and promoted acid house parties in the early 1990s. He then spent several years in finance, before his business relationships broke down in a series of disputes. Staines declared himself bankrupt in October 2003.
Staines was raised a Catholic, attending Salvatorian College Catholic grammar school in Harrow. He lives in Ireland and was a member of the now defunct Irish political party, the Progressive Democrats. He holds Irish citizenship. As a young man he was a member of the Social Democratic Party sitting on the national executive of their youth wing, and the Conservative Party.
In 2002, Staines was banned from driving for 12 months for driving under the influence.
In 2003, he declared himself bankrupt, following lengthy litigation over a commercial dispute.

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Percy Cudlipp
Percy Cudlipp (10 November 1905 – 5 November 1962), was a prominent Welsh journalist.

He was born at 180 Arabella Street, Cardiff, and was the brother of Hugh Cudlipp (later Baron Cudlipp) and Reginald Cudlipp, both notable journalists. Percy Cudlipp began his journalistic career with the South Wales Echo. He became editor of the Evening Standard in 1933 and of the Daily Herald in 1940, and was at one time the youngest editor in Fleet Street.
In 1953, Cudlipp resigned the editorship of the Daily Herald. Shortly afterwards, he was approached by the team setting up the New Scientist and became the first editor of the new magazine in 1956. He died at his home, 11 Falmouth House, Clarendon Place, London.

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Piers Morgan
Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan (born Piers Stefan O'Meara; 30 March 1965), known professionally as Piers Morgan, is a British journalist and television presenter. He is editorial director of First News, a national newspaper for children.
Morgan branched into television mainly as a presenter, but has become best known as a judge or contestant in reality television programmes. In the UK, he was a judge on Britain's Got Talent. Morgan is best known in the United States as a judge on the show America's Got Talent, and as the winner of The Celebrity Apprentice. On 17 January 2011, he began hosting Piers Morgan Tonight for CNN in the timeslot previously occupied by Larry King Live after the retirement of host Larry King.
Morgan has authored eight books, including three volumes of memoirs.
Piers Morgan was born on 30 March 1965, in Guildford, Surrey, England, to Eamon Vincent O'Meara, a dentist, of Dorking, Surrey, and Gabrielle Georgina Sybille (née Oliver). His father died when he was one year old; his mother subsequently remarried. He has three older siblings. His ancestry includes Irish, Portuguese, Scottish, and English. Morgan was raised Catholic. Named Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan by his stepfather, Morgan attended an independent school called Cumnor House from the ages of seven to thirteen, and then Chailey School, a comprehensive secondary school in Chailey, near Lewes, East Sussex, followed by Lewes Priory School for VI form. Morgan studied Journalism at Harlow College. After a brief career at Lloyds of London, he joined the Surrey and South London Newspaper Group in 1985, where he worked as a reporter on the South London News, and the Streatham and Tooting News. Morgan was recruited (he says headhunted by editor Kelvin MacKenzie) to join The Sun newspaper, specifically to work on the Bizarre column.

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Rebekah Brooks
Rebekah Mary Brooks (née Wade; born 27 May 1968) is a British journalist and former newspaper editor. She was Chief Executive Officer of News International from 2009 to 2011, having previously served as the youngest editor of a British national newspaper as editor of the News of the World - from 2000 to 2003 - and the first female editor of The Sun - from 2003 to 2009. Brooks married actor Ross Kemp in 2002. They divorced in 2009 and she married former racehorse trainer and author Charlie Brooks.
Brooks is a prominent figure in the News International phone hacking scandal, having been the editor of the News of the World when illegal phone hacking was allegedly carried out by the newspaper. On 15 July 2011, Brooks resigned as chief executive of News International, following widespread criticism of her role in the controversy. On 17 July 2011, she was arrested on suspicion of conspiring to intercept communications and on suspicion of corruption - making corrupt payments to public officials. On 13 March 2012, she was again arrested on suspicion of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice. On 15 May 2012, Brooks was charged with conspiracy to pervert the course of justice‎. Mrs Brooks said she was “baffled” by the decision to charge her. Mr Brooks said he believed his wife had become 'the subject of a witch-hunt'.

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Reg Cudlipp
Reginald Cudlipp (11 December 1910–21 January 2005) was a British newspaper editor.
Cudlipp was born in Cardiff and was the second of three brothers. He followed his older brother, Percy, to become a journalist on the Penarth News, before joined the Western Mail as a sub-editor. In 1938, he became a sub-editor on the News of the World, based in London.
Cudlipp joined the Royal Artillery during World War II. He spent much of his time in the Army as associate editor of Phoenix Magazine. At the end of the war became the News of the World's New York correspondent. He returned to London in 1948, and was promoted to become editor in 1953. Both Percy and his younger brother Hugh had already edited national newspapers.
As editor, Cudlipp maintained the paper's reputation for reporting on sex scandals and serialising romantic novels. However, circulation fell from eight million to six-and-a-half million copies per issue, and he resigned in 1959. In 1961, he became director of the Anglo-Japanese Economic Institute and edited Japan, its journal. He remained director until 1986, and in 1982 was the first Briton to be awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure.

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Robert Skelton
Robert Lumley Skelton (4 October 1896–11 August 1973) was a British newspaper editor.
Skelton grew up in Newcastle-upon-Tyne and attended Rutherford College. During World War I, he served in the Durham Light Infantry from 1914, but was seconded to the Royal Flying Corps as a pilot in 1918. After the war, he took up journalism, and became editor of the Natal Witness in 1928. Returning to the UK in 1933, he was appointed Managing Editor of the Daily Telegraph, serving until 1948, when he became Editor of the News of the World. In later years, he served as Chairman and Managing Director of Curzon-Grantham Advertising.

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Ross Kemp
Ross James Belshaw Kemp (born 21 July 1964) is a BAFTA award-winning English actor, author and journalist, who rose to prominence in the role of Grant Mitchell in the BBC soap opera, EastEnders. Since 2006, Kemp has received international recognition as an investigative journalist for his critically acclaimed and award-winning documentary series Ross Kemp on Gangs.
Before becoming publicly known, Kemp made a TV commercial for Kellogg's Fruit 'n Fibre breakfast cereal. His first credited television appearance was in 1986, playing Graham Lodsworth in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale Farm (now Emmerdale). He was infamously thrown off set of Emmerdale after reportedly stubbing his toe on a prop and proceeding to violently attack the prop and claim that all props should be 'burnt alive' . He then ironically made guest appearances in episodes of London's Burning where he was seen throwing numerous props into the on-set fire, and Birds of a Feather. He was in a film called Playing Away in 1986 in a minor role alongside Neil Morrissey.

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Roy Greenslade
Roy Greenslade (born 31 December 1946) is Professor of Journalism at City University London and has been a media commentator since 1992, most notably for The Guardian.
He writes a daily blog on The Guardian media site and also writes a column for the London Evening Standard
He was educated at Dagenham County High School (1957–63) and, aged 17, was hired by the Barking and Dagenham Advertiser. After serving a three-year indentureship, he joined the Lancashire Evening Telegraph in Blackburn as a sub-editor before spending 18 months as a sub at the Manchester office of the Daily Mail.
In 1969, he went to Fleet Street as a news sub on The Sun, which had just been acquired by Rupert Murdoch. He had a brief spell with the Daily Mirror in 1972 before returning to The Sun as deputy chief sub-editor, first with the news desk and later in the features department.
He left The Sun in 1974 to write his first book and to take a degree in politics at the University of Sussex. He worked his way through university with part-time subbing jobs at the Brighton Argus, BBC Radio Brighton, the Sunday Mirror and Reveille. After graduating in 1979, he joined the Daily Star in Manchester for six months until being seconded to the Daily Express in London. He was soon appointed features editor of the Daily Star.

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Rupert Murdoch
Keith Rupert Murdoch, AC, KSG (born 11 March 1931) is an Australian American media mogul. Murdoch became managing director of Australia's News Limited, inherited from his father, in 1952. He is the founder, Chairman and CEO of global media holding company the News Corporation, the world's second-largest media conglomerate.
In the 1950s and '60s, he acquired various newspapers in Australia and New Zealand, before expanding into the United Kingdom in 1969, taking over the News of the World followed closely by The Sun. He moved to New York in 1974 to expand into the US market and became a naturalised US citizen in 1985. In 1981, he bought The Times, his first British broadsheet.
In 1986, keen to adopt newer electronic publishing technologies, he consolidated his UK printing operations in Wapping, causing bitter industrial disputes. His News Corporation acquired Twentieth Century Fox (1985), HarperCollins (1989) and The Wall Street Journal (2007). He formed BSkyB in 1990 and during the 1990s expanded into Asian networks and South American television. By 2000 Murdoch's News Corporation owned over 800 companies in more than 50 countries with a net worth of over $5 billion.

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Sara Payne
Sara Payne MBE (born 1968) is a British media campaigner.
Payne was born Sara-Jane Williams in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, England.^{[citation needed]} Since the murder of her daughter Sarah in July 2000, she has campaigned for parents to be given the right to know if a convicted paedophile is living in their community. Initially, the then Home Secretary David Blunkett refused to allow any public access to the information, and several child care agencies and police forces condemned Payne's campaigning amid fears that it could trigger vigilante violence. However, in 2008, eight years after the start of the campaign, a pilot scheme was introduced by four British police forces. If successful, it may be extended across the country in the future.
Her book, Sara Payne: A Mother's Story, was published in 2004.
On 31 December 2008, Payne was made an MBE in the New Year Honours list. On 26 January 2009, she was appointed Victims Champion by the Justice Secretary Jack Straw.
On 23 December 2009, Payne was taken to St George's Hospital, Tooting, south London, following complications after brain surgery in 2008 to cure a ruptured aneurysm. On 24 December 2009, it was stated that she was critically ill. Later reports indicated that she had responded well to treatment.

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Sean Hoare
Sean Hoare (c. 1963 – c. 17 July 2011) was a British entertainment journalist. He contributed to articles on show business, from actors to reality television stars. He played a central role in contributing to exposing the News International phone hacking scandal.
Hoare was described as by The Guardian's Nick Davies as "coming from a working-class background of solid Arsenal supporters, always voted Labour, defined himself specifically as a 'clause IV' socialist who still believed in public ownership of the means of production." Hoare was a trainee reporter in the 1980s for the Watford Observer.
He was a reporter for The Sun before joining the The Sunday People, under editor Neil Wallis. He moved to the News of the World in June 2001, under editor Rebekah Brooks (then Rebekah Wade) but was sacked in 2005 by then editor Andy Coulson for drink and drug problems. He said in regards to his drug taking while employed by the News of the World, "I was paid to go out and take drugs with rock stars – get drunk with them, take pills with them, take cocaine with them. It was so competitive. You are going to go beyond the call of duty. You are going to do things that no sane man would do. You're in a machine." He claims to have often taken "three grammes of cocaine a day, spending about £1,000 a week" and would drink Jack Daniel's, and then would snort a line of cocaine as part of a "rock star's breakfast". His health deteriorated to the point that the doctor examining his liver remarked that he "must be dead". A former colleague said, "if you could imagine the stereotypical image of News of the World hack, it would be he."

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Sheryl Gascoigne
Sheryl Gasgoigne (née Failes; born 24 September 1965) is a British television personality and author. She is the former wife of footballer Paul Gascoigne and the mother of glamour model Bianca Gascoigne. Her television career includes a presenting role on ITV1's Loose Women, and she appeared as a contestant on the tenth series of the UK version of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!.
Sheryl Gascoigne rose to prominence because of her high-profile relationship, and later marriage, to footballer Paul Gascoigne. Having met in around 1990, they were married in Hatfield, Hertfordshire in July 1996. However, the marriage was a turbulent and ultimately short-lived one, ending in divorce in August 1998. Paul had experienced difficulties with alcoholism and had been abusive towards his wife. In a July 1994 interview with a Sunday newspaper Paul Gascoigne admitted beating Sheryl on a regular basis for two years. The couple later tried to reconcile, but without success.
Following her divorce in 1998 Sheryl Gascoigne campaigned for victims of domestic violence, and became a television personality. Among her credits include presenting role on ITV1's Loose Women and appearances in numerous television documentaries. In 2010 she appeared on series ten of I'm a Celebrity Get...Me Out of Here!. Having turned down an offer to appear on the programme earlier in the year, she was persuaded to join after one of the other contestants, Gail Porter was forced to drop out, and she was allegedly offered a higher fee to take part. She was the first contestant to be voted off after 13 days.

wn.com/Sheryl_Gascoigne
Sienna Miller
Sienna Rose Miller (born December 28, 1981) is an American born English actress, model, and fashion designer. She is best known for her roles in Layer Cake, Alfie, Factory Girl, The Edge of Love and G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra. In 2007, the London Film Critics named her British Actress of the Year for Interview. In 2006, she designed a fashion capsule for Pepe Jeans.
Born in a theatre in New York City, Miller moved to London with her family when she was just over a year old. Her mother, Josephine, is a South African-born former model. Her father, Edwin Miller, is an American banker turned dealer of Chinese art. Miller has a sister, Savannah, and two half-brothers, Charles and Stephen. Miller attended Heathfield St Mary's School, a boarding school in Ascot, Berkshire, and later studied for a year at the Lee Strasberg Institute in New York City. She carries both British and American passports, and acquired her first driving licence in the US Virgin Islands, as it was easier to qualify there, thus allowing her to drive in both the US and UK.

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Stafford Somerfield
Stafford Somerfield (9 January 1911–14 January 1995) was a British newspaper editor.
Born in Barnstaple, Somerfield worked at the Express and Echo, then moved to London as a journalist on the Daily Telegraph and the News Chronicle. During World War II he served with the Gloucestershire Regiment, rising to become a major.
When the war ended, Somerfield joined the News of the World, and in 1960 he was appointed as its editor. He prioritised shocking stories, and printed explicit details of Diana Dors and Christine Keeler's lives. He often fell into conflict with the Press Council, particularly after paying David Smith, chief prosecution witness in the Moors murders case, on condition that the suspects were convicted.
Somerfield opposed Rupert Murdoch's purchase of the News of the World. He refused to resign, and in 1970 instead took an offer of £100,000 to leave. In retirement, he became a judge at Crufts and wrote columns on dog-related matters.

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Stephen Glover
Stephen Glover is a British journalist and columnist for Mail on Sunday. He was formerly a media columnist on The Independent.
He co-founded The Independent in 1986 with Andreas Whittam Smith and Matthew Symonds. All three had previously been journalists at The Daily Telegraph who had left the paper towards the end of Lord Hartwell's ownership. Marcus Sieff was the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing and Whittam Smith took control of the paper. In 1990 he became the first editor of The Independent on Sunday. He also wrote a regular column for The Spectator until 2005.
In 2004, Glover proposed a new compact newspaper to be titled The World. He wanted to model the newspaper on the French newspaper Le Monde and shun celebrity-oriented tabloid news. He originally hoped to launch the paper in 2005 or early 2006, but the project never got off the ground. Glover claimed to require only £15 million to launch The World, less than the budget for The Independent 20 years earlier.
In April 2012, The Guardian reported that Glover's contract with The Independent had been terminated.

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Steve Coogan
Stephen John "Steve" Coogan (born 14 October 1965) is a BAFTA-winning English actor, comedian, writer, impressionist and producer. Born in Middleton, Lancashire, he began his career as a stand-up comedian and impressionist, working as a voice artist throughout the 1980s on satirical puppet show Spitting Image. In the early 1990s, Coogan began creating original comic characters which he presented in stage shows, this led to him winning the 1992 Perrier Award at the Edinburgh Fringe, for his show with long-time collaborator John Thomson. The most prominent characters he developed at this time were Paul Calf, a stereotypical lower class Mancunian and his sister the promiscuous Pauline (played by Coogan in drag).
Working with Chris Morris, Patrick Marber and Armando Iannucci for On the Hour and The Day Today, Coogan developed his most popular and most developed character; Alan Partridge, a socially awkward and politically incorrect regional media personality, who developed to feature in his own eponymous television series, Knowing Me Knowing You with Alan Partridge and I'm Alan Partridge, which were well received and were nominated for five BAFTAs in total. Outside the UK, Coogan is better known for his roles in films including 24 Hour Party People, The Wind in the Willows, Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, Night at the Museum, Tropic Thunder, Hamlet 2, A Cock and Bull Story, The Trip and The Other Guys.

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Stuart Higgins
Stuart Higgins is a British public relations consultant and former newspaper editor.
Higgins began his career as a reporter for a news agency, then began working for The Sun in 1979. He soon became the newspaper's Royal Correspondent, during which time he tested security at Highgrove House. At one point, Kelvin MacKenzie printed Higgins' direct phone number in The Sun, billed him as the Human Sponge and asked readers to call him to "get things off their chest". In 1994, Higgins succeeded MacKenzie as editor of the newspaper.
Higgins left The Sun in 1998 after being accused of sexual harassment during his time at The Sun following a complaint from a former executive secretary. It was reported that News International paid the employee £500,000 'hush' money in return for the allegations to go no further. Higgins then went on to set up his own public relations company.

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Stuart Kuttner
Stuart Kuttner (born 1939 or 1940) former newspaper editor. He worked as the news editor for the London Evening Standard before joining the News of the World newspaper in 1980 first as a deputy editor, then as managing editor. He held the position for 22 years before stepping down from his post in 2009 and retiring to Woodford Green. He was arrested on 2 August 2011, in connection with the News International phone hacking scandal and later bailed. He was 71 at the time of his arrest.
Kuttner was closely involved with the campaign for Sarah's Law. It was for this work that he and a colleague were awarded the "team of the year" prize at the 2002 British Press Awards. Upon leaving the News of the World he stated that he would continue to work with the paper on "specialised projects" including campaigning for parents to be able to find out if registered sex offenders are resident in their area.
Kuttner was arrested by appointment on 2 August 2011 by officers involved in Operation Weeting on suspicion of corruption, contrary to Section 1 of the Prevention of Corruption Act 1906 and on suspicion of conspiring to intercept communications, contrary to Section 1 (1) of the Criminal Law Act 1977, the same charges as had been laid against former News of the World editor Rebekah Brooks just over two weeks earlier. He was initially released under police bail until the end of the month but was taken into custody again on 30 August and bailed until an unspecified date in September.

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Sue Akers
Sue Akers, QPM, is a Deputy Assistant Commissioner of the British Metropolitan Police Service. As of 2011, she holds the post of Head of Organised Crime & Criminal Networks in the Specialist Crime Directorate within that force.
She joined the force in 1976.
She was promoted by the Metropolitan Police Authority from the rank of Chief Superintendent to Commander in 2004.
She was awarded the Queen's Police Medal in 2007.
As of February 2011, she was leading Operation Weeting, the most recent British police investigation into allegations of phone hacking in the News of the World phone hacking affair. In July 2011, as the result of documents submitted to Operation Weeting, she also took on the leadership of a related investigation, Operation Elveden.She is also in charge of a third investigation, Operation Tuleta, which is looking at allegations that computers were hacked to obtain private information.Akers has also been leading police inquiries into the potential involvement of intelligence services in relation to detainees held abroad.

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Sydney Elliott
Sydney Robert Elliott (31 August 1902–9 October 1987) was a British newspaper editor.
Born on Clydeside, Elliott became involved in the co-operative movement. In the late 1920s he moved to Manchester to become editor of the monthly co-operative journal The Millgate Monthly. In 1929, the Sunday newspaper Reynold's News was bought by the Co-operative Press, and Elliott was appointed as its editor. He worked on updating the appearance of the paper, and appointed well-known figures such as H. N. Brailsford and Hamilton Fyfe as columnists. In 1937, he wrote a comprehensive account of the movement, England: Cradle of Co-operation, while he also launched the United Peace Alliance to campaign against Franco in the Spanish Civil War. This soon became the focus of unsuccessful attempts by communists and left-wing members of the Labour Party to create a popular front.
In 1941 Elliott moved to London to work on the Evening Standard, then showing sympathy with radical causes under its editor, Michael Foot. He succeeded Foot as editor in 1943, but left in the run-up to the 1945 UK general election after owner Lord Beaverbrook began putting pressure on him to advocate a vote for the Conservative Party. He became Editorial Advisor at the Daily Mirror, where he masterminded its campaign to support the Labour Party at the 1945 election. He later moved to supervise the Mirror's newspaper and radio operations in Australia, but returned to become General Manager of the Daily Herald in 1952.

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Tessa Jowell
Tessa Jowell (born 17 September 1947) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Dulwich and West Norwood since 1992. Formerly a member of both the Blair and Brown Cabinets, she is currently the Shadow Minister for the Olympics and Shadow Minister for London.
Tessa Jane Helen Palmer was born in Marylebone, London to Dr. Kenneth Palmer, a physician, and Rosemary Palmer, a radiographer. She was educated at the public school St Margaret's School for Girls in Aberdeen, the University of Aberdeen, the University of Edinburgh and Goldsmiths College, University of London. She became a social worker and eventually administrator of the mental health charity Mind.
In 1978 she was Labour Party candidate in a by-election in Ilford North but lost Labour's majority to the Conservatives. She also stood in Ilford North, again unsuccessfully, at the 1979 general election.
Elected as MP for Dulwich at the 1992 general election, she was successively appointed as an opposition spokesman on health, an opposition whip and spokesman on women before returning to the shadow health team in 1996.

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Tom Crone
Tom Crone is a British barrister, last working for News International as Legal Affairs manager, before he resigned during the News International phone hacking scandal.
Crone qualified as a barrister, and after five years of private practise joined Mirror Group Newspapers. In 1985, he joined News International, appointed as Legal Affairs manager. During his time at the group, acting for The Sun and the News of the World, he won plaudits from both colleagues and rivals for his unerring journalistic instinct: "He is a unique lawyer in that he has great journalistic instincts. He is sort of 10% journalist and is incredibly streetwise." A close personal friend of the late George Carman QC, Crone was one of the first media managers to use libel defence specialist John Kelsey-Fry QC. He also hit out at then Attorney General for England and Wales Lord Goldsmith for clamping down on media coverage of high-profile cases, such as the allegations of rape made against a group of Premier League footballers, before they go to trial.

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Tom Mockridge
Tom Mockridge (born 1955 in New Zealand), is the chief executive of News International, replacing Rebekah Brooks who resigned over the phone hacking scandal.
Mockridge began his career in his native New Zealand; starting in 1977 as a reporter for the New Plymouth-based Taranaki Daily News in the small central North Island town of Taumarunui.
He moved to Australia in 1980, working first for the Sydney Morning Herald as economics editor, then as an adviser for the Australian Treasurer Paul Keating. He also worked for The Australian. He joined News Limited in January 1991, where he was assistant CEO to Ken Cowley until 1996. He then became CEO of Foxtel, a post which he held for three years. Mockridge then moved to Hong Kong.
Appointed managing director of Independent Newspapers in 2001, New Zealand's largest newspaper publisher and a subsidiary of News Corp, he was also appointed President of pay TV group Sky New Zealand.
In 2002, Mockridge led the merger between Stream TV and Tele+, which resulted in the creation of Sky Italia. On completion of the merger, he was appointed CEO of Sky Italia. In 2008 Mockridge was appointed Managing Director of European Television (all News Corps TV assets outside the UK), reporting to James Murdoch. He was later appointed to the board of British Sky Broadcasting, a position he still holds.

