- published: 25 Sep 2012
- views: 96609
- author: zeetamil
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
add
Loading...
Branches of Mathematics
Pure mathematics
Applied mathematics
- Dynamical systems and differential equations
- Mathematical physics
- Computing
- Information theory and signal processing
- Probability and statistics
- Game theory
- Operations research
Related Topics
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Linear Equations
- Applied Physics
- Nano Technology
- Engineering Sciences
- Mathematical Medicine
- Fluid dynamics
- Computational Mathematics
- Gamma Ray Optics
- Onfrared Optics
- Relative Velocity
- Iciam
- Intelligent Imaging Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience Research
- Quantum Cosmology
- Brain Research
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- 1120
- 1143
- 1180
- 1213
- 1218
- 1228
- 1275
- 1301
- 1435
- 1494
- 15
- 1501
- 1513
- 1534
- 1541
- 1545
- 1564
- 1583
- 1605
- 1621
- 1625
- 1645
- 1646
- 1664
- 1667
- 1674
- 1705
- 1707
- 1714
- 1717
- 1725
- 1732
- 1739
- 1742
- 1755
- 1780
- 1789
- 1796
- 1801
- 1802
- 1817
- 1829
- 1834
- 1841
- 1852
- 1853
- 1858
- 1859
- 1869
- 1870
- 1871
- 1877
- 1878
- 1880
- 1883
- 1884
- 1889
- 1890
- 1890 Manifesto
- 1892
- 1893
- 1894
- 1895
- 1896
- 1898
- 1899
- 1900
- 1904
- 1905
- 1906
- 1907
- 1909
- 1910
- 1911
- 1912
- 1913
- 1914
- 1917
- 1918
- 1919
- 1920
- 1921
- 1922
- 1923
- 1924
- 1925
- 1927
- 1929
- 1930
- 1931
- 1932
- 1933
- 1934
- 1935
- 1936
- 1937
- 1938
- 1939
- 1940
- 1941
- 1942
- 1944
- 1945
- 1946
- 1947
- 1948
- 1949
- 1950
- 1952
- 1954
- 1955
- 1956
- 1957
- 1958
- 1959
- 1960
- 1961
- 1962
- 1964
- 1965
- 1966
- 1968
- 1969
- 1971
- 1973
- 1974
- 1975
- 1976
- 1977
- 1978
- 1979
- 1980
- 1981
- 1982
- 1983
- 1984
- 1985
- 1986
- 1987
- 1988
- 1990
- 1991
- 1993
- 1994
- 1996
- 1998
- 2002
- 2003
- 2004
- 2005
- 2006
- 2007
- 2008
- 2009
- 2010
- 2012
- 366
- 60 Minutes
- 622
- 768
- A. P. Herbert
- Adolphe d'Archiac
- Adélard Godbout
- Agnes of Germany
- Aircraft carrier
- Airship
- Alan Colmes
- Alaungpaya
- Albert of Mainz
- Alexander Radishchev
- Alfredo Kraus
- Allen Bestwick
- Ally McCoist
- Amy Sky
- Andrew II of Hungary
- Andrzej Panufnik
- Angelo Muscat
- Anthony Newley
- Antoine-Louis Barye
- April
- April 1
- April 10
- April 11
- April 12
- April 13
- April 14
- April 15
- April 16
- April 17
- April 18
- April 19
- April 2
- April 20
- April 21
- April 22
- April 23
- April 24
- April 25
- April 26
- April 27
- April 28
- April 29
- April 3
- April 30
- April 4
- April 5
- April 6
- April 7
- April 8
- April 9
- Army Day
- Arthur Guinness
- Arthur W. Lehman
- Audra Lindley
- August
- August 1
- August 10
- August 11
- August 12
- August 13
- August 14
- August 15
- August 16
- August 17
- August 18
- August 19
- August 2
- August 20
- August 2012
- August 21
- August 22
- August 23
- August 24
- August 25
- August 26
- August 27
- August 28
- August 29
- August 3
- August 30
- August 31
- August 4
- August 5
- August 6
- August 7
- August 8
- August 9
- Aung San Suu Kyi
- Autar Singh Paintal
- B. R. Ambedkar
- Barcelona
- Battle of Shiroyama
- Beaumont, Texas
- Bede
- Ben Oakland
- Benedict Arnold
- Benjamin Romualdez
- Bernard Gilkey
- Bert I. Gordon
- Bill Connors
- Billy Bletcher
- Black Friday (1869)
- Blue moon
- British Army
- Brunei
- Bruno Pontecorvo
- Byzantine Emperor
- Byzantine Empire
- Cambodia
- Camp Nou
- Canada
- Carl Laemmle
- Carlos Almeida
- Casey Johnson
- Cavalier
- CBS
- Charles I of England
- Charles Leroux
- Charles Reisner
- Charles S. West
- Charles VI of France
- Chicago
- Chick Willis
- Church of England
- Clark Clifford
- CompuServe
- Containment
- Cornell MacNeil
- César Pedroso
- Dalits
- Daniele Bennati
- Day
- Dayton Allen
- Dean Canto
- December
- December 1
- December 10
- December 11
- December 12
- December 13
- December 14
- December 15
- December 16
- December 17
- December 18
- December 19
- December 2
- December 20
- December 21
- December 22
- December 23
- December 24
- December 25
- December 26
- December 27
- December 28
- December 29
- December 3
- December 30
- December 31
- December 4
- December 5
- December 6
- December 7
- December 8
- December 9
- DeVante Swing
- Diana Körner
- Dictatorship
- Dieter Hochheimer
- Dinner Impossible
- Dominique Michel
- Don Porter
- Douglas Kmiec
- Dr. Seuss
- Drew Gooden
- Duarte Lobo
- Dutch Republic
- Dwelling
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Earl W. Bascom
- Earle Cabell
- Eddie George
- Edward M. Lawson
- Edward Pilgrim
- Eighth Route Army
- Electronic mail
- England
- Eric Adjetey Anang
- Erik Hivju
- Ettore Bastianini
- Eugene Foss
- Europe
- F. Scott Fitzgerald
- Fairport Convention
- Fats Navarro
- Feast Day
- February
- February 1
- February 10
- February 11
- February 12
- February 13
- February 14
- February 15
- February 16
- February 17
- February 18
- February 19
- February 2
- February 20
- February 21
- February 22
- February 23
- February 24
- February 25
- February 26
- February 27
- February 28
- February 29
- February 3
- February 30
- February 31
- February 4
- February 5
- February 6
- February 7
- February 8
- February 9
- Fernanda Urrejola
- Fighter aircraft
- Flying ace
- Formula One
- Fotheringay
- France
- Frank Fahrenhorst
- Françoise Sagan
- Fábio Aurélio
- Garth Porter
- Gennady Yanayev
- George Elsey
- Georges Claude
- Georgios Georgiou
- Gerard Antoni Ciołek
- Gerard Sagredo
- German army
- Gerolamo Cardano
- Gerry Marsden
- Gertrude of Merania
- Gold
- Gordon Clapp
- Goya Toledo
- Great White
- Great White Spot
- Gregorian calendar
- Guinea-Bissau
- Guru Ram Das
- Gustave Garrigou
- Ham Fisher
- Hans Geiger
- Harry S. Truman
- Hasso von Manteuffel
- Henri Giffard
- Herb Jeffries
- Hermannus Contractus
- Hijra (Islam)
- Honda
- Hong Kong
- Hubie Brooks
- Hugo Schmeisser
- Hurricane Rita
- Ian Stuart Donaldson
- Ilkka Lipsanen
- Independence Day
- Indiction
- Isabeau of Bavaria
- Jack Costanzo
- Jack Dee
- James Meredith
- Janet Weiss
- January
- January 0
- January 1
- January 10
- January 11
- January 12
- January 13
- January 14
- January 15
- January 16
- January 17
- January 18
- January 19
- January 2
- January 20
- January 21
- January 22
- January 23
- January 24
- January 25
- January 26
- January 27
- January 28
- January 29
- January 3
- January 30
- January 31
- January 4
- January 5
- January 6
- January 7
- January 8
- January 9
- Jay Gould
- Jean Servais
- Jean-Louis Lully
- Jeff Karstens
- Jeff Moss
- Jenny Platt
- Jerry Donahue
- Jessica Lucas
- Jim Henson
- Jim McKay
- Johan de Witt
- Johann Matthias Hase
- John André
- John Arne Riise
- John Logan (writer)
- John Marshall
- John Rutter
- Josué de Castro
- Julius Klengel
- July
- July 1
- July 10
- July 11
- July 12
- July 13
- July 14
- July 15
- July 16
- July 17
- July 18
- July 19
- July 2
- July 20
- July 21
- July 22
- July 23
- July 24
- July 25
- July 26
- July 27
- July 28
- July 29
- July 3
- July 30
- July 31
- July 4
- July 5
- July 6
- July 7
- July 8
- July 9
- June
- June 1
- June 10
- June 11
- June 12
- June 13
- June 14
- June 15
- June 16
- June 17
- June 18
- June 19
- June 2
- June 20
- June 21
- June 22
- June 23
- June 24
- June 25
- June 26
- June 27
- June 28
- June 29
- June 3
- June 30
- June 4
- June 5
- June 6
- June 7
- June 8
- June 9
- Justin Bruening
- Józef Krupiński
- Karl Alzner
- Katja Kassin
- Kevin Millar
- Kevin Sorbo
- Kim Jong Min
- Konstantin Chernenko
- Kristina Wayborn
- Kyle Sullivan
- Kyle Turley
- La Mercè
- Lars Emil Johansen
- Leah Dizon
- Leap year
- Leonard Marsh
- Lev Schnirelmann
- Liam Finn
- Linda McCartney
- Lisa Matthews
- Little Rock Nine
- Los Van Van
- Lottie Dod
- Lou Dobbs
- Louis Edmonds
- Louisiana
- LRAD
- Luc Picard
- Lyle Bettger
- Mahidol
- Manfred Wörner
- Manuel I Komnenos
- Manuel Mendes
- March
- March 0
- March 1
- March 10
- March 11
- March 12
- March 13
- March 14
- March 15
- March 16
- March 17
- March 18
- March 19
- March 2
- March 20
- March 21
- March 22
- March 23
- March 24
- March 25
- March 26
- March 27
- March 28
- March 29
- March 3
- March 30
- March 31
- March 4
- March 5
- March 6
- March 7
- March 8
- March 9
- Mark Sandman
- Mars, Incorporated
- Maximiliano Uggè
- May
- May 1
- May 10
- May 11
- May 12
- May 13
- May 14
- May 15
- May 16
- May 17
- May 18
- May 19
- May 2
- May 20
- May 21
- May 22
- May 23
- May 24
- May 25
- May 26
- May 27
- May 28
- May 29
- May 3
- May 30
- May 31
- May 4
- May 5
- May 6
- May 7
- May 8
- May 9
- Mecca
- Medal of Honor
- Medina
- Megan Ward
- Mel Taylor
- Michael J. Varhola
- Michael S. Engel
- Mickey Vernon
- Mike Donlin
- Mike Gallay
- Mike Michalowicz
- Mike Parkes
- Mike Phelan
- Mike Webster
- Mohandas K. Gandhi
- Mohinder Amarnath
- Month
- Morgan Hamm
- Muhammad
- Myanmar
- Nelly Arcan
- New Amsterdam
- New Caledonia
- New England
- Nia Vardalos
- Niels Ryberg Finsen
- Nikos Sergianopoulos
- Nina Bocharova
- November
- November 1
- November 10
- November 11
- November 12
- November 13
- November 14
- November 15
- November 16
- November 17
- November 18
- November 19
- November 2
- November 20
- November 21
- November 22
- November 23
- November 24
- November 25
- November 26
- November 27
- November 28
- November 29
- November 3
- November 30
- November 4
- November 5
- November 6
- November 7
- November 8
- November 9
- October
- October 1
- October 10
- October 11
- October 12
- October 13
- October 14
- October 15
- October 16
- October 17
- October 18
- October 19
- October 2
- October 20
- October 2012
- October 21
- October 22
- October 23
- October 24
- October 25
- October 26
- October 27
- October 28
- October 29
- October 3
- October 30
- October 31
- October 4
- October 5
- October 6
- October 7
- October 8
- October 9
- Paracelsus
- Paris
- Patrick Gilmore
- Patsy Kelly
- Paul Hamm
- Paul Ray Smith
- Pedro I of Brazil
- Peru
- Peter Bellamy
- Peter Salisbury
- Petri Pasanen
- Phil Hartman
- Phil Latulippe
- Pippin III
- Pittsburgh
- Politician
- Poliziano
- Poona Pact
- Pope Innocent II
- Pope Liberius
- Portugal
- Quasi
- Quiet Riot
- Rafael Palmeiro
- Raffaele Farina
- Randy Foye
- Riccardo Illy
- Richard Bong
- Robert Irvine
- Rodeo
- Rodrick Rhodes
- Roman Emperor
- Roman Empire
- Rosalie Allen
- Rosamund Kwan
- Ross Mathews
- Rough Cutt
- Roundhead
- Ruhollah Khomeini
- Rupert of Salzburg
- Ryan Briscoe
- Sabrine Maui
- Sarah Knauss
- Sarawak
- Satsuma Rebellion
- Saturn
- Sean McCann (actor)
- Sean McNabb
- September
- September 1
- September 10
- September 11
- September 12
- September 13
- September 14
- September 15
- September 16
- September 17
- September 18
- September 19
- September 2
- September 20
- September 2002
- September 2003
- September 2004
- September 2005
- September 2006
- September 2007
- September 2008
- September 2009
- September 2010
- September 2011
- September 2012
- September 21
- September 22
- September 23
- September 24
- September 25
- September 26
- September 27
- September 28
- September 29
- September 3
- September 30
- September 4
- September 5
- September 6
- September 7
- September 8
- September 9
- Severo Ochoa
- Shamim Sarif
- Shawn Crahan
- Sheila MacRae
- Sherbet
- Siege of Przemyśl
- Sleater-Kinney
- Slipknot (band)
- Soviet
- Spencer Treat Clark
- Stacy Galina
- Stefan Molyneux
- Stefan Nemanjić
- Stephanie McMahon
- Steve Whitmire
- Sultan of Brunei
- Susan Atkins
- Swaziland
- Takis Loukanidis
- Taylor Eigsti
- Template Months
- Template talk Months
- Thailand
- The Hellecasters
- The Ventures
- The Verve
- Theo Paphitis
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Theresa Merritt
- Tod Howarth
- Tommy Armour
- Tommy Bond
- Trappes
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tyrone Maria
- U.S. President
- Ulysses S. Grant
- United Kingdom
- United Nations
- United States
- Uschi Obermaier
- Vincenzo da Filicaja
- Virgin of Mercy
- Vitellius
- Voula Zouboulaki
- Warren William
- West Point
- Wietse van Alten
- William A. MacCorkle
- William Dobell
- William So
- Winston Churchill
- Wolfgang Wolf
- World War I
- Wyoming
- Yangon
- Year
- Youssouf Togoïmi
- Yves Navarre
- Zeki Müren
- Adélard Godbout
- Agnes of Germany
- Alan Colmes
- Alaungpaya
- Albert of Mainz
- Alexander Radishchev
- Alfredo Kraus
- Allen Bestwick
- Ally McCoist
- Amy Sky
- Andrew II of Hungary
- Andrzej Panufnik
- Angelo Muscat
- Anthony Newley
- Arthur Guinness
- Audra Lindley
- Aung San Suu Kyi
- Autar Singh Paintal
- Bede
- Ben Oakland
- Benedict Arnold
- Benjamin Romualdez
- Bernard Gilkey
- Bill Connors
- Billy Bletcher
- Bruno Pontecorvo
- Carl Laemmle
- Carlos Almeida
- Casey Johnson
- Charles I of England
- Charles Leroux
- Charles Reisner
- Charles VI of France
- Chick Willis
- Clark Clifford
- Cornell MacNeil
- César Pedroso
- Daniele Bennati
- Dayton Allen
- Dean Canto
- DeVante Swing
- Diana Körner
- Dieter Hochheimer
- Dominique Michel
- Don Porter
- Douglas Kmiec
- Drew Gooden
- Duarte Lobo
- Earle Cabell
- Eddie George
- Edward Pilgrim
- Eric Adjetey Anang
- Erik Hivju
- Ettore Bastianini
- Eugene Foss
- Fats Navarro
- Fernanda Urrejola
- Frank Fahrenhorst
- Françoise Sagan
- Fábio Aurélio
- Garth Porter
- Gennady Yanayev
- George Elsey
- Georges Claude
- Georgios Georgiou
- Gerard Antoni Ciołek
- Gerard Sagredo
- Gerolamo Cardano
- Gerry Marsden
- Gertrude of Merania
- Gordon Clapp
- Goya Toledo
- Guru Ram Das
- Gustave Garrigou
- Ham Fisher
- Hans Geiger
- Hasso von Manteuffel
- Henri Giffard
- Herb Jeffries
- Hubie Brooks
- Hugo Schmeisser
- Ian Stuart Donaldson
- Ilkka Lipsanen
- Isabeau of Bavaria
- Jack Costanzo
- Jack Dee
- James Meredith
- Janet Weiss
- Jay Gould
- Jean Servais
- Jeff Karstens
- Jeff Moss
- Jenny Platt
- Jerry Donahue
- Jessica Lucas
- Jim Henson
- Jim McKay
- Johan de Witt
- Johann Matthias Hase
- John André
- John Arne Riise
- John Marshall
- John Rutter
- Josué de Castro
- Julius Klengel
- Justin Bruening
- Józef Krupiński
- Karl Alzner
- Katja Kassin
- Kevin Millar
- Kevin Sorbo
- Kim Jong Min
- Konstantin Chernenko
- Kristina Wayborn
- Kyle Sullivan
- Kyle Turley
- Lars Emil Johansen
- Leah Dizon
- Leonard Marsh
- Lev Schnirelmann
- Liam Finn
- Linda McCartney
- Lottie Dod
- Lou Dobbs
- Louis Edmonds
- Luc Picard
- Lyle Bettger
- Manfred Wörner
- Manuel I Komnenos
- Manuel Mendes
- Mark Sandman
- Maximiliano Uggè
- Megan Ward
- Mel Taylor
- Mickey Vernon
- Mike Donlin
- Mike Gallay
- Mike Michalowicz
- Mike Parkes
- Mike Phelan
- Mike Webster
- Mohinder Amarnath
- Morgan Hamm
- Muhammad
- Nelly Arcan
- Nia Vardalos
- Niels Ryberg Finsen
- Nikos Sergianopoulos
- Nina Bocharova
- Paracelsus
- Patrick Gilmore
- Patsy Kelly
- Paul Hamm
- Paul Ray Smith
- Pedro I of Brazil
- Peter Bellamy
- Peter Salisbury
- Petri Pasanen
- Phil Hartman
- Phil Latulippe
- Poliziano
- Pope Innocent II
- Pope Liberius
- Rafael Palmeiro
- Raffaele Farina
- Randy Foye
- Riccardo Illy
- Richard Bong
- Robert Irvine
- Rodrick Rhodes
- Roman Emperor
- Rosalie Allen
- Rosamund Kwan
- Ross Mathews
- Ruhollah Khomeini
- Rupert of Salzburg
- Ryan Briscoe
- Sabrine Maui
- Sarah Knauss
- Sean McNabb
- Severo Ochoa
- Shamim Sarif
- Shawn Crahan
- Sheila MacRae
- Spencer Treat Clark
- Stacy Galina
- Stefan Molyneux
- Stephanie McMahon
- Steve Whitmire
- Susan Atkins
- Takis Loukanidis
- Taylor Eigsti
- Theo Paphitis
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Theresa Merritt
- Tod Howarth
- Tommy Armour
- Tommy Bond
- Tyrone Maria
- Uschi Obermaier
- Vincenzo da Filicaja
- Vitellius
- Voula Zouboulaki
- Warren William
- Wietse van Alten
- William Dobell
- William So
- Winston Churchill
- Wolfgang Wolf
- World War I
- Youssouf Togoïmi
- Yves Navarre
- Zeki Müren
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Solvathellam Unmai September 24 '2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 40:42
- Updated: 12 Apr 2013
Sollvathellam Unnmai is a fiery, action packed reality talk show. The program deals with interpersonal problems, real life stories, family courts, stories of...
http://wn.com/Solvathellam_Unmai_September_24_'2012
Sollvathellam Unnmai is a fiery, action packed reality talk show. The program deals with interpersonal problems, real life stories, family courts, stories of...
Breaking News September 24, 2011 - Libya
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:32
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
The Women's Committee of Libya in Sabha, Sirte, Bani Walid and in other cities said that women have taken up arms to expel the invaders from Libya. More than...
http://wn.com/Breaking_News_September_24,_2011_Libya
The Women's Committee of Libya in Sabha, Sirte, Bani Walid and in other cities said that women have taken up arms to expel the invaders from Libya. More than...
- published: 25 Sep 2011
- views: 4743
- author: AfriSynergy
Best New Trap/Dubstep Mix 2012 September #24
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:53
- Updated: 11 Apr 2013
The Iniquitous Sessions: Episode 24 (Trap/Dubstep) Tune in every Wednesday & Sunday for a new episode!! [TRACK LIST BELOW] Download Free: http://bit.ly/14H1c...
http://wn.com/Best_New_Trap_Dubstep_Mix_2012_September_24
The Iniquitous Sessions: Episode 24 (Trap/Dubstep) Tune in every Wednesday & Sunday for a new episode!! [TRACK LIST BELOW] Download Free: http://bit.ly/14H1c...
- published: 26 Sep 2012
- views: 91452
- author: TheIniquitousSession
President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad: Rule of Law - September 24, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:39
- Updated: 29 Mar 2013
President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad: Rule of Law - September 24, 2012 Member States Part 1, General Assembly, 3rd plenary meeting. 24 Sep 2012 - High-level...
http://wn.com/President_of_Iran_Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad_Rule_of_Law_September_24,_2012
President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad: Rule of Law - September 24, 2012 Member States Part 1, General Assembly, 3rd plenary meeting. 24 Sep 2012 - High-level...
- published: 25 Sep 2012
- views: 30502
- author: mikenagoya
FSU Football Press Conference - September 24
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 46:20
- Updated: 26 Sep 2012
Courtesy of http://www.seminoles.com: Hear from head coach Jimbo Fisher and QB EJ Manuel in Monday's press conference.
http://wn.com/FSU_Football_Press_Conference_September_24
Courtesy of http://www.seminoles.com: Hear from head coach Jimbo Fisher and QB EJ Manuel in Monday's press conference.
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- author: flstateseminoles
The Muppet Show: S2 E2 with Rich Little (September 24, 1977)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:29
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/The_Muppet_Show_S2_E2_with_Rich_Little_September_24,_1977
Morning News: September 24
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
The day's top headlines with Derek Taylor.
http://wn.com/Morning_News_September_24
ASP Weeky Pulse - Monday, September 24, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
The ASP Weekly Pulse gives you the current rundown on all the happenings from the world's best surfers. This week's installment covers Kelly Slater's history...
http://wn.com/ASP_Weeky_Pulse_Monday,_September_24,_2012
The ASP Weekly Pulse gives you the current rundown on all the happenings from the world's best surfers. This week's installment covers Kelly Slater's history...
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 8869
- author: ASPWorldTour
Trailer - Efterklang - Piramida - New Album - Released September 24/25 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
Piramida, Efterklang's 4th album is out now on CD, LP, DL & Streaming. Order of vinyl & CD via http://www.efterklang.net Concert Tour Schedule available at h...
http://wn.com/Trailer_Efterklang_Piramida_New_Album_Released_September_24_25_2012
Piramida, Efterklang's 4th album is out now on CD, LP, DL & Streaming. Order of vinyl & CD via http://www.efterklang.net Concert Tour Schedule available at h...
- published: 26 Jun 2012
- views: 92788
- author: Rumraket
Gerald Celente - USA Watchdog.com - September 24, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:50
- Updated: 01 Mar 2013
Gerald Celente of the Trends Journal believes the world is being taken to war because the world economy ". . . is collapsing. It's collapsing in front of our...
http://wn.com/Gerald_Celente_USA_Watchdogcom_September_24,_2012
Gerald Celente of the Trends Journal believes the world is being taken to war because the world economy ". . . is collapsing. It's collapsing in front of our...
- published: 25 Sep 2012
- views: 15731
- author: trendsjournal
Benjamin Fulford September 24 2012 - United States of America Corporation fiscal year ends this week
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:47
- Updated: 21 Mar 2013
The United States of America Corporation (as opposed to the Republic of the United States), based in the Vatican-like independent city state of Washington D....
http://wn.com/Benjamin_Fulford_September_24_2012_United_States_of_America_Corporation_fiscal_year_ends_this_week
The United States of America Corporation (as opposed to the Republic of the United States), based in the Vatican-like independent city state of Washington D....
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 6626
- author: Timecrosser1
Top 10 Plays in High School Football - September 24, 2012 Edition on iBN Sports
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 21 Mar 2013
HS Primetime features the top 10 plays in football for week 5: #10- Byrnes (SC) QB Shuler Bentley 25 yd TD to Tavin Richardson (Boiling Springs Bulldogs @ By...
http://wn.com/Top_10_Plays_in_High_School_Football_September_24,_2012_Edition_on_iBN_Sports
HS Primetime features the top 10 plays in football for week 5: #10- Byrnes (SC) QB Shuler Bentley 25 yd TD to Tavin Richardson (Boiling Springs Bulldogs @ By...
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 13143
- author: ibnsportsnetwork
Chill Dubstep Mix 2012 September #23
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 61:31
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
The Iniquitous Sessions: Episode 23 ( trap/dubstep/liquid ) Tune in every Wednesday & Sunday for a new episode!! (Track List below) Download Free: (With Scra...
http://wn.com/Chill_Dubstep_Mix_2012_September_23
The Iniquitous Sessions: Episode 23 ( trap/dubstep/liquid ) Tune in every Wednesday & Sunday for a new episode!! (Track List below) Download Free: (With Scra...
- published: 21 Sep 2012
- views: 218977
- author: TheIniquitousSession
Fev. 24: NEW WORLDWIDE Jewish Prayer for MASHIACH on PURIM, at 17h00 YOUR local time (5:00pm)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:52
- Updated: 01 Apr 2013
Congratulations! We prayed all together one more time on Purim:the most powerful day for prayers, on the most powerful moment (Purim meal) in the most powerf...
http://wn.com/Fev_24_NEW_WORLDWIDE_Jewish_Prayer_for_MASHIACH_on_PURIM,_at_17h00_YOUR_local_time_500pm
Congratulations! We prayed all together one more time on Purim:the most powerful day for prayers, on the most powerful moment (Purim meal) in the most powerf...
- published: 08 Sep 2012
- views: 173382
- author: AllJewsAsOne
Nebraska vs Wyoming September 24, 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:30
- Updated: 26 Feb 2013
Kyler Reed and Tyler Legate take stock as the non-conference schedule comes to an end and highlights from Nebraska's win over Wyoming on Sept 24, 2011.
http://wn.com/Nebraska_vs_Wyoming_September_24,_2011
Kyler Reed and Tyler Legate take stock as the non-conference schedule comes to an end and highlights from Nebraska's win over Wyoming on Sept 24, 2011.
- published: 25 Sep 2011
- views: 9291
- author: HuskerAthletics
Pro Wrestling Report Primetime TV - September 24, 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:41
- Updated: 24 Mar 2013
Get MORE at http://www.pwrshow.com and please RATE & COMMENT on this episode! This week we dig deeper into our Hurricane Helms Interview, discuss WWE Night o...
http://wn.com/Pro_Wrestling_Report_Primetime_TV_September_24,_2010
Get MORE at http://www.pwrshow.com and please RATE & COMMENT on this episode! This week we dig deeper into our Hurricane Helms Interview, discuss WWE Night o...
- published: 25 Sep 2010
- views: 7386
- author: maxsports
Webmaster Central office-hours, September 24, 2012 (b)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:21
- Updated: 24 Sep 2012
A recording of a Google Webmaster Central English office-hours hangout. These hangouts are run regularly in a number of languages. Find out more at https://s...
http://wn.com/Webmaster_Central_office-hours,_September_24,_2012_b
A recording of a Google Webmaster Central English office-hours hangout. These hangouts are run regularly in a number of languages. Find out more at https://s...