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Tony Blair
Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. He resigned from all of these positions in June 2007.
Blair was elected Leader of the Labour Party in the leadership election of July 1994, following the sudden death of his predecessor, John Smith. Under his leadership, the party used the phrases "New Labour" and "New Socialism" to define its policy, and moved away from its support of state socialism since the 1960s and created a new version of the ethical socialism that was last pursued by Clement Attlee. Critics of Blair claim that "New Labour" did not adhere to socialism as claimed, and that it effectively advocated capitalism. Blair subsequently led Labour to a landslide victory in the 1997 general election. At 43 years old, he became the youngest Prime Minister since Lord Liverpool in 1812. In the first years of the New Labour government, Blair's government implemented a number of 1997 manifesto pledges, introducing the minimum wage, Human Rights Act and Freedom of Information Act, and carrying out devolution, establishing the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly.

wn.com/Tony_Blair
Wendi Deng Murdoch
Wendi Deng Murdoch (simplified Chinese: 邓文迪; traditional Chinese: 鄧文迪; pinyin: Dèng Wéndí; born December 8, 1968) is a Chinese-born American businesswoman. She is the third wife of News Corporation Chairman and CEO Rupert Murdoch, and is leading her husband's Chinese media investments.
In 1988, Murdoch was sponsored by an American family for a student visa. She attended Cal State Northridge for economics and completed her master's degree in business at the Yale School of Management, where she currently serves on the board of advisors. Murdoch's debut in the media came with Fox TV. She was offered an internship at Star TV, Hong Kong, part of News Corporation.
Wendi Deng Murdoch was born in Jinan, Shandong, and raised in Xuzhou, Jiangsu. Her birth name was Deng Wenge (邓文革), which literally means "Cultural Revolution". She changed it in her teens when a more open and international mood took hold. Murdoch is the third of four children (three daughters, one son) born to engineers. Murdoch attended Xuzhou First Secondary School and Xuzhou No. 1 Middle School. She developed a strong interest in playing volleyball. While in high school, Murdoch's father relocated to Hangzhou, where he worked at the People's Machinery Works; she and her family remained behind for a short while. In 1985, when she was 16 years old, Murdoch enrolled in Guangzhou Medical College.

wn.com/Wendi_Deng_Murdoch
Wendy Henry
Wendy Henry is a former journalist and newspaper editor.
Wendy moved with her twin sister Sara from her mother's house in St Annes on Sea to Manchester in the late 1960s to live with their father, a Jewish market trader. By the age of eighteen, she had a child.
In their youth, Henry and her sister were active socialists, joining the International Socialists and later the International-Communist League. In 1972, she was given an absolute discharge after being accused of attempting to throw a carton of milk at Edward Heath when he visited Salford. Her involvement in radical activism at the University of Manchester was spotted by Brian Whittle, Brian Taylor and Peter Reece, who took her on at the Manchester News Service.
In the 1970s, Henry had a six month trial with the Daily Mail, but was not given a permanent position at the end of the trial. She worked as a freelance before joining the features department of the News of the World, then became features editor of Woman. She then became series editor of The Sun, followed by a stint as woman's editor, then assistant editor (features). According to Roy Greenslade, during the Falklands War, when she heard that the General Belgrano had been sunk, she joked "Gotcha!", which was used by editor Kelvin MacKenzie as a famous Sun headline. In 1983, she was suspended for two weeks after fabricating an interview with Falklands veteran Simon Weston. She was the first journalist to report that Princess Margaret was having a relationship with Roddy Llewellyn.

wn.com/Wendy_Henry
Wikipedia Persondata
wn.com/Wikipedia_Persondata
William Mellor
William Mellor (1888–1942) was a left-wing British journalist.
Mellor joined the Daily Herald in 1913 as a journalist, and was imprisoned during the First World War as a conscientious objector, returning to the Herald on his release. A Guild Socialist during the 1910s, he worked closely with G. D. H. Cole, founding the National Guilds League with him in 1915. He was a founder-member of the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1920, but resigned in 1924. He became editor of the Herald in 1926, succeeding George Lansbury when the Trades Union Congress took over the paper, and was fired in 1930 soon after Odhams Press took half-ownership with the TUC. He was the first editor of Tribune in 1937-38 and was sacked after falling out with Stafford Cripps over the latter’s proposals for a Popular Front of socialist and non-socialist parties against fascism. For the last 10 years of his life, though married with a family, he conducted an affair with the young Barbara Castle.

wn.com/William_Mellor

Rebekah Brooks "Friday" (Rebecca Black Parody)

Rebekah Brooks sings Rebecca Black... News International, national News News News Internat...

published: 18 Jul 2011

author: helpsellwit11

Rebekah Brooks charged with perverting the course of justice

Channel 4 News Home Affairs correspondent, Andy Davies, considers the implications of Rebe...

published: 15 May 2012

author: Channel4News

Rebekah Brooks and others charged with perverting course of justice (15May12)

News International staff including Rebekah Brooks are charged with perverting the course o...

published: 15 May 2012

author: liarpoliticians

Rebekah Brooks (McCanns) LEVESON INQUIRY May 11th 2012

Join Discussion: Complete Mystery of Madeleine McCann jillhavern.forumotion.net...

published: 11 May 2012

author: HiDeHo4

Rebekah Brooks reveals messages from politicians

Former News International chief executive talks about the text messages she received from ...

published: 11 May 2012

author: itnnews

Rebekah Brooks admits to paying police

Rebekah Brooks (neé Wade) admitting to paying police for information, before Andy Coulson ...

published: 09 Apr 2011

author: Jared Earle

Hugh Grant exposes hacking of Rebekah Brooks, Andy Coulson and Paul McMullon

www.facebook.com Hugh Grant exposes hacking and the illegal practices of the News of the W...

published: 08 Jul 2011

author: sarahtriumph

Rebekah Mary Brooks

Rebekah Mary Brooks (née Wade, born 27 May 1968) is a British journalist and former newspa...

published: 13 May 2012

author: BYCODE2222

Rebekah Brooks 'subject to a witchhunt' says her husband

Rebekah Brooks says she is "baffled" by the decision to charge her over the phone-hacking ...

published: 15 May 2012

author: itnnews

Rebekah Brooks Addressing NoTW Staff [Complete - Part 1]

This is an audio recording of News International chief executive Rebekah Brooks addressing...

published: 08 Jul 2011

author: NOTWPhoneHacking

Rebekah Brooks Leveson Inquiry LOL Cameron

Rebekah Brooks testifies just how close she was to the British Prime Minister , whilst edi...

published: 14 May 2012

author: TestTransmission1984

Interview: phone hacking inquiry

Jon talks to News International's director of corporate affairs, Simon Greenberg, about ph...

published: 05 Jul 2011

author: Channel4News

Rebekah Brooks' car gets trapped leaving Lewisham police station

The former News International CEO has a few problems escaping photographers after being ch...

published: 15 May 2012

author: itnnews

Did Rebekah Brooks THREATEN David Cameron? - McCann Scotland Yard Review -

Join the Discussions: The Madeleine McCann CONSPIRACY www.facebook.com Complete Mystery of...

published: 13 May 2012

author: HiDeHo4

Ex-Murdoch Aide Rebekah Brooks Arrested

Rebekah Brooks, Rupert Murdoch's former British CEO, said she was "assisting the police wi...

published: 17 Jul 2011

author: AssociatedPress

Rebekah Brooks arrested in phone hacking probe

Rebekah Brooks former chief of News International and a personal friend of UK Prime Minist...

published: 17 May 2012

author: presstvlondon

Leveson Inquiry: Rebekah Brooks text 'we're definitely in this together' to David Cameron

The Leveson Inquiry reveals that Rebekah Brooks texted David Cameron on the eve of his 200...

published: 14 Jun 2012

author: telegraphtv

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photo: AP / Mohamed Sheikh Nor

File - Al-Shabaab fighters display weapons as they conduct military exercises in northern Mogadishu, Somalia,Thursday, Oct. 21, 2010.

French secret service hostage and soldiers killed in Somali rescue mission

The Guardian

12 Jan 2013

Helicopter raid fails to rescue agent 'Denis Allex' from Islamist group al-Shabaab, as French combat pilot killed in Mali. French secret service hostage 'Denis Allex' pictured in Somalia in October 2012. Photograph. SITE Monitoring Service/AFP/Getty Images. A French hostage and two French soldiers have been killed during a failed secret service rescue mission in Somalia ... The group said it had also captured a wounded French commando ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)

photo: AP / Adj Nicolas-Nelson Richard, ECPAD

This Sunday Jan.13, 2013 photo provided by the French Army Monday Jan.14, 2013 shows a French Rafale jetfighter landing after a mission to Mali in N'Djamena, Chad.

France strikes Mali rebels

Independent online (SA)

14 Jan 2013

Bamako/Paris - French fighter jets pounded Islamist rebel strongholds deep in northern Mali on Sunday as Paris poured more troops into the capital, Bamako, awaiting a West African force to dislodge al-Qaeda-linked insurgents from the country’s north ... Defence Minister Jean-Yves le Drian said France’s intervention on Friday prevented the advancing rebels from seizing Bamako and vowed air strikes would continue ... – ... Doubt....(size: 6.6Kb)

photo: AP / Kevin Frayer

Indian Hindu holy men, or Naga Sadhus, run naked into the water at Sangam, the confluence of the rivers Ganges, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati, during the royal bath on Makar Sankranti at the start of the Maha Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, India, Monday, Jan. 14, 2013.

Pilgrims Flock to India's Ganges for World's Biggest Festival

Jakarta Globe

14 Jan 2013

Allahabad. Hundreds of thousands of Hindu pilgrims led by naked, ash-covered holy men streamed into the sacred river Ganges on Monday at the start of the world's biggest religious festival. The Kumbh Mela in the Indian town of Allahabad will see up to 100 million worshippers gather over the next 55 days to take a ritual bath in the holy waters, believed to cleanse sins and bestow blessings ... "I am ecstatic ... Agence France-Presse ....(size: 4.2Kb)

photo: US Navy / MCS2 Gretchen Albrecht

File - Electronics Technician 3rd Class Jackie McBride hands a box to Electronics Technician 2nd Class Shawn Cutter as they attempt to clear a street in Staten Island, New York that was leveled during Hurricane Sandy, Nov. 9, 2012.

Now no one can deny that the world is getting warmer

The Observer

13 Jan 2013

The draft version of the US National Climate Assessment, released on Friday, makes remarkable reading – not just for Americans but for all humanity. Put together by a special panel of more than 240 scientists, the federally commissioned report reveals that the US is already reeling under the impact of global warming ... Nor is there any doubt about the cause of these rising temperatures ... A bitter struggle lies ahead ... Sender's name ... ....(size: 6.2Kb)

photo: White House / Pete Souza

File - President Barack Obama talks with Chief of Staff Jack Lew and Rob Nabors, Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs, in the Oval Office, Nov. 28, 2012.

Obama On Debt Ceiling: 'We Are Not A Deadbeat Nation'

Huffington Post

14 Jan 2013

WASHINGTON -- President Barack Obama issued a strong warning to Republicans on Monday that he will not negotiate over the debt ceiling or allow Republicans to use it as a bargaining chip. "To even entertain the idea of the United States of America not paying our bills is irresponsible. It's absurd," Obama said in a press conference ... "They will not collect a ransom in exchange for not crashing the economy," Obama said ... Also on HuffPost ... ....(size: 10.3Kb)

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New Labour and The Sun – a “kissy-kissy celebration

The Independent

14 Jan 2013

“In effect, it was the crowning party for Rebekah Brooks ... This was a meeting for colluding friends.”. It was not particularly admirable of Lord Stoneham’s to wait ten years until Rebekah Brooks was in no position to hit back, to share this story with the public, but it is an another interesting insight into how Tony Blair’s government courted Rupert Murdoch’s empire. Recent Posts on McSmith ... Most viewed ... Commented ... Query ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)

Hair-trigger issue

Canberra Times

12 Jan 2013

Adimly lit street in Birmingham in the early hours of the morning. a man lurches out of a takeaway, an expression of hatred fixed upon his face ... Former News International chief executive Rebekah Brooks is often described as ''flame-haired''; in 2009, Prince William mocked his brother Harry during an interview, saying that he was a ''ginger … but he's a good-looking ginger so it's all right'' ... There is no logic to this ... ....(size: 6.5Kb)

London Cop Found Guilty of Misconduct in News Corp. Bribery Case

Bloomberg

10 Jan 2013

Casburn, a detective chief inspector with the Metropolitan Police Service, is one of dozens of people arrested in the bribery investigation, including journalists at News Corp.’s Sun daily newspaper, prison workers, members of the military and Rebekah Brooks, the former chief executive officer of News Corp.’s U.K ... Brooks is accused of paying 100,000 ......(size: 3.8Kb)

News Corp. Said to Settle Cherie Blair Phone-Hacking Lawsuit

Bloomberg

10 Jan 2013

News Corp. (NWSA) settled more than 100 lawsuits over phone hacking by journalists at the now-defunct News of the World tabloid as it seeks to avoid a civil trial, according to people familiar with the matter ... “It’s now been settled -- we’re delighted,” Beckham’s lawyer, Gerald Shamash, said of the lawsuit ... News Corp ... operation, including Rebekah Brooks, its former chief executive officer. Brooks is among eight former News Corp ... ....(size: 3.5Kb)

Sorry Sue, but the News of the People just won't work

The Guardian

10 Jan 2013

You have to hand it to Sue Douglas for sheer dogged determination. Ever since the News of the World's closure she has been trying to forge a deal that would enable her to launch a lookalike title ... I somehow doubt that, but I have a lot of time for Douglas ... I hope she won't mind the comparison, but she has some of the qualities of Rebekah Brooks, being a first-rate networker can talk people into overcoming working for her ... ....(size: 4.1Kb)

News Corp. Settles More Hacking Claims

The Hollywood Reporter

09 Jan 2013

share. Actor James Nesbitt, the father of soccer star David Beckham and former Prime Minister Tony Blair's wife are among the latest to settle. LONDON -- The News International U.K. newspaper unit of Rupert Murdoch's News Corp ... News Corp ... News Corp. Registers Planned Split With the SEC. Rebekah Brooks Got $17.5 Million News Corp ... Email ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)

Bullied – and worse – for being ginger

The Daily Telegraph

09 Jan 2013

They’re teased, taunted and even assaulted, all because of the colour of their hair. Why does this prejudice persist?. Better red than dyed. the actress Jessica Chastain considered becoming blonde earlier in her career due to the difficulty she faced in getting auditions Photo ... Former News International chief executive Rebekah Brooks is often described as “flame-haired”, while even Prince Harry does not escape ... ....(size: 14.4Kb)

Scotland Yard Officer Defends Herself as Phone Hacking-Related Trial Starts

The Hollywood Reporter

08 Jan 2013

share. Adrian Dennis/AFP/Getty Images ... Phone Hacking Scandal ... U.K. Court ... U.K ... The most prominent other people facing trials this year are Andy Coulson, the former News of the World editor who later served as communications director for British Prime Minister David Cameron, and Rebekah Brooks, the former editor of the News of the World and The Sun, as well as CEO of News Corp.'s U.K ... Email ... Twitter ... Rebekah Brooks Phone Hacking Scandal ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)

Brooks takes Bail to the Caribbean

The Daily Mail

08 Jan 2013

... husband, Charlie Brooks, in the Caribbean....(size: 0.2Kb)

Trial Begins for Scotland Yard Officer in Phone-Hacking Scandal

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

08 Jan 2013

Others facing trial this year include Andy Coulson, a News of the World editor who went on to become Prime Minister David Cameron's communications director at 10 Downing Street; Rebekah Brooks, a former editor of two Murdoch tabloids, The News of the World and The Sun, who resigned as the chief executive of News International, the Murdoch newspaper subsidiary in Britain, as the scandal unfolded in 2011; and Charlie Brooks, Ms....(size: 5.0Kb)

And the four privy councillors who inducted David Cameron were…

The Independent

08 Jan 2013

From left. Baroness Amos, Hazel Blears, Lord Falconer and Harriet Harman. A reader has taken me to task over a feature I wrote in which I asserted that the Privy Council has not met for a many years ... Because these decisions are uncontroversial, no attempt is made to achieve political balance ... Recent Posts on McSmith ... compare and contrastIs he Clegg, or is he Kilroy?Cameron and Rebekah Brooks - "not a big deal"A Tory at the races ... Query ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)

Ronseal: compare and contrast

The Independent

07 Jan 2013

“This is a government, not a marriage ... “People are crying out for a kind of Ronseal politics ... Is he Clegg, or is he Kilroy?Cameron and Rebekah Brooks - "not a big deal"A Tory at the races50 Shades of Dominique Strauss-KahnIt could so easily have been Prime Minister Joey Barton ... Commented ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)

Officer Accused of Offering News Corp. Details on Hacking Probe

Bloomberg

07 Jan 2013

A U.K. policewoman gave information on a probe into phone hacking at News Corp.’s News of the World to journalists at the newspaper, prosecutors said at the first trial linked to wrongdoing at the now-defunct tabloid ... She denies asking for a bribe ... News Corp ... Eight people have been charged in the phone-hacking probe, including Rebekah Brooks, the former chief executive officer of News Corp. (NWSA)’s U.K. publishing unit ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)

timeline:
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Rebekah Brooks
Born	Rebekah Mary Wade^[1]^[2] (1968-05-27) 27 May 1968 (age 44) Warrington, Lancashire, England^[3]^[4]^[5]
Occupation	Journalist, newspaper editor^[5]
Notable credit(s)	The Post, The Sun, News of the World^[5]
Spouse	Ross Kemp (m. 2002–09, divorced^[6]) Charlie Brooks (m. June 2009)

Rebekah Mary Brooks (née Wade; born 27 May 1968) is a British journalist and former newspaper editor. She was Chief Executive Officer of News International from 2009 to 2011, having previously served as the youngest editor of a British national newspaper as editor of the News of the World^[7] - from 2000 to 2003 - and the first female editor of The Sun^[8] - from 2003 to 2009. Brooks married actor Ross Kemp in 2002. They divorced in 2009^[6] and she married former racehorse trainer and author Charlie Brooks.

Brooks is a prominent figure in the News International phone hacking scandal, having been the editor of the News of the World when illegal phone hacking was allegedly carried out by the newspaper. On 15 July 2011, Brooks resigned as chief executive of News International, following widespread criticism of her role in the controversy.^[9] On 17 July 2011, she was arrested on suspicion of conspiring to intercept communications and on suspicion of corruption - making corrupt payments to public officials.^[10]^[11] On 13 March 2012, she was again arrested on suspicion of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice.^[12] On 15 May 2012, Brooks was charged with conspiracy to pervert the course of justice‎.^[13] Mrs Brooks said she was “baffled” by the decision to charge her.^[14] Mr Brooks said he believed his wife had become 'the subject of a witch-hunt'. ^[15]

1 Early life
2 Career
3 Phone hacking scandal
4 Political connections
5 Personal life
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Early life [link]

Brooks was born Rebekah Mary Wade in Warrington, Lancashire to a father variously described as a tugboat deckhand and gardener.^[16] She grew up in Daresbury,^[17]^[18] and decided she wanted to be a journalist from the age of fourteen.^[19] She attended Appleton Hall High School – a state comprehensive school that had previously been a grammar school – in Appleton, near Warrington. A childhood friend, Louise Weir, described her as "more emotionally intelligent than academic", charming and always able to get what she wanted out of people.^[5]

In Brooks' entry in Who's Who she stated that she studied at the Sorbonne in Paris, but did not claim to have a degree, and did not later answer questions about this; in a 2003 Spectator article, Stephen Glover suggested that, since she was working at the age of 20 for the News of the World, "we can safely assume that she did not study at the Sorbonne in any meaningful way".^[20] In 2010, Brooks was awarded an honorary Fellowship from the University of the Arts, London, for her contribution to journalism.^[21] She attended the London College of Communication, now part of the university, as a student.

The commentator Henry Porter claims little is known of Brooks personally.^[5] Tim Minogue, who was one of her first co-editors before becoming a journalist at Private Eye magazine, recalled a “likeable, skinny, hollow-eyed girl who was very ambitious”.^[22]

Career [link]

After school she worked for the French magazine L'architecture d'aujourd'hui in Paris, before returning to Britain to work for Eddy Shah's Messenger Group.^[5]^[19] Graham Ball, the then features editor at The Post newspaper, recalled that she was a notably astute and intelligent staff member.^[5] When The Post was disbanded, Brooks then moved to the News of the World.^[5]

[edit] News of the World

She joined the Sunday newspaper News of the World in 1989 as a secretary, before working as a feature writer for its Sunday magazine where she worked on "The A to Z of Soaps" with TV soap opera expert Chris Stacey, and eventually becoming the paper's deputy editor.^[19] In 1994, she prepared for the News of the World's interview with James Hewitt, a paramour of Princess Diana, by reserving a hotel suite and hiring a team to "kit it out with secret tape devices in various flowerpots and cupboards," Piers Morgan, her former boss, wrote in his memoir The Insider, The New York Times relayed in July 2011.^[23] In 1998, she transferred to the News of the World's daily counterpart, The Sun, where she was appointed its deputy editor. In this period, she reportedly attempted to persuade David Yelland to end the Page Three Girls feature.^[24] She then returned to the News of the World in 2000 as editor; at the time, she was the youngest editor of a national British newspaper.^[7] While at the News of the World, Brooks oversaw its campaign of "naming and shaming" individuals suspected to be convicted child sex offenders— a campaign launched in the wake of the murder of Sarah Payne.^[5]^[25] The paper's decision led to angry mobs terrorising those they suspected of being child sex offenders,^[26] which included several cases of mistaken identity and one instance where a paediatrician had her house vandalised, apparently by people who thought her occupation meant she was a paedophile.^[27]^[28]^[29] The campaign was described as "grossly irresponsible" journalism by the Chief Constable of Gloucestershire, Tony Butler,^[19] but Brooks defended the paper's actions on the BBC's Breakfast with Frost, claiming that it was "only right that the public have controlled access" to information on sex offenders.^[30] The paper's already strong sales held up well under her leadership, while those of rival Sunday newspapers The People and the Sunday Mirror fell more sharply.^[31]

Former Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott praised Brooks's handling of the story of his wife, Pauline, giving up one of her children for adoption as "very reasonable and professional" in style.^[5]

[edit] The Sun

In January 2003, she returned to The Sun, replacing her former boss David Yelland, to become its first female editor.^[31] On Brooks's first day as editor, the Page Three girl was Rebekah Parmar-Teasdale – the caption to the picture was "Rebekah from Wapping".^[32] Soon after becoming editor, Brooks ran the headline "Bonkers Bruno Locked Up" concerning the mental health problems of former heavyweight boxing champion Frank Bruno. The next day The Sun ran a 600-word reply from the head of the mental health charity Sane, and since then has adopted a style guide on covering mental health stories prepared by the same charity. Brooks and her husband spent a day with the head of Sane and made donations to the charity.^[33]^[34]

During a March 2003 appearance before the House of Commons Select Committee on Culture, Media and Sport as part of an inquiry into privacy issues, Brooks stated that her newspaper had paid police officers for information.^[35] Alison Clark, the director of corporate affairs at News International, later stated, "It is not company practice to pay police for information."^[35]

Brooks has been chair of the organisation Women in Journalism,^[19] and has served as a judge for the "Guardian Student Media Awards" in November 2003^[36] and the tenth annual Police Bravery Awards in July 2005, the latter sponsored by The Sun.^[37]

News International [link]

In June 2009, it was announced that she would leave The Sun in September 2009, to become chief executive of the newspaper's parent company, News International.^[8] Dominic Mohan was named her successor as editor of The Sun.^[38]

Phone hacking scandal [link]

A police enquiry revealed that the News of the World had a routine practice of intercepting mobile phone messages of celebrities, politicians and other public figures. The newspaper's reporter, Clive Goodman, and Glenn Mulcaire, a hired investigator, were convicted and jailed for intercepting the phone messages of members of the royal family in 2006.

Questioning by MPs [link]

In 2003, under questioning by the Culture, Media and Sport Select Committee of the House of Commons, Chris Bryant MP asked her and Andy Coulson whether either of their newspapers had ever been involved in various improper acts. Brooks replied, "We have paid police for information in the past." Andy Coulson stepped in to say that payments were only made lawfully. The Sun, of which Brooks was editor, subsequently ridiculed Chris Bryant in a number of articles, starting with one about a photograph of him in his underpants from a gay dating web site. Brooks later claimed that in her response to Bryant's question she had merely been speaking about the widespread belief that payments had been made to police, and denied having any knowledge of specific payments.^[39]

According to MPs, Rebekah Brooks refused three times to attend the committee again to be questioned further,^[40] resulting in four committee members "considering asking the serjeant at arms to issue a warrant forcing Brooks to attend"; however they subsequently dropped this proposal because they believed their private lives would be investigated if they did so.^[40]^[41] John Whittingdale, chair of the committee, stated there was a conversation "about the possible repercussions of issuing a warrant for Brooks but said that did not have any bearing on his decision and he did not believe News International would target committee members."^[41]

On 11 May 2012, Rebekah Brooks appeared as a witness in the Leveson Inquiry.^[42]

Milly Dowler [link]

In 2011, The Guardian^[43] and a solicitor alleged that in 2002, when Brooks was editor, the paper had also hacked the voicemail of missing schoolgirl Milly Dowler (later found to be murdered), to access messages left by her parents. It was also alleged that messages had been deleted when the mailbox was getting full, to allow new messages to be left and illicitly listened to; this caused the missing girl's family to think that she was still alive and monitoring her messages. The New York Times London reporter Sarah Lyall wrote that, if the allegations were true, "it would mean either that Ms. Brooks had no idea how the paper she edited was obtaining information about the Dowler family for its articles, or that she knew about the hacking and allowed it."^[43] In an email to her staff Brooks said it was "inconceivable" that she had known what was happening over Milly Dowler's voicemail.^[44]

Resignation [link]

Wikinews has related news: Rebekah Brooks resigns from News International

In July 2011, Labour Party leader Ed Miliband said Brooks should "consider her position" after the Milly Dowler allegations.^[45] Prime Minister David Cameron said that if Brooks had offered her resignation to him, he would have accepted it. Milly Dowler's parents also called for Brooks' resignation.

When Brooks told News of the World staff that the newspaper was being closed down, some reportedly said that all of their jobs had been sacrificed in order to save hers.^[46] Andreas Whittam Smith suggested that Brooks' decision not to resign was symptomatic of "the self-serving, conceited thesis that 'only I, who was at the helm during the disaster, can steer us to safety.'"^[47]

On 14 July, News Corporation's second largest shareholder, Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal Alsaud, called for her resignation in a BBC interview.^[48]

Having previously had an offer of resignation rejected, Brooks resigned from News International on 15 July 2011.^[49] She said, "As chief executive of the company, I feel a deep sense of responsibility for the people we have hurt and I want to reiterate how sorry I am for what we now know to have taken place. I have believed that the right and responsible action has been to lead us through the heat of the crisis. However my desire to remain on the bridge has made me a focal point of the debate. This is now detracting attention from all our honest endeavours to fix the problems of the past. Therefore I have given Rupert and James Murdoch my resignation. While it has been a subject of discussion, this time my resignation has been accepted."^[50]

The Daily Telegraph reported that despite resigning from her position, Brooks remained on the company payroll and continued to receive her salary from News International, having been told by Rupert Murdoch to "travel the world on him for a year."^[51]

Arrests and prosecution [link]

On 17 July 2011, Brooks was arrested by police on suspicion of conspiring to intercept communications and on suspicion of corruption allegations.^[52]^[53]^[54] She was arrested by detectives working on Operation Weeting, the Metropolitan Police's phone hacking probe, and Operation Elveden, the probe examining illicit payments to police officers.^[54] Brooks' public relations agent Dave Wilson told CNN that she did not know she was going to be arrested when she arrived for a pre-arranged interview with London's Metropolitan Police Service.^[55]

After 12 hours in custody, Brooks was released on bail until October 2011.^[56]

On 13 March 2012, Brooks was rearrested, together with her husband, on suspicion of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice.^[12]

On 15 May 2012, it was announced that Brooks and five others were to be charged with conspiracy to pervert the course of justice.^[57]

Political connections [link]

There has been criticism of Brooks' influence on leading politicians, and possible connections between this and the phone hacking affair.^[58] Most notably, Brooks and her husband have close social ties to Prime Minister David Cameron and his wife. For example, a December 2010 dinner party was attended by Cameron and James Murdoch.^[59] In 2008 she was loaned a retired police horse by the Metropolitan Police. She kept it on her Oxfordshire farm, where it was ridden by David Cameron.^[60]

Brooks is also a friend of Tony and Cherie Blair;^[61] and Gordon and Sarah Brown.^[62] Her wedding to Charlie Brooks in 2009 was attended by Gordon Brown and David Cameron.