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- author: John Mueller
ESAT Yesamintu Engida Tamagne Beyene 24 September 2012 Ethiopia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 73:12
- Updated: 12 Apr 2013
http://www.ethsat.com - Ethiopian Satellite Television (ESAT) ESAT is the first independent Ethiopian Satellite Television service and Radio Station who broa...
http://wn.com/ESAT_Yesamintu_Engida_Tamagne_Beyene_24_September_2012_Ethiopia
http://www.ethsat.com - Ethiopian Satellite Television (ESAT) ESAT is the first independent Ethiopian Satellite Television service and Radio Station who broa...
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 53467
- author: ESATelevision
Outfits of the Week: September 24-28
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
Please 'LIKE' if you enjoy these! ♡ Thank you for watching! My beauty & fashion blog: http://www.beautybaby44.com Check out Sigma, my favorite brushes: http:...
http://wn.com/Outfits_of_the_Week_September_24-28
Please 'LIKE' if you enjoy these! ♡ Thank you for watching! My beauty & fashion blog: http://www.beautybaby44.com Check out Sigma, my favorite brushes: http:...
- published: 01 Oct 2012
- views: 172724
- author: beautybaby44
Nicki Minaj on The View 2012 - Monday September 24
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:08
- Updated: 12 Apr 2013
Nicki Minaj on The View on Monday September 24th 2012 I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING IN THIS VIDEO. ALL RIGHTS GO TO THE "abc" NETWORK AND "THE VIEW"
http://wn.com/Nicki_Minaj_on_The_View_2012_Monday_September_24
Nicki Minaj on The View on Monday September 24th 2012 I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING IN THIS VIDEO. ALL RIGHTS GO TO THE "abc" NETWORK AND "THE VIEW"
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 24803
- author: 12TT21
Webmaster Central office-hours, September 24, 2012 (a)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:06
- Updated: 24 Sep 2012
A recording of a Google Webmaster Central English office-hours hangout. These hangouts are run regularly in a number of languages. Find out more at https://s...
http://wn.com/Webmaster_Central_office-hours,_September_24,_2012_a
A recording of a Google Webmaster Central English office-hours hangout. These hangouts are run regularly in a number of languages. Find out more at https://s...
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- author: John Mueller
11 september 2001. SVT 24. Första Nyhetssändningen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:15
- Updated: 08 Apr 2013
SVT24. 9/11. kl 15.25 Första Nyhetssändningen.
http://wn.com/11_september_2001_SVT_24_Första_Nyhetssändningen
SVT24. 9/11. kl 15.25 Första Nyhetssändningen.
- published: 08 Sep 2011
- views: 63295
- author: Menorenodutt
The events of the September 24 walkout at UC Berkeley
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
A comprehensive video detailing the events of the September 24 walkout at UC Berkeley. Students, faculty, and staff were protesting the number of budget cuts...
http://wn.com/The_events_of_the_September_24_walkout_at_UC_Berkeley
A comprehensive video detailing the events of the September 24 walkout at UC Berkeley. Students, faculty, and staff were protesting the number of budget cuts...
- published: 25 Sep 2009
- views: 895
- author: thedailycal
photo: US DoS
13 Apr 2013
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry delivers remarks to U.S. embassy staff at a "Meet and Greet" session shortly before leaving Seoul April 13, 2013. REUTERS/Paul J. Richards/Pool. U.S ... "China will work with other relevant parties, including the United States, to play a constructive role in promoting the six-party talks and balanced implementation of the goals set out in the September 19 joint statement of 2005." ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)
photo: Public Domain / Lionlmi
13 Apr 2013
FIRDIA LISNAWATI= BALI, Indonesia (AP) — A Lion Air plane carrying more than 100 passengers and crew overshot a runway on the Indonesian resort island of Bali on Saturday and crashed into the sea, injuring nearly two dozen people, officials said ... Lion inked a $24 billion deal last month to buy 234 Airbus planes, the biggest order ever for the French aircraft maker ... --- ... Sign up for guardian.co.uk today ... Last 24 hours. Last 24 hours....(size: 2.8Kb)
photo: UN / Eskinder Debebe
12 Apr 2013
BARACK Obama urged North Korea to end its "belligerent approach", as a US military intelligence assessment suggested Pyongyang could place a nuclear warhead on a missile. The dire warning from Washington about the North's nuclear capabilities, revealed by a US politican, came as all eyes were on Pyongyang, which was widely expected to soon launch a missile and trigger a new cycle of tension ... 1 man of conviction and will" ... AFP. ....(size: 5.0Kb)
The Times of India
13 Apr 2013
JALANDHAR ... In January 2003, almost nine months after the Supreme Court had confirmed the death sentence of Bhullar in March 2002, Badal had met then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and home minister LK Advani to plead that Bhullar be saved from the noose ... "The benefit of bringing a resolution is only if it can be passed," Badal had said on September 24, 2011, in Jalandhar while answering queries on the issue ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)
Huffington Post
13 Apr 2013
Mike De Butts adds the finishing touches to a giant Baobab Tree sculpture entitled 'Under the Baobab', outside the Southbank Centre on May 24, 2012 in London, England ... Competitors race in the 12-hour Lawn Mower Endurance Race on September 24, 2011 in Billingshurst, England ... The exhibition will start on September 1 , 2011, with over 100,000 pumkins in 400 different varieties.Cable Car High Wire....(size: 20.7Kb)
Huffington Post
13 Apr 2013
<strong>September 24, 2008</strong> – Arias was <a href=""http.//www.clipsyndicate.com/video/play/702858/local_murder_suspect_reveals_shocking_new_details_on_nat_l_tv"" target="_hplink">interviewed by the TV show "Inside Edition"</a> and said publicly for the first time that she was present when Alexander was attacked by two intruders.Key Dates In The Jodi Arias Case....(size: 37.9Kb)
The Examiner
12 Apr 2013
Twitter may be launching their new music app during the 2013 Coachella Valley Art and Music Festival.Twitter co-founder Biz Stone, seen here reading tweets submitted to Project Imagination on September 24, 2012 in San Francisco, will probably use Twitter's new music app.Twitter may be launching their new music app during the 2013 Coachella ......(size: 3.4Kb)
The Inquisitr
12 Apr 2013
Posted. April 11, 2013. Former Walking Dead showrunner Glen Mazzara has been tapped to write the prequel to The Shining. Warner Bros. is looking to capitalize on the sudden resurgence of movie by putting together a prequel to the film. The Overlook Hotel will reportedly take place before the events which transpired in Stephen King’s classic story ... The book will be released on September 24 ... Amazon describes the book as follows. ... Movies....(size: 2.6Kb)
Canberra Times
12 Apr 2013
Quade Cooper (right) is out of Robbie Deans' prospective squad for the blockbuster three-Test series. Photo ... It appears Cooper, who has returned to good form on re-establishing his combination with Wallabies half-back Will Genia at the Reds, is still paying the price for criticism of a ''toxic'' Wallabies environment last September. But the 24-year-old believed there were no lingering problems in his relationship with Deans ... AAP. ....(size: 2.6Kb)
Huffington Post
12 Apr 2013
<strong>September 24, 2008</strong> – Arias was <a href=""http.//www.clipsyndicate.com/video/play/702858/local_murder_suspect_reveals_shocking_new_details_on_nat_l_tv"" target="_hplink">interviewed by the TV show "Inside Edition"</a> and said publicly for the first time that she was present when Alexander was attacked by two intruders.Key Dates In The Jodi Arias Case....(size: 37.9Kb)
Huffington Post
12 Apr 2013
<strong>September 24, 2008</strong> – Arias was <a href=""http.//www.clipsyndicate.com/video/play/702858/local_murder_suspect_reveals_shocking_new_details_on_nat_l_tv"" target="_hplink">interviewed by the TV show "Inside Edition"</a> and said publicly for the first time that she was present when Alexander was attacked by two intruders.Key Dates In The Jodi Arias Case....(size: 47.3Kb)
The News & Observer
11 Apr 2013
Cecil Omar Post, 59, of Raleigh died Monday, April 8, 2013. Mr. Post was born on September 24, 1953 in Clarksburg, WV to Russell Duane Post, Jr. and Christine Elizabeth Cain Post ... ....(size: 0.9Kb)
Canberra Times
11 Apr 2013
AAP ... It appears Cooper, who has returned to good form on re-establishing his combination with Wallabies halfback Will Genia at the Reds, is still paying the price for criticism of a "toxic" Wallabies environment last September. But the 24-year-old believed there were no lingering problems in his relationship with Deans, who will assemble his players for strategy meetings as well as promotional and administrative tasks ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
Canberra Times
11 Apr 2013
Cooper. Photo ... It appears Cooper, who has returned to good form on re-establishing his combination with Wallabies halfback Will Genia at the Reds, is still paying the price for criticism of a "toxic" Wallabies environment last September. But the 24-year-old believed there were no lingering problems in his relationship with Deans, who will assemble his players for strategy meetings as well as promotional and administrative tasks ... AAP. ....(size: 2.8Kb)
Huffington Post
11 Apr 2013
Mike De Butts adds the finishing touches to a giant Baobab Tree sculpture entitled 'Under the Baobab', outside the Southbank Centre on May 24, 2012 in London, England ... Competitors race in the 12-hour Lawn Mower Endurance Race on September 24, 2011 in Billingshurst, England ... The exhibition will start on September 1 , 2011, with over 100,000 pumkins in 400 different varieties.Cable Car High Wire....(size: 21.3Kb)
Huffington Post
10 Apr 2013
Manning's 400th TD - September 9, 2012. Randy Moss' Return - September 9, 2012. Griffin's First TD - September 9, 2012. Akers Ties Record - September 9, 2012. Reed's Record-Breaking Pick - September 10, 2012. Packers Fake FG - September 13, 2012. Celek Takes Flight - September 16, 2012. Bucs Disregard Knee - September 16, 2012. Pac-Man's Big Run - September 16, 2012 ... The Infamous Fail Mary - September 24, 2012....(size: 5.1Kb)
| << | September 2012 | >> | ||||
| Su | Mo | Tu | We | Th | Fr | Sa |
| 1 | ||||||
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
| 30 | ||||||
| MMXII | ||||||
| September 24 in recent years |
| 2011 (Saturday) |
| 2010 (Friday) |
| 2009 (Thursday) |
| 2008 (Wednesday) |
| 2007 (Monday) |
| 2006 (Sunday) |
| 2005 (Saturday) |
| 2004 (Friday) |
| 2003 (Wednesday) |
| 2002 (Tuesday) |
September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 98 days remaining until the end of the year.
Contents |
Events[link]
- 622 – Prophet Muhammad completes his hijra from Mecca to Medina.
- 1180 – Manuel I Komnenos, last Emperor of the Komnenian restoration dies. The Byzantine Empire slips into terminal decline.
- 1645 – Battle of Rowton Heath, Parliamentarian victory over a Royalist army commanded in person by King Charles
- 1664 – The Dutch Republic surrenders New Amsterdam to England.
- 1674 – Second Tantrik Coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
- 1780 – Benedict Arnold flees to British Army lines when the arrest of British Major John André exposes Arnold's plot to surrender West Point.
- 1789 – The United States Congress passes the Judiciary Act which creates the office of the United States Attorney General and the federal judiciary system, and orders the composition of the Supreme Court of the United States.
- 1841 – The Sultan of Brunei cedes Sarawak to the United Kingdom.
- 1852 – The first airship powered by (a steam) engine, created by Henri Giffard, travels 17 miles (27 km) from Paris to Trappes.
- 1853 – Admiral Despointes formally takes possession of New Caledonia in the name of France.
- 1869 – "Black Friday": Gold prices plummet after Ulysses S. Grant orders the Treasury to sell large quantities of gold after Jay Gould and James Fisk plot to control the market.
- 1877 – Battle of Shiroyama, decisive victory of the Imperial Japanese Army over the Satsuma Rebellion
- 1890 – The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints officially renounces polygamy.
- 1906 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt proclaims Devils Tower in Wyoming as the nation's first National Monument.
- 1914 – World War I: The Siege of Przemyśl (present-day Poland) begins.
- 1932 – Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar agree to the Poona Pact, which reserved seats in the Indian provincial legislatures for the "Depressed Classes" (Untouchables).
- 1935 – Earl Bascom and Weldon Bascom produce the first rodeo ever held outdoors under electric lights at Columbia, Mississippi
- 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Eighth Route Army gains a minor, but morale-boosting victory in the Battle of Pingxingguan.
- 1946 – Cathay Pacific Airways is founded in Hong Kong.
- 1946 – Clark Clifford and George Elsey, military advisers to U.S. President Harry S. Truman, present him with a top-secret report on the Soviet Union that first recommends the containment policy.
- 1948 – The Honda Motor Company is founded.
- 1950 – Forest fires black out the sun over portions of Canada and New England. A blue moon is seen as far away as Europe.
- 1957 – Camp Nou, the largest stadium in Europe, is opened in Barcelona.
- 1957 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends 101st Airborne Division troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to enforce desegregation.
- 1960 – USS Enterprise (CVN-65), the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, is launched.
- 1962 – United States court of appeals orders the University of Mississippi to admit James Meredith.
- 1968 – 60 Minutes debuts on CBS.
- 1968 – Swaziland joins the United Nations.
- 1973 – Guinea-Bissau declares its independence from Portugal.
- 1979 – Compu-Serve launches the first consumer internet service, which features the first public electronic mail service.
- 1988 – National League for Democracy is formed by Aung San Suu Kyi and various others to help fight against dictatorship in Myanmar.
- 1990 – Periodic Great White Spot is observed on Saturn.
- 1996 – Representatives of 71 nations sign the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the United Nations.
- 2005 – Hurricane Rita makes landfall in the United States, devastating Beaumont, Texas and portions of southwestern Louisiana.
- 2007 – Between 30,000 and 100,000 people take part in anti-government protests in Yangon, Burma, the largest in 20 years.
- 2008 – The Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago is topped off at 1,389 feet (423 m), at the time becoming the world's highest residence above ground-level.
- 2009 – The G20 summit begins in Pittsburgh with 30 global leaders in attendance. It marks the first use of LRAD in U.S. history.
Births[link]
- 15 – Vitellius, Roman Emperor (d. 69)
- 1301 – Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford, English soldier (d. 1372)
- 1501 – Gerolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician (d. 1576)
- 1513 – Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg, Queen of Sweden (d. 1535)
- 1534 – Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru (d. 1581)
- 1564 – William Adams, British navigator (d. 1620)
- 1583 – Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general (d. 1634)
- 1625 – Johan de Witt, Dutch politician (d. 1672)
- 1667 – Jean-Louis Lully, French musician and composer (d. 1688)
- 1705 – Leopold Josef Graf Daun, Austrian field marshal (d. 1766)
- 1714 – Alaungpaya, King of Burma (d. 1760)
- 1717 – Horace Walpole, British novelist and politician (d. 1797)
- 1725 – Sir Arthur Guinness, Irish brewer (d. 1803)
- 1739 – Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin, Russian statesman (d. 1791)
- 1755 – John Marshall, 4th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1835)
- 1796 – Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (d. 1875)
- 1801 – Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky, Ukrainian scientist (d. 1862)
- 1802 – Adolphe d'Archiac, French paleontologist and geologist (d. 1868)
- 1817 – Ramón de Campoamor y Campoosorio, Spanish poet and philosopher (d. 1901)
- 1829 – Charles S. West, Texas jurist and politician (d. 1885)
- 1858 – Eugene Foss, 45th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1939)
- 1859 – Julius Klengel, cellist and composer (d. 1933)
- 1870 – Georges Claude, French chemist and inventor (d. 1960)
- 1871 – Lottie Dod, English athlete (d. 1960)
- 1878 – Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz, Swiss writer (d. 1947)
- 1880 – Sarah Knauss, Oldest lived American to date (d. 1999)
- 1883 – Franklin Clarence Mars, Founder of Mars, Incorporated (d. 1934)
- 1884 – Gustave Garrigou, French cyclist (d. 1963)
- 1884 – Hugo Schmeisser, German weapons designer (d. 1953)
- 1890 – Mike González, baseball player (d. 1977)
- 1890 – A. P. Herbert, British humorist, barrister, novelist (d. 1971)
- 1892 – Adélard Godbout, premier of Québec (d. 1956)
- 1893 – Blind Lemon Jefferson, blues singer and guitarist from Texas (d. 1929)
- 1894 – Tommy Armour, Anglo-American golfer (d. 1968)
- 1894 – Billy Bletcher, American actor, comedian and voice actor (d. 1979)
- 1895 – André Frédéric Cournand, French Nobel Laureate (d. 1988)
- 1896 – F. Scott Fitzgerald, American novelist (d. 1940)
- 1898 – Howard Walter Florey, Nobel Laureate (d. 1968)
- 1899 – Sir William Dobell, Australian portrait artist (d. 1970)
- 1900 – Ham Fisher, American cartoonist (d. 1955)
- 1900 – Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian Islamic religious leader and politician (d. 1989)
- 1905 – Severo Ochoa, Nobel Laureate (d. 1993)
- 1906 – Leonard Marsh, Canadian social scientist and professor (d. 1982)
- 1907 – Ben Oakland, American composer, lyricist and pianist (d. 1979)
- 1909 – Gerard Ciołek, Polish architect (d. 1966)
- 1910 – Jean Servais, Belgian actor (d. 1976)
- 1911 – Konstantin Chernenko, Soviet premier (d. 1985)
- 1912 – Don Porter, American actor (d. 1997)
- 1913 – Herb Jeffries, American jazz singer
- 1914 – Sir John Kerr, 18th Governor-General of Australia (d. 1991)
- 1914 – Andrzej Panufnik, Polish composer, pianist, and conductor (d. 1991)
- 1917 – Arthur W. Lehman, American euphonium soloist (d. 2009)
- 1918 – Audra Lindley, American actress (d. 1997)
- 1919 – Dayton Allen, American actor and comedian (d. 2004)
- 1920 – Richard Bong, American ace fighter pilot and Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1945)
- 1921 – Jim McKay, American sportscaster (d. 2008)
- 1922 – Jack Costanzo, American percussionist
- 1922 – Ettore Bastianini, Italian opera singer
- 1922 – Bert I. Gordon, American film director
- 1922 – Cornell MacNeil, American operatic baritone
- 1923 – Louis Edmonds, American actor (d. 2001)
- 1923 – Fats Navarro, American jazz trumpet player (d. 1950)
- 1924 – Nina Bocharova, Soviet gymnast
- 1924 – Theresa Merritt, American actress (d. 1998)
- 1924 – Sheila MacRae, singer & actress
- 1924 – Voula Zouboulaki, Greek actress
- 1925 – Autar Singh Paintal, Indian medical scientist (d. 2004)
- 1927 – Alfredo Kraus, Spanish tenor (d. 1999)
- 1929 – John Carter (jazz musician), American jazz clarinet, saxophone, and flute player (d. 1991)
- 1929 – Edward M. Lawson, Canadian politician
- 1930 – Józef Krupiński, Polish poet (d. 1998)
- 1930 – Angelo Muscat, Maltese actor (d. 1977)
- 1930 – John W. Young, American astronaut
- 1930 – Benjamin Romualdez, Filipino politician (d. 2012)
- 1931 – Anthony Newley, British actor and singer (d. 1999)
- 1931 – Mike Parkes, British Formula One driver (d. 1977)
- 1932 – Dominique Michel, Canadian comedian
- 1933 – Raffaele Farina, Archivist of the Roman Catholic Church and cardinal
- 1933 – Mel Taylor, American musician (The Ventures) (d. 1996)
- 1934 – Tommy Anderson, Scottish footballer
- 1934 – John Brunner, British author (d. 1995)
- 1934 – Chick Willis, American blues singer
- 1934 – Manfred Wörner, German politician and diplomat (d. 1994)
- 1935 – Sean McCann, Canadian actor
- 1936 – Jim Henson, American puppeteer (d. 1990)
- 1937 – Takis Loukanidis, Greek footballer
- 1938 – Steve Douglas (saxophonist), American saxophonist, flautist and clarinetist (d. 1993)
- 1939 – Wayne Henderson (musician), jazz trombonist and record producer
- 1940 – Yves Navarre, French writer (d. 1994)
- 1941 – Linda McCartney, American singer and photographer (d. 1998)
- 1941 – John Mackey, football player
- 1942 – Ilkka "Danny" Lipsanen, Finnish singer
- 1942 – Gerry Marsden, English singer (Gerry & The Pacemakers)
- 1944 – Diana Körner, German actress
- 1945 – Lou Dobbs, American journalist and television anchor
- 1945 – John Rutter, British composer, conductor, editor, arranger and record producer
- 1946 – "Mean" Joe Greene, American football player
- 1946 – Lars Emil Johansen, Prime Minister of Greenland
- 1946 – Jerry Donahue, American guitarist and producer, member of Fotheringay, Fairport Convention and The Hellecasters
- 1946 – César Pedroso, Cuban pianist with Orquesta Revé and Los Van Van
- 1946 – Uschi Obermaier, German model and actress
- 1947 – Erik Hivju, Norwegian actor
- 1948 – Gordon Clapp, American actor
- 1948 – Phil Hartman, Canadian actor (d. 1998)
- 1948 – Garth Porter, Australian musician, songwriter and record producer, member of pop group Sherbet
- 1949 – Bill Connors, American jazz musician
- 1950 – Alan Colmes, American talk show host
- 1950 – Mohinder Amarnath, Indian cricketer
- 1950 – Kristina Wayborn, Swedish actress
- 1951 – Douglas Kmiec, American legal scholar
- 1952 – Dieter Hochheimer, German footballer
- 1952 – Mark Sandman, American musician (d. 1999)
- 1952 – Nikos Sergianopoulos, Greek actor (d. 2008)
- 1954 – Lilian Mercedes Letona, Salvadoran guerrilla (d. 1983)
- 1955 – Riccardo Illy, Italian politician
- 1956 – Hubie Brooks, American baseball player
- 1957 – Tod Howarth, American rock musician
- 1957 – Wolfgang Wolf, German footballer and manager
- 1958 – Kevin Sorbo, American actor
- 1959 – Theo Paphitis, Cyprus-born British entrepreneur
- 1959 – Steve Whitmire, American puppeteer and voice actor
- 1960 – Amy Sky, Canadian singer-songwriter, record producer, theatre actress, and television host
- 1961 – Allen Bestwick, NASCAR broadcaster
- 1961 – John Logan, American screenwriter
- 1961 – Luc Picard, Canadian writer
- 1961 – Jack Dee, British comedian
- 1962 – Rosamund Kwan, Hong Kong actress
- 1962 – Ally McCoist, Scottish footballer
- 1962 – Mike Phelan, English footballer
- 1962 – Nia Vardalos, Canadian actress
- 1964 – Rafael Palmeiro, Cuban-born baseball player
- 1965 – Robert Irvine, English celebrity chef (Dinner: Impossible, Worst Cooks in America, Restaurant Impossible)
- 1965 – Sean McNabb, American bassist (Quiet Riot, Great White, Rough Cutt, House of Lords)
- 1965 – Janet Weiss, American drummer (Sleater-Kinney, Quasi, Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks)
- 1966 – Stacy Galina, American actress
- 1966 – Bernard Gilkey, American baseball player
- 1966 – Stefan Molyneux, Canadian philosopher
- 1966 – Michael J. Varhola, American author
- 1967 – William So, Hong Kong Singer
- 1969 – Shawn Crahan, American musician (Slipknot)
- 1969 – Shamim Sarif, English novelist and filmmaker
- 1969 – Paul Ray Smith, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2003)
- 1969 – DeVante Swing, American music producer
- 1969 – Goya Toledo, Spanish actress and model
- 1969 – Megan Ward, American actress
- 1969 – Lisa Matthews, American model
- 1971 – Michael S. Engel, American paleontologist and entomologist
- 1971 – Mike Michalowicz, American author and entrepreneur
- 1971 – Kevin Millar, American baseball player
- 1971 – Peter Salisbury, English drummer (The Verve)
- 1973 – Eddie George, American football player
- 1973 – Rodrick Rhodes, American basketball player
- 1974 – John McDonald, American baseball player
- 1975 – Mike Gallay, Canadian comedian and filmmaker
- 1975 – Kyle Turley, American football player
- 1976 – Carlos Almeida, Angolan basketball player
- 1976 – Georgios Georgiou, Greek footballer
- 1976 – Stephanie McMahon, American professional wrestler
- 1977 – Frank Fahrenhorst, German footballer
- 1978 – Wietse van Alten, Dutch archer
- 1979 – Fábio Aurélio, Brazilian footballer
- 1979 – Justin Bruening, American actor
- 1979 – Katja Kassin, German pornographic actress
- 1979 – Kim Jong Min, Korean singer
- 1979 – Jenny Platt, English Actress
- 1979 – Ross Mathews, American television personality and comedian
- 1979 – Casey Johnson, American heiress and socialite (d. 2010)
- 1980 – Daniele Bennati, Italian road racing cyclist
- 1980 – Dean Canto, Australian racing driver
- 1980 – Sabrine Maui, Filipino pornographic actress
- 1980 – Petri Pasanen, Finnish footballer
- 1980 – John Arne Riise, Norwegian footballer
- 1981 – Ryan Briscoe, Australian racing driver
- 1981 – Drew Gooden, American basketball player
- 1981 – Fernanda Urrejola, Chilean actress
- 1982 – Morgan Hamm, American gymnast
- 1982 – Paul Hamm, American gymnast
- 1982 – Jeff Karstens, American baseball player
- 1983 – Randy Foye, American basketball player
- 1983 – Liam Finn, New Zealand musician and songwriter
- 1984 – Tyrone Maria, Curaçao footballer
- 1984 – Taylor Eigsti, American jazz pianist and composer
- 1985 – Eric Adjetey Anang, Ghanaian artist
- 1985 – Jessica Lucas, Canadian actress
- 1986 – Leah Dizon, American model and singer
- 1987 – Spencer Treat Clark, American actor
- 1988 – Karl Alzner, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1988 – Kyle Sullivan, American actor
- 1991 – Maximiliano Uggè, Italian footballer
Deaths[link]
- 366 – Pope Liberius
- 768 – Pippin the Short, King of the Franks (b. 714)
- 1054 – Hermannus Contractus, scholar (b. 1013)
- 1120 – Welf II, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1072)
- 1143 – Agnes of Germany, daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1072)
- 1143 – Pope Innocent II
- 1180 – Manuel I Komnenos, Greek Byzantine Emperor (b. 1118)
- 1213 – Gertrude of Merania, wife of Andrew II of Hungary (murdered) (b. 1185)
- 1218 – Robert of Knaresborough, hermit (b. 1160)
- 1228 – Stefan Nemanjić, Serbian King (b. 1165)
- 1275 – Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, Constable of England (b. 1208)
- 1435 – Isabeau of Bavaria, wife of Charles VI of France (b. c.1370)
- 1494 – Poliziano, Italian humanist (b. 1454)
- 1541 – Paracelsus, Swiss alchemist (b. 1493)
- 1545 – Albert of Mainz, archbishop and elector of Mainz (b. 1490)
- 1605 – Manuel Mendes, Portuguese composer (b. c.1547)
- 1621 – Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, Polish military commander (b. 1560)
- 1646 – Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (b. c.1565)
- 1707 – Vincenzo da Filicaja, Italian poet (b. 1642)
- 1732 – Emperor Reigen of Japan (b. 1654)
- 1742 – Johann Matthias Hase, German scientist (b. 1684)
- 1802 – Alexander Radishchev, Russian writer (b. 1749)
- 1834 – Pedro I of Brazil, Emperor of Brazil (b. 1798)
- 1889 – Charles Leroux, American balloonist and parachutist (b. 1856)
- 1892 – Patrick Gilmore, Irish-American composer (b. 1829)
- 1896 – Louis De Geer, 1st Swedish Prime Minister (b. 1818)
- 1904 – Niels Ryberg Finsen, Danish physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1860)
- 1929 – Prince Mahidol of the Kingdom of Thailand (b. 1892)
- 1930 – William A. MacCorkle, Governor of West Virginia (b. 1857)
- 1933 – Mike Donlin, American baseball player (b. 1878)
- 1933 – Alice Muriel Williamson, British novelist (b. 1869)
- 1936 – József Klekl, Slovene writer and journalist (b. 1879)
- 1938 – Lev Schnirelmann, Russian mathematician (b. 1900)
- 1939 – Carl Laemmle, German-born American film producer (b. 1867)
- 1945 – Hans Geiger, German physicist (b. 1882)
- 1948 – Warren William, American actor (b. 1894)
- 1950 – Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1863)
- 1954 – Edward Pilgrim, British suicide hastened by bureaucracy (b. 1904)
- 1962 – Charles Reisner, American silent actor and film director (b. 1887)
- 1973 – Josué de Castro, Brazilian writer, physician, geographer and activist against hunger (b. 1908)
- 1975 – Earle Cabell, Texas politician (b. 1906)
- 1978 – Hasso von Manteuffel, German army general and politician (b. 1897)
- 1981 – Patsy Kelly, American actress (b. 1910)
- 1982 – Sarah Churchill, British actress and the daughter of Winston Churchill (b. 1914)
- 1984 – Neil Hamilton, American actor (b. 1899)
- 1991 – Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss), American children's writer (b. 1904)
- 1991 – Peter Bellamy, British folk singer (b. 1944)
- 1993 – Bruno Pontecorvo, Italian physicist (b. 1913)
- 1993 – Ian Stuart Donaldson, British musician (b. 1957)
- 1994 – Barry Bishop, American mountaineer (b. 1932)
- 1996 – Zeki Müren, Turkish musician (b. 1931)
- 1998 – Jeff Moss, American composer, lyricist, playwright and television writer (b. 1942)
- 2002 – Youssouf Togoïmi, Chadian rebel (b. 1953)
- 2002 – Mike Webster, American football player (b. 1952)
- 2003 – Rosalie Allen, American singer and disc jockey (b. 1924)
- 2003 – Lyle Bettger, American actor (b. 1915)
- 2004 – Françoise Sagan, French writer (b. 1935)
- 2005 – Tommy Bond, American actor (b. 1926)
- 2006 – Michael Ferguson, Irish politician (b. 1953)
- 2006 – Phil Latulippe, Canadian soldier and athlete (b. 1909)
- 2008 – Mickey Vernon, American baseball player (b. 1918)
- 2009 – Nelly Arcan, Canadian novelist (b. 1975)
- 2009 – Susan Atkins, American murderer (b. 1948)
- 2010 – Gennady Yanayev, Soviet politician (b. 1937)
Holidays and observances[link]
- Christian Feast Day:
- Gerard Sagredo
- Our Lady of Mercy and its related observances:
- Our Lady of Walsingham (Church of England)
- Rupert of Salzburg
- September 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
- Constitution Day (Cambodia)
- Heritage Day (South Africa).