Her ex-husband Ross Kemp "starred" the Labour Party spot for the 2010 UK General Elections.

Personal life [link]

Brooks became engaged to actor Ross Kemp (best known as Grant Mitchell in EastEnders) in 1996, and married him in June 2002 in Las Vegas.^[52] On 3 November 2005, it was reported that Brooks had been arrested following an alleged assault on her husband. She was later released without charge and the police took no further action.^[52] The Sun had been running a campaign against domestic violence at the time.^[32]^[63] The couple had spent the previous evening in the company of the former Cabinet Minister David Blunkett, who had resigned for the second time on that day.^[64]

Private Eye and The Independent^[65] reported that the couple had separated; this was not widely reported in the remainder of the British press. The 7 March 2008 issue of Private Eye refers to her "paramour", former racehorse trainer and author Charlie Brooks. The Guardian reported on 5 June 2009, that she would marry Brooks.^[66] The Independent reported that Brooks and her fiancé had married in a lakeside ceremony in June 2009.^[67] The couple are key members of the Chipping Norton set, and live in Churchill, Oxfordshire, and London. ^[68] It was reported that a laptop and other items allegedly belonging to Charlie Brooks were found in the rubbish bins at the couple's London flat in Chelsea Harbour and, despite being claimed by Mr Brooks, were removed by police for examination.^[69]

In July 2011, MP Chris Bryant claimed that Brooks had previously implied that he would loiter in a London park because he was homosexual,^[70] and that Kemp had responded, "Shut up, you homophobic cow."^[70]

Brooks is a friend of Sheryl Gascoigne, the ex-wife of footballer Paul Gascoigne.^[24] She also attended the Prince of Wales' 50th birthday party.^[19]

It was announced by Bell Pottinger that Rebekah and Charlie Brooks were expecting a daughter in early 2012 via a surrogate mother.^[71]

References [link]

^ "Search 'person REBEKAH MARY BROOKS'". Comdevelopment. http://www.companiesintheuk.co.uk/Company/Find?q=person%20REBEKAH%20MARY%20BROOKS. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
^ Births, Marriages & Deaths Index of England & Wales, 1916–2005.; at ancestry.com
^ N.B. Warrington was in Lancashire at the date of her birth <--- not quite accurate: Warrington town indeed was, but the county boundary was first the Mersey, then the Ship canal. Daresbury has always been in Cheshire as it is south of both.
^ Sir Paul Stephenson resigns hours after Rebecca Brooks is arrested
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Stourton, Edward (15 July 2011). "BBC News – Profile: News International chief Rebekah Brooks". Bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-13117456. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Ross Kemp granted quickie divorce". Digital Spy. 6 March 2009. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/a148865/ross-kemp-granted-quickie-divorce.html. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
^ ^a ^b "The Media Guardian 100: 53. Rebekah Wade". The Guardian (London). 8 July 2002. http://media.guardian.co.uk/top100_2002/story/0,,744473,00.html. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ ^a ^b Sandle, Paul (23 June 2009). "UPDATE 2-UK Sun editor Wade to be News International CEO". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssTechMediaTelecomNews/idUSLN22429520090623.
^ Rebekah Brooks Quits As NI Chief Executive Sky News, 15 July 2011.
^ Helen Lewis-Hasteley "The intriguing timing of Rebekah Brooks's arrest", July 17, 2011, accessed August 16, 2011.
^ The Guardian, 21 March 2012, Rebekah Brooks questioned by police
^ ^a ^b "Phone hacking: Rebekah Brooks arrested in Weeting probe". BBC News. 13 March 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17349578. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/phone-hacking/9266529/Phone-hacking-Rebekah-Brooks-will-be-charged-with-perverting-course-of-justice.html
^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/phone-hacking/9273276/Phone-hacking-Rebekah-Brooks-could-challenge-charging-decision-because-prosecutor-was-victim-of-tabloid-sting.html
^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2144615/Phone-hacking-Rebekah-Brooks-husband-Charlie-charged-perverting-course-justice.html#ixzz1wYtAAEv2
^ . http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2082606/Cheryl-Carter-Rebekah-Brooks-personal-assistant-arrested-phone-hacking-investigation.html#ixzz1uZkBrmU8.
^ Geoffrey Levy (15 July 2011). "Rebekah Brooks hated Rupert Murdoch's wife Wendi and daughter Elisabeth | Mail Online". London: Dailymail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2015257/Rebekah-Brooks-hated-Rupert-Murdochs-wife-Wendi-daughter-Elisabeth.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
^ Sefton, Eliot. "Rebekah Brooks: from secretary to controversy". The First Post. http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/81262,people,news,rebekah-brooks-from-secretary-to-controversy. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Rebekah Wade: Profile". BBC News. 13 January 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1714303.stm. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ Glover, Stephen (1 February 2003). "Is it my imagination, or is the Sun getting smuttier?". The Independent. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3724/is_200302/ai_n9200502. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ Jessica Shepherd and David Batty (9 July 2011). "The Guardian, report 9 July 2011 – "Phone hacking: University urged to retract Rebekah Brooks honorary award – University of Arts London pressured to withdraw fellowship awarded to NI chief executive for 'contribution' to journalism – accessed 17 July 2011". Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/jul/09/phone-hacking-university-rebekah-brooks. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
^ Esther Addley (8 July 2011). "Rebekah Brooks: A ruthless, charming super-schmoozer | Media". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/jul/08/rebekah-brooks-profile-phone-hacking. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
^ Lyall, Sarah (7 July 2011). "A Tenacious Rise to the Top in the Brutal Men's World of Tabloids". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/08/world/europe/08profile.html. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Rebekah scores over the lads". BBC News. 24 May 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/761880.stm. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ "Paper defends paedophile campaign". BBC News. 16 December 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1713905.stm. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ "Police condemn vigilante violence". BBC News. 4 August 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/865633.stm. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ "Vigilante attack on innocent man". BBC News. 25 July 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/848737.stm. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ "Paediatrician attacks 'ignorant' vandals". BBC News. 30 August 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/901723.stm. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ Byrne, Ciar (7 April 2003). "Fresh apology over Sun paedophile mix-up". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2003/apr/07/pressandpublishing.sun.
^ "BBC Breakfast with Frost Interview: Rebekah Wade: Editor, News of the World". BBC News. 16 December 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast_with_frost/1714199.stm. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ ^a ^b Greenslade, Roy (14 January 2003). "Empress of the Sun". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,874340,00.html. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ ^a ^b Irvine, Ian (5 November 2005). "Rebekah Wade: The feisty first lady of Wapping". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/rebekah-wade-the-feisty-first-lady-of-wapping-514039.html. Retrieved 12 October 2007. Archived 26 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine
^ Gibson, Owen; Byrne, Ciar (24 September 2003). "Sun makes donation to charity after Bruno gaffe". The Guardian (London). http://media.guardian.co.uk/presspublishing/story/0,,1048615,00.html. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ Mitchell, Kevin (6 June 2004). "Totally Frank". The Observer (London). http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,6903,1229681,00.html. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ ^a ^b Wells, Matt (12 March 2003). "Sun editor admits paying police officers for stories". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,912442,00.html. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ Kiss, Jemima (13 November 2003). "Blunt: a cut above the rest". journalism.co.uk. http://www.journalism.co.uk/2/articles/5762.php. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ "Gloucestershire Officer Victorious In 10th Bravery Awards" (Press release). Police Federation of England and Wales. 14 July 2005. http://www.polfed.org/Region6.pdf. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ Brook, Stephen (26 August 2009). "Dominic Mohan named Sun editor". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/aug/26/sun-newsinternational. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
^ Robinson, James (11 April 2011). "Rebekah Brooks: I have no knowledge of actual payments to police". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/apr/11/rebekah-brooks. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
^ ^a ^b Newman, Cathy (10 September 2010). "Exclusive: MPs backed off over phone hacking probe". London: Channel 4 News/ITN. http://www.channel4.com/news/exclusive-mps-backed-off-over-phone-hacking-probe.
^ ^a ^b Watt, Nicholas (10 September 2010). "MPs backed down from calling Rebekah Brooks to Commons". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/sep/10/mps-backed-down-rebekah-brooks. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
^ "Former News of the World Editor Testifies to British Inquiry" (May 11, 2012) CSPAN - Includes complete video testimony
^ ^a ^b Sarah Lyall "Anger Rises Over Hack to Missing Girl's Voice Mail", The New York Times, 5 July 2011
^ Brooks, Rebekah (5 July 2011). "Milly Dowler phone hacking: the full text of Rebekah Brooks's email". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/jul/05/milly-dowler-phone-hacking-rebekah-brooks-email. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
^ Adam Gabbatt, et al. "Miliband says Brooks must consider her position over phone hacking", The Guardian, 5 July 2011
^ Ward, Victoria (8 July 2011). "News of the World closed down: newspaper staff direct fury at Rebekah Brooks". The Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/phone-hacking/8624611/News-of-the-World-closed-down-newspaper-staff-direct-fury-at-Rebekah-Brooks.html. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
^ "Andreas Whittam Smith: If we don't act now, worse will follow – Andreas Whittam Smith, Commentators". London: The Independent. 7 July 2011. http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/andreas-whittam-smith/andreas-whittam-smith-if-we-dont-act-now-worse-will-follow-2307923.html. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
^ Robert Mackey (15 July 2011). "Saudi Investor Suggested Brooks Had to Go". The New York Times. http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/15/saudi-investor-suggested-brooks-had-to-go/.
^ John F. Burns; Jeremy W. Peters (15 July 2011). "2 Top Deputies Resign as Crisis Isolates Murdoch". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/16/world/europe/16hacking.html.
^ Rebekah Brooks resigns New Statesman, 15 July 2011
^ Tim Walker (6 August 2011). "Phone hacking: 'Rupert Murdoch tells Rebekah Brooks to travel the world'". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8684463/Phone-hacking-Rupert-Murdoch-tells-Rebekah-Brooks-to-travel-the-world.html.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Editor free after Kemp 'assault'". BBC News. 3 November 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4403026.stm. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ Raf Sanchez "Phone hacking: Rebekah Brooks arrested", Daily Telegraph, 17 July 2011
^ ^a ^b "Rebekah Brooks arrested over phone hacking and corruption allegations". The Spy Report (Media Spy). 17 July 2011. http://www.mediaspy.org/report/2011/07/17/rebekah-brooks-arrested-over-phone-hacking-and-corruption-allegations/. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
^ Greene, Richard Allen (18 July 2011). "Rebekah Brooks arrested over UK phone hacking scandal". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/07/17/uk.phone.hacking/index.html. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
^ Dodd, Vikram (18 July 2011). "Rebekah Brooks's arrest intensifies phone-hacking crisis". London: guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/jul/17/rebekah-brooks-arrest-phone-hacking. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18062485
^ The News of the World, Rebekah Brooks, David Cameron, and 'the Chipping Norton set': the powerful clique's gilded life, by Glen Owen, Mail Online (Daily Mail web site), 10 July 2011.
^ Hanning, James; Bell, Matthew (10 July 2011). "Rebekah, Dave and the Chipping Norton Set: where power in Britain lies". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/rebekah-dave-and-the-chipping-norton-set-where-power-in-britain-lies-2309790.html. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
^ The Independent, 28 February 2012
^ Riddell, Mary (6 November 2005). "What does the Sun say now?". The Guardian (London). http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1635534,00.html. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ Allen, Nick (13 June 2008). "Gordon Brown's wife Sarah holds slumber party at Chequers". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/2121751/Gordon-Browns-wife-Sarah-holds-slumber-party-at-Chequers.html. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
^ Laville, Sandra; Dodd, Vikram; Wells, Matt (4 November 2005). "The editor, the actor, the (ex) cabinet minister and a night behind bars". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2005/nov/04/pressandpublishing.sun.
^ Sheppard, Fergus (4 November 2005). "Script too surreal even for EastEnders". The Scotsman. http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=2191552005. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ Street-Porter, Janet (29 April 2007). "Editor-At-Large: A cover-up: Hold the front page for Ross and Rebekah". The Independent (London). http://comment.independent.co.uk/columnists/janet_street_porter/article2494228.ece. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
^ Greenslade, Roy (5 June 2009). "Roy Greenslade: Tatler magazine reveals Rebekah Wade's wonderful world". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/greenslade/2009/jun/05/rebekahwade-sun. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
^ Duff, Oliver (24 June 2009). "The red-top redhead who became the first lady of Fleet Street – Press, Media". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/the-redtop-redhead-who-became-the-first-lady-of-fleet-street-1715971.html. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
^ Glover, Stephen (5 October 2009). "Stephen Glover: What are the chances for the country's first quality freesheet?". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/opinion/stephen-glover/stephen-glover-what-are-the-chances-for-the-countrys-first-quality-freesheet-1797664.html. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
^ Brooks and mystery of dumped bag – the Daily Mail, 19 July 2011
^ ^a ^b "Gay MP Chris Bryant claims NI boss Rebekah Brooks sneered at his sexuality". Pink News. http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2011/07/08/gay-mp-chris-bryant-claims-ni-boss-rebekah-brooks-sneered-at-his-sexuality/. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
^ Vanity Fair, "Untangling Rebekah Brooks", Suzanna Andrews, February 2012, No. 618

External links [link]

February 2012 Vanity Fair profile of Brooks
Rebekah Brooks collected news and commentary at The Guardian
Rebekah Brooks collected news and commentary at The New York Times

Media offices
Preceded by Phil Hall	Deputy Editor of the News of the World 1995–1998	Succeeded by Bob Bird
Preceded by Neil Wallis	Deputy Editor of The Sun 1998–2000	Succeeded by Fergus Shanahan
Preceded by Phil Hall	Editor of the News of the World 2000–2003	Succeeded by Andy Coulson

2011–2012 News Corporation scandal

Events

Companies and
organisations

News Corporation	News International (News of the World The Sun The Times The Sunday Times) News Limited

Other	BSkyB Culture, Media and Sport Committee Federal Bureau of Investigation Harbottle & Lewis Independent Police Complaints Commission Metropolitan Police Ofcom Press Complaints Commission Serious Fraud Office Solicitors Regulation Authority

People

Alleged victims	7/7 attack victims Leslie Ash Gordon Brown Lee Chapman Charlotte Church Steve Coogan Anne Diamond Milly Dowler Garry Flitcroft Sheryl Gascoigne Hugh Grant Andy Gray Tessa Jowell Gerry and Kate McCann Elle Macpherson Sienna Miller Sara Payne John Prescott J. K. Rowling

Metropolitan Police	Sue Akers Peter Clarke Andy Hayman Paul Stephenson John Yates

News Corporation	Rebekah Brooks Jonathan Chapman Daniel Cloke Andy Coulson Tom Crone Wendi Deng Murdoch James Desborough Viet Dinh Ian Edmondson Clive Goodman Baron Grabiner Simon Greenberg Les Hinton Sean Hoare Lawrence Jacobs Joel Klein Stuart Kuttner William Lewis Paul McMullan Greg Miskiw Tom Mockridge Glenn Mulcaire James Murdoch Rupert Murdoch Colin Myler Lucy Panton Jamie Pyatt Jonathan Rees Neville Thurlbeck Neil Wallis James Weatherup

Other	Nick Davies Lord Fowler Lord Justice Leveson Jay Rockefeller Paul Staines Tom Watson John Whittingdale

Investigations
and legal cases

United Kingdom	HM Advocate v Sheridan and Sheridan Leveson Inquiry Operation Elveden Operation Kalmyk Operation Tuleta Operation Weeting

Other	Australia United States

Other

Category
Wikinews

v t e Editors of The Sun, the Daily Herald and the News of the World

The Sun	1964: Sydney Jacobson · 1965: Dick Dinsdale · 1969: Larry Lamb · 1972: Bernard Shrimsley · 1975: Larry Lamb · 1981: Kelvin MacKenzie · 1994: Stuart Higgins · 1998: David Yelland · 2003: Rebekah Wade · 2009: Dominic Mohan

Daily Herald	1912: William H. Seed · 1912: Roland Kenney · 1913: Charles Lapworth · 1913: George Lansbury · 1922: W. P. Ryan · 1922: Hamilton Fyfe · 1926: William Mellor · 1931: W. H. Stevenson · 1936: Edward Francis Williams · 1940: Percy Cudlipp · 1953: Sydney Elliott · 1957: Douglas Machray · 1960: John Beaven · 1962: Sydney Jacobson

News of the World	1843: Henry Drake Breun · 1891: Emsley Carr · 1941: David Percy Davies · 1946: Robert Skelton · 1947: Arthur Waters · 1953: Reg Cudlipp · 1960: Stafford Somerfield · 1970: Cyril Lear · 1974: Peter Stephens · 1975: Bernard Shrimsley · 1980: Kenneth Donlan · 1981: Barry Askew · 1981: Derek Jameson · 1984: Nicholas Lloyd · 1985: David Montgomery · 1987: Wendy Henry · 1988: Patsy Chapman · 1993: Stuart Higgins · 1994: Piers Morgan · 1995: Phil Hall · 2000: Rebekah Wade · 2003: Andy Coulson · 2007: Colin Myler

Persondata
Name	Brooks, Rebekah
Alternative names	Wade, Rebekah
Short description	Journalist
Date of birth	1968-05-27
Place of birth	Warrington, Lancashire, England
Date of death
Place of death

http://wn.com/Rebekah_Brooks

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Mary Brooks
Born	(1907-11-01)November 1, 1907 Colby, Kansas, USA
Died	February 11, 2002(2002-02-11) (aged 94) Twin Falls, Idaho, USA
Nationality	American
Education	Mills College University of Idaho '29
Known for	Director of the U.S. Mint
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Art Peavey (widowed) Charles W. Brooks
Parents	John W. Thomas and Florence Thomas

Mary Elizabeth Thomas Peavey Brooks (November 1, 1907 - February 11, 2002) directed the United States Mint from September 1969 to February 1977.^[1]

Brooks was appointed by President Richard M. Nixon, the third woman named to the post. During her administration, she oversaw the initiation of the Eisenhower dollar coin, as well as the redesign of America’s quarter, half dollar and dollar coins for the country’s bicentennial.

She is also credited with saving the original San Francisco Mint building, known as the “Granite Lady,” by transferring it to the Treasury Department. The building, one of the few to survive the Great Earthquake of 1906, had been vacant since 1937 and fallen into disrepair. It is now both a National Historic Landmark and a California Historic Landmark. The city renovated it and located the Museum of the City of San Francisco in the building. Brooks received the “I Left My Heart In San Francisco” Award in 1974 from the San Francisco Convention and Visitors Bureau for her preservation efforts.

During Brooks' tenure as Director of the Mint, she famously led a tour of the United States Bullion Depository at Fort Knox, Kentucky for members of the United States Congress and the news media on September 23, 1974. This tour was, and to date still is the only time that the inside of the USBD has been seen by members of the public. ^[2]

In addition, Brooks was awarded the American Numismatic Association’s Medal of Merit in 1988, and was the first woman to receive the Alexander Hamilton Award, the U.S. Treasury Department's highest honor. She was inducted into the University of Idaho Alumni Association’s Hall of Fame in 1970. The university also conferred upon her an honorary doctorate in 1999.

Personal life [link]

Brooks was born to John and Florence Thomas on November 1, 1907, in Colby, Kansas. Her parents moved to Gooding, Idaho, when she was an infant. Her father, John W. Thomas, was appointed a U.S. Senator from Idaho twice (following the deaths of Gooding in 1928 and Borah in 1940).

After graduating from high school in 1925, she attended Mills College in Oakland, California, for two years before receiving her bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Idaho in 1929.

Brooks took over her father’s Idaho sheep ranch after his death in 1945 and ran it until her son took it over in 1961. He said "She was just as much at home with rancher as she was with presidents." Her Idaho license plate read "MTN MARY."

The 1941 death of her first husband, Art Peavey, left her a widower. Her second husband, C. Wayland "Curly" Brooks, was a U.S. Senator from Illinois. They were married in 1945; he died a dozen years later in 1957.

She served in the Idaho State Senate from 1963 to 1969, when she was named to head the U.S. Mint. Her son, John Peavey, was appointed to her seat in the state senate and served for all but two of the next 25 years. (He lost the Republican primary in 1976, then won the seat back as a Democrat in 1978.) A failed attempt at lieutenant governor in 1994 marked the end of his political career.

Mary Brooks died in 2002 at age 94 in Twin Falls. She was survived by a son, John Peavey, of Carey, and a daughter, Elizabeth Ann "Betty" Eccles, of McCall, and six grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.

References [link]

^ "IN MEMORIAM: FORMER MINT DIRECTOR MARY BROOKS". http://www.usmint.gov/pressroom/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=press_release&ID=285. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
^ "Gold all there when Ft. Knox opened doors". Numismatic News. http://www.numismaticnews.net/article/Gold_all_there_when_Ft_Knox_opened_doors. Retrieved May 10, 2011.

External links [link]

Biography portal

Coin World.com - photo of Mary Brooks
Coin World.com - obituary - Mary Brooks
Money.org - American Nuismatic Association - obituary - Mary Brooks
US Mint.gov - list of U.S. Mint directors

Government offices
Preceded by Eva Adams	31st Director of the United States Mint 1969-77	Succeeded by Stella Hackel Sims

v t e Directors of the United States Mint

Rittenhouse de Saussure Boudinot R. Patterson Moore R. M. Patterson Eckert Pettit Snowden Pollock Millward Linderman Pollock Linderman Burchard Kimball Leech Preston Roberts Leach Andrew Roberts Woolley von Engelken Baker Scobey Grant Ross Brett Adams Brooks Hackel Sims Pope Ryder Diehl Johnson Fore Moy

Persondata
Name	Brooks, Mary
Alternative names
Short description	American politician
Date of birth	November 1, 1907
Place of birth	Colby, Kansas, USA
Date of death	February 11, 2002
Place of death	Twin Falls, Idaho, USA

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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This article is about the British Prime Minister. For other uses, see David Cameron (disambiguation).

The Right Honourable David Cameron MP

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Incumbent
Assumed office 11 May 2010
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Deputy	Nick Clegg
Preceded by	Gordon Brown
Leader of the Opposition
In office 6 December 2005 – 11 May 2010
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Prime Minister	Tony Blair Gordon Brown
Preceded by	Michael Howard
Succeeded by	Harriet Harman
Leader of the Conservative Party
Incumbent
Assumed office 6 December 2005
Preceded by	Michael Howard
Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Skills
In office 6 May 2005 – 6 December 2005
Leader	Michael Howard
Preceded by	Tim Yeo
Succeeded by	David Willetts
Member of Parliament for Witney
Incumbent
Assumed office 7 June 2001
Preceded by	Shaun Woodward
Majority	22,740 (39.4%)
Personal details
Born	David William Donald Cameron (1966-10-09) 9 October 1966 (age 45) London, England
Political party	Conservative
Spouse(s)	Samantha Sheffield (1996–present)
Children	Ivan Reginald Ian (Deceased) Nancy Gwen Arthur Elwen Florence Rose Endellion
Residence	10 Downing Street
Alma mater	Brasenose College, Oxford
Religion	Church of England (Anglican)
Website	Party website

David William Donald Cameron (pronunciation: /ˈkæmərən/; born 9 October 1966) is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service and Leader of the Conservative Party. He represents Witney as its Member of Parliament (MP).^[1]

Cameron studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) at Oxford, gaining a first class honours degree. He then joined the Conservative Research Department and became Special Adviser to Norman Lamont, and then to Michael Howard. He was Director of Corporate Affairs at Carlton Communications for seven years.

He was defeated in his first candidacy for Parliament at Stafford in 1997, but was elected in 2001 as the Member of Parliament for the Oxfordshire constituency of Witney. He was promoted to the Opposition front bench two years later, and rose rapidly to become head of policy co-ordination during the 2005 general election campaign. With a public image of a youthful, moderate candidate who would appeal to young voters, he won the Conservative leadership election in 2005.^[2]

In the 2010 general election held on 6 May, the Conservatives won 307 seats in a hung parliament. After five days of intense negotiations, Cameron formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats. The 43-year-old Cameron became the youngest British Prime Minister since the Earl of Liverpool 198 years earlier.^[3] Cameron leads the first coalition government of the United Kingdom since the Second World War.