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Guinea-Bissau from Portugal in 1973.
- Mahidol Day (Thailand)
- New Caledonia Day (New Caledonia)
- Peruvian Armed Forces Day (Peru)
- Republic Day (Trinidad and Tobago)
- Start of the indiction year (Late Roman Empire; at least since the time of Bede)
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: September 24 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/September_24
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_24
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| President of Iran |
|
|---|---|
 Emblem of Iran |
|
| Residence | Sa'dabad Palace |
| Appointer | Popularly Elected |
| Term length | Four years renewable once |
| Inaugural holder | Abulhassan Banisadr |
| Formation | 4 February 1980 |
| Website | www.president.ir |
| Iran |
This article is part of the series: |
|
|
|
Constitution
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Elections
Political parties
|
|
Other countries · Atlas Politics portal |
The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in, and the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran; although subordinate to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state. According to the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran the president is responsible for the "functions of the executive", such as signing treaties, agreements etc. with other countries and international organizations; the national planning and budget and state employment affairs; appointing ministers, governors, and ambassadors subject to the approval of the parliament.[1]
Unlike some other countries, for example the United States, in Iran the office of president does not bestow full control over foreign policy, the armed forces, or the nuclear policy of the Iranian state, which are ultimately under the control of the Supreme Leader.[2]
The President of Iran is elected for a four-year term by the direct vote of the people and may not serve for more than two consecutive terms.
The President of Iran is the only President of a state that is not Head of State.
The current President of Iran is Mahmoud Ahmadinejad since the 2005 Iranian presidential election. He was re-elected after the disputed 2009 Iranian presidential election.
Contents |
Background[link]
1st and 2nd Presidents of Iran
Banisadr, the first president
Rajai, the second president
After the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and referendum to create the Islamic Republic on March 29 and 30, the new government needed to craft a new constitution. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, ordered an election for the Assembly of Experts, the body tasked with writing the constitution.[3] The assembly presented the constitution on October 24, 1979, and Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini and Prime Minister Mehdi Bazargan approved it.
The 1979 Constitution designated the Supreme Leader as the head of state and the President and Prime Minister as the heads of government. The post of Prime Minister was abolished in 1989.
The first Iranian presidential election was held on January 25, 1980 and resulted in the election of Abulhassan Banisadr with 76% of the votes. Banisadr was impeached on June 22, 1981 by Parliament. Until the early election on July 24, 1981, the duties of the President were undertaken by the Provisional Presidential Council. Mohammad-Ali Rajai was elected President on July 24, 1981 and took office on August 2. Rajai was in office for less than one month because he and his prime minister were both assassinated. Once again a Provisional Presidential Council filled the office until October 13, 1981 when Ali Khamenei was elected president.
Ali Khamenei, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Mohammad Khatami and current president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad were each elected president for two terms.
Qualifications and election[link]
The President of Iran is elected for a four year term in a national election by universal adult suffrage for everyone of at least 18 years of age.[4] Candidates for the presidency must be approved by the 12-member Council of Guardians. Half of the Council's members are appointed by the Supreme Leader and are intended to preserve the values of the Islamic Republic. According to the constitution of Iran candidates for the presidency must possess the following qualifications:
- Iranian origin;
- Iranian nationality;
- administrative capacity and resourcefulness;
- a good past record;
- trustworthiness and piety; and
- convinced belief in the fundamental principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the official madhhab of the country.[5]
Within these guidelines the Council vetoes candidates who are deemed unacceptable. The approval process is considered to be a check on the president's power, and usually amounts to a small number of candidates being approved. In the 1997 election, for example, only four out of 238 presidential candidates were approved by the council. Western observers have routinely criticized the approvals process as a way for the Council and Supreme Leader to ensure that only conservative and like-minded Islamic fundamentalists can win office. However, the council rejects the criticism, citing approval of reformists in previous elections. The council rejects most of the candidates stating that they are not "a well-known political figure", a requirement by the current law. The President must be elected with a simple majority of the popular vote. A runoff election may be required to achieve this. The President serves for a term of four years and is eligible for a second term.
Presidential council[link]
According to the Iranian constitution, when the President dies or is impeached, a special provisional Presidential Council temporarily rules in his place until an election can be held. The President automatically becomes the Head of the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution and the Head of the Supreme Council of National Security.
Powers and responsibilities[link]
- Head of Government and Cabinet
- Head of the Council of National Security
- Head of the Council of Cultural Revolution
- Sends and receives all foreign ambassadors
- Selection of Vice Presidents
Oath of office[link]
- I, as the President, upon the Holy Qur'an and in the presence of the Iranian nation, do hereby swear in the name of Almighty God to safeguard the official Faith, the system of the Islamic republic and the Constitution of the country; to use all my talents and abilities in the discharge of responsibilities undertaken by me; to devote myself to the service of the people, glory of the country, promotion of religion and morality, support of right and propagation of justice; to refrain from being autocratic; to protect the freedom and dignity of individuals and the rights of the Nation recognized by the Constitution; to spare no efforts in safeguarding the frontiers and the political, economic and cultural freedoms of the country; to guard the power entrusted to me by the Nation as a sacred trust like an honest and faithful trustee, by seeking help from God and following the example of the Prophet of Islam and the sacred Imams, peace be upon them, and to entrust it to the one elected by the Nation after me.
Last election[link]
Iran's tenth presidential election was held on 12 June 2009,[6][7] with incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad running against three challengers. The next morning the Islamic Republic News Agency, Iran's official news agency, announced that with two-thirds of the votes counted, Ahmadinejad had won the election with 62% of the votes cast,[8] and that Mir-Hossein Mousavi had received 34% of the votes cast.[9][10] The European Union,[11] the United Kingdom[12] the United States, and several western countries expressed concern over alleged irregularities during the vote,[11] and many analysts and journalists from the United States, Europe and other western based media voiced doubts about the authenticity of the results.[13][14][15][16] Meanwhile many OIC member states, as well as Russia, China, India, and Brazil, have congratulated Ahmadinejad on his victory.
Mousavi issued a statement saying, "I'm warning that I won't surrender to this charade," and urged his supporters to fight the decision, without committing acts of violence.[14] Protests, in favour of Mousavi and against the alleged fraud, broke out in Tehran. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei urged the nation to unite behind Ahmadinejad, labeling his victory as a "divine assessment".[17] Mousavi lodged an official appeal against the result to the Guardian Council on 14 June.[18] On 15 June, Khamenei announced there would be an investigation into vote-rigging claims, which would take seven to ten days.[19] On 16 June, the Guardian Council announced it will recount the votes. However, Mousavi stated that 14 million unused ballots were missing, giving a chance to manipulate the results.[20] On 29 June, Iran's electoral board completed the partial recount, and concluded that Ahmadinejad won the election, amidst protest from the opposition.[21]
The President of Iran is the highest official elected by direct popular vote, but does not control foreign policy or the armed forces. Candidates have to be vetted by the Guardian Council, a twelve member body consisting of six clerics (selected by Iran's Supreme Leader) and six lawyers (proposed by the head of Iran's judicial system and voted in by the Parliament).[22]
The inauguration of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was held on 5 August in Tehran amid protests held outside the Parliament.[23]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alliance of Builders | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (inc.) | 24,527,516 | 62.63% | |||
| Green Movement | Mir-Hossein Mousavi | 13,216,411 | 33.75% | |||
| Moderation and Development | Mohsen Rezaee | 678,240 | 1.73% | |||
| National Trust | Mehdi Karroubi | 333,635 | 0.85% | |||
| Valid votes | 38,755,802 | 98.95% | ||||
| Blank or invalid votes | 409,389 | 1.05% | ||||
| Totals | 39,165,191 | 100.00% | ||||
| Voter turnout | 85% | |||||
| Sources: Ministry of Interior of Iran[24] | ||||||
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Iran - Constitution Chapter IX, section 1 & 2 of the constitution
- ^ Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Accessed 5-23-2008, (see also Article 110 of the constitution)
- ^ "Assembly of Experts". http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iran/experts.htm. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
- ^ http://www.ilna.ir/shownews.asp?code=385408&code1=15
- ^ Constitution of Iran Article 115 - Qualifications
- ^ "Iran To Hold Presidential Election In June 2009" (Reuters). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 7 September 2008. http://www.rferl.org/content/Iran_To_Hold_Presidential_Election_In_June_2009/1196953.html. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad Wins Landslide". Iran Daily. 13 June 2009. http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3423/html/. Retrieved 13 June 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Ahmadinejad 'set for Iran victory'". Al Jazeera English. 13 June 2009. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/06/2009612195749149733.html. Retrieved 13 June 2009. ""Doctor Ahmadinejad, by getting a majority of the votes, has become the definite winner of the 10th presidential election," the news agency said."
- ^ Worth, Robert F.; Fathi, Nazila (13 June 2009). "Both Sides Claim Victory in Presidential Election in Iran". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/13/world/middleeast/13iran.html. Retrieved 13 June 2009. ""The election commission said early Saturday morning that, with 78 percent of the votes counted, Mr. Ahmadinejad had won 65 percent and Mr. Mousavi had 32 percent, Reuters reported.""
- ^ "Ahmadinejad wins Iran presidential election". BBC News. 13 June 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8098305.stm. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- ^ a b Colin Freeman; David Blair (14 June 2009). "Defeated Iranian reformist Mir-Hossein Mousavi calls for more protest against Mahmoud Ahmadinejad". The Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/5533782/Defeated-Iranian-reformist-Mir-Hossein-Mousavi-calls-for-more-protest-against-Mahmoud-Ahmadinejad.html. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
- ^ Gordon Brown comments on situation in Iran – Tuesday 16 June, British Embassy, Washington 16-06-2009
- ^ "Official: Obama Administration Skeptical of Iran's Election Results". Fox News. 13 June 2009. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/06/13/official-obama-administration-skeptical-irans-election-results/. Retrieved 13 June 2009. [dead link]
- ^ a b "Ahmadinejad defiant on 'free' Iran poll". BBC News. 13 June 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8099115.stm. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- ^ Freeman, Colin (12 June 2009). "Iran elections: revolt as crowds protest at Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's 'rigged' victory". Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/5526721/Iran-elections-revolt-as-crowds-protest-at-Mahmoud-Ahmadinejads-rigged-victory.html. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
- ^ "Instant View: Iran's election result staggers analysts". Reuters. 9 February 2009. http://www.reuters.com/article/newsMaps/idUSTRE55C0W620090613. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- ^ "Election Battles Turn Into Street Fights in Iran". ABC News. 13 June 2009. http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=7830630. Retrieved 13 June 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Crowds join Ahmadinejad victory rally". BBC News. 14 June 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8099501.stm. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
- ^ Ian Black; Vikram Dodd; Matthew Weaver (15 June 2009). "Iranians march in protest at Ahmadinejad re-election". Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jun/15/iran-opposition-rally-banned-mousavi. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ Octavia Nasr; Reza Sayah; Samson Desta (16 June 2009). "Rival demonstrations fill Tehran streets". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/16/iran.elections.protests/index.html. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad victory confirmed in Iran". BBC. 29 June 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8125619.stm. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
- ^ Bazzi, Mohamad (12 June 2009). "Iran Elections: Latest News". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2009/06/12/DI2009061202321.html. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad sworn in as Iran president amid crisis". Associated Press. http://www.sfexaminer.com/world/52524657.html. Retrieved 5 August 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "نتایج نهایی دهمین دورهٔ انتخابات ریاست جمهوری" (in Persian). Ministry of Interior of Iran. 2009-06-13. http://moi.ir/Portal/Home/ShowPage.aspx?Object=News&CategoryID=832a711b-95fe-4505-8aa3-38f5e17309c9&LayoutID=dd8faff4-f71b-4c65-9aef-a1b6d0160be3&ID=5e30ab89-e376-434b-813f-8c22255158e1. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
External links[link]
- The President's Office
- Iran's Presidential Office of Scientific and Industrial Studies
- Ahmadinejad's blog
- Iran Electoral Archive - President
|
|||||||
|
|||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | President Of Iran |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 4 February 1980 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/President_of_Iran
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Iran
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Mahmoud Ahmadinejad محمود احمدینژاد |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| 6th President of Iran | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 3 August 2005 |
|
| Vice President | Parviz Davoodi Mohammad-Reza Rahimi |
| Supreme Leader | Ali Khamenei |
| Preceded by | Mohammad Khatami |
| Mayor of Tehran | |
| In office 20 June 2003 – 3 August 2005 |
|
| Deputy | Ali Saeedlou |
| Preceded by | Mohammad-Hassan Malekmadani |
| Succeeded by | Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf |
| Governor of Ardabil | |
| In office 1 May 1993 – 28 June 1997 |
|
| Preceded by | Hossein Taheri (East Azerbaijan) |
| Succeeded by | Javad Negarandeh |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1956-10-28) 28 October 1956 (age 55) Aradan, Iran |
| Political party | Alliance of Builders (2003–present) |
| Other political affiliations |
Islamic Society of Engineers (1990–2005) |
| Spouse(s) | Azam Farahi (1981–present)[1] |
| Children | Mehdi Alireza Fatemeh |
| Residence | Sa'dabad Palace (Official) Gisha (Private) |
| Alma mater | Iran University of Science and Technology |
| Profession | Civil engineer |
| Religion | Usuli Twelver Shia Islam |
| Signature |  |
| Website | Official website |
 |
This article contains Persian text, written from right to left with some letters joined. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined letters written left-to-right, instead of right-to-left or other symbols instead of Persian script. |
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Persian: محمود احمدینژاد, Mahmūd Ahmadinezhād [mæhˈmuːd(-e) æhmædiːneˈʒɒːd] (
listen),[2][3][4] English: /ɑːkməˈdɪnɨʒɒd/; born 28 October 1956[5][6]) is the sixth and current President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalition of conservative political groups in the country. An engineer and teacher from a poor background,[7] Ahmadinejad joined the Office for Strengthening Unity[8] after the Islamic Revolution. Appointed a provincial governor, he was removed after the election of President Mohammad Khatami and returned to teaching.[9] Tehran's council elected him mayor in 2003.[10] He took a religious hard line, reversing reforms of previous moderate mayors.[11] His 2005 presidential campaign, supported by the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, garnered 62% of the runoff election votes, and he became President on 3 August 2005.[12][13] His second presidency term ends on August 3, 2013. He is not eligible to run for another term under the current Iranian constitution.