1 Family
2 Education
3 Early political career
4 Leadership of the Conservative Party
5 Prime Minister
6 Policies and views
7 Political commentary
8 Standing in opinion polls
9 Personal life
- 9.1 Cycling
- 9.2 Faith
10 Styles
11 Ancestry
12 See also
13 References
14 Further reading
15 External links

Family [link]

David Cameron is the younger son of stockbroker Ian Donald Cameron (12 October 1932 – 8 September 2010)^[4] and his wife Mary Fleur (née Mount, born 1934,^[5] a retired Justice of the Peace, daughter of Sir William Mount, 2nd Baronet).^[6] His father, Ian, was born with both legs deformed and underwent repeated operations to correct them. Cameron's parents were married on 20 October 1962.^[5] He was born in London, and brought up in Peasemore, Berkshire.^[7] Cameron has a brother, Allan Alexander (born 1963, a barrister and QC)^[8] and two sisters, Tania Rachel (born 1965) and Clare Louise (born 1971).^[5]^[9] His father was born at Blairmore House, a country house near Huntly, Aberdeenshire, and died near Toulon in France on 8 September 2010.^[10] Blairmore was built by his great-great-grandfather, Alexander Geddes,^[11] who had made a fortune in the grain trade in Chicago, and returned to Scotland in the 1880s.^[12]

King William IV, one of Cameron's ancestors

Through his paternal grandmother, Enid Agnes Maud Levita, Cameron is a direct descendant of King William IV by his mistress Dorothea Jordan. This illegitimate line consists of five generations of women starting with Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll, née FitzClarence, William and Jordan's sixth child,^[13] through to Cameron's grandmother (thereby making Cameron a 5th cousin of Queen Elizabeth II).^[14] Cameron's paternal forebears also have a long history in finance. His father Ian was senior partner of the stockbrokers Panmure Gordon, in which firm partnerships had long been held by Cameron's ancestors, including David's grandfather and great-grandfather,^[9] and was a Director of estate agent John D. Wood. David Cameron's great-great grandfather Emile Levita, a German-Jewish financier (and descendant of Renaissance scholar Elia Levita) who obtained British citizenship in 1871, was the director of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China which became Standard Chartered Bank in 1969.^[14] His wife, Cameron's great-great grandmother, was a descendant of the wealthy Danish Jewish Rée family on her father's side.^[15]^[16] One of Emile's sons, Arthur Francis Levita (died 1910, brother of Sir Cecil Levita),^[17] of Panmure Gordon stockbrokers, together with great-great-grandfather Sir Ewen Cameron,^[18] London head of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, played key roles in arranging loans supplied by the Rothschilds to the Japanese Central Banker (later Prime Minister) Takahashi Korekiyo for the financing of the Japanese Government in the Russo-Japanese war.^[19]

Cameron's maternal grandfather was Sir William Mount, 2nd Baronet, an Army officer and the High Sheriff of Berkshire, and Cameron's maternal great-grandfather was Sir William Mount, 1st Baronet, CBE, Conservative MP for Newbury 1918–1922. Cameron's great-great grandmother was Lady Ida Matilda Alice Feilding. His great-great-great grandfather was William Feilding, 7th Earl of Denbigh, GCH, PC, a courtier and Gentleman of the Bedchamber.^[20] His mother's cousin, Sir Ferdinand Mount, was head of 10 Downing Street's Policy Unit in the early 1980s. Cameron is the nephew of Sir William Dugdale, brother-in-law of Katherine, Lady Dugdale (died 2004) Lady-in-Waiting to HM The Queen since 1955,^[21]^[22] and former Chairman of Aston Villa Football Club. Birmingham born documentary film-maker Joshua Dugdale is his cousin.^[23]

Education [link]

Eton College chapel.

From the age of seven, Cameron was educated at two independent schools: at Heatherdown Preparatory School at Winkfield, in Berkshire, which counts Prince Andrew and Prince Edward among its alumni. Due to good academic grades, Cameron entered its top academic class almost two years early.^[24] At the age of thirteen, he went to Eton College in Berkshire, following his father and elder brother.^[25] Eton is often described as the most famous independent school in the world,^[26] and "the chief nurse of England's statesmen".^[27] His early interest was in art. Cameron was in trouble as a teenager, six weeks before taking his O-Levels, when he was named as having smoked cannabis.^[2] He admitted the offence and had not been involved in selling drugs, so he was not expelled, but was fined, prevented from leaving school grounds, and given a "Georgic" (a punishment which involved copying 500 lines of Latin text).^[28]

Cameron passed 12 O-levels, and then studied three A-Levels in History of Art, History and Economics with Politics. He obtained three 'A' grades and a '1' grade in the Scholarship Level exam in Economics and Politics.^[29] The following autumn he passed the entrance exam for Oxford University, where he was offered an exhibition.^[30]

After leaving Eton in 1984,^[31] Cameron started a nine month gap year. He worked as a researcher for Tim Rathbone, Conservative MP for Lewes and his godfather. In his three months he attended debates in the House of Commons.^[32] Through his father, he was then employed for a further three months in Hong Kong by Jardine Matheson as a 'ship jumper', an administrative post.^[33]

Returning from Hong Kong he visited the then Soviet Union, where he was approached by two Russian men speaking fluent English. Cameron was later told by one of his professors that it was 'definitely an attempt' by the KGB to recruit him.^[34]

Cameron then began his Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE) at Brasenose College, Oxford.^[35] His tutor, Professor Vernon Bogdanor, described him as "one of the ablest"^[36] students he has taught, with "moderate and sensible Conservative" political views.^[9] Guy Spier, who shared tutorials with him, remembers him as an outstanding student; "We were doing our best to grasp basic economic concepts. David - there was nobody else who came even close. He would be integrating them with the way the British political system is put together. He could have lectured me on it, and I would have sat there and taken notes.."^[37] When commenting in 2006 on his former pupil's ideas about a "Bill of Rights" to replace the Human Rights Act, however, Professor Bogdanor, himself a Liberal Democrat, said, "I think he is very confused. I've read his speech and it's filled with contradictions. There are one or two good things in it but one glimpses them, as it were, through a mist of misunderstanding".^[38]

While at Oxford, Cameron was a member of the elite student dining society the Bullingdon Club, which has a reputation for an outlandish drinking culture associated with boisterous behaviour and damaging property.^[39] A photograph showing Cameron in a tailcoat with other members of the club, including Boris Johnson, surfaced in 2007, but was later withdrawn by the copyright holder.^[40] Cameron's period in the Bullingdon Club is examined in the Channel 4 docu-drama When Boris Met Dave broadcast on 7 October 2009.^[41] Cameron graduated in 1988 with a first class honours degree.^[42]

Early political career [link]

Conservative Research Department [link]

After graduation, Cameron worked for the Conservative Research Department between September 1988^[43] and 1993. A feature on Cameron in The Mail on Sunday on 18 March 2007 reported that on the day he was due to attend a job interview at Conservative Central Office, a phone call was received from Buckingham Palace. The male caller stated, "I understand you are to see David Cameron. I've tried everything I can to dissuade him from wasting his time on politics but I have failed. I am ringing to tell you that you are about to meet a truly remarkable young man."^[44]

In 1991, Cameron was seconded to Downing Street to work on briefing John Major for his then bi-weekly session of Prime Minister's Questions. One newspaper gave Cameron the credit for "sharper [...] despatch box performances" by Major,^[45] which included highlighting for Major "a dreadful piece of doublespeak" by Tony Blair (then the Labour Employment spokesman) over the effect of a national minimum wage.^[46] He became head of the political section of the Conservative Research Department, and in August 1991 was tipped to follow Judith Chaplin as Political Secretary to the Prime Minister.^[47]

However, Cameron lost to Jonathan Hill, who was appointed in March 1992. He was given the responsibility for briefing Major for his press conferences during the 1992 general election.^[48] During the campaign, Cameron was one of the young "brat pack" of party strategists who worked between 12 and 20 hours a day, sleeping in the house of Alan Duncan in Gayfere Street, Westminster, which had been Major's campaign headquarters during his bid for the Conservative leadership.^[49] Cameron headed the economic section; it was while working on this campaign that Cameron first worked closely with Steve Hilton, who was later to become Director of Strategy during his party leadership.^[50] The strain of getting up at 4:45 am every day was reported to have led Cameron to decide to leave politics in favour of journalism.^[51]

Special Adviser [link]

The Conservatives' unexpected success in the 1992 election led Cameron to hit back at older party members who had criticised him and his colleagues, saying "whatever people say about us, we got the campaign right," and that they had listened to their campaign workers on the ground rather than the newspapers. He revealed he had led other members of the team across Smith Square to jeer at Transport House, the former Labour headquarters.^[52] Cameron was rewarded with a promotion to Special Adviser to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Norman Lamont.^[53]

Cameron was working for Lamont at the time of Black Wednesday, when pressure from currency speculators forced the Pound sterling out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. At the 1992 Conservative Party conference, Cameron had difficulty trying to arrange to brief the speakers in the economic debate, having to resort to putting messages on the internal television system imploring the mover of the motion, Patricia Morris, to contact him.^[54] Later that month Cameron joined a delegation of Special Advisers who visited Germany to build better relations with the Christian Democratic Union; he was reported to be "still smarting" over the Bundesbank's contribution to the economic crisis.^[55]

Lamont fell out with John Major after Black Wednesday and became highly unpopular with the public. Taxes needed to be raised in the 1993 Budget, and Cameron fed the options Lamont was considering through to Conservative Central Office for their political acceptability to be assessed.^[56] However, Lamont's unpopularity did not necessarily affect Cameron: he was considered as a potential "kamikaze" candidate for the Newbury By-election, which includes the area where he grew up.^[57] However, Cameron decided not to stand.

During the by-election, Lamont gave the response "Je ne regrette rien" to a question about whether he most regretted claiming to see "the green shoots of recovery" or admitted "singing in his bath" with happiness at leaving the ERM. Cameron was identified by one journalist as having inspired this gaffe; it was speculated that the heavy Conservative defeat in Newbury may have cost Cameron his chance of becoming Chancellor himself, even though as he was not a Member of Parliament he could not have been.^[58] Lamont was sacked at the end of May 1993, and decided not to write the usual letter of resignation; Cameron was given the responsibility to issue to the press a statement of self-justification.^[59]

Home Office [link]

The Home Office building Cameron worked at during the 1990s

After Lamont was sacked, Cameron remained at the Treasury for less than a month before being specifically recruited by Home Secretary Michael Howard; it was commented that he was still "very much in favour".^[60] It was later reported that many at the Treasury would have preferred Cameron to carry on.^[61] At the beginning of September 1993, Cameron applied to go on Conservative Central Office's list of Prospective Parliamentary Candidates.^[62]

According to Derek Lewis, then Director-General of Her Majesty's Prison Service, Cameron showed him a "his and hers list" of proposals made by Howard and his wife, Sandra. Lewis said that Sandra Howard's list included reducing the quality of prison food, although Sandra Howard denied this claim. Lewis reported that Cameron was "uncomfortable" about the list.^[63] In defending Sandra Howard and insisting that she made no such proposal, the journalist Bruce Anderson wrote that Cameron had proposed a much shorter definition on prison catering which revolved around the phrase "balanced diet", and that Lewis had written thanking Cameron for a valuable contribution.^[64]

During his work for Howard, Cameron often briefed the media. In March 1994, someone leaked to the Press that the Labour Party had called for a meeting with John Major to discuss a consensus on the Prevention of Terrorism Act. After an enquiry failed to find the source of the leak, Labour MP Peter Mandelson demanded assurance from Howard that Cameron had not been responsible, which Howard gave.^[65]^[66] A senior Home Office Civil Servant noted the influence of Howard's Special Advisers saying previous incumbents "would listen to the evidence before making a decision. Howard just talks to young public school gentlemen from the party headquarters."^[67]

Carlton [link]

In July 1994, Cameron left his role as Special Adviser to work as the Director of Corporate Affairs at Carlton Communications.^[68] Carlton, which had won the ITV franchise for London weekdays in 1991, was a growing media company which also had film distribution and video producing arms. In 1997 Cameron played up the Company's prospects for digital terrestrial television, for which it joined with Granada television and BSkyB to form British Digital Broadcasting.^[69] In a roundtable discussion on the future of broadcasting in 1998 he criticised the effect of overlapping different regulators on the industry.^[70]

Carlton's consortium did win the digital terrestrial franchise but the resulting company suffered difficulties in attracting subscribers. In 1999 the Express on Sunday newspaper claimed Cameron had rubbished one of its stories which had given an accurate number of subscribers, because he wanted the number to appear higher than expected.^[71] Cameron resigned as Director of Corporate Affairs in February 2001 in order to fight for election to Parliament, although he remained on the payroll as a consultant.^[72]

Parliamentary candidacy [link]

Stafford, the constituency Cameron contested in 1997

Having been approved for the Candidates' list, Cameron began looking for a seat. He was reported to have missed out on selection for Ashford in December 1994 after failing to get to the selection meeting as a result of train delays.^[73] Early in 1996, he was selected for Stafford, a new constituency created by boundary changes, which was projected to have a Conservative majority.^[74] At the 1996 Conservative Party Conference he called for tax cuts in the forthcoming Budget to be targeted at the low paid and to "small businesses where people took money out of their own pockets to put into companies to keep them going".^[75] He also said the Party, "Should be proud of the Tory tax record but that people needed reminding of its achievements ... It's time to return to our tax cutting agenda. The socialist Prime Ministers of Europe have endorsed Tony Blair because they want a federal pussy cat and not a British lion."^[76]

When writing his election address, Cameron made his own opposition to British membership of the single European currency clear, pledging not to support it. This was a break with official Conservative policy but about 200 other candidates were making similar declarations.^[77] Otherwise, Cameron kept very closely to the national party line. He also campaigned using the claim that a Labour Government would increase the cost of a pint of beer by 24p; however the Labour candidate David Kidney portrayed Cameron as "a right-wing Tory". Stafford had a swing almost the same as the national swing, which made it one of the many seats to fall to Labour: David Kidney had a majority of 4,314.^[78]^[79]

In the round of selection contests taking place in the run-up to the 2001 general election, Cameron again attempted to be selected for a winnable seat. He tried out for the Kensington and Chelsea seat after the death of Alan Clark,^[80] but did not make the shortlist.

He was in the final two but narrowly lost at Wealden in March 2000,^[81] a loss ascribed by Samantha Cameron to his lack of spontaneity when speaking.^[82]

On 4 April 2000 Cameron was selected as prospective candidate (PPC) for Witney in Oxfordshire. This had been a safe Conservative seat but its sitting MP Shaun Woodward (who had worked with Cameron on the 1992 election campaign) had "crossed the floor" to join the Labour Party; newspapers claimed Cameron and Woodward had "loathed each other",^[83] although Cameron's biographers Francis Elliott and James Hanning describe them as being "on fairly friendly terms".^[84] Cameron put a great deal of effort into "nursing" his potential constituency, turning up at social functions, and attacking Woodward for changing his mind on fox hunting to support a ban.^[85]

During the election campaign, Cameron accepted the offer of writing a regular column for The Guardian's online section.^[86] He won the seat with a 1.9% swing to the Conservatives and a majority of 7,973.^[87]^[88]

Member of Parliament [link]

Upon his election to Parliament, he served as a member of the Commons Home Affairs Select Committee, a prominent appointment for a newly elected MP. Cameron's proposed that the Committee launch an inquiry into the law on drugs,^[89] and urged the consideration of "radical options".^[90] The report recommended a downgrading of Ecstasy from Class A to Class B, as well as moves towards a policy of 'harm reduction', which Cameron defended.^[91]

Cameron determinedly attempted to increase his public profile, offering quotations on matters of public controversy. He opposed the payment of compensation to Gurbux Singh, who had resigned as head of the Commission for Racial Equality after a confrontation with the police;^[92] and commented that the Home Affairs Select Committee had taken a long time to discuss whether the phrase "black market" should be used.^[93] However, he was passed over for a front bench promotion in July 2002; Conservative leader Iain Duncan Smith did invite Cameron and his ally George Osborne to coach him on Prime Minister's Questions in November 2002. The next week, Cameron deliberately abstained in a vote on allowing same-sex and unmarried couples to adopt children jointly, against a whip to oppose; his abstention was noted.^[94] The wide scale of abstentions and rebellious votes destabilised the Iain Duncan Smith leadership.

In June 2003, Cameron was appointed as a shadow minister in the Privy Council Office as a deputy to Eric Forth, who was then Shadow Leader of the House. He also became a vice-chairman of the Conservative Party when Michael Howard took over the leadership in November of that year. He was appointed as the Opposition frontbench local government spokesman in 2004, before being promoted into the shadow cabinet that June as head of policy co-ordination. Later, he became Shadow Education Secretary in the post-election reshuffle.^[95]

From February 2002^[96] until August 2005 he was a non-executive director of Urbium PLC, operator of the Tiger Tiger bar chain.^[97]

Leadership of the Conservative Party [link]

David Cameron campaigning for the 2006 local elections in Newcastle upon Tyne

Leadership election [link]

Main article: Conservative Party (UK) leadership election, 2005

Following the Labour victory in the May 2005 general election, Michael Howard announced his resignation as leader of the Conservative Party and set a lengthy timetable for the leadership election. Cameron announced formally that he would be a candidate for the position on 29 September 2005. Parliamentary colleagues supporting him initially included Boris Johnson, Shadow Chancellor George Osborne, then Shadow Defence Secretary and deputy leader of the party Michael Ancram, Oliver Letwin^[98] and former party leader William Hague.^[99] Despite this, his campaign did not gain significant support prior to the 2005 Conservative Party Conference. However his speech, delivered without notes, proved a significant turning point. In the speech he vowed to make people, "feel good about being Conservatives again" and said he wanted, "to switch on a whole new generation."^[100]

In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Cameron came second, with 56 votes, slightly more than expected; David Davis had fewer than predicted at 62 votes; Liam Fox came third with 42 votes and Kenneth Clarke was eliminated with 38 votes. In the second ballot on 20 October 2005, Cameron came first with 90 votes; David Davis was second, with 57, and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 votes.^[101] All 198 Conservative MPs voted in both ballots.

The next stage of the election process, between Davis and Cameron, was a vote open to the entire Conservative party membership. Cameron was elected with more than twice as many votes as Davis and more than half of all ballots issued; Cameron won 134,446 votes on a 78% turnout, beating Davis's 64,398 votes.^[102] Although Davis had initially been the favourite, it was widely acknowledged that Davis's candidacy was marred by a disappointing conference speech, whilst Cameron's was well received. Cameron's election as the Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition was announced on 6 December 2005. As is customary for an Opposition leader not already a member, upon election Cameron became a member of the Privy Council, being formally approved to join on 14 December 2005, and sworn of the Council on 8 March 2006.^[103]

Cameron's appearance on the cover of Time in September 2008 was said by the Daily Mail to present him to the world as 'Prime Minister in waiting'.^[104]

Reaction to Cameron as leader [link]

Cameron being interviewed at the headquarters of Oxfam in 2006.

Cameron's relative youth and inexperience before becoming leader have invited satirical comparison with Tony Blair. Private Eye soon published a picture of both leaders on their front cover, with the caption "World's first face transplant a success".^[105] On the left, New Statesman has unfavourably likened his "new style of politics" to Tony Blair's early leadership years.^[106] Cameron is accused of paying excessive attention to image, with ITV News broadcasting footage from the 2006 Conservative Party Conference in Bournemouth which showed him wearing four different sets of clothes within the space of a few hours.^[107] Cameron was characterised in a Labour Party political broadcast as "Dave the Chameleon", who would change what he said to match the expectations of his audience. Cameron later claimed that the broadcast had become his daughter's "favourite video".^[108] He has also been described by comedy writer and broadcaster Charlie Brooker as being "like a hollow Easter egg with no bag of sweets inside" in his Guardian column.^[109]

On the right, Norman Tebbit, former Chairman of the Conservative Party, has likened Cameron to Pol Pot, "intent on purging even the memory of Thatcherism before building a New Modern Compassionate Green Globally Aware Party".^[110] Quentin Davies MP, who defected from the Conservatives to Labour on 26 June 2007, branded him "superficial, unreliable and [with] an apparent lack of any clear convictions" and stated that David Cameron had turned the Conservative Party's mission into a "PR agenda".^[111] Traditionalist conservative columnist and author Peter Hitchens has written that, "Mr Cameron has abandoned the last significant difference between his party and the established left", by embracing social liberalism^[112] and has dubbed the party under his leadership "Blue Labour", a pun on New Labour.^[113] Cameron responded by calling Hitchens a "maniac".^[114] Daily Telegraph correspondent and blogger Gerald Warner has been particularly scathing about Cameron's leadership, arguing that it is alienating traditionalist conservative elements from the Conservative Party.^[115]

Cameron is reported to be known to friends and family as "Dave", though he invariably uses "David'" in public.^[116] Critics often refer to him as "Call me Dave", implying populism in the same way as "Call me Tony" was used in 1997.^[117] The Times columnist Daniel Finkelstein has condemned those who attempt to belittle Cameron by calling him 'Dave'.^[118]

Shadow Cabinet appointments [link]

Cameron speaking at the Home Office, on 13 May 2010.

His Shadow Cabinet appointments have included MPs associated with the various wings of the party. Former leader William Hague was appointed to the Foreign Affairs brief, while both George Osborne and David Davis were retained, as Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer and Shadow Home Secretary respectively. Hague, assisted by Davis, stood in for Cameron during his paternity leave in February 2006.^[119] In June 2008 Davis announced his intention to resign as an MP, and was immediately replaced as Shadow Home Secretary by Dominic Grieve, the surprise move seen as a challenge to the changes introduced under Cameron's leadership.^[120]

David Cameron with Theresa May, who was a member of the Shadow Cabinet from 1999 until 2010.

In January 2009 a reshuffle of the Shadow Cabinet was undertaken. The chief change was the appointment of former Chancellor of the Exchequer Kenneth Clarke as Shadow Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Secretary, David Cameron stating that "With Ken Clarke's arrival, we now have the best economic team." The reshuffle saw eight other changes made.^[121]

European Conservatives and Reformists [link]

During his successful campaign to be elected Leader of the Conservative Party, Cameron pledged that the Conservative Party's Members of the European Parliament would leave the European People's Party group, which had a "federalist" approach to the European Union.^[122] Once elected Cameron began discussions with right-wing and eurosceptic parties in other European countries, mainly in eastern Europe, and in July 2006 he concluded an agreement to form the Movement for European Reform with the Czech Civic Democratic Party, leading to the formation of a new European Parliament group, the European Conservatives and Reformists, in 2009 after the European Parliament elections.^[123] Cameron attended a gathering at Warsaw's Palladium cinema celebrating the foundation of the alliance.^[124]

In forming the caucus, which had 54 MEPs drawn from eight of the 27 EU member states, Cameron reportedly broke with two decades of Conservative cooperation with the centre-right Christian Democrats, the European People's Party (EPP),^[125] on the grounds that they are dominated by European federalists and supporters of the Lisbon treaty.^[125] EPP leader Wilfried Martens, former prime minister of Belgium, has stated "Cameron's campaign has been to take his party back to the centre in every policy area with one major exception: Europe. ... I can't understand his tactics. Merkel and Sarkozy will never accept his Euroscepticism."^[125] The left-wing New Statesman magazine reported that the US administration had "concerns about Cameron among top members of the team" and quoted David Rothkopf in saying that the issue "makes Cameron an even more dubious choice to be Britain's next prime minister than he was before and, should he attain that post, someone about whom the Obama administration ought to be very cautious."^[126]

Shortlists for Parliamentary Candidates [link]

Similarly, Cameron's initial "A-List" of prospective parliamentary candidates has been attacked by members of his party,^[127] with the policy now having been discontinued in favour of gender balanced final shortlists. These have been criticised by senior Conservative MP and Prisons Spokeswoman Ann Widdecombe as an "insult to women", Widdecombe accusing Cameron of "storing up huge problems for the future."^[128]^[129] The plans have since led to conflict in a number of constituencies, including the widely reported resignation of Joanne Cash, a close friend of Cameron, as candidate in the constituency of Westminster North following a dispute described as "a battle for the soul of the Tory Party".^[129]

2010 general election [link]

Main article: United Kingdom general election, 2010

The Conservatives had last won a general election in 1992. The general election of 2010 resulted in the Conservatives, led by Cameron, winning the largest number of seats (306). This was, however, 20 seats short of an overall majority and resulted in the nation's first hung parliament since February 1974.^[130] Talks between Cameron and Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg led to an agreed Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition.

Prime Minister [link]

Main article: Premiership of David Cameron

Cameron with Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Nick Clegg, and Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, Chris Huhne.

Cameron, and the President of the United States, Barack Obama, during the 2010 G-20 Toronto summit.

On 11 May 2010, following the resignation of Gordon Brown as Prime Minister and on his recommendation, Queen Elizabeth II invited Cameron to form a government.^[131] At age 43, Cameron became the youngest British Prime Minister since Lord Liverpool, who was appointed in 1812.^[3] In his first address outside 10 Downing Street, he announced his intention to form a coalition government, the first since the Second World War, with the Liberal Democrats.

Cameron outlined how he intended to "put aside party differences and work hard for the common good and for the national interest."^[3] As one of his first moves Cameron appointed Nick Clegg, the leader of the Liberal Democrats, as Deputy Prime Minister on 11 May 2010.^[131] Between them, the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats control 363 seats in the House of Commons, with a majority of 76 seats.^[132] On 2 June 2010, when Cameron took his first session of Prime Minister's Questions (PMQs) as Prime Minister, he began by offering his support and condolences to those affected by the shootings in Cumbria.^[133]

On 5 February 2011, Cameron criticised the failure of 'state multiculturalism', in his first speech as PM on radicalisation and the causes of terrorism.^[134]

Policies and views [link]

Main article: Political positions of David Cameron

Self-description of views [link]

Cameron describes himself as a "modern compassionate conservative" and has spoken of a need for a new style of politics, saying that he was "fed up with the Punch and Judy politics of Westminster".^[135] He has stated that he is "certainly a big Thatcher fan, but I don't know whether that makes me a Thatcherite."^[136] He has also claimed to be a "liberal Conservative", and "not a deeply ideological person."^[137] As Leader of the Opposition, Cameron stated that he did not intend to oppose the government as a matter of course, and would offer his support in areas of agreement. He has urged politicians to concentrate more on improving people's happiness and "general well-being", instead of focusing solely on "financial wealth".^[138] There have been claims that he described himself to journalists at a dinner during the leadership contest as the "heir to Blair".^[139] He believes that British Muslims have a duty to integrate into British culture, but notes that they find aspects such as high divorce rates and drug use uninspiring, and that "Not for the first time, I found myself thinking that it is mainstream Britain which needs to integrate more with the British Asian way of life, not the other way around."^[140]

Daniel Finkelstein has said of the period leading up to Cameron's election as leader of the Conservative party that "a small group of us (myself, David Cameron, George Osborne, Michael Gove, Nick Boles, Nick Herbert I think, once or twice) used to meet up in the offices of Policy Exchange, eat pizza, and consider the future of the Conservative Party".^[141]

Cameron co-operated with Dylan Jones, giving him interviews and access, to enable him to produce the book Cameron on Cameron.^[142]

Cameron favours legalising same-sex marriage.^[143]

Parliamentary votes [link]

During November 2001, Cameron voted to modify legislation allowing people detained at a police station to be fingerprinted and searched for an identifying birthmark to be applicable only in connection with a terrorism investigation.^[144] In March 2002, he voted against banning the hunting of wild mammals with dogs,^[145] being an occasional hunter himself.^[146] In April 2003, he voted against the introduction of a bill to ban smoking in restaurants.^[147] In June 2003, he voted against NHS Foundation Trusts.^[148] Also in 2003, he voted to keep the controversial Section 28 clause.^[149]

In March 2003, he voted against a motion that the case had not yet been made for the Iraq War,^[150] and then supported using "all means necessary to ensure the disarmament of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction".^[151] In October 2003, however, he voted in favour of setting up a judicial inquiry into the Iraq War.^[152] In October 2004, he voted in favour of the Civil Partnership Bill.^[153] In February 2005, he voted in favour of changing the text in the Prevention of Terrorism Bill from "The Secretary of State may make a control order against an individual" to "The Secretary of State may apply to the court for a control order ..."^[154] In October 2005, he voted against the Identity Cards Bill.^[155]

Criticism of other parties and politicians [link]

Cameron criticised Gordon Brown (when Brown was Chancellor of the Exchequer) for being "an analogue politician in a digital age" and referred to him as "the roadblock to reform".^[156] He has also said that John Prescott "clearly looks a fool" in light of allegations of ministerial misconduct.^[157] During a speech to the Ethnic Media Conference on 29 November 2006, Cameron also described Ken Livingstone, the Mayor of London, as an "ageing far left politician" in reference to Livingstone's views on multiculturalism.^[158]

Since becoming prime minister, he has reacted to press reports that Brown could be the next head of the International Monetary Fund by hinting that he may block Brown from being appointed to the role, citing the huge national debt that Brown left the country with as a reason for Brown not being suitable for the role.^[159]

Cameron has accused the United Kingdom Independence Party of being "fruitcakes, loonies and closet racists, mostly,"^[160] leading UKIP leader Nigel Farage to demand an apology for the remarks. Right-wing Conservative MP Bob Spink, who later defected to UKIP, also criticised the remarks,^[161] as did the Daily Telegraph.^[162]

Cameron was seen encouraging Conservative MPs to join the standing ovation given to Tony Blair at the end of his last Prime Minister's Question Time; he had paid tribute to the "huge efforts" Blair had made and said Blair had "considerable achievements to his credit, whether it is peace in Northern Ireland or his work in the developing world, which will endure".^[163]

In 2006, Cameron made a speech in which he described extremist Islamic organisations and the British National Party as "mirror images" to each other, both preaching "creeds of pure hatred".^[164] Cameron is listed as being a supporter of Unite Against Fascism.^[165]

Cameron, in late 2009, urged the Lib Dems to join the Conservatives in a new "national movement" arguing there was "barely a cigarette paper" between them on a large number of issues. The invitation was rejected by the Liberal Democrat leader, Nick Clegg, who attacked Cameron at the start of his party's annual conference in Bournemouth, saying that the Conservatives were totally different from his party and that the Lib Dems were the true "progressives" in UK politics.^[166]

Political commentary [link]

Allegations of social elitism [link]

Cameron speaking at a Conservative reception in 2008.

While Leader of the Conservative Party, Cameron has been accused of reliance on "old-boy networks"^[167] and attacked by his party for the imposition of selective shortlists of prospective parliamentary candidates.^[127]

The Guardian has accused Cameron of relying on "the most prestigious of old-boy networks in his attempt to return the Tories to power", pointing out that three members of his shadow cabinet and 15 members of his front bench team were "Old Etonians".^[167] Similarly, The Sunday Times has commented that "David Cameron has more Etonians around him than any leader since Macmillan" and asked whether he can "represent Britain from such a narrow base."^[168] Former Labour cabinet minister Hazel Blears has said of Cameron, "You have to wonder about a man who surrounds himself with so many people who went to the same school. I'm pretty sure I don't want 21st-century Britain run by people who went to just one school."^[169]

Some supporters of the party have accused Cameron's government for cronyism on the front benches, with Sir Tom Cowie, working-class founder of Arriva and former Conservative donor, ceasing his donations in August 2007 due to disillusionment with Cameron's leadership, saying, "the Tory party seems to be run now by Old Etonians and they don't seem to understand how other people live." In reply, Shadow Foreign Secretary William Hague said when a party was changing, "there will always be people who are uncomfortable with that process".^[170]

Cameron speaking in 2010.

In a response to Cameron at Prime Minister's Questions in December 2009, Gordon Brown addressed the Conservative Party's inheritance tax policy, saying it "seems to have been dreamed up on the playing fields of Eton". This led to open discussion of "class war" by the mainstream media and leading politicians of both major parties, with speculation that the 2010 general election campaign would see the Labour Party highlight the backgrounds of senior Conservative politicians.^[171]^[172]

Raising teaching standards [link]

At the launch of the Conservative Party's education manifesto in January 2010, Cameron declared an admiration for the "brazenly elitist" approach to education of countries such as Singapore and South Korea and expressed a desire to "elevate the status of teaching in our country". He suggested the adoption of more stringent criteria for entry to teaching and offered repayment of the loans of maths and science graduates obtaining first or 2.1 degrees from "good" universities. Wes Streeting, president of the National Union of Students, said "The message that the Conservatives are sending to the majority of students is that if you didn't go to a university attended by members of the Shadow Cabinet, they don't believe you're worth as much." In response to the manifesto as a whole, Chris Keates, head of teaching union NASUWT, said teachers would be left "shocked, dismayed and demoralised" and warned of the potential for strikes as a result.^[173]^[174]^[175]

South Africa [link]

In April 2009, The Independent reported that in 1989, while Nelson Mandela remained imprisoned under the apartheid regime, David Cameron had accepted a trip to South Africa paid for by an anti-sanctions lobby firm. A spokesperson for Cameron responded by saying that the Conservative Party was at that time opposed to sanctions against South Africa and that his trip was a fact-finding mission. However, the newspaper reported that Cameron's then superior at Conservative Research Department called the trip "jolly", saying that "it was all terribly relaxed, just a little treat, a perk of the job. The Botha regime was attempting to make itself look less horrible, but I don't regard it as having been of the faintest political consequence." Cameron distanced himself from his party's history of opposing sanctions against the regime. He was criticised by Labour MP Peter Hain, himself an anti-apartheid campaigner.^[176]

Turkey and Israel [link]

In a speech in Ankara in July 2010, Cameron stated unequivocally his support for Turkey's accession to the EU, citing economic, security and political considerations, and claimed that those who opposed Turkish membership were driven by "protectionism, narrow nationalism or prejudice".^[177]^[178] In that speech, he was also critical of Israeli action during the Gaza flotilla raid and its Gaza policy, and repeated his opinion that Israel had turned Gaza into a "prison camp",^[177] having previously referred to Gaza as "a giant open prison".^[179] These views were met with mixed reactions.^[180]^[181]^[182]

At the end of May 2011, Cameron stepped down as patron of the Jewish National Fund^[183]^[184] the first British prime minister not to be patron of the charity in the 110 years of its existence.^[185]

Allegations of recreational drug use [link]

During the leadership election, allegations were made that Cameron had used cannabis and cocaine recreationally before becoming an MP.^[186] Pressed on this point during the BBC programme Question Time, Cameron expressed the view that everybody was allowed to "err and stray" in their past.^[187] During his 2005 Conservative leadership campaign he addressed the question of drug consumption by remarking that "I did lots of things before I came into politics which I shouldn't have done. We all did."^[187]

Cameron and Andy Coulson [link]

In 2007 Cameron appointed Andy Coulson, former editor of the News of the World as his director of communications. Coulson had resigned as the paper's editor following the conviction of a reporter in relation to illegal phone hacking, although stating that he knew nothing about it.^[188]^[189] In June 2010 Downing Street confirmed Coulson's annual salary as £140,000, the highest pay of any special adviser to UK Government.^[190] In January 2011 Coulson left his post, saying coverage of the phone hacking scandal was making it difficult to give his best to the job.^[188] In July 2011 he was arrested and questioned by police in connection with further allegations of illegal activities at the News of the World, and released on bail. Despite a call to apologise for hiring Coulson by the leader of the opposition Ed Miliband, Cameron defended the appointment, saying that he had taken a conscious choice to give someone who had screwed up a second chance.^[191]^[192] On 20 July, in a special parliamentary session at the House of Commons, arranged to discuss the News of the World phone hacking scandal, Cameron said that he "regretted the furore" that had resulted from his appointment of Coulson, and that "with hindsight" he would not have hired him.^[193]^[194] Coulson was detained and charged with perjury by Strathclyde Police on 30 May 2012.^[195]^[196]

Standing in opinion polls [link]

In the first month of Cameron's leadership, the Conservative Party's standing in opinion polls rose, with several pollsters placing it ahead of the ruling Labour Party. While the Conservative and Labour Parties drew even in early spring 2006, following the May 2006 local elections various polls once again generally showed Conservative leads.^[197]^[198]

When Gordon Brown became Prime Minister on 27 June 2007, Labour moved ahead and its ratings grew steadily at Cameron's expense, an ICM poll^[199] in July showing Labour with a seven point lead in the wake of controversies over his policies. An ICM poll^[200]^[201] in September saw Cameron rated the least popular of the three main party leaders. A YouGov poll for Channel 4^[202] one week later, after the Labour Party Conference, extended the Labour lead to 11 points, prompting further speculation of an early election.

Following the Conservative Party Conference in the first week of October 2007, the Conservatives drew level with Labour^[203] When Brown declared he would not call an election for the autumn,^[204] a decline in his and Labour's standings followed. At the end of the year a series of polls showed improved support for the Conservatives^[205] giving them an 11 point lead over Labour. This decreased slightly in early 2008,^[206] and in March the Conservatives had their largest lead in opinion polls since October 1987, at 16 points.^[207] In May 2008, following the worst local election performance from the Labour Party in 40 years, the Conservative lead was up to 26 points, the largest since 1968.^[208]

In December 2008, a ComRes poll showed the Conservative lead had decreased dramatically ^[209] though by February 2009 it had recovered to reach 12 points.^[210] A period of relative stability in the polls was broken in mid-December 2009 and by January 2010 some polls were predicting a hung parliament^[211]^[212]

A YouGov poll on party leaders conducted on 9–10 June 2011 found 44% of the electorate thought he was doing well and 50% thought he was doing badly, whilst 38% thought he would be the best PM, 23% preferred Ed Miliband and 35% didn't know.^[213]

Until his veto on treaty changes to the European Union in December 2011 amid the Eurozone crisis, most opinion polls that year had shown a slim Labour lead. However, many opinion polls showed that the majority of voters felt that Cameron made the right decision,^[214] Subsequent opinion polls have shown a narrow lead for the Conservatives ahead of Labour.^[215]

Personal life [link]

Cameron married Samantha Gwendoline Sheffield, the daughter of Sir Reginald Adrian Berkeley Sheffield, 8th Baronet and Annabel Lucy Veronica Jones (now The Viscountess Astor), on 1 June 1996 at the Church of St Augustine of Canterbury, East Hendred, Oxfordshire.^[5] The Camerons have had four children. Their first child, Ivan Reginald Ian, was born on 8 April 2002 in Hammersmith and Fulham, London,^[216] with a rare combination of cerebral palsy and a form of severe epilepsy called Ohtahara syndrome, requiring round-the-clock care. Recalling the receipt of this news, Cameron is quoted as saying: "The news hits you like a freight train... You are depressed for a while because you are grieving for the difference between your hopes and the reality. But then you get over that, because he's wonderful."^[217] Ivan died at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London, on 25 February 2009, aged six.^[218]

Cameron leaving St Stephen's Club

David and Samantha Cameron have two daughters, Nancy Gwen^[219] (born 2004), and Florence Rose Endellion (born 24 August 2010),^[220] and a son, Arthur Elwen (born 2006).^[221]^[222] Cameron took paternity leave when his second son was born, and this decision received broad coverage.^[223] It was also stated that Cameron would be taking paternity leave after his second daughter was born.^[220] His second daughter, Florence Rose Endellion, was born on 24 August 2010, three weeks prematurely, while the family was on holiday in Cornwall. Her third given name, Endellion, is taken from the village of St Endellion near where the Camerons were holidaying.^[224]^[225]

A Daily Mail article from June 2007 quoted Sunday Times Rich List compiler Philip Beresford, who had valued the Conservative Leader for the first time, as saying: "I put the combined family wealth of David and Samantha Cameron at £30 million plus. Both sides of the family are extremely wealthy."^[226] Another estimate is £3.2 million, though this figure excludes the million-pound legacies Cameron is expected to inherit from both sides of his family.^[227]^[228]

In early May 2008, David Cameron decided to enroll his daughter Nancy at a State school. The Camerons had been attending its associated church,^[229] which is near the Cameron family home in North Kensington, for three years.^[230] Cameron's constituency home is in Dean, Oxfordshire, and the Camerons are key members of the Chipping Norton set. ^[231]

On 8 September 2010 it was announced that Cameron would miss Prime Minister's Questions in order to fly to southern France to see his father, Ian Cameron, who had suffered a stroke with coronary complications. Later that day, with David and other family members at his bedside, Ian died.^[232]^[233] On 17 September 2010, Cameron attended a private ceremony for the funeral of his father in Berkshire, which prevented him from hearing the address of The Pope to Westminster Hall, an occasion he would otherwise have attended.^[234]

Cameron supports Aston Villa Football Club.^[235] He also owns a cat, Larry, who lives at 10 Downing Street.^[236]

Cycling [link]

He regularly uses his bicycle to commute to work. In early 2006 he was photographed cycling to work followed by his driver in a car carrying his belongings. His Conservative Party spokesperson subsequently said that this was a regular arrangement for Cameron at the time.^[237] Cameron's bicycle was stolen in May 2009 while he was shopping. It was recovered with the aid of The Sunday Mirror.^[238] His bicycle has since been stolen again from near his house.^[239] He is an occasional jogger and has raised funds for charities by taking part in the Oxford 5K and the Great Brook Run.^[240]^[241]

Faith [link]

Speaking of his religious beliefs, Cameron has said: "I've a sort of fairly classic Church of England faith".^[242] He states that his politics "is not faith-driven", adding: "I am a Christian, I go to church, I believe in God, but I do not have a direct line."^[243] On religious faith in general he has said: "I do think that organised religion can get things wrong but the Church of England and the other churches do play a very important role in society."^[242]

Questioned as to whether his faith had ever been tested, Cameron spoke of the birth of his severely disabled eldest son, saying: "You ask yourself, 'If there is a God, why can anything like this happen?'" He went on to state that in some ways the experience had "strengthened" his beliefs.^[243]

Styles [link]

David Cameron Esq (1966–2001)
David Cameron Esq MP (2001–2005)
The Rt Hon David Cameron MP (2005–)

Ancestry [link]

Among Cameron's ancestors is King William IV, who is his 5-times great-grandfather through an illegitimate daughter who was the mother of Agnes Duff, Countess Fife, who is shown in the ancestry chart below.^{[citation needed]}

Ancestors of David Cameron

32. Sir William Cameron

16. Sir Ewen Cameron

33. Catherine Cameron

8. Sir Ewen Allan Cameron

34. John Houchen

17. Josephine Elizabeth Houchen

35. Susannah Vautier

4. Ewen Donald Cameron

36. John Geddes

18. Sir Alexander Geddes

37. Jean McConnachie

9. Rachel Margaret Geddes

38. Hugh Sharp

19. Frances R. Sharp

39. Rachel Stewart

2. Ian Donald Cameron

40.

20. Sir Emile George Charles Levita

41.

10. Sir Arthur Francis Levita

42. Hermann Philip Rée

21. Katherine Plumridge Rée

43. Catherine German

5. Enid Agnes Maud Levita

44. William Cooper

22. Sir Alfred Cooper

45. Anna Marsh

11. Stephanie Agnes Cooper

46. James Duff, 5th Earl Fife

23. Lady Agnes Cecil Emmeline Duff

47. Agnes Duff, Countess Fife

1. David William Donald Cameron

48. Sir William Mount

24. Sir William George Mount, of Wasing Place

49. Charlotte Talbot

12. Sir William Arthur Mount, 1st Baronet

50. Colonel Robert Clutterbuck

25. Marianne Emily Clutterbuck

51. Elizabeth Anne Hulton

6. Sir William Malcolm Mount, 2nd Baronet

52. General Sir John Low

26. (William) Malcolm Low, Esq.

53. Augusta Ludlow Shakespear

13. Hilda Lucy Adelaide Low

54. William Feilding, 7th Earl of Denbigh

27. Lady Ida Matilda Alice Feilding

55. Lady Mary Elizabeth Kitty Moreton

3. Mary Fleur Mount

56. Llewellyn Llewellyn

28. Evan Henry Llewellyn

57. Eliza William Strick

14. Owen John Llewellyn, of Moulsford

58. Sir Thomas Somers

29. Mary Blanche Somers

59. Elizabeth Williams

7. Elizabeth Nance Llewellyn

60. Rev. Thomas Mann

30. General Sir William John Mann

61. Ann Perkins

15. Anna Elizabeth Mann

62. Sir Samuel Elms Brown

31. Julia Brown

63. Elizabeth Norris

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^ ^a ^b Pierce, Andrew (13 February 2010), "Mutiny of the faithful: Tears, mayhem and resignations – the scenes in a key Tory constituency that have rocked David Cameron", Daily Mail (London), http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1250661/Mutiny-faithful-Tears-mayhem-resignations--scenes-key-Tory-constituency-rocked-David-Cameron.html, retrieved 15 February 2010
^ Election 2010 results BBC News
^ ^a ^b "David Cameron is UK's new prime minister". BBC News. 11 May 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/election_2010/8675265.stm. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
^ Britain’s Improbable New Leaders Promise Big Changes New York Times, 12 May 2010
^ "Cameron Takes First PMQs Of Coalition Govt". Sky News. 2 June 2010. http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Politics/First-PMQs-Of-Coalition-Government-David-Cameron-Takes-His-First-Prime-Ministers-Questions/Article/201006115642233?f=rss. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
^ "State multiculturalism has failed, says David Cameron". BBC News. 5 February 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-12371994. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
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^ "Current voting intention", UKPollingReport.co.uk
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^ "Ratings boost for Brown as defection talk rattles Tories" The Guardian, 26 September 2007
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^ "Brown rules out autumn election" BBC News, 6 October 2007
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^ "Happy in Europe but still best friends with the US" The Guardian, 26 January 2008
^ "Support for Labour hits 25-year low", The Sunday Times, 16 March 2008.
^ YouGov, Sun survey results, YouGov, http://www.yougov.co.uk/extranets/ygarchives/content/pdf/Sun%2008%2005%2008%20toplines.pdf
^ Voting Intention UK Polling Report, 3 December 2008
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^ Walters, Simon (31 January 2010), "Tory poll lead slips as party denies David Cameron rift with George Osborne", Daily Mail (London), http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1247426/Tory-poll-lead-slips-party-denies-David-Cameron-rift-George-Osborne.html, retrieved 31 January 2010
^ The Party Leaders^{[dead link]} YouGov 14-Jun-2011
^ Simon Walters (11 December 2011). "David Cameron got it right: Most voters agree with PM vetoing EU treaty changes | Mail Online". London: Dailymail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2072616/David-Cameron-got-right-Most-voters-agree-PM-vetoing-EU-treaty-changes.html. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
^ "Cameron's EU veto wipes out Labour poll lead". Politics.co.uk. 2011-12-11. http://www.politics.co.uk/news/2011/12/11/cameron-s-eu-veto-wipes-out-labour-poll-lead. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
^ "Births England and Wales 1984–2006". Find My Past. http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp. Retrieved 13 April 2010. ^{[dead link]}
^ Quoted in "Focus: Can Boy Wonder save the Tories?", The Sunday Times, 9 October 2005
^ Cameron's eldest son Ivan dies, BBC News, 25 February 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7909562.stm, retrieved 25 February 2009
^ "I want to be Gwen says Mrs Cameron", Daily Express, 25 August 2007
^ ^a ^b "Camerons announce birth of fourth child". BBC News. 24 August 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11074163. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
^ "Arthur Elwen Cameron meets the public", Evening Standard, 17 February 2007
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^ Samira Shackle, Stephanie Hegarty and George Eaton The new ruling class New Statesman 1 October 2009
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External links [link]

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David Cameron official website
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Number 10 Official Number 10 website
Contributions in Parliament at Hansard 1803–2005
Electoral history and profile at The Guardian
Voting record at PublicWhip.org
Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou.com
Profile at Westminster Parliamentary Record
Profile at BBC News Democracy Live
Articles authored at Journalisted
David Cameron collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
David Cameron collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- David Cameron's columns (2001–2004) as Conservative Party diarist at The Guardian
David Cameron collected news and commentary at The New York Times
David Cameron collected news and commentary at The Telegraph
David Cameron at TED Conferences
Appearances on C-SPAN
David Cameron at the Internet Movie Database
Works by or about David Cameron in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
The David Cameron story, Brian Wheeler, BBC News, 6 December 2005

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Shaun Woodward	Member of Parliament for Witney 2001–present	Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Tim Collins	Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Skills 2005	Succeeded by David Willetts
Preceded by Michael Howard	Leader of the Opposition 2005–2010	Succeeded by Harriet Harman
Preceded by Gordon Brown	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 2010–present	Incumbent
	Minister for the Civil Service 2010–present
	First Lord of the Treasury 2010–present
Party political offices
Preceded by Michael Howard	Leader of the Conservative Party 2005–present	Incumbent
Order of precedence in England and Wales
Preceded by John Sentamu as Archbishop of York	Gentlemen as Prime Minister	Succeeded by Nick Clegg as Lord President of the Council
Order of precedence in Scotland
Preceded by William Hewitt as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland	Gentlemen as Prime Minister	Succeeded by John Bercow as Speaker of the House of Commons
Order of precedence in Northern Ireland
Preceded by Kenneth Clarke as Lord Chancellor	Gentlemen as Prime Minister	Succeeded by Nick Clegg as Lord President of the Council

David Cameron navigational boxes

v t e David Cameron

Premiership	Cameron Ministry • Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement • Coalition government • Big Society • First Speech as Prime Minister • Muscular liberalism • Project Merlin • Cash for Access scandal

Politics	Cameronism • Political positions • Electoral history • Conservative Party • Witney • Shadow Cabinet

General elections	2010

Party elections	2005

Family	Samantha Cameron • Sir William Mount, 2nd Baronet (grandfather) • Ewen Cameron (great great grandfather)

In the media	Notting Hill Set (2004) • Dave the Chameleon (2006) • Make Me a Tory (2007) • When Boris Met Dave (2009) • F·R·I·E·N·D·S (2010) • The New Coalition Academy (2010) • Cameron and Clegg Face the Audience (2010)

Conservatism Portal · Book:David Cameron · Category:David Cameron

v t e Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom

Kingdom of Great Britain	Walpole Wilmington Pelham Newcastle Devonshire Newcastle Bute G Grenville Rockingham Chatham (Pitt the Elder) Grafton North Rockingham Shelburne Portland Pitt the Younger

United Kingdom	Pitt the Younger Addington Pitt the Younger W Grenville Portland Perceval Liverpool Canning Goderich Wellington Grey Melbourne Wellington Peel Melbourne Peel Russell Derby Aberdeen Palmerston Derby Palmerston Russell Derby Disraeli Gladstone Beaconsfield (Disraeli) Gladstone Salisbury Gladstone Salisbury Gladstone Rosebery Salisbury Balfour Campbell-Bannerman Asquith Lloyd George Bonar Law Baldwin MacDonald Baldwin MacDonald Baldwin Chamberlain Churchill Attlee Churchill Eden Macmillan Douglas-Home Wilson Heath Wilson Callaghan Thatcher Major Blair Brown Cameron

Book Category Commons

Great Offices of State of the United Kingdom

Prime Minister
David Cameron

Chancellor of the Exchequer
George Osborne

Foreign Secretary
William Hague

Home Secretary
Theresa May

v t e Cameron cabinet (list)

Cameron · Clegg

Alexander · Cable · Clarke · Davey · Duncan Smith · Gillan · Gove · Greening · Hague · Hammond · Hunt · Lansley · May · Mitchell · Moore · Osborne · Paterson · Pickles · Spelman · Strathclyde · Warsi