Ahmadinejad is a controversial figure both within Iran and internationally. He has been criticized domestically for his economic lapses and disregard for human rights. He launched a gas rationing plan in 2007 to reduce the country's fuel consumption, and cut the interest rates that private and public banking facilities could charge.[14][15][16] He supports Iran's nuclear energy program. His election to a second term in 2009 was widely disputed[17][18] and caused widespread protests domestically and drew significant international criticism.[19]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Ahmadinejad was born near Garmsar in the village of Aradan, in Semnan province. His father, Ahmad, was an ironworker, grocer, barber, blacksmith and religious Shi'a who taught the Qur'an.[20] His mother, Khanom, was a Seyyede, an honorific title given to those believed to be direct bloodline descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[20] Ahmadinejad's father changed his name from "Saborjhian"[21] or "Sabaghian"[22] when Ahmadinejad was four years old to avoid discrimination when the family moved to Tehran, as the rural name indicated a lowly social standing. Sabor is Persian for thread painter,[23] a once common occupation within the Semnan carpet industry. Ahmadinejad was chosen as it means from the race of Ahmad, one of the names given to Muhammad.
In 1976, Ahmadinejad took Iran's national university entrance contests. According to his autobiography, he was ranked 132nd out of 400,000 participants that year,[24] and soon enrolled in the Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) as an undergraduate student of civil engineering. He earned his PhD (1997) in transportation engineering and planning from Iran University of Science and Technology, located at Tehran, when he was the Mayor of Ardabil Province, located at the north-west of the country.
Supporters of Ahmadinejad consider him a "simple man" who leads a "modest" life.[25] As president, he wanted to continue living in the same house in Tehran his family had been living in, until his security advisers insisted that he move. Ahmadinejad had the antique Persian carpets in the Presidential palace sent to a carpet museum, and opted instead to use inexpensive carpets. He is said to have refused the V.I.P. seat on the Presidential plane, and that he eventually replaced it with a cargo plane instead.[9][26] Also upon gaining Iran's presidency, Ahmadinejad held his first cabinet meeting in the Imam Reza shrine at Mashhad, an act perceived as "pious".[27]
Administrative and academic careers[link]
Some details of Ahmadinejad's life during the 1980s are not publicly known, but it is known that he held a number of administrative posts in the province of West Azerbaijan, Iran.[9]
Many reports say that after Saddam Hussein invaded Iran, Ahmadinejad joined the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution[10] and served in their intelligence and security apparatus,[10] but his advisor Mojtaba Samareh Hashemi says "He has never been a member or an official member of the Revolutionary Guards", having been a Basiji-like volunteer instead.[28]
Ahmadinejad was accepted to a Master of Science program at his alma mater in 1986. He joined the faculty there as a lecturer in 1989,[7][29] and in 1997 received his doctorate in civil engineering and traffic transportation planning.[7][10]
Embassy siege[link]
Main article: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and the 1979 hostage crisis
Shortly after being elected president, some western media outlets published claims that Ahmadinejad was among the students who stormed the US embassy in Tehran, sparking the Iran hostage crisis. This claim has been denied by the Iranian government, the Iranian opposition as well as a CIA investigation on the matter.
Early political career[link]
After the Islamic Revolution, Ahmadinejad became a member of the Office for Strengthening Unity,[8] an organization developed to prevent students from sympathizing or allying with the budding Mojahedin-e Khalq.[8]
He first took political office as unelected governor to both Maku and Khoy in West Azarbaijan Province during the 1980s.[10] He eventually became an advisor to the governor general of Kurdistan Province for two years.[7][29] During his doctoral studies at Tehran, he was appointed governor general of Ardabil Province from 1993 until Mohammad Khatami removed him in 1997 [29] when he returned to teaching.[10]
Mayor of Tehran[link]
In 2003, a 12 percent turnout elected conservative candidates from the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran to the City Council of Tehran.[7] The Council appointed Ahmadinejad mayor.[10]
As mayor, he reversed changes made by previous moderate and reformist mayors. He put religious emphasis on the activities of cultural centres they had founded, publicised the separation of elevators for men and women in the municipality offices,[11] and suggested that people killed in the Iran–Iraq War be buried in major city squares of Tehran. He also worked to improve the traffic system and put an emphasis on charity, such as distributing free soup to the poor.
After his election to the presidency, Ahmadinejad's resignation as the Mayor of Tehran was accepted on 28 June 2005. After two years as mayor, Ahmadinejad was one of 65 finalists for World Mayor in 2005, selected from 550 nominees, only nine of them from Asia.[30] He was among three strong candidates for the top ten list, but his resignation made him ineligible.[30]
Presidency[link]
Further information: Government of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005–present)
2005 campaign[link]
Ahmadinejad was not widely known when he entered the presidential election campaign as he had never run for office before, (he had only been mayor of Tehran for two years and had been appointed not elected[31]), although he had already made his mark in Tehran for rolling back earlier reforms. He was/is a member of the Central Council of the Islamic Society of Engineers, but his key political support is inside the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran (Abadgaran or Developers).[32] He was also helped by support from supreme leader Ali Khamenei, who some described Ahmadinejad as a "protege" of.[33]
Ahmadinejad generally sent mixed signals about his plans for his presidency, perhaps to attract both religious conservatives and the lower economic classes.[34] His campaign slogan was: "It's possible and we can do it".[35]
In the campaign, he took a populist approach. He emphasized his own modest life, and compared himself with Mohammad Ali Rajai, Iran's second president. Ahmadinejad said he planned to create an "exemplary government for the people of the world" in Iran. He was a "principlist", acting politically based on Islamic and revolutionary principles. One of his goals was "putting the petroleum income on people's tables", meaning Iran's oil profits would be distributed among the poor.[36]
Ahmadinejad was the only presidential candidate who spoke out against future relations with the United States. He told Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting the United Nations was "one-sided, stacked against the world of Islam."[37] He opposed the veto power of the UN Security Council's five permanent members: "It is not just for a few states to sit and veto global approvals. Should such a privilege continue to exist, the Muslim world with a population of nearly 1.5 billion should be extended the same privilege." He defended Iran's nuclear program and accused "a few arrogant powers" of trying to limit Iran's industrial and technological development in this and other fields.
In his second round campaign, he said, "We didn't participate in the revolution for turn-by-turn government....This revolution tries to reach a world-wide government." He spoke of an extended program using trade to improve foreign relations, and called for greater ties with Iran's neighbours and ending visa requirements between states in the region, saying that "people should visit anywhere they wish freely. People should have freedom in their pilgrimages and tours."[35]
Ahmadinejad described Ayatollah Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi, a senior cleric from Qom as his ideological and spiritual mentor. Mesbah founded the Haghani School of thought in Iran. He and his team strongly supported Ahmadinejad's 2005 presidential campaign.[38]
2005 election[link]
Main article: Iranian presidential election, 2005
Ahmadinejad won 62 percent of the vote in the run-off poll against Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei authorized his presidency on 3 August 2005.[12][13] Ahmedinejad kissed Khamenei's hand during the ceremony to show his loyalty.[39][40]
2005 cabinet appointments[link]
| Ministry | Minister |
|---|---|
| Agriculture | Mohammadreza Eskandari |
| Commerce | Masoud Mirkazemi |
| Communication and Information Technology | Mohammad Soleimani |
| Cooperatives | Mohammad Abbasi |
| Culture and Islamic Guidance | Hossein Saffar Harandi |
| Defense and Armed Forces Logistics | Mostafa Mohammad Najjar |
| Economy and Financial Affairs | Hossein Samsami |
| Education | Alireza Aliahmadi |
| Energy | Parviz Fattah |
| Foreign Affairs | Manoucher Mottaki |
| Health and Medical Education | Kamran Bagheri Lankarani |
| Housing and Urban Development | Mohammad Saeedikia |
| Industries and Mines | Aliakbar Mehrabian |
| Intelligence | Gholam Hossein Mohseni-Ejehei |
| Interior | Mostafa Pour-Mohammadi[41] |
| Justice | Gholam Hossein Elham |
| Labour and Social Affairs | Mohammad Jahromi |
| Petroleum | Rostam Ghassemi |
| Roads and Transportation | Hamid Behbahani |
| Science, Research, and Technology | Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi |
| Welfare and Social Security | Abdolreza Mesri |
Iran's President is constitutionally obliged to obtain confirmation from the parliament for his selection of ministers.[42] Ahmadinejad presented a short-list at a private meeting on 5 August, and his final list on 14 August. The Majlis rejected all of his cabinet candidates for the oil portfolio and objected to the appointment of his allies in senior government office.[36] The Majlis approved a cabinet on 24 August.[43] The ministers promised to meet frequently outside Tehran and held their first meeting on 25 August in Mashhad, with four empty seats for the unapproved nominees.[44]
2006 Councils and Assembly of Experts election[link]
Main articles: Iranian councils election, 2006 and Iranian Assembly of Experts election, 2006
Ahmadinejad’s team lost the 2006 city council elections,[45] and his spiritual mentor, Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi, was ranked sixth on the country's Assembly of Experts.[citation needed] In the first nationwide election since Ahmadinejad became President, his allies failed to dominate election returns for the Assembly of Experts and local councils. Results, with a turnout of about 60%, suggested a voter shift toward more moderate policies. According to an editorial in the Kargozaran independent daily newspaper, "The results show that voters have learned from the past and concluded that we need to support.. moderate figures." An Iranian political analyst said that "this is a blow for Ahmadinejad and Mesbah Yazdi's list."[45]
2009 presidential election[link]
Main article: Iranian presidential election, 2009
On 23 August 2008, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei announced that he "sees Ahmadinejad as president in the next five years," a comment interpreted as indicating support for Ahmadinejad's reelection.[46] 39,165,191 ballots were cast in the election on 12 June 2009, according to Iran's election headquarters. Ahmadinejad won 24,527,516 votes, (62.63%). In second place, Mir-Hossein Mousavi, won 13,216,411 (33.75%) of the votes.[47] The election drew unprecedented public interest in Iran.