Also attending: Letwin · Maude · McLoughlin · Willetts · Young When on agenda: Grieve Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement · Coalition government

Cabinet of Prime Minister David Cameron (since 2010)

Cabinet

Prime Minister First Lord of the Treasury Minister for the Civil Service	David Cameron (2010–present)

Deputy Prime Minister Lord President of the Council	Nick Clegg (2010–present)

First Secretary of State Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs	William Hague (2010–present)

Lord Chancellor Secretary of State for Justice	Kenneth Clarke (2010–present)

Secretary of State for the Home Department Minister for Women and Equality	Theresa May (2010–present)

Secretary of State for Defence	Liam Fox (2010–2011) · Philip Hammond (2011–present)

Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills	Vince Cable (2010–present)

Secretary of State for Work and Pensions	Iain Duncan Smith (2010–present)

Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change	Chris Huhne (2010–2012) · Ed Davey (2012–present)

Secretary of State for Health	Andrew Lansley (2010–present)

Secretary of State for Education	Michael Gove (2010–present)

Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government	Eric Pickles (2010–present)

Secretary of State for Transport	Philip Hammond (2010–2011) · Justine Greening (2011–present)

Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs	Caroline Spelman (2010–present)

Chancellor of the Exchequer	George Osborne (2010–present)

Secretary of State for International Development	Andrew Mitchell (2010–present)

Secretary of State for Northern Ireland	Owen Paterson (2010–present)

Secretary of State for Scotland	Danny Alexander (2010) · Michael Moore (2010–present)

Secretary of State for Wales	Cheryl Gillan (2010–present)

Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport	Jeremy Hunt (2010–present)

Also attending Cabinet meetings

Minister for the Cabinet Office Paymaster General	Francis Maude (2010–present)

Minister of State for Policy Paymaster General	Oliver Letwin (2010–present)

Minister of State for Universities and Science	David Willetts (2010–present)

Leader of the House of Commons Lord Privy Seal	Sir George Young (2010–present)

Chief Whip in the House of Commons Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury	Patrick McLoughlin (2010–present)

Parliament

Leader of the House of Commons Lord Privy Seal	Sir George Young, 6th Baronet (2010–present)

Leader of the House of Lords Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster	Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde (2010–present)

Government Chief Whip Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury	Patrick McLoughlin (2010–present)

Deputy Chief Whip Treasurer of the Household	John Randall (2010–present)

Deputy Chief Whip Comptroller of the Household Liberal Democrats Chief Whip	Alistair Carmichael (2010–present)

Whip Vice-Chamberlain of the Household	Mark Francois (2010–present)

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v t e United Kingdom general election, 2010

Boundary changes · Constituencies · Debates · MPs elected · MPs standing down · Newspaper endorsements · Opinion polling · Parties · Results breakdown · Results by constituency · MPs by seniority · Post-election events Incumbent Prime Minister: Gordon Brown (Labour) · Subsequent Prime Minister: David Cameron (Conservative)

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Rebecca Black
Rebecca Black in November 2011
Background information
Birth name	Rebecca Renee Black
Born	(1997-06-21) June 21, 1997 (age 15) Irvine, California, U.S.^[1]
Genres	Pop
Occupations	Singer
Instruments	Vocals
Years active	2011–present
Labels	RB Records
Website	www.rebeccablackonline.com

Rebecca Renee Black^[2] (born June 21, 1997) is an American pop singer and dancer who gained extensive media attention with the 2011 single "Friday". Her mother paid $4,000 to have the single and an accompanying music video put out as a vanity release^[3] through the record label ARK Music Factory.^[4] The song was co-written and produced by Clarence Jey and Patrice Wilson of Ark Music Factory. After the video went viral on YouTube and other social media sites, "Friday" was derided by many music critics and viewers, who dubbed it "the worst song ever."^[5]^[6]^[7] The music video received around 167 million views, causing Black to gain international attention as a "viral star", before being removed from the site on June 16. Black re-uploaded it in her own channel three months later.

1 Biography
- 1.1 Personal life
- 1.2 Career
  - 1.2.1 Ark Music Factory and "Friday" (2010–2011)
  - 1.2.2 RB Records and upcoming album (2011–present)
2 Philanthropy
3 Discography
- 3.1 Singles
- 3.2 Music videos
4 Filmography
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links

Biography [link]

Personal life [link]

Rebecca Black was born on June 21, 1997,^[8] in Irvine, California.^[1] She is the daughter of John Jeffery Black and Georgina Marquez Kelly, both veterinarians.^[4]^[9] She is of Mexican, Spanish, Italian, English, and Polish descent.^[10]^[11] An honor student, Black studied dance, auditioned for school shows, attended music summer camps, and began singing publicly in 2008 after joining the patriotic group Celebration USA.^{[citation needed]} In 2011 Black left public school in favor of homeschooling, both in response to constant verbal bullying at school and in order to focus more of her time on her career.^[12] Black later said that her main reason for the move to homeschooling was more for career reasons rather than the bullying.^[13]

Career [link]

Ark Music Factory and "Friday" (2010–2011)[link]

In late 2010, a classmate of Black and music-video client of ARK Music Factory, a Los Angeles label, told her about the company.^[14] Black's mother paid $4,000 for Ark Music to produce the music video while the Blacks retained ownership of both the master and the video.^[4]^[15] The single, "Friday", written entirely by Ark, was released on YouTube and iTunes. The song's video was uploaded to YouTube on February 10, 2011, and received approximately 1,000 views in the first month. The video went viral on March 11, 2011, acquiring millions of views on YouTube in a matter of days, becoming the most-talked-about topic on social networking site Twitter,^[16] and garnering mostly negative media coverage.^[17] As of June 14, 2011, the video had received more than 3,190,000 "dislikes" on YouTube compared to more than 451,000 "likes".^[18] As of March 22, 2011, first-week sales of her digital single were estimated to be around 40,000 by Billboard.^[19] On March 22, 2011, Black appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, during which she performed the single and discussed the negative reaction to it.^[20] The song has peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 and the New Zealand Singles Chart at number 58 and 33, respectively.^[21]^[22] In the UK, the song debuted at number 61 on the UK Singles Chart.^[23]

Black teamed up with Funny or Die on April Fool's Day (the site was renamed Friday or Die) for a series of videos, including one which addresses the controversy about the driving kids in her music video, stating "We so excited about safety."^[24]

She has stated that she is a fan of Justin Bieber, and expressed interest in performing a duet with him.^[25]

In response to the YouTube video of "Friday", Black began to receive death threats in late February 2011, specifically by phone and email.^[26] These threats are being investigated by the Anaheim Police Department.^[27]

In March 2011, Ryan Seacrest reportedly helped sign Rebecca to manager Debra Baum's DB Entertainment.^[28]

MTV selected Rebecca to host its first online awards show, the O Music Awards Fan Army Party in April 2011.^[29] As an homage to "Friday", Black appears in the music video for Katy Perry's "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)",^[30] in which Black plays alongside Perry as the hostess of a party Perry attends. "Friday" was also performed on the second season of Glee in the episode, "Prom Queen", which originally aired May 10, 2011. When asked about why the song was covered on Glee, show creator Ryan Murphy replied, "The show pays tribute to pop culture and, love it or hate it, that song is pop culture."^[31]

RB Records and upcoming album (2011–present)[link]

After the fallout with Ark Music Factory, Black announced she would start an independent record label named RB Records. Black released a self-produced single titled "My Moment" on July 18 by her own label RB Records, with an accompanying music video, publishing it to her YouTube channel; the video as of November 27 has received, approximately, 590,000 "dislikes" against 340,000 "likes."^[32] In the "My Moment" music video, director Morgan Lawley features real life video of Black's life from both before and after her fame.^[33]

Black is planning to release her official debut album around 2012, which she said will include "a bunch of different kinds of stuff."^[34] It is being recorded at a studio belonging to music producer Charlton Pettus.^[35] In an interview with The Sun, Black said that the songs will be "appropriate and clean".

Black appears as herself in the music video of Katy Perry's single "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)". She appears as the host of a party in the house next door to that of "Kathy Beth Terry". At the end of the video Perry attempts to blame the excesses of the party (which had subsequently moved to her own house) on Black, only for her parents (Corey Feldman and Debbie Gibson) to disbelieve her.^[36] Later on, Perry (in character as Kathy Beth Terry) and Black hosted a livestream on Tinychat.com after weeks of Black being mentioned on Terry's Twitter.^[37] Perry, who performs Friday routinely on stage as part of California Dreams Tour, also brought Black on stage to perform the song as a duet during her show at the Nokia Theater on August 5, 2011.^[38]

On August 10, 2011, Black was featured in an ABC Primetime Nightline: Celebrity Secrets special entitled Underage and Famous: Inside Child Stars' Lives.^[39]

On Friday, September 16, Black re-uploaded "Friday" on YouTube.^[40] In late September 2011, she was brought to Australia by Telstra to promote the launch of their 4G service.^[41]

On October 25, Black announced she started filming her upcoming music video which she first identified as 'POI' and later identified as "Person of Interest".^[42] Black said, "The basis of it is that it's a love song but it's not a love song. It's about almost teenage crushes — when you're not in love yet but you really like a guy — which I'm really excited about because I don't think there are too many out like that. It's very much a dance type song. It will make you get up and dance and sing along in your car."^[43] A teaser of the official music video was posted on November 3, 2011.^[44] Black released another teaser including a snippet of the song on November 10, 2011 on her YouTube channel. The single and its accompanying music video were released on November 15, 2011.^[45]

On December 20, 2011, "Friday" was revealed as the #1 video of the year by YouTube and Black hosted a short video called "YouTube Rewind".^[46]

Zeitgeist sorted billions of Google searches to capture the year's 10 fastest-rising global queries and the rest of the spirit of 2011. Rebecca Black #1 Most Searched Google. The searches for the teen singer topped even those of pop icon Lady Gaga and Adele.^[47]

On May 8, 2012, Black released her fourth official single, "Sing It".^[48] The music video premiered on Black's YouTube the same day.

Philanthropy [link]

Black features NOH8 Campaign a silent protest photo project against California Proposition 8. It features photographs portraying people in front of a white backdrop wearing white t-shirts, their mouths taped shut and "NOH8" painted on their cheek.

Rebecca has pledged to donate profits from the sales of her song "Friday" towards her school, El Rancho Charter, and shortly after the 2011 Japan Earthquake, to emergency relief in the country.^[49]

Discography [link]

Singles [link]

Title	Year	Peak chart positions						Album
Title	Year	US ^[50]	AUS Digital ^[51]	CAN ^[52]	IRL ^[53]	NZ ^[22]	UK ^[23]	Album
"Friday"	2011	58	40	61	46	33	60	TBA
"My Moment"		—	—	—	—	—	—
"Person of Interest"^[54]		—	—	—	—	—	—
"Sing It"	2012	—	—	—	—	—	—
"—" denotes releases that did not chart.

Music videos [link]

List of music videos, showing year released
Title	Year	Director(s)
"Friday"	2011	Chris Lowe Ian Hotchkiss
"My Moment"		Morgan Lawley
"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" (with Katy Perry)		Marc Klasfeld Danny Lockwood
"Person of Interest"		Theshay West
"Sing It"	2012	N/A

Filmography [link]

Year	Title	Role	Notes
2011	Tu Xia Chuan Qi	Penny	Voice
2012	My Music	Herself	Web show; episode 6

Awards and nominations [link]

In April 2011, the MTV O Music Awards, one of the annual awards established by MTV to honor the art, creativity, personality and technology of music into the digital space nominated "Which Seat Can I Take?" for "Favorite Animated GIF" that included footage by Rebecca Black featuring 50 Cent and Bert.^[55]
Black was named "Choice Web Star" at the 2011 Teen Choice Awards in August 2011.^[56]

Year	Nominated work	Event	Award	Result
2011	"Which Seat Can I Take?" (50 Cent, Rebecca Black, Bert)	MTV O Music Awards	Favorite Animated GIF	Nominated
	Herself	2011 Teen Choice Awards	Choice Web Star	Won
		J-14 Teen Icon Awards	Iconic Web Star	Nominated
2012		Hollywood Teen TV Awards	Favorite Breakout Star	Pending

References [link]

^ ^a ^b "Twitter". 2012-01-18. https://twitter.com/#!/MsRebeccaBlack/status/159460836442783745. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
^ "stay lovely.". 2011-10-29. http://ifyoufeelthatway.tumblr.com/post/12021441513/wait-famous-who-are-you-again-lol-i-am-following-you. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
^ Schillaci, Sophie (2011-07-18). "Rebecca Black 'My Moment' Video Premieres on YouTube". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/rebecca-black-my-moment-video-212521. Retrieved 2011-09-09.
^ ^a ^b ^c Belkin, Lisa (2011-03-25). "An Internet Star's Mom Responds". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://parenting.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/25/an-internet-stars-mom-responds/. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
^ Whitworth, Dan (2011-03-21). "'Worst song ever' gets 29m views after going viral". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/12784330. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
^ Pierce, Tony (2011-03-18). "Rebecca Black, teen singer, admits she cried when her hit song was deemed 'Worst Song Ever'". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/chatter/2011/03/rebecca-black-teen-singer-admits-she-cried-when-her-hit-song-was-deemed-worst-song-ever.html?cid=6a00d8341c630a53ef014e5ff8c4bc970c. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
^ AFP (2011-03-22). "'Worst song ever' tops 30 million views". ABC News Australia. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/03/22/3170156.htm. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
^ Black, Rebecca (2011-03-21). "Twitter: Rebecca Black (verified account)". http://twitter.com/MsRebeccaBlack/status/50024241491492864. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
^ Hall, Stan (2011-03-25). "As 'Friday' finally fades, a look back at an old little meme". The Oregonian (Advance Publications). http://www.oregonlive.com/music/index.ssf/2011/03/as_friday_finally_fades_a_look.html. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
^ "Tumblr: stay lovely.". 2011-03-09. http://ifyoufeelthatway.tumblr.com/post/10970001137/what-nash-are-u. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
^ "Terra: Rebecca Black tiene origen mexicano.". 2011-03-30. http://www.terra.com.mx/musica/articulo/1078085/Rebecca+Black+sensacion+de+YouTube+tiene+origen+mexicano.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
^ "Rebecca Black opts for homeschooling after taunts". New York Post. 2011-08-10
^ "Rebecca Black ran toward 'stuff' like VMAs, not away from bullies".
^ Lee, Chris (2011-03-17). "Rebecca Black: 'I'm Being Cyberbullied'". The Daily Beast. The Newsweek Daily Beast Company. http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2011-03-17/rebecca-black-friday-and-cyberbullying/. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
^ Chelin, Pamela (2011-04-01). "Exclusive: Rebecca Black Fighting Ark Music Factory Over 'Friday'". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/exclusive-rebecca-black-fighting-ark-music-factory-over-friday-20110401. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
^ Gello, Lee-Maree (2011-03-15). "Rebecca Black Friday Song Is Top Twitter Trending Topic Youtube". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/who-is-rebecca-black-and-is-she-really-bigger-than-japan-20110315-1bvkj.html. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
^ Perpetua, Matthew (2011-03-15). "Why Rebecca Black's Much Mocked Viral Hit Is Actually Good". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/why-rebecca-blacks-much-mocked-viral-hit-friday-is-actually-good-20110315. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
^ "Rebecca Black Pulls Friday Music Video Off YouTube". WooEB News. 2011-06-17. http://news.wooeb.com/758729/c16/rebecca-black-pulls-friday-music-video-off-youtube. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
^ Peoples, Glen (2011-03-22). "Rebecca Black's First Week Sales High But Not In Millions". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/news/rebecca-black-s-friday-first-week-sales-1005084932.story. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
^ Rebecca Black (performer) (2011-03-22). "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno". The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. NBC.
^ Trust, Gary (2011-03-23). "Lady Gaga, 'Glee' Songs Dominate Hot 100". Billboard (New York: Prometheus Global Media). http://www.billboard.com/news/lady-gaga-glee-songs-dominate-hot-100-1005089442.story. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
^ ^a ^b "Rebecca Black – Friday". Charts.org.nz. Hung Medien. http://www.charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Rebecca+Black. Retrieved 2011-03-23.
^ ^a ^b "Official UK Singles Top 100 – 2 April 2011". The Official Charts Company. http://www.theofficialcharts.com/singles-chart/. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
^ Angelo, Megan. "'Friday or Die': Rebecca Black takes over Funny or Die". Business Insider. Silicon Alley Insider, Inc.. http://www.businessinsider.com/rebecca-black-friday-funny-or-die-justin-bieber-will-ferrell-2011-4. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
^ "Rebecca Black to Justin Bieber: ‘Would you do a duet with me?’". The Ampersand. http://arts.nationalpost.com/2011/03/21/rebecca-black-to-justin-bieber-would-you-do-a-duet-with-me/. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
^ Wright, David. "Rebecca Black, 'Friday' Singer, Receiving Death Threats". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/rebecca-black-friday-singer-receiving-death-threats/story?id=13425921. Retrieved 2011-04-21.
^ "Rebecca Black Death Threats Under Investigation". Uk.eonline.com. 2011-04-19. http://uk.eonline.com/uberblog/b237303_rebecca_black_death_threats_under.html. Retrieved 2011-06-28.
^ "Rebecca Black Gets Career Boost From Ryan Seacrest". http://www.tmz.com/2011/03/25/rebecca-black-ryan-seacrest-deal-contract-friday-singer-reality-show-production-company/. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
^ Curran, Aimee. "Rebecca Black Says O Music Awards Had 'Great Energy': Online sensation also talks about her 'awkward' newfound fame.". http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1662937/o-music-awards-rebecca-black.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
^ Billboard.com
^ Halperin & Goldberg, Shirley & Lesley. "'Glee' Cover of Rebecca Black's 'Friday,' Explained". http://www.billboard.com/news/glee-cover-of-rebecca-black-s-friday-explained-1005175722.story#/news/glee-cover-of-rebecca-black-s-friday-explained-1005175722.story. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
^ "My Moment - Official Music Video". YouTube. 2011-07-18. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2OxWD85Ngz4. Retrieved 2011-09-18.
^ Alan Duke, "Rebecca Black's 'Moment' comes next Monday", CNN Entertainment, 2011-07-11
^ Kaufman, Amy (2011-08-28). "Rebecca Black ran toward 'stuff' like VMAs, not away from bullies". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/08/rebecca-black-mtv-music-video-awards-vmas-bullies-school.html. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
^ Associated Press (2011-04-29). "Rebecca Black recording new tunes". Dawn. http://www.dawn.com/2011/04/29/rebecca-black-works-to-overcome-friday-infamy.html. Retrieved 2011-09-09.
^ Music-mix.ew.com, Katy Perry, T.G.I.F.
^ "Kathy Beth Terry & Rebecca Black Are Throwing A Live Online Friday Night Party! Tune In Now!". 2011-08-05. http://www.katyperry.com/kathy-beth-terry-rebecca-black-are-throwing-a-live-online-friday-night-party-tune-in-now/. Retrieved 2011-09-18.
^ Thompson, Erica (2011-08-08). "Katy Perry Brings Rebecca Black Onstage for 'Friday' Duet: Video". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/column/viralvideos/katy-perry-brings-rebecca-black-onstage-1005308462.story. Retrieved 2011-09-18.
^ Canning, Andrea (2011-08-09). "Rebecca Black, YouTube Sensation Turned Award-Winning Pop Star, Talks About Growing Fame and Harassment". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/rebecca-black-youtube-sensation-turned-award-winning-pop/story?id=14264051. Retrieved 2011-08-01.
^ "Rebecca Black - Friday (Official Video)". YouTube. 2011-09-16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfVsfOSbJY0. Retrieved 2011-09-18.
^ Posted. "The Fun has just begun - 4G". Telstra. http://www.telstra.com.au/latest_offers/4gfun/. Retrieved 2011-11-25.
^ "Rebecca Black Coming With New Music Video". andPOP. 2011-10-29. http://www.andpop.com/2011/10/29/rebecca-black-coming-with-new-music-video/. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
^ "Rebecca Black to Release Debut Album in November". PopCrush. 2011-10-29. http://popcrush.com/rebecca-black-to-release-debut-album-in-november/. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
^ "POI COMING SOON...". YouTube. 2011-11-03. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJHudWtjwo0. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
^ "Rebecca Black". Rebecca Black. 2011-11-04. http://rebeccablackonline.com/. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
^ "Rebecca Black tops all other YouTube videos in '11 - Yahoo! News". Old.news.yahoo.com. http://old.news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111220/ap_en_ot/us_youtube_top_videos. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
^ "Google Zeitgeist 2011". Google. 2011. http://www.googlezeitgeist.com/en.
^ "Sing It". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/Sing-It/dp/B007XCSRI0/ref=sr_shvl_album_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1335833540&sr=301-1. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
^ "Rebecca Black to donate Friday proceeds to Japan". Marie Claire. 2011-03-25. http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/celebrity/520322/rebecca-black-to-donate-friday-proceeds-to-japan.html. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
^ "Top 100 Music Hits, 71–80". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100?begin=51&order=position. Retrieved 2011-03-31.
^ "The ARIA Report: Week Commencing 28 March 2011". Pandora Archive. http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20110530-1606/Issue1100.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
^ "Nielsen Canadian Charts Update" (PDF). Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://en-ca.nielsen.com/content/dam/nielsen/en_ca/documents/pdf/newsletters/billboard_canadian-update/Nielsen%20Music%20Canadian%20Update.pdf. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
^ "GfK Chart-Track". Irish Recorded Music Association. GfK. http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240001&arch=t&lyr=2011&year=2011&week=13. Retrieved 2011-04-01.
^ "Rebecca Black to Release Debut Album in November". PopCrush. http://popcrush.com/rebecca-black-to-release-debut-album-in-november/. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
^ "O Music Award for Favorite Animated GIF". Tj.mtv.com. 2011-04-26. http://tj.mtv.com/2011/04/26/o-music-award-for-favorite-animated-gif/. Retrieved 2011-06-28.
^ Mendoza, Nadia (2011-08-08). "A baby Gaga in the making? US actress Lucy Hale makes a fashion statement with heelless shoes at Teen Choice Awards". Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2023728/Lucy-Hale-makes-fashion-statement-heelless-shoes-Teen-Choice-Awards.html. Retrieved 2011-08-08.

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Rebecca_Black

http://it.wn.com/Rebecca Black

http://id.wn.com/Rebecca Black

http://es.wn.com/Rebecca Black

http://ru.wn.com/Блэк, Ребекка

http://nl.wn.com/Rebecca Black

http://pl.wn.com/Rebecca Black

http://fr.wn.com/Rebecca Black

http://de.wn.com/Rebecca Black

http://pt.wn.com/Rebecca Black

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Rupert Murdoch
Murdoch at the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival Vanity Fair party
Born	Keith Rupert Murdoch (1931-03-11) 11 March 1931 (age 81) Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Nationality	United States
Citizenship	United States (naturalised 1985)
Occupation	Chairman and CEO of News Corporation
Net worth	US$ 8.3 billion (2012)^[1]
Religion	Christian
Spouse	Patricia Booker (m. 1956–1967) (divorced) Anna Maria Torv (m. 1967–1999) (divorced) Wendi Deng (m. 1999)
Children	Prudence Murdoch (b. 1958)^[2] Elisabeth Murdoch (b. 1968)^[2] Lachlan Murdoch (b. 1971)^[2] James Murdoch (b. 1972)^[2] Grace Murdoch (b. 2001)^[3] Chloe Murdoch (b. 2003)^[2]
Parents	Keith Murdoch (1885–1952) Elisabeth Joy (née Greene, b. 1909)
Relatives	Matthew Freud (son-in-law) Sarah Murdoch (daughter-in-law)
Awards	Companion of the Order of Australia (1984).^[4]
Notes ^a Australian citizenship lost in 1985 (under S17 of Australian Citizenship Act 1948) with acquisition of US nationality

Keith Rupert Murdoch, AC, KSG (born 11 March 1931) is an Australian American media mogul. Murdoch became managing director of Australia's News Limited, inherited from his father, in 1952.^[3]^[5] He is the founder, Chairman and CEO of global media holding company the News Corporation, the world's second-largest media conglomerate.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

In the 1950s and '60s, he acquired various newspapers in Australia and New Zealand, before expanding into the United Kingdom in 1969, taking over the News of the World followed closely by The Sun. He moved to New York in 1974 to expand into the US market and became a naturalised US citizen in 1985.^[5] In 1981, he bought The Times, his first British broadsheet.

In 1986, keen to adopt newer electronic publishing technologies, he consolidated his UK printing operations in Wapping, causing bitter industrial disputes. His News Corporation acquired Twentieth Century Fox (1985), HarperCollins (1989)^[10] and The Wall Street Journal (2007). He formed BSkyB in 1990 and during the 1990s expanded into Asian networks and South American television. By 2000 Murdoch's News Corporation owned over 800 companies in more than 50 countries with a net worth of over $5 billion.

In July 2011 Murdoch faced allegations that his companies, including the News of the World, owned by News Corporation, had been regularly hacking the phones of celebrities, royalty and public citizens. He faces police and government investigations into bribery and corruption by the British government and FBI investigations in the US.^[11]^[12]

Early life [link]

Murdoch was born in Melbourne, the only son of Sir Keith Murdoch (1885–1952) and Elisabeth Greene (born 1909). He has English, Irish and Scottish ancestry. His parents were both born in Melbourne. Keith Murdoch was a renowned war correspondent and later a regional newspaper magnate.^[5] He asked for a rendezvous after seeing her debutante photograph in one of his own newspapers and they married in 1928, when she was aged 19 and he 23 years her senior.^[13] In addition to Rupert, the couple had three daughters: Janet Calvert-Jones, Anne Kantor and Helen Handbury (1929–2004).

Murdoch attended Geelong Grammar School,^[14] where he had his first experience of editing a publication, being co-editor of the school's official journal The Corian and editor of the student journal If Revived.^[15]^[16] He also took his School's cricket team to the National Junior Finals. He worked part time at the Melbourne Herald and was groomed by his father from an early age to take over the family business.^[3]^[5] Murdoch read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Worcester College, Oxford University in England, where he supported the Labour Party^[3] and managed Oxford Student Publications Limited, the publishing house of Cherwell Newspaper.^[17] After her husband's death from cancer in 1952, Elisabeth Murdoch went on to invest herself in charity work, as life governor of the Royal Women's Hospital in Melbourne and establishing the Murdoch Children's Research Institute. At 102 (in 2011) she had 74 descendants.^[13] Murdoch completed an MA before working as a sub-editor with the Daily Express for two years.^[5]

Activities in Australia and New Zealand [link]

Journalist Sir Keith Murdoch (1886–1952), Rupert Murdoch's father.

Following his father's death, when he was 21, Murdoch returned from Oxford to take charge of the family business News Limited, which had been established in 1923. Rupert Murdoch turned its newspaper, Adelaide News, its main asset, into a major success.^[3] He began to direct his attention to acquisition and expansion, buying the troubled Sunday Times in Perth, Western Australia (1956) and over the next few years acquiring suburban and provincial newspapers in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and the Northern Territory, including the Sydney afternoon tabloid, The Daily Mirror (1960). The Economist describes Murdoch as "inventing the modern tabloid",^[18] as he developed a pattern for his newspapers, increasing sports and scandal coverage and adopting eye-catching headlines.^[5]

Murdoch's first foray outside Australia involved the purchase of a controlling interest in the New Zealand daily The Dominion. In January 1964, while touring New Zealand with friends in a rented Morris Minor after sailing across the Tasman, Murdoch read of a takeover bid for the Wellington paper by the British-based Canadian newspaper magnate, Lord Thomson of Fleet. On the spur of the moment, he launched a counter-bid. A four-way battle for control ensued in which the 32-year-old Murdoch was ultimately successful.^[19] Later in 1964, Murdoch launched The Australian, Australia's first national daily newspaper, and its first broadsheet, which was based first in Canberra and later in Sydney.^[3]^[20] In 1972, Murdoch acquired the Sydney morning tabloid The Daily Telegraph from Australian media mogul Sir Frank Packer, who later regretted selling it to him.^[21] In 1984, Murdoch was appointed Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) for services to publishing.^[22]

In 1999, Murdoch significantly expanded his music holdings in Australia by acquiring the controlling share in a leading Australian independent label, Michael Gudinski's Mushroom Records; he merged that with Festival Records, and the result was Festival Mushroom Records (FMR). Both Festival and FMR were managed by Murdoch's son James Murdoch for several years.^[23]

Political activities in Australia [link]

Murdoch found a political ally in John McEwen, leader of the Australian Country Party (now known as the National Party of Australia), who was governing in coalition with the larger Menzies-Holt Liberal Party. From the very first issue of The Australian Murdoch began taking McEwen's side in every issue that divided the long-serving coalition partners. (The Australian, 15 July 1964, first edition, front page: "Strain in Cabinet, Liberal-CP row flares.") It was an issue that threatened to split the coalition government and open the way for the stronger Australian Labor Party to dominate Australian politics. It was the beginning of a long campaign that served McEwen well.^[24]

After McEwen and Menzies retired, Murdoch threw his growing power behind the Australian Labor Party under the leadership of Gough Whitlam and duly saw it elected^[25] on a social platform that included universal free health care, free education for all Australians to tertiary level, recognition of the People's Republic of China, and public ownership of Australia's oil, gas and mineral resources. Rupert Murdoch's backing of Whitlam turned out to be brief. Murdoch had already started his short-lived National Star^[24] newspaper in America, and was seeking to strengthen his political contacts there.^[26]

Asked about the Australian federal election, 2007 at News Corporation's annual general meeting in New York on 19 October 2007, its chairman Rupert Murdoch said, "I am not commenting on anything to do with Australian politics. I'm sorry. I always get into trouble when I do that." Pressed as to whether he believed Prime Minister John Howard should be re-elected, he said: "I have nothing further to say. I'm sorry. Read our editorials in the papers. It'll be the journalists who decide that – the editors."^[27] In 2009, in response to accusations by Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd that News Limited was running vendettas against him and his government, Murdoch opined that Rudd was "oversensitive"^[28] Murdoch described Howard's successor, Labor Party Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, as "...more ambitious to lead the world [in tackling climate change] than to lead Australia..." and criticised Rudd's expansionary fiscal policies in the wake of the financial crisis of 2008 as unnecessary.^[29] Although News Limited's interests are extensive, also including the Daily Telegraph, the Courier-Mail and the Adelaide Advertiser, it was suggested by the commentator Mungo MacCallum in The Monthly that "the anti-Rudd push, if coordinated at all, was almost certainly locally driven" as opposed to being directed by Murdoch, who also took a different position from local editors on such matters as climate change and stimulus packages to combat the financial crisis.^[30]

Activities in Britain [link]

Business activities in Britain [link]

Rupert Murdoch – World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2007

In 1968 Murdoch entered the UK newspaper market with his acquisition of the populist News of the World, followed in 1969 with the purchase of the struggling daily broadsheet The Sun from IPC.^[31] Murdoch turned The Sun into a tabloid format and reduced costs by using the same printing press for both newspapers. In 1997 The Sun attracted 10 million daily readers.^[5] In 1981, Murdoch acquired the struggling Times and Sunday Times from Canadian newspaper publisher Lord Thomson of Fleet.^[31] Ownership of The Times came to him through his relationship with Lord Thomson, who had grown tired of losing money on it as a result of much industrial action that stopped publication.^[32] In the light of success and expansion at The Sun the owners believed that Murdoch could turn the papers around. Harold Evans, Editor of the Sunday Times from 1967, was made head of the daily Times, though he stayed only a year amid editorial conflict with Murdoch.^[33]^[34]

During the 1980s and early 1990s, Murdoch's publications were generally supportive of Britain's Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.^[35] At the end of the Thatcher/Major era, Murdoch switched his support to the Labour Party and its leader, Tony Blair. The closeness of his relationship with Blair and their secret meetings to discuss national policies was to become a political issue in Britain.^[36] Though this later started to change, with The Sun publicly renouncing the ruling Labour government and lending its support to David Cameron's Conservative Party in the English editions, which soon after came to form a coalition government. In Scotland, where the Tories had yet to recover from their complete annihilation in 1997, the paper began to endorse the Scottish National Party (though not yet its flagship policy of independence), which soon after came to form the first ever outright majority in the proportionally elected Scottish Parliament. Former Prime Minister Gordon Brown's official spokesman said in November 2009 that Brown and Murdoch "were in regular communication" and that "there is nothing unusual in the prime minister talking to Rupert Murdoch".^[37]

In 1986, Murdoch introduced electronic production processes to his newspapers in Australia, Britain and the United States. The greater degree of automation led to significant reductions in the number of employees involved in the printing process. In England, the move roused the anger of the print unions, resulting in a long and often violent dispute that played out in Wapping, one of London's docklands areas, where Murdoch had installed the very latest electronic newspaper purpose-built publishing facility in an old warehouse.^[38] The bitter dispute at Wapping started with the dismissal of 6,000 employees who had gone on strike and resulted in street battles and demonstrations. Many on the political left in Britain alleged the collusion of Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government with Murdoch in the Wapping affair, as a way of damaging the British trade union movement.^[39]^[40]^[41] In 1987, the dismissed workers accepted a settlement of £60 million.^[5]

Murdoch's British-based satellite network, Sky Television, incurred massive losses in its early years of operation. As with many of his other business interests, Sky was heavily subsidised by the profits generated by his other holdings, but convinced rival satellite operator British Satellite Broadcasting to accept a merger on his terms in 1990.^[5] They were quick to see the advantages of direct to home (DTH) satellite broadcasting that did not require costly cable networks and the merged company, BSkyB, has dominated the British pay-TV market ever since.^[42] By 1996, BSkyB had more than 3.6 million subscribers, triple the number of cable customers in the UK.^[5] British financier Lord Jacob Rothschild, a close Murdoch friend since the 1960's, served as deputy chairman of Murdoch's BSkyB corporation from 2003–2007, and Murdoch jointly invested with Rothschild in a 5.5 percent stake in Genie Oil and Gas, which did shale gas and oil exploration in Israel.^[43]

In response to print media's decline and the increasing influence of online journalism during the 2000s, Murdoch proclaimed his support of the micropayments model for obtaining revenue from on-line news,^[44] although this has been criticised by some.^[45]

News Corporation has subsidiaries in the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, the Channel Islands and the Virgin Islands. From 1986, News Corporation's annual tax bill averaged around seven percent of its profits.^[46]

Political activities in Britain [link]

In Britain, in the 1980s, Murdoch formed a close alliance with Conservative prime minister Margaret Thatcher, and The Sun credited itself with helping her successor John Major to win an unexpected election victory in the 1992 general election, which had been expected to end in a hung parliament or a narrow win for Neil Kinnock's Labour.^[47] In the general elections of 1997, 2001 and 2005, Murdoch's papers were either neutral or supported Labour under Tony Blair. This has led some critics to argue that Murdoch simply supports the incumbent parties (or those who seem most likely to win an upcoming election) in the hope of influencing government decisions that may affect his businesses.

The Labour Party, from when Tony Blair became leader in 1994, had moved from the Left to a more central position on many economic issues prior to 1997. Murdoch identifies himself as a libertarian, saying "What does libertarian mean? As much individual responsibility as possible, as little government as possible, as few rules as possible. But I'm not saying it should be taken to the absolute limit."^[48]

In a speech delivered in New York, Rupert Murdoch said that the British Prime Minister Tony Blair described the BBC coverage of the Hurricane Katrina disaster as being full of hatred of America.^[49]

In 1998, Rupert Murdoch made an attempt to buy the football club Manchester United F.C.,^[50] with an offer of £625 million, but this failed. It was the largest amount ever offered for a sports club. It was blocked by the United Kingdom's Competition Commission, which stated that the acquisition would have "hurt competition in the broadcast industry and the quality of British football".

On 28 June 2006 the BBC reported that Murdoch and News Corporation were considering backing new Conservative leader David Cameron at the next General Election – still up to four years away.^[51] In a later interview in July 2006, when he was asked what he thought of the Conservative leader, Murdoch replied "Not much".^[52] In a 2009 blog, it was suggested that in the aftermath of the News of the World phone hacking scandal which is still ongoing in 2012 and might yet have Transatlantic implications^[53] Murdoch and News Corporation might have decided to back Cameron.^[54] Despite this, there had already been a convergence of interests between the two men over the muting of Britain's communications regulator Ofcom.^[55]

In 2006, Britain's Independent newspaper reported that Murdoch would offer Tony Blair a senior role in his global media company News Corporation when the prime minister stood down from office.^[56]

He is accused by former Solidarity MSP Tommy Sheridan of having a personal vendetta against him and of conspiring with MI5 to produce a video of him confessing to having affairs – allegations over which Sheridan had previously sued News International and won.^[57] On being arrested for perjury following the case, Sheridan claimed that the charges were "orchestrated and influenced by the powerful reach of the Murdoch empire".^[58]

In August 2008, British Conservative leader and future Prime Minister David Cameron accepted free flights to hold private talks and attend private parties with Murdoch on his yacht, the Rosehearty.^[59] Cameron has declared in the Commons register of interests he accepted a private plane provided by Murdoch's son-in-law, public relations guru Matthew Freud; Cameron has not revealed his talks with Murdoch. The gift of travel in Freud's Gulfstream IV private jet was valued at around £30,000. Other guests attending the "social events" included the then EU trade commissioner Lord Mandelson, the Russian oligarch Oleg Deripaska and co-chairman of NBC Universal Ben Silverman. The Conservatives have not disclosed what was discussed.^[60]

In July 2011 it emerged that Cameron met key executives of Murdoch's News Corporation 26 times during the 14 months that Cameron had served as Prime Minister.^[61] It was also reported that Murdoch had given Cameron a personal guarantee that there would be no risk attached to hiring Andy Coulson, the former editor of News of the World, as the Conservative Party's communication director in 2007.^[62] This was in spite of Coulson having resigned as editor over phone hacking by a reporter. Cameron chose to take Murdoch's advice, despite warnings from Nick Clegg, Lord Ashdown and The Guardian.^[63] Coulson resigned his post in 2011 and was later arrested and questioned on allegations of further criminal activity at The News of the World, specifically the News International phone hacking scandal.

News International phone hacking scandal [link]

Main article: News International phone hacking scandal

In July 2011 Rupert Murdoch along with his son James gave testimony before a British parliamentary committee regarding phone hacking. In the U.K his media empire remains under fire as investigators continue to probe reports of other phone hacking.^[64]

On 14 July, the Culture, Media and Sport Committee of the House of Commons served a summons on Murdoch, his son James, and his former CEO Rebekah Brooks to testify before a committee on 19 July.^[65] After an initial refusal, the Murdochs confirmed they would attend after the committee issued them a summons to Parliament.^[66] The day before the committee, the website of the News Corporation publication The Sun was hacked, and a false story was posted on the front page claiming that Murdoch had died.^[67] Murdoch described the day of the committee "the most humble day of my life". He argued that since he ran a global business of 53,000 employees and that the News of the World was "just 1%" of this, he was not ultimately responsible for what went on at the tabloid. He added that he had not considered resigning,^[68] and that he and the other top executives had been completely unaware of the hacking.^[69]^[70]

On 15 July Rupert Murdoch attended a private meeting in London with the family of Milly Dowler, where he personally apologised for the hacking of their murdered daughter's voicemail by a company he owns.^[71]^[72] On 16 and 17 July, News International published two full-page apologies in many of Britain's national newspapers. The first apology took the form of a letter, signed by Rupert Murdoch, in which he said sorry for the "serious wrongdoing" that occurred. The second was titled "Putting right what's gone wrong", and gave more detail about the steps News International was taking to address the public's concerns.^[72] In the wake of the allegations Murdoch accepted the resignations of Rebekah Brooks, head of Murdoch's British operations, and Les Hinton, head of Dow Jones who was chairman of Murdoch's British newspaper division when some of the abuses happened. They both deny any knowledge of any wrong-doing under their command.^[73]

On 27 February 2012, the following day after Murdoch's controversial release of the Sun on Sunday, Deputy Assistant Commissioner Sue Akers informed the Leveson Inquiry that Police are investigating a "network of corrupt officials" as part of their inquiries into phone hacking and police corruption. Deputy Assistant Commissioner Sue Akers told the Leveson Inquiry that evidence suggested a "culture of illegal payments" at the Sun newspaper and that these payments allegedly made by the Sun were authorised at a senior level.^[74]

In testimony on 25 April 2012, Murdoch did not deny the quote attributed to him by his former editor of The Sunday Times, Harold Evans: "I give instructions to my editors all round the world, why shouldn't I in London?"^[75]^[76] On 1 May 2012, the Culture, Media and Sport Committee issued a report stating that Murdoch was "not a fit person to exercise the stewardship of a major international company".^[77]^[78]

Activities in the United States [link]

Murdoch made his first acquisition in the United States in 1973, when he purchased the San Antonio Express-News. Soon afterwards, he founded Star, a supermarket tabloid, and in 1976, he purchased the New York Post.^[5] On 4 September 1985, Murdoch became a naturalised citizen to satisfy the legal requirement that only US citizens were permitted to own American television stations. This resulted in Murdoch losing his Australian citizenship.^[79]^[80]

Marvin Davis sold Marc Rich's interest in 20th Century Fox to Murdoch for $250 million in March 1984. Davis later backed out of a deal with Murdoch to purchase John Kluge's Metromedia television stations.^[81] Murdoch went alone and bought the stations, and later bought out Davis' remaining stake in Fox for $325 million.^[81] The six television stations owned by Metromedia would form the nucleus of the Fox Broadcasting Company, founded on 9 October 1986, which would go on to have great success with programmes such as The Simpsons and The X-Files.^[5]

In 1987 in Australia, he bought The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd, the company that his father had once managed. By 1990 News Corporation had built up debts of $7 billion (much from Sky TV in the UK).^[5] forcing Murdoch to sell many of the American magazine interests he had acquired in the mid-1980s. In 1993, it took exclusive coverage of the National Football League (NFL) from CBS and increased programming to seven days a week.^[82] In 1995, Murdoch's Fox Network became the object of scrutiny from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), when it was alleged that News Ltd.'s Australian base made Murdoch's ownership of Fox illegal. However, the FCC ruled in Murdoch's favour, stating that his ownership of Fox was in the best interests of the public. That same year, Murdoch announced a deal with MCI Communications to develop a major news website and magazine, The Weekly Standard. Also that year, News Corporation launched the Foxtel pay television network in Australia in partnership with Telstra. In 1996, Murdoch decided to enter the cable news market with the Fox News Channel, a 24-hour cable news station. Ratings studies released in 2009 showed that the network was responsible for nine of the top ten programs in the "Cable News" category at that time.^[83] Rupert Murdoch and Ted Turner (founder and former owner of CNN) are long-standing rivals.^[84] In late 2003, Murdoch acquired a 34 percent stake in Hughes Electronics, the operator of the largest American satellite TV system, DirecTV, from General Motors for $6 billion (USD).^[22] His Fox movie studio would go on to have global hits with Titanic and Avatar.^[85]

In 2004, Murdoch announced that he was moving News Corporation headquarters from Adelaide, Australia to the United States. Choosing a US domicile was designed to ensure that American fund managers could purchase shares in the company, since many were deciding not to buy shares in non-US companies. Some analysts believed that News Corporation's Australian domicile was leading to the company being undervalued compared with its peers.

File:News Corporation.svg

News Corporation logo

On 20 July 2005, News Corporation bought Intermix Media Inc., which held Myspace, Imagine Games Network and other social networking-themed websites, for $580 million USD, making Murdoch a major player in online media concerns.^[86] In June 2011, it sold off Myspace for US$35 million.^[87] On 11 September 2005, News Corporation announced that it would buy IGN Entertainment for $650 million (USD).^[88]

In May 2007, Murdoch made a $5 billion offer to purchase Dow Jones. At the time, the Bancroft family, who had owned the Dow Jones for 105 years and controlled 64% of the shares at the time, firmly declined the offer, opposing Murdoch's much-used strategy of slashing employee numbers and gutting existing systems. Later, the Bancroft family confirmed a willingness to consider a sale. Besides Murdoch, the Associated Press reported that supermarket magnate Ron Burkle and Internet entrepreneur Brad Greenspan were among the other interested parties.^[89] In 2007, Murdoch acquired Dow Jones,^[90]^[91] which gave him such publications as The Wall Street Journal, Barron's Magazine, the Far Eastern Economic Review (based in Hong Kong) and SmartMoney.^[92]

Political activities in the United States [link]

McNight (2010) identifies four characteristics of his media operations: free market ideology; unified positions on matters of public policy; global editorial meetings; and opposition to a perceived liberal bias in other public media.^[93]

On 8 May 2006, the Financial Times reported that Murdoch would be hosting a fund-raiser for Senator Hillary Clinton's (D-New York) Senate re-election campaign.^[94] In a 2008 interview with Walt Mossberg, Murdoch was asked whether he had "anything to do with the New York Post's endorsement of Barack Obama in the democratic primaries." Without hesitating, Murdoch replied, "Yeah. He is a rock star. It's fantastic. I love what he is saying about education. I don't think he will win Florida... but he will win in Ohio and the election. I am anxious to meet him. I want to see if he will walk the walk."^[95]^[96] Murdoch is a strong supporter of Israel and its domestic policies.^[97]

In 2010 News Corporation gave $1 million to the Republican Governors Association and $1 million to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.^[98]^[99]^[100]

Murdoch also served on the board of directors of the libertarian Cato Institute.^[101] He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.^[102]

Murdoch is also a supporter of the Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect Intellectual Property Act.^[103]

Murdoch is a supporter of more open immigration policies in western nations generally.^[104] In the United States, Murdoch and chief executives from several major corporations including Hewlett-Packard, Boeing and Disney joined New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg to form the Partnership for a New American Economy to advocate "for immigration reform – including a path to legal status for all undocumented immigrants now in the United States."^[105] The coalition, reflecting Murdoch and Bloomberg's own views, also advocates significant increases in legal immigration to the United States as a means of boosting America's sluggish economny and lowering unemployment. The Partnership for a New American Economy's immigration policy prescriptions are notably similar to those favoured by the libertarian Cato Institute and the Chamber of Commerce-both of which Murdoch has supported in the past.^[106] The Wall Street Journal Editorial Page as well has long advocated increased legal immigration to the United States both before and after News Corporation's acquisition of the paper in 2007. This contrasts with the staunch anti-immigration stance of Murdoch's British newspaper, The Sun.^[107]

On 5 September 2010, Murdoch testified before the House Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law Membership on the “Role of Immigration in Strengthening America’s Economy.” In his testimony, Murdoch called for ending mass deportations and endorsed a "comprehensive immigration reform" plan that would include a pathway to citizenship for all illegal immigrants.^[105]

Activities in Europe [link]

Murdoch owns controlling interest in Sky Italia, a satellite television provider in Italy.^[108] Murdoch's business interests in Italy have been a source of contention since they began.^[108] In 2010 Murdoch won a media dispute with then Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. A judge ruled the then Prime Minister's media arm Mediaset prevented News Corporation's Italian unit, Sky Italia, from buying advertisements on its television networks.^[109]

Activities in Asia [link]

In 1993, Murdoch acquired Star TV, a Hong Kong company founded by Richard Li^[110] for $1 billion (Souchou, 2000:28), and subsequently set up offices for it throughout Asia. The deal enables News International to broadcast from Hong Kong to India, China, Japan and over thirty other countries in Asia, becoming one of the biggest satellite TV networks in the east.^[5] However, the deal did not work out as Murdoch had planned, because the Chinese government placed restrictions on it that prevented it from reaching most of China.

Family [link]

Marriages [link]

Murdoch with his third wife, Wendi, in 2011

In 1956 Murdoch married Patricia Booker, a former shop assistant and flight attendant from Melbourne and they had their first child, Prudence, in 1958.^[111]^[112] Rupert and Patricia Murdoch divorced in 1967.^[2] In 1967 Murdoch married Anna Maria Torv (Tõrv),^[111] a Scottish-born cadet journalist working for his Sydney newspaper The Daily Telegraph (not to be mistaken for the actress Anna Torv of Fringe who is the elder Torv's niece).^[2] During his marriage to Torv, a Roman Catholic, Murdoch was made a Knight of the Order of Saint Gregory the Great (KSG), a papal honour awarded by Pope John Paul II.^[113] Torv and Murdoch had three children: Elisabeth Murdoch (born in Sydney, Australia on 22 August 1968), Lachlan Murdoch (born in London, UK on 8 September 1971), and James Murdoch, (born in London on 13 December 1972).^[111]^[112] Murdoch's companies published two novels by his then wife: Family Business (1988) and Coming to Terms (1991), both widely regarded^[114] as vanity publications. They divorced in June 1999. Anna Murdoch received a settlement of US$ 1.2 billion in assets.^[115]

On 25 June 1999, 17 days after divorcing his second wife, Murdoch, then aged 68, married Chinese-born Deng Wendi (Wendi Deng).^[116] She was 30, a recent Yale School of Management graduate, and a newly appointed vice-president of his STAR TV. Murdoch has two children with her.

Children [link]

Murdoch has six children.^[117] His eldest child, Prudence MacLeod, was appointed on 28 January 2011 to the board of Times Newspapers Ltd, part of News International, which publishes The Times and The Sunday Times.^[118] Murdoch's eldest son Lachlan, formerly the deputy chief operating officer at the News Corporation and the publisher of the New York Post, was Murdoch's heir apparent before resigning from his executive posts at the global media company at the end of July 2005.^[117] Lachlan's departure left James Murdoch chief executive of the satellite television service British Sky Broadcasting since November 2003, as the only Murdoch son still directly involved with the company's operations, though Lachlan has agreed to remain on the News Corporation's board.^[119]

After graduating from Vassar College^[120] and marrying classmate Elkin Kwesi Pianim (the son of Ghanaian financial and political mogul Kwame Pianim) in 1993,^[120] Murdoch's daughter Elisabeth, along with her husband, purchased a pair of NBC-affiliate television stations in California, KSBW and KSBY, with a $35 million loan provided by her father. By quickly re-organising and re-selling them at a $12 million profit in 1995, Elisabeth emerged as an unexpected rival to her brothers for the eventual leadership of the publishing dynasty's empire. But after divorcing her first husband in 1998 and quarrelling publicly with her assigned mentor Sam Chisholm at BSkyB, she struck out on her own as a television and film producer in London. She has since enjoyed independent success, in conjunction with her second husband, Matthew Freud, the great-grandson of Sigmund Freud (the founder of psychoanalysis) whom she met in 1997 and married in 2001.^[120]

It is not known how long Murdoch will remain as News Corporation's CEO. For a while the American cable television entrepreneur John Malone was the second-largest voting shareholder in News Corporation after Murdoch himself, potentially undermining the family's control. In 2007, the company announced that it would sell certain assets and give cash to Malone's company in exchange for its stock. In 2007, the company issued Murdoch's older children voting stock.^{[citation needed]}

Rupert Murdoch has two children with Wendi Deng: Grace (b. New York, 19 November 2001)^[3] and Chloe (b. New York, 17 July 2003).^[2]^[112] It was revealed in September 2011 that Tony Blair is Grace's godfather.^[121] There is reported to be tension between Murdoch and his oldest children over the terms of a trust holding the family's 28.5 percent stake in News Corporation, estimated in 2005 to be worth about $6.1 billion. Under the trust, his children by Wendi Deng share in the proceeds of the stock but have no voting privileges or control of the stock. Voting rights in the stock are divided 50/50 between Murdoch on the one side and his children of his first two marriages. Murdoch's voting privileges are not transferable but will expire upon his death and the stock will then be controlled solely by his children from the prior marriages, although their half-siblings will continue to derive their share of income from it. It is Murdoch's stated desire to have his children by Deng given a measure of control over the stock proportional to their financial interest in it (which would mean, if Murdoch dies while at least one of the children is a minor, that Deng would exercise that control). It does not appear that he has any strong legal grounds to contest the present arrangement, and both ex-wife Anna and their three children are said to be strongly resistant to any such change.^[122]

Portrayal on television, in film, books and music [link]

Murdoch and rival newspaper and publishing magnate Robert Maxwell are thinly fictionalised as "Keith Townsend" and "Richard Armstrong" in The Fourth Estate by British novelist and former MP Jeffrey Archer.^[123]

Murdoch has been portrayed by Barry Humphries in the 1991 mini-series Selling Hitler, Hugh Laurie in a parody of It's a Wonderful Life in the television show A Bit of Fry & Laurie, Ben Mendelsohn in the film Black and White, Paul Elder in The Late Shift and by himself on The Simpsons, first in "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday" and later in "Judge Me Tender".