2012 parliamentary elections[link]
Ahmadinejad suffered a defeat in March/May 2012 parliamentary elections with Ayatollah Khamenei’s "Principalist" allies winning about three quarters of the parliaments 290 seats, and Ahmadinejad supporters far fewer.[48]
2009 Iranian election protests[link]
Main article: 2009 Iranian election protests
As of April 2011[update], the election results remain in dispute with both Mousavi and Ahmadinejad and their respective supporters who believe that electoral fraud occurred during the election. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei formally endorsed Ahmadinejad as President on 3 August 2009, and Ahmadinejad was sworn in for a second term on 5 August 2009.[49] Iran's Constitution stipulates term limits of two terms for the office of President.[50] Several Iranian political figures appeared to avoid the ceremony. Former presidents Mohammad Khatami, and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, who is currently head of the Expediency Discernment Council, along with opposition leader Mir Hossein Mousavi, did not attend the ceremony.[51] Opposition groups asked protesters on reformist websites and blogs to launch new street demonstrations on the day of the inauguration ceremony.[52] On inauguration day, hundreds of riot police met opposition protesters outside parliament. After taking the oath of office, which was broadcast live on Iranian state television, Ahmadinejad said that he will "protect the official faith, the system of the Islamic revolution and the constitution".[49] France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States announced that they would not send the usual letters of congratulation.[49]
2009 cabinet appointments[link]
| Ministry | Minister |
|---|---|
| Agriculture | Sadeq Khalilian |
| Commerce | Mehdi Ghazanfari |
| Communication and Information Technology | Reza Taqipour |
| Cooperatives | Mohammad Abbasi |
| Culture and Islamic Guidance | Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini |
| Defense and Armed Forces Logistics | Ahmad Vahidi |
| Economy and Financial Affairs | Shamseddin Hosseini |
| Education | Hamid-Reza Haji Babaee |
| Energy | Majid Namjoo |
| Foreign Affairs | Manouchehr Mottaki |
| Health and Medical Education | Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi |
| Housing and Urban Development | Abdolreza Sheikholeslami |
| Industries and Mines | Aliakbar Mehrabian |
| Intelligence | Heydar Moslehi |
| Interior | Mostafa Mohammad Najjar |
| Justice | Morteza Bakhtiari |
| Labour and Social Affairs | Ali Nikzad |
| Petroleum | Masoud Mir Kazemi |
| Roads and Transportation | Hamid Behbahani |
| Science, Research, and Technology | Kamran Daneshjoo |
| Welfare and Social Security | Sadeq Mahsouli |
Ahmadinejad announced controversial ministerial appointments for his second term. Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei was briefly appointed as first vice president, but opposed by a number of Majlis members and by the intelligence minister, Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i. Mashaei followed orders to resign. Ahmadinejad then appointed Mashaei as chief of staff, and fired Mohseni-Eje'i.[53]
On July 26, 2009, Ahmadinejad's government faced a legal problem after he sacked four ministers. Iran's constitution (Article 136) stipulates that, if more than half of its members are replaced, the cabinet may not meet or act before the Majlis approves the revised membership.[54] The Vice Chairman of the Majlis announced that no cabinet meetings or decisions would be legal, pending such a re-approval.[55]
The main list of 21 cabinet appointments was announced on August 19, 2009.[56] On September 4, Majlis approved 18 of the 21 candidates, and rejected three, including two women. Sousan Keshavarz, Mohammad Aliabadi, and Fatemeh Ajorlou were not approved by Majlis for the Ministries of Education, Energy, and Welfare and Social Security respectively. Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi is the first woman approved by Majlis as a minister in the Islamic Republic of Iran.[57]
Domestic policy[link]
Economic policy[link]
See also: Economy of Iran
In Ahmadinejad's first four years as president, Iran's real GDP reflected growth of the economy. Inflation and unemployment have also decreased under Ahmadinejad due to better economic management and ending the unsustainable spending and borrowing patterns of previous administrations .[58][59] Ahmadinejad has increased spending by 25 percent and has supported subsidies for food and petrol. He also initially refused a gradual increase of petrol prices, saying that after making necessary preparations, such as a development of public transportation system, the government will free up petrol prices after five years.[60] Interest rates were cut by presidential decree to below the inflation rate. One unintended effect of this stimulation of the economy has been the bidding up of some urban real estate prices by two or three times their pre-Ahmadinejad value by Iranians seeking to invest surplus cash and finding few other safe opportunities. The resulting increase in the cost of housing has hurt poorer, non-property owning Iranians, the putative beneficiaries of Ahmadinejad's populist policies.[61] The Management and Planning Organisation, a state body charged with mapping out long-term economic and budget strategy, was broken up and its experienced managers were fired.[62]
In June 2006, 50 Iranian economists wrote a letter to Ahmadinejad that criticized his price interventions to stabilize prices of goods, cement, government services, and his decree issued by the High Labor Council and the Ministry of Labor that proposed an increase of workers' salaries by 40 percent. Ahmadinejad publicly responded harshly to the letter and denounced the accusations.[63][64] Ahmadinejad has called for "middle-of-the-road" compromises with respect to Western-oriented capitalism and socialism. Current political conflicts with the United States have caused the central bank to fear increased capital flight due to global isolation. These factors have prevented an improvement of infrastructure and capital influx, despite high economic potential.[58] Among those that did not vote for him in the first election, only 3.5 percent said they would consider voting for him in the next election.[65] Mohammad Khoshchehreh, a member of Iranian parliament that campaigned for Ahmadinejad, said that his government "has been strong on populist slogans, but weak on achievement."[66] President Ahmadinejad has changed almost all of his economic ministers, including oil, industry and economy, since coming to power in 2005. In an interview with Fars News Agency on April 2008, Davoud Danesh Jaafari who acted as minister of economy in President Ahmadinejad’s cabinet, harshly criticized Ahmadinejad’s economic policy: "During my time, there was no positive attitude towards previous experiences or experienced people and there was no plan for the future. Peripheral issues which were not of dire importance to the nation were given priority. Most of the scientific economic concepts like the effect of liquidity on inflation were put in question."[67] In response to these criticisms, Ahmadinejad accused his minister of not being "a man of justice" and declared that the solution to Iran’s economic problem is "the culture of martyrdom".[68] In May 2008, the Petroleum minister of Iran admitted that the government illegally invested 2 billion dollars to import petrol in 2007. At Iranian parliament, he also mentioned that he simply followed the president's order.[69][70]
While his government had 275 thousand billion toman oil income, the highest in Iranian history, Ahmadinejad’s government had the highest budget deficit since the Iranian revolution.[71]
During his presidency, Ahmadinejad launched a gasoline rationing plan to reduce the country's fuel consumption. He also instituted cuts in the interest rates that private and public banking facilities could charge.[14][15][72] He issued a directive that the Management and Planning Organization be affiliated to the government.[73] In May 2011 Ahmadinejad announced that he would temporarily run the Oil Ministry.[74]
Family planning and population policy[link]
See also: Family planning in Iran
In October 2006, Ahmadinejad began calling for the scrapping of Iran's existing birth control policies, which discouraged Iranian couples from having more than two children. He told MPs that Iran could cope with 50 million more people than the current 70 million. In November 2010 he urged Iranians to marry and reproduce earlier, "We should take the age of marriage for boys to 20 and for girls to about 16 and 17."[75] His remarks have drawn criticism and been called ill-judged at a time when Iran was struggling with surging inflation and rising unemployment, estimated at around 11 percent. Ahmadinejad’s call was reminiscent of a call for Iranians to have more children made by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in 1979. The policy increased Iran's population by 16 million in seven years[76] but was eventually reversed in response to the resultant economic strain.[77]
In 2008, the government sent the "Family Protection Bill" to the Iranian parliament. Women's rights activists criticized the bill for removing protections from women, such as the requirement that a husband obtain his wife's consent before bringing another wife into the family. Women's rights in Iran are more religiously based than those in secular countries.[78]
Housing[link]
The first legislation to emerge from his newly formed government was a 12 trillion rial (US$1.3 billion) fund called "Reza's Compassion Fund",[79] named after Shi'a Imam Ali al-Rida. Ahmadinejad's government said this fund would tap Iran's oil revenues to help young people get jobs, afford marriage, and buy their own homes.[80] The fund also sought charitable donations, with a board of trustees in each of Iran's 30 provinces. The legislation was a response to the cost of urban housing, which is pushing up the national average marital age (currently around 25 years for women and 28 years for men). In 2006 the Iranian parliament rejected the fund. However, Ahmadinejad ordered the administrative council to execute the plan.[81]
Human rights[link]
According to a report by Human Rights Watch, "Since President Ahmadinejad came to power, treatment of detainees has worsened in Evin Prison as well as in detention centers operated clandestinely by the Judiciary, the Ministry of Information, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps."[82] Again according to Human Rights Watch, "Respect for basic human rights in Iran, especially freedom of expression and assembly, deteriorated in 2006. The government routinely tortures and mistreats detained dissidents, including through prolonged solitary confinement." Human Rights Watch described the source of human rights violations in contemporary Iran as coming from the Judiciary, accountable to Ali Khamenei, and from members directly appointed by Ahmadinejad.
Responses to dissent have varied. Human Rights Watch writes that "the Ahmadinejad government, in a pronounced shift from the policy under former president Mohammed Khatami, has shown no tolerance for peaceful protests and gatherings." In December 2006, Ahmadinejad advised officials not to disturb students who engaged in a protest during a speech of his at the Amirkabir University of Technology in Tehran,[83][84] although speakers at other protests have included among their complaints that there had been a crackdown on dissent at universities since Ahmadinejad was elected.[85]
In April 2007, the Tehran police, which is under Khamenei's supervision, began a crackdown on women with "improper hijab." This led to criticism from associates of Ahmadinejad.[86]
In 2012, Ahmadinejad claimed that AIDS was created by the West in order to weaken poorer countries, and repeated a previous claim that homosexual Iranians did not exist.[87]
Universities[link]
See also: Higher education in Iran
In 2006, the Ahmadinejad [88] government reportedly forced numerous Iranian scientists and university professors to resign or to retire. It has been referred to as "second cultural revolution".[89][90] The policy has been said to replace old professors with younger ones.[91] Some university professors received letters indicating their early retirement unexpectedly.[92] In November 2006, 53 university professors had to retire from Iran University of Science and Technology.[93]
In 2006, Ahmadinejad's government applied a 50 percent quota for male students and 50 percent for female students in the university entrance exam for medicine, dentistry and pharmacy. The plan was supposed to stop the growing presence of female students in the universities. In a response to critics, Iranian minister of health and medical education, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani argued that there are not enough facilities such as dormitories for female students. Masoud Salehi, president of Zahedan University said that presence of women generates some problems with transportation. Also, Ebrahim Mekaniki, president of Babol University of Medical Sciences, stated that an increase in the presence of women will make it difficult to distribute facilities in a suitable manner. Bagher Larijani, the president of Tehran University of Medical Sciences made similar remarks. According to Rooz Online, the quotas lack a legal foundation and are justified as support for "family" and "religion."
December 2006 student protest[link]
On 11 December 2006, some students disrupted a speech by Ahmadinejad at the Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) in Tehran. According to the Iranian Student News Agency, students set fire to photographs of Ahmadinejad and threw firecrackers. The protesters also chanted "death to the dictator." It was the first major public protest against Ahmadinejad since his election. In a statement carried on the students' Web site,[citation needed] they announced that they had been protesting the growing political pressure under Ahmadinejad, also accusing him of corruption, mismanagement, and discrimination. The statement added that "the students showed that despite vast propaganda, the president has not been able to deceive academia." It was also reported that some students were angry about the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust.[94]
In response to the students' slogans, the president said: "We have been standing up to dictatorship so that no one will dare to establish dictatorship in a millennium even in the name of freedom. Given the scars inflicted on the Iranian nation by agents of the US and British dictatorship, no one will ever dare to initiate the rise of a dictator."[95] It was reported that even though the protesters broke the TV cameras and threw hand-made bombs at Ahmadinejad,[96] the president asked the officials not to question or disturb the protesters.[97][98] In his blog, Ahmadinejad described his reaction to the incident as "a feeling of joy" because of the freedom that people enjoyed after the revolution.[99]
One thousand students also protested the day before to denounce the increased pressure on the reformist groups at the university. One week prior, more than two thousand students protested at Tehran University on the country's annual student day, with speakers saying that there had been a crackdown on dissent at universities since Ahmadinejad was elected.[94][100]
Nuclear program[link]
See also: Nuclear program of Iran
Ahmadinejad has been a vocal supporter of Iran's nuclear program, and has insisted that it is for peaceful purposes. He has repeatedly emphasized that building a nuclear bomb is not the policy of his government. He has said that such a policy is "illegal and against our religion."[101][102] He also added at a January 2006 conference in Tehran that a nation with "culture, logic and civilization" would not need nuclear weapons, and that countries that seek nuclear weapons are those that want to solve all problems by the use of force.[103] In a 2008 interview Ahmadinejad elaborated that countries striving to obtain nuclear weapons are not politically progressive nations and those who possess them and continually make new generations of such bombs are "even more backward".[104]
In April 2006, Ahmadinejad announced that Iran had successfully refined uranium to a stage suitable for the nuclear fuel cycle. In a speech to students and academics in Mashhad, he was quoted as saying that Iran's conditions had changed completely as it had become a nuclear state and could talk to other states from that stand.[105] On 13 April 2006, Iranian news agency, IRNA, quoted Ahmadinejad as saying that the peaceful Iranian nuclear technology would not pose a threat to any party because "we want peace and stability and we will not cause injustice to anyone and at the same time we will not submit to injustice."[106] Nevertheless, Iran's nuclear policy under Ahmadinejad's administration has received much criticism, spearheaded by the United States and Israel. The accusations include that Iran is striving to obtain nuclear arms and developing long-range firing capabilities—and that Ahmadinejad issued an order to keep UN inspectors from freely visiting the nation's nuclear facilities and viewing their designs, in defiance of an IAEA resolution.[107][108][109][110] Following a May 2009 test launch of a long-range missile, Ahmadinejad was quoted as telling the crowd that with its nuclear program, Iran was sending the West a message that "the Islamic Republic of Iran is running the show."[111]
Despite Ahmadinejad's vocal support for the program, the office of the Iranian president is not directly responsible for nuclear policy. It is instead set by the Supreme National Security Council. The council includes two representatives appointed by the Supreme Leader, military officials, and members of the executive, judicial, and legislative branches of government, and reports directly to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, who issued a fatwa against nuclear weapons in 2005.[112] Khamenei has criticized Ahmadinejad's "personalization" of the nuclear issue.[113]
Ahmadinejad vowed on February 2008, that Iran will not be held back from developing its peaceful nuclear program[114] and has stated that at least 16 different peaceful uses for nuclear technology have so far been identified.[104] Ahmadinejad has stressed the importance of the right to peaceful nuclear development. Iranian opposition leader, Mousavi, has even stated that giving up the country's nuclear program would be "irreparable" and that the Iranian people support the nuclear program. "No one in Iran will accept suspension," Mousavi has said, adding that if elected, his policy would be to work to provide "guarantees" that Tehran's nuclear activities would never divert to non-peaceful aims.[115]
In October 2009 the United States, France and Russia proposed a U.N.-drafted deal with Iran regarding its nuclear program, in an effort to find a compromise between Iran's stated need for a nuclear reactor and the concerns of those who are worried that Iran harbors a secret intent on developing a nuclear weapon. After some delay in responding, on October 29, Ahmadinejad seemed to change his tone towards the deal. "We welcome fuel exchange, nuclear co-operation, building of power plants and reactors and we are ready to co-operate," he said in a live broadcast on state television.[116] However, he added that Iran would not retreat "one iota" on its right to a sovereign nuclear program.[117]