It has been speculated that the character of Elliot Carver, the global media magnate and main villain in the 1997 James Bond movie Tomorrow Never Dies, is based on Murdoch. The writer of the film, Bruce Feirstein, has stated that Carver was actually inspired by British press magnate Robert Maxwell, who was one of Murdoch's rivals.^[124]

Since both Rupert Murdoch and Robert Maxwell had the same initials they were often confused by the public. This confusion was exploited by the writers of the British situation comedy 'Drop the Dead Donkey' which was set in a TV newsroom who chose to name the fictional proprietor Sir Roysten Merchant (initials RM). The writers state on their DVD commentares that it was "fortunate" for them that the two men shared the same initials.

In the 1997 film Fierce Creatures, the head of Octopus Inc. Rod McCain (initials R.M.) character is likely modelled after Murdoch.^[125]

In 1999, the Ted Turner owned TBS aired an original sitcom, The Chimp Channel. This featured an all-simian cast and the role of an Australian TV veteran named Harry Waller. The character is described as "a self-made gazillionaire with business interests in all sorts of fields. He owns newspapers, hotel chains, sports franchises and genetic technologies, as well as everyone's favourite cable TV channel, The Chimp Channel." Waller is thought to be a parody of Murdoch, a long-time rival of Turner's.^[126]

In 2004, the movie Outfoxed included many interviews accusing Fox News of pressuring reporters to report only one side of news stories, in order to influence viewers' political opinions.^[127]

In 2012, the satirical show Hacks, broadcast on UK-based Channel 4, made obvious comparisons with Rupert Murdoch using the fictional character 'Stanhope Feast', as well as other central figures in the phone hacking scandal^[128]

Influence, wealth and reputation [link]

Murdoch's reputation and influence have been noted, both positively and negatively

According to the 2011 list of Forbes richest Americans, Murdoch is the 38th richest person in the US and the 106th-richest person in the world, with a net worth of $8.3 billion.^[1]

Murdoch has been listed three times in the Time 100 as among the most influential people in the world. In May 2012, Forbes ranked him as the 24th most powerful person in the world.^[129]

In connection with Murdoch's testimony to the Leveson Inquiry "into the ethics of the British press", editor of Newsweek International, Tunku Varadarajan, referred to him as "the man whose name is synonymous with unethical newspapers".^[130]

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Robert Jay QC: This is 4 March 1983. You apparently said this: "I give instruction to my editors all round the world, why shouldn't I in London?" Do you remember saying that?
Murdoch: No, I don't.
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^ Sullivan, Andrew (29 May 2008). "The Daily Dish". The Atlantic. http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2008/05/murdoch-on-mcca.html. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
^ Rosen, Hilary (5 June 2008). "Rupert Murdoch Says Obama Will Win". Huffington Post (USA). http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hilary-rosen/rupert-murdoch-says-obama_b_104018.html. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
^ 11 December 2007 "The Murdochs and the Middle East" The Spectator.
^ Rutenberg, Jim (1 October 2010). "News Corp. Donates $1 million to U.S. Chamber of Commerce". The New York Times. http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/01/news-corp-donates-1-million-to-anti-democrat-group. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
^ "Rupert Murdoch's News Corp. donates $1M to U.S. Chamber of Commerce". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland.com. 2 October 2010. http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2010/10/rupert_murdochs_news_corp_dona.html. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
^ "Murdoch says Kasich friendship influenced $1 million donation". News. Yahoo!. 7 October 2010. http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_upshot/20101007/el_yblog_upshot/murdoch-says-kasich-friendship-influenced-1-mil-donation. Retrieved 11 October 2010.
^ "Murdoch Joins Board of Directors", Policy report, Cato, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lgfQf_lM7E8J:www.cato.org/pubs/policy_report/cpr-19n6-10.html+murdoch+board+of+directors+cato+institute&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&client=ubuntu/
^ "Membership Roster – Council on Foreign Relations". Cfr.org. http://www.cfr.org/about/membership/roster.html?letter=M. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
^ http://www.nj.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2012/01/etta_james_sopa_obama_twitter.html
^ Adegoke, Yinka (17 November 2011). "Murdoch backs progressive U.S. immigration policy | MediaFile | Analysis & Opinion". Blogs.reuters.com. http://blogs.reuters.com/mediafile/2011/11/17/murdoch-backs-progressive-u-s-immigration-policy/. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Rupert Murdoch, Michael Bloomberg Push For Immigration Reform". Huffington Post. 30 September 2010. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/30/murdoch-bloomberg-testify_n_745499.html.
^ "New Study Seconds Cato Finding: Immigration Reform Good for Economy". Cato-at-liberty.org. 7 January 2010. http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/new-study-seconds-cato-finding-immigration-reform-good-for-economy/. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
^ http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/politics/3906232/MPs-Act-now-on-immigration.html
^ ^a ^b Matlack, Carol (4 February 2010). "Berlusconi vs. Murdoch: Porn as a Pawn". BusinessWeek. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_07/b4166030281413.htm. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
^ Business, UK: BBC, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8327072.stmtext ^{[dead link]}
^ Shenon, Philip (23 August 1993), "Star TV Extends Murdoch's Reach", The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/23/business/the-media-business-star-tv-extends-murdoch-s-reach.html
^ ^a ^b ^c "How safe is the Murdoch empire?", The Irish Examiner, 9 July 2011, http://www.examiner.ie/business/business-features/how-safe-is-the-murdoch-empire-160545.html
^ ^a ^b ^c So where does Rupert Murdoch go from here?, , The Independent (UK), 31 July 2005, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/so-where-does-rupert-murdoch-go-from-here-500802.html
^ Pope Honors Rupert Murdoch, Roy Disney, Bob Hope – site of the Los Angeles Times
^ "Murdoch's companies published two novels by his then wife: Family Business (1988) and Coming to Terms (1991); both are widely regarded as vanity publications". WN.com. http://wn.com/Queensland_Department_of_Primary_Industries. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
^ "The Boy Who Wouldn't Be King". NY Mag. 19 September 2005. http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/media/features/14302/index6.html. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
^ Hofmeister, Sallie (30 July 2005), Murdoch's Heir Apparent Abruptly Resigns His Post, "LA Times", Los Angeles Times, http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jul/30/business/fi-murdoch30
^ ^a ^b Tweedie, Neil; Holehouse, Matthew (16 Jul 2011), "Phone hacking: Rupert Murdoch's media empire explodes", Daily Telegraph, UK: The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/phone-hacking/8641599/Phone-hacking-Rupert-Murdochs-media-empire-explodes.html
^ Greenslade, Roy (2 March 2011). "Another Murdoch joins the Time.". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/greenslade/2011/mar/02/rupert-murdoch-thetimes. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
^ "The sadness of Rupert Murdoch", The Economist, 4 August 2005, http://www.economist.com/node/4255447
^ ^a ^b ^c Harris, John (13 November 2008), "Inside the court of London's golden couple", The Guardian, UK, http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/nov/13/elisabeth-murdoch-matthew-freud-politics
^ Singh, Anita (4 September 2011), "Tony Blair is godfather to Rupert Murdoch's daughter", UK: The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/tony-blair/8740530/Tony-Blair-is-godfather-to-Rupert-Murdochs-daughter.html
^ Wife and Ex-Wife Now Shape News Corp.'s Fate, "New York Times", The New York Times, 2 August 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/02/business/media/02murdoch.html
^ Barnacle, Hugo (11 May 1996), "Maxwell vs Murdoch – the untold story", The Independent, UK, http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/maxwell-vs-murdoch--the-untold-story-1346669.html
^ Feirstein, Bruce (29 January 2008). "Bruce Feirstein: The Tao of Bond-Film Naming". Vanity Fair. http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2008/01/bruce-feirste-2.html.
^ MATHEWS, Jack (24 January 1997), Los Angeles Times, http://articles.latimes.com/1997-01-24/entertainment/ca-23063_1_fierce-creatures, retrieved 2 August 2011
^ Lucas, Michael P (1 June 1999), Los Angeles Times, http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jun/01/entertainment/ca-42906/2, retrieved 8 April 2010
^ Memmott, Mark (12 July 2004). "Another film joins the political debate today when Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism is unveiled in New York". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/2004-07-11-outfoxed_x.htm. Retrieved 12 July 2011. "'Outfoxed' accuses Fox of slanting the news. Outfoxed, which is being promoted by the liberal advocacy group MoveOn, charges that Fox News executives order their cable TV anchors, reporters and producers to slant the news to be pro-Republican and pro-Bush administration"
^ "Hacks". http://www.channel4.com/programmes/hacks. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
^ The World's Most Powerful People, Forbes.
^ Tunku Varadarajan, Nationalization and Necrophilia. Till death do us part. Chronicle of a Death, Newsweek, Apr 30, 2012

Notes [link]

Chenoweth, Neil (2001). Rupert Murdoch, the untold story of the world's greatest media wizard. New York: Random House.
Dover, Bruce. Rupert's Adventures in China: How Murdoch Lost A Fortune And Found A Wife (Mainstream Publishing).
Ellison, Sarah. War at the Wall Street Journal: Inside the Struggle To Control an American Business Empire, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010. ISBN 978-0-547-15243-1 (Also published as: War at The Wall Street Journal: How Rupert Murdoch Bought an American Icon, Melbourne, Text Publishing, 2010.)
Evans, Harold. Good Times, Bad Times, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983
Harcourt, Alison (2006). European Union Institutions and the Regulation of Media Markets. London, New York: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-6644-1.
McKnight, David. "Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation: A Media Institution with A Mission," Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Sept 2010, Vol. 30 Issue 3, pp 303–316
Page, Bruce (2003). The Murdoch Archipelago. Simon and Schuster UK.
Shawcross, William (1997). Murdoch: the making of a media empire. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Souchou, Yao (2000). House of Glass – Culture, Modernity, and the State in Southeast Asia. Bangkok: White Lotus.

External links [link]

Find more about Rupert Murdoch on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Images and media from Commons
	News stories from Wikinews
	Quotations from Wikiquote

Appearances on C-SPAN
Rupert Murdoch on Charlie Rose
Rupert Murdoch at the Internet Movie Database
Rupert Murdoch collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
Rupert Murdoch collected news and commentary at Bloomberg News
Rupert Murdoch collected news and commentary at The Economist
Rupert Murdoch collected news and commentary at The Guardian
Rupert Murdoch collected news and commentary at The New York Times
Rupert Murdoch collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
Works by or about Rupert Murdoch in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
Rupert Murdoch at the Notable Names Database
Profile at Forbes
Murdoch, Rupert (1931–) resources from Trove at the National Library of Australia
Bill Moyers on Rupert Murdoch, 29 June 2007
Arsenault, A & Castells, M. (2008) Rupert Murdoch and the Global Business of Media Politics. International Sociology. 23(4)
Rupert Murdoch's News Corp. Gives Big To GOP – audio report by NPR
Review of Bruce Page's "The Murdoch Archipelago", by Godfrey Hodgson. New Statesman

News Corporation

Percentages indicate percentage ownership

Corporate directors	Rupert Murdoch José María Aznar Natalie Bancroft Chase Carey David DeVoe Arthur Siskind Rod Eddington Andrew Knight James Murdoch Lachlan Murdoch Rod Paige Thomas Perkins Viet Dinh John L. Thornton

v t e Dow Jones & Company

National consumer products	All Things Digital Barron's Financial News FINS.com MarketWatch.com BigCharts VSE SmartMoney Vedomosti The Wall Street Journal The Wall Street Journal Asia The Wall Street Journal Europe Wall Street Journal Radio Network WSJ.

Dow Jones Local Media Group	Ashland Daily Tidings The Barnstable Patriot Cape Cod Times The Inquirer and Mirror Mail Tribune Pocono Record The Portsmouth Herald The Record The Standard-Times Times Herald-Record Hathaway Publishing Seacoast Media Group

Enterprise products	Factiva Dow Jones Newswires Dow Jones Indexes (10%)

Fox Entertainment Group

Fox Filmed Entertainment

20th Century Fox
20th Century Fox Animation
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
20th Century Fox Television
20th Television
Fox 21
Fox Star Studios
Blue Sky Studios
Fox Faith
Fox Searchlight Pictures
Fox Studios Australia
Fox Television Studios
Fox Music
Shine Group
- Dragonfly
- Friday TV
- Kudos
- Metronome
- Princess Productions
- Shine America
- Shine Limited

Fox Broadcasting Company

MyNetworkTV
Fox Kids (1990–2002)

Fox Television Stations

Fox Cable Networks

Fox News Network

Fox International Channels

Fox
- Asia
- Finland
- Germany
- India
- Italy
- Latin America
- Middle East
- Poland
- Portugal
- Spain
- Turkey
Fox Life
- Greece
- Italy
- Netherlands
FX
- Asia
- Australia
- Canada
- Greece
- Latin America
- Portugal
- UK
Fox Crime
- Asia
- Italy
Fox Movies
- Middle East
- Portugal
Fox Filipino¹¹
Fox Retro
Fox Sports
BabyTV
24Kitchen
Utilisima
Speed
tvN⁶
Fox Action Movies
Fox Family Movies
Fox Movies Premium
Fox Traveller
Cult
Viajar (Spain)
BemSimples
Voyage
MundoFox³
Premier Media Group (50%)

National Geographic International Channels (52%)⁴

National Geographic Channel Asia Germany Greece Scandinavia⁵ UK⁵ Nat Geo Wild⁴ Nat Geo Mundo⁴ National Geographic Adventure Nat Geo Music

STAR TV

STAR World India Philippines STAR Movies ESPN STAR Sports (50%)¹² ESPN Asia ESPNews Asia ESPNews India STAR Sports STAR Cricket STAR Plus UK Life OK Movies OK STAR Utsav STAR Gold STAR Vijay (81%) STAR Jalsha STAR Pravah Asianet Communications Limited (81%)¹³ Asianet Asianet Plus Asianet News Asianet Middle East Asianet Suvarna Asianet Suvarna News 24×7 Asianet Sitara Sitara News antv (20%)¹⁵ Channel [V] STAR Chinese Movies Xing Kong (47%)¹⁶ STAR Chinese Channel Phoenix Television (17.6%)¹⁴ Phoenix Chinese Channel Phoenix InfoNews Channel Phoenix Movies Channel Phoenix Hong Kong Channel Phoenix Chinese News and Entertainment Channel Phoenix North America Chinese Channel Broadcast Middle East (50%)¹⁷ Farsi1 Zemzemeh

Fox Sports International

Fox Pan American Sports (33%)⁷
- Fox Deportes
- Fox Sports Latinoamérica

News Corp. Digital Media

FoxSports.com
- Scout.com
- WhatIfSports
- Yardbarker
- IGN Entertainment
  - AskMen.com
  - GameScoop
  - GameSpy
  - GameStats
  - IGN
  - Planet Network
  - TeamXbox
- UGO Networks
  - 1UP.com
  - GameTab
- Vault Network

Investments

Big Ten Network (51%)⁸
Fox Telecolombia (51%) LAP TV (55%)
National Geographic Channel (70%) (Nat Geo Wild)⁴
Telecine (13%)⁹
STATS (50%)¹⁰ LAP TV

Other

Fox Mobile Entertainment

³ Owned with RCN TV
⁴ Owned with the National Geographic Society
⁵ Originally a joint venture with sister company British Sky Broadcasting (1997–2007)
⁶ Joint venture with Mnet Media
⁷ Owned with HM Capital Partners
⁸ Owned with Big Ten Conference
⁹ Owned with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, NBCUniversal, Viacom, and Liberty Global
¹⁰ Owned with Associated Press
¹¹ Partnership with GMA Network, Inc. and Associated Broadcasting Company (TV5)
¹² Joint venture with ESPN International
¹³ Joint venture with Jupiter Entertainment
¹⁴ Owned with China Mobile Hong Kong Company Limited, Today's Asia Ltd., China Wise International Ltd., and the public
¹⁵ Joint venture with PT Visi Media Asia Tbk.
¹⁶ Owned with China Media Capital
¹⁷ Owned with MOBY Group

v t e HarperCollins

USA	Amistad Avon Broadside Caedmon Ecco Greenwillow Harper Harper Perennial HarperOne I Can Read! It Joanna Cotler Katherine Tegan Laura Gerringer Morrow Newmarket Rayo Thomas Nelson Zondervan

UK	Collins Collins Bartholomew Fourth Estate The Friday Project Blue Door Thorsons/Element Voyager

Australia	Angus & Robertson

v t e News International

The Times The Sunday Times The Sun Times Literary Supplement

v t e News Limited

Metropolitan newspapers	The Australian Daily Telegraph Herald Sun / Sunday Herald Sun Courier Mail The Sunday Mail (Brisbane) The Advertiser The Sunday Times (Western Australia) The Mercury Northern Territory News mX

Community newspapers	Cumberland-Courier Community Newspapers (New South Wales) Leader Community Newspapers (Victoria) Quest Community Newspapers (Queensland) Messenger Newspapers (South Australia) Community Newspaper Group (Western Australia) Sun Newspapers (Northern Territory)

Regional newspapers	Geelong Advertiser The Gold Coast Bulletin The Cairns Post Townsville Bulletin

Sports	Brisbane Broncos (68.87%) Melbourne Storm National Rugby League (50%)

Other properties	Newspoll (50%) Papua New Guinea Post-Courier (63%) Premier Media Group (50%)

v t e Sky Italia

Channels	Sky Uno Sky Sport Sky Calcio Sky Cinema Sky Primafila Sky TG24 Sky Meteo24 Sky 3D Sky Radio

Defunct channels	SKY Vivo SKY Show

Joint ventures (Radio stations)	Sky Music 50 Songs Yesterjay '90 Yesterjay '80 Capital '70 Vintage '60 Rock Classic Rock Shock Soulsista Hit Italia ItalianVintage Livetime Heart 'n Song B-Side Ritmo Latino Dance Yesterday 2000 Jazz & Fusion Jazz Gold Soul Train Extrabeat Sinfonia Opera Cinema Deejay Baby Mix Disc Joker

See also	Sky HD (Italy) List of channels on Sky Italia

v t e STAR Group

India	Channel [V] STAR Gold STAR Jalsha STAR Movies Life OK Movies OK STAR Plus UK STAR Pravah STAR Utsav STAR World Asianet Communications (81%)¹³ Asianet Asianet News Asianet Plus Asianet Middle East Asianet Sitara Sitara News Asianet Suvarna Asianet Suvarna News 24×7 ESPN STAR Sports (50%)¹² ESPN Asia ESPNews Asia ESPNews India STAR Sports STAR Cricket Hathway (17%) STAR Vijay (81%) Tata Sky (30%)¹⁸

China	STAR World STAR Chinese Channel STAR Chinese Movies Xing Kong (47%)¹⁶ Channel [V] Phoenix Television (17.6%)¹⁴ Phoenix Chinese Channel Phoenix InfoNews Channel Phoenix Movies Channel Phoenix Hong Kong Channel Phoenix Chinese News and Entertainment Channel Phoenix North America Chinese Channel antv (20%)¹⁵ Fortune STAR

Star Select	Broadcast Middle East (50%)¹⁷ FARSI1 Zemzemeh Rotana (15%)

¹⁸ With Tata Group

US newspapers	The Daily New York Post Community Newspaper Group Bronx Times-Reporter The Brooklyn Paper Courier-Life Newspapers TimesLedger Newspapers

Satellite investments	BSkyB (39.1%) Foxtel (25%) Sky Deutschland (49.90%) Sky Network Television (44%)

Other assets	News America Marketing NDS (49%) News Outdoor STAR DEN (50%) Hulu¹ MySpace (5%)

¹ Joint venture with NBCUniversal and The Walt Disney Company.
Annual revenue $30.4 billion USD (17% FY 2009)
Employees 64,000
Stock symbols NYSE: NWS / NYSE: NWSA / ASX: NWS / LSE: NCRA

See also List of assets owned by News Corporation

2011–2012 News Corporation scandal

Events

Companies and
organisations

News Corporation	News International (News of the World The Sun The Times The Sunday Times) News Limited

Other	BSkyB Culture, Media and Sport Committee Federal Bureau of Investigation Harbottle & Lewis Independent Police Complaints Commission Metropolitan Police Ofcom Press Complaints Commission Serious Fraud Office Solicitors Regulation Authority

People

Alleged victims	7/7 attack victims Leslie Ash Gordon Brown Lee Chapman Charlotte Church Steve Coogan Anne Diamond Milly Dowler Garry Flitcroft Sheryl Gascoigne Hugh Grant Andy Gray Tessa Jowell Gerry and Kate McCann Elle Macpherson Sienna Miller Sara Payne John Prescott J. K. Rowling

Metropolitan Police	Sue Akers Peter Clarke Andy Hayman Paul Stephenson John Yates

News Corporation	Rebekah Brooks Jonathan Chapman Daniel Cloke Andy Coulson Tom Crone Wendi Deng Murdoch James Desborough Viet Dinh Ian Edmondson Clive Goodman Baron Grabiner Simon Greenberg Les Hinton Sean Hoare Lawrence Jacobs Joel Klein Stuart Kuttner William Lewis Paul McMullan Greg Miskiw Tom Mockridge Glenn Mulcaire James Murdoch Rupert Murdoch Colin Myler Lucy Panton Jamie Pyatt Jonathan Rees Neville Thurlbeck Neil Wallis James Weatherup

Other	Nick Davies Lord Fowler Lord Justice Leveson Jay Rockefeller Paul Staines Tom Watson John Whittingdale

Investigations
and legal cases

United Kingdom	HM Advocate v Sheridan and Sheridan Leveson Inquiry Operation Elveden Operation Kalmyk Operation Tuleta Operation Weeting

Other	Australia United States

Other

Category
Wikinews

v t e Business in Australia

Institutions	Australian Competition and Consumer Commission · Australian corporations law · Australian Prudential Regulation Authority · Australian Securities and Investments Commission · Australian Securities Exchange · S&P/ASX 20 · S&P/ASX 50 · S&P/ASX 200 · The Constitutional corporations power · Economy of Australia

Business associations	Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry · Australian Hotels Association · Australian Industry Group · Business Council of Australia · Minerals Council of Australia · National Farmers' Federation

Major companies	ANZ Bank · BHP Billiton · CSL Limited · Cochlear Limited · Commonwealth Bank · Fairfax Media · Holden · James Hardie · National Australia Bank · News Corporation · Qantas · QBE Insurance · Rio Tinto · Telstra · Wesfarmers · Westfield Group · Westpac · Woolworths

Corporate controversies and collapses	Ansett Australia · Bridgecorp Holdings · Firepower International · Great Southern Group · James Hardie asbestos controversy · Rodney Adler, Brad Cooper, Ray Williams and the collapse of HIH · Opes Prime · Pasminco becomes Zinifex · Poseidon bubble · Price fixing in the packaging industry · Rene Rivkin and the Offset Alpine fire · Jodee Rich and One.Tel · Christopher Skase · Storm Financial · WA Inc · Westpoint · Timbercorp

Notable individuals	Peter Abeles · Warren Anderson · Reg Ansett · Alan Bond · Janet Holmes à Court · Robert Holmes à Court · Andrew Forrest · Margaret Jackson · Gail Kelly · Frank Lowy · David Morgan · Hugh Morgan · Rupert Murdoch · Sidney Myer · Frank Packer · James Packer · Kerry Packer · Arvi Parbo · Gina Rinehart · Dick Smith · Kerry Stokes · Ziggy Switkowski · Harry Triguboff · Solomon Trujillo

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Playlist

Film Summary

Persondata
Name	Cameron, David
Alternative names	The Right Honourable David Cameron MP
Short description	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Date of birth	9 October 1966
Place of birth	Oxfordshire, England
Date of death
Place of death

Persondata
Name	Black, Rebecca
Alternative names
Short description	American singer
Date of birth	1997-06-21
Place of birth	Irvine, California, United States
Date of death
Place of death

Persondata
Name	Murdoch, Keith Rupert
Alternative names
Short description	Businessman
Date of birth	11 March 1931
Place of birth	Adelaide, Australia
Date of death
Place of death

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