Domestic criticism and controversies[link]
Alleged corruption[link]
Ahmadinejad has been criticized for attacking private "plunderers" and "corrupt officials," while engaging in "cronyism and political favouritism". Many of his close associates have been appointed to positions for which they have no obvious qualifications, and "billion dollar no-bid contracts" have been awarded to the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC), an organization with which he is strongly associated.[118]
Other statements[link]
In June 2007, Ahmadinejad was criticized by some Iranian parliament members over his remark about Christianity and Judaism. According to Aftab News Agency, Ahmadinejad stated: "In the world, there are deviations from the right path: Christianity and Judaism. Dollars have been devoted to the propagation of these deviations. There are also false claims that these [religions] will save mankind. But Islam is the only religion that [can] save mankind." Some members of Iranian parliament criticized these remarks as being fuels to religious war.[119][120]
Conservative MP Rafat Bayat has accused Ahmadinejad for a decline in observance of the required hijab for women, calling him "not that strict on this issue".[121] Ahmadinejad has been also accused of indecency by people close to Rafsanjani,[122] after he publicly kissed the hand of a woman who used to be his school teacher.[123]
The UN and football stadiums[link]
Two statements that have brought criticism from some religious authorities concern his speech at the United Nations, and the attendance of women at football matches. In a visit to group of Ayatollahs in Qom after returning from his 2005 speech to the UN General Assembly, Ahmadinejad stated he had "felt a halo over his head" during his speech and that a hidden presence had mesmerized the unblinking audience of foreign leaders, foreign ministers, and ambassadors. According to at least one source (Hooman Majd), this was offensive to the conservative religious leaders because an ordinary man cannot presume a special closeness to God or any of the Imams, nor can he imply the presence of the Mahdi.[124]
In another statement the next year, Ahmadinejad proclaimed (without consulting the clerics beforehand), that women be allowed into football stadiums to watch male football clubs compete. This proclamation "was quickly overruled" by clerical authorities, one of whom, Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Fazel Lankarani "refused for weeks to meet with President Ahmadinejad" in early 2007.[124]
Iran constitution conflict[link]
In 2008, a serious conflict emerged between the Iranian President and the head of parliament over three laws approved by Iranian parliament: "the agreement for civil and criminal legal cooperation between Iran and Kyrgyzstan", "the agreement to support mutual investment between Iran and Kuwait", and "the law for registration of industrial designs and trademarks". The conflict was so serious that the Iranian leader stepped in to resolve the conflict. Ahmadinejad wrote a letter to parliament speaker Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel, furiously denouncing him for an "inexplicable act" in bypassing the presidency by giving the order to implement legislation in an official newspaper.[125] President Ahmadinejad accused the head of parliament of violating Iranian constitutional law. He called for legal action against the Parliament speaker.[126][127] Haddad-Adel responded to Ahmadinejad accusing him of using inappropriate language in his remarks and letters.[128]
Ali Kordan[link]
Main article: Ali Kordan
In August 2008, Dr Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, appointed Ali Kordan as Iran's interior minister. Kordan's appointment has been criticized by Iranian parliamentarians, media and analysts after it came to light that a doctoral degree allegedly awarded to Ali Kordan was fabricated, and that the putative issuer of the degree, Oxford University, had no record of Ali Kordan receiving any degree from the University.[129] It was also revealed that he had been jailed in 1978 for moral charges.[130][131] Fabrication of legal documents is punishable in Iranian law with one to three years of imprisonment and in the case of government officials, the maximum sentence (three years) is demanded.[citation needed]
In November 2008, President Ahmadinejad announced that he was against impeachment of Ali Kordan by Iranian parliament. He refused to attend the parliament on the impeachment day.[132] Ali Kordan was expelled from Iranian interior ministry by Iranian parliament on 4 November 2008. 188 MPs voted against Ali Kordan. An impeachment of Kordan would push Ahmadinejad close to having to submit his entire cabinet for review by parliament, which is led by one of his chief political opponents. Iran's constitution requires that step if more than half the cabinet ministers are replaced, and Ahmadinejad has replaced nine of 21.[133] [134]
Conflict with Parliament[link]
On February 2009 after Supreme Audit Court of Iran reported that $1.058 billion of surplus oil revenue in the (2006–2007) budget hasn't been returned by the government to the national treasury,[135][136] Ali Larijani, Iran's parliamentary speaker, called for further investigations to make sure the missing funds are returned to the treasury as soon as possible.[137] Ahmadinejad criticized the National Audit Office for what he called its "carelessness", saying the report "incites the people" against the government.[138] The head of the parliament Energy Commission, Hamidreza Katouzian, reported: The government spent $5 billion to import fuel, about $2 billion more than the sum parliament had authorized. Katouzian quoted Iran's Oil Minister, Gholam-Hossein Nozari, as saying that President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad had ordered the extra purchase.[139]
In May 2011 several members of parliament threatened to initiate impeachment proceedings against Ahmadinejad after his merger of eight government ministries and the firing of three ministers without parliament’s consent. According to the Majles News Web site, MP Mohammad Reza Bahonar stated, "legal purging starts with questions, which lead to warnings and end with impeachment." On May 25 parliament voted to investigate another allegation, that Ahmadinejad had committed election irregularities by giving cash to up to nine million Iranians before the 2009 presidential elections. The vote came within hours after the allegations appeared in several popular conservative news sites associated with supreme leader Ali Khamenei, suggesting the supreme leader supported the investigation.[140] The disputes were seen as part of the clash between Ahmadinejad and other conservatives and former supporters, including supreme leader Khamenei, over what the conservatives see as Ahmadinejad's confrontational policies and abuse of power.[140][141]
Relations with Supreme Leader[link]
Early in his presidency, Ahmadinejad was sometimes described as "enjoy[ing] the full backing" of the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei,[142] and even as being his "protege."[143] In Ahmadinejad's 2005 inauguration the supreme leader allowed Ahmadinejad to kiss his hand and cheeks in what was called "a sign of closeness and loyalty,"[144] and after the 2009 election fully endorsed Ahmadinejad against protesters.[145] However as early as January 2008 signs of disagreement between the two men developed over domestic policies,[142] and by 2010-11 several sources detected a "growing rift" between Ahmadinejad and Khamenei.[146] The disagreement has been described as centering on Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei, a top adviser and close confidant of Ahmadinejad[147] and opponent of "greater involvement of clerics in politics",[148] who was First Vice President of Iran until being ordered to resign from the cabinet by the supreme leader. In 2009 Ahmadinejad dismissed Intelligence minister Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i, an opponent of Mashaei. In April 2011, another Intelligence minister, Heydar Moslehi, resigned after being asked to by Ahmadinejad, but was reinstated by the supreme leader[143] within hours.[149] Ahmadinejad declined to officially back Moslehi's reinstatement for two weeks and in protest engaged in an "11-day walkout" of cabinet meetings, religious ceremonies, and other official functions.[146][149] Ahmadinejad's actions led to angry public attacks by clerics, parliamentarians and military commanders, who accused him of ignoring orders from the supreme leader.[147] Conservative opponents in parliament launched an "impeachment drive" against him,[148] four websites with ties to Ahmadinejad reportedly were "filtered and blocked",[143] and several people "said to be close" to the president and Mashaei (such as Abbas Amirifar and Mohammed Sharif Malekzadeh) were arrested on charges of being "magicians" and invoking djinns.[146] On 6 May 2011 it was reported that Ahmadinejad had been given an ultimatum to accept the leader's intervention or resign,[150] and on 8 May he "apparently bowed" to the reinstatement, welcoming back Moslehi to a cabinet meeting.[147] The events have been said to have "humiliated and weakened" Ahmadinejad, though the president has denied that there was any rift between the two,[147] and according to the semiofficial Fars News Agency stated that his relationship with the supreme leader "is that of a father and a son."[148]
Foreign relations[link]
Main article: Foreign policy of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
During Ahmadinejad's tenure as President of Iran the foreign policy of the country took a different approach from the previous administration. Relations with the West generally soured while relations with other parts of the world, including Africa and Latin America, were on the ascendance. In light of the calls for sanctions on Iran for its nuclear weapons programme, Ahmadinejad and his foreign minister, Manouchehr Mottaki, traveled extensively throughout the two regions, as well as hosted other leaders. Relations with the ALBA states, and Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador, in particular, were most strengthened. Relations with America during the Bush administration and Israel were weakened.
Ahmadinejad is an outspoken critic of the United States, Israel, and the United Kingdom.[151][152]
Israel and Palestine[link]
Main article: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel
He abides by Iran's long-standing policy of refusing to recognize Israel as a legitimate state.[153]
He was embroiled in controversy regarding statements he made about the Holocaust and for commenting that "the occupying regime" would, according to various translations, be eliminated, or "vanish from the pages of time." The New York Times reported this as a call for the destruction of the State of Israel when the phrase was translated as "wiped off the map" by Ahmadinejad's official website and Iranian state run media.[154][155][156] However, American academic Juan Cole says the word "map" doesn't appear in the original Farsi quote. It has also been claimed that he said that "Israel's regime will be wiped off the map", not the actual state.[157] On April 21, 2012, Dan Meridor, Israel's Deputy Prime Minister, was reported by the Blaze [158] saying that President Ahmadinejad did not use the exact phrase ’Wiped off the Map’.
He advocates "free elections" for the region, and believes Palestinians need a stronger voice in the region's future.[159] Criticism of him in the West has been coupled with accusations of describing the Holocaust as a myth[160][161] and of statements influenced by "classic anti-Semitic ideas,"[162] which has led to accusations of anti-Semitism,[163] though he has denied these accusations, saying that he "respects Jews very much" and that he was not "passing judgment" on the Holocaust.[152][164][165][166]
On Quds Day in September 2010 criticized the Palestinian Authority over its president's decision to renew direct peace talks with Israel saying the talks are "stillborn" and "doomed to fail", urging the Palestinians to continue armed resistance to Israel.[167][168] He said that Mahmoud Abbas had no authority to negotiate on behalf of the Palestinians.[169][170] Nabil Abu Rudeineh, a spokesman for the Palestinian Authority, fired back, saying, Ahmadinejad "does not represent the Iranian people,..., is not entitled to talk about Palestine, or the President of Palestine"[171][172]
United States[link]
In September 2010 he caused yet-another controversy at the 65th session of the United Nations General Assembly by claiming that most people believed the United States government was behind the 9/11 attacks and later called for an inquiry, stating: "The fact-finding mission can shed light on who the perpetrators were, who is al-Qaeda... where does it exist? Who was it backed by and supported? All these should come to light."[173] The speech triggered a mass walkout, and the U.S. president Barack Obama described the claims as "inexcuseable", "offensive" and "hateful".[174] In 2010, Ahmadinejad reiterated the 9/11 conspiracy, and wrote:
"Establishing an independent and impartial committee of investigation, which would determine the roots and causes of the regrettable event of 9/11, is the demand of all the peoples of the region and the world. [...] Any opposition to this legal and human demand means that 9/11 was premeditated in order to achieve the goals of occupation and of confrontation with the nations.[175]
He made similar comments in 2011.[176]
Personal life[link]
He was married to Azam Sadat Farahi on 12 June 1981 in Tehran.[178] Farahi was a classmate of Ahmadinejad when he studied at the Iran University of Science and Technology. They have three children, including one daughter, Fatemeh, and two sons, Mehdi and Alireza.[179] His older son, Mehdi, married the daughter of Ahmadinejad's chief of staff, Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei in 2007, and his younger son, Alireza, is married to the niece of former military general, Mahmoud Kaveh.[180] All of his children studied at the Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic).[181] His son in law is Mehdi Khorshidi.[182]
See also[link]
- 2006 Iranian sumptuary law controversy
- Advisors to the president: Hamid Mowlana, Mohammad-Ali Ramin, Ali Akbar Javanfekr
- Ayatollah Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi
- Politics of Iran
References[link]
- ^ "Iran's first lady makes rare speech at Rome summit". Associated Press. Fox News. 2009-11-15. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2009/11/15/irans-lady-makes-rare-public-appearance-rome-forum/. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
- ^ The -[e] is the Izāfa, which is a grammatical marker linking two words together. It is not indicated in writing, and is not part of the name itself, but is used when a first and last name are used together.
- ^ Pronunciations for محمود احمدینژاد
- ^ Persian Grammar, p. 145: . . . stress is word-final in simple, derived, and compound nouns and adjectives . . .[dead link]
- ^ "Ahmedinejad: Rose and Thorn". The Diplomatic Observer. http://www.diplomaticobserver.com/news_read.asp?id=1871. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
- ^ "Mahmoud Ahmedinejad on Facebook". Facebook. 2001-07-24. http://www.facebook.com/pages/Mahmud-Ahmedinejad/8613283977?v=info&viewas=0. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
- ^ a b c d e Biography of H.E. Dr. Ahmadi Nejad, Honourable President of Islamic Republic of Iran. Retrieved 27-01-2008. Archived January 3, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad". Iran Chamber Society. http://www.iranchamber.com/history/mahmadinejad/mahmoud_ahmadinejad.php. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ^ a b c Lee, Jon (2009-01-07). "Can Iran Change? High stakes in Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s reelection campaign". Newyorker.com. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/04/13/090413fa_fact_anderson. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b c d e f g John Pike. "President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad". Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iran/ahmadinejad.htm. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b "Ahamd Bozorgian (MP): 'The Separation of men and women's elevators is an advantageous policy. It would help to grow.'" Entekhab News. Retrieved 31-08-2006.[dead link]
- ^ a b "Ahmadinejad Sworn in as Iran's New President". Voice Of America. 2005-08-06. http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2005-08/2005-08-06-voa8.cfm. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
- ^ a b "Iran hardliner becomes president". BBC. 3 August 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4740441.stm. Retrieved 2006-12-06.
- ^ a b Robert Tait in Tehran (2007-05-25). "Iran interest rate cut sparks panic selling". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/iran/story/0,,2087915,00.html. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b مدیریت و" برنامه ریزی منحل ش" BBC Persian. Retrieved 29-07-2007.[dead link]
- ^ "Assembly of Experts to study economic reform plan: Rafsanjani" (in Persian). Tehran Times. 23 August 2008. http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=175959. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
- ^ "Iran clerics defy election ruling". BBC News. 2009-07-05. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8134904.stm. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ "Is this government legitimate? (BBC Persian)". Bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2009/07/090704_op_brief_majma_qom.shtml. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ Landry, Carole (2009-06-25). "G8 calls on Iran to halt election violence". Google.com. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jSWPwBGmOByDmvG6OPfqesxJ2O7Q. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b Melman, Yossi; Meir Javedanfar (2007). The Nuclear Sphinx of Tehran: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and the State of Iran. Basic Books. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-0-7867-1887-0.
- ^ Robert Tait (2005-07-02). "A humble beginning helped to form Iran's new hard man". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/jul/02/iran.roberttait. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
- ^ Kasra Naji says that the name was 'Sabaghian,' which means 'dye-masters' in Persian; Kasra Naji. "Ahmadinejad: The Secret History of Iran's Radical Leader". University of California Press (2008), p. 4
- ^ In 2009 some media reports claimed that Sabourjian is a common Iranian Jewish name, and that "sabour" is the name for the Jewish Tallit shawl in Persia (Daily Telegraph, 3 October 2009, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad revealed to have Jewish past); the claim is disputed, with experts saying that neither claim is correct (Meir Javedanfar, The Guardian, 5 October 2009, Archived 3 October 2009 at WebCite
- ^ "Iran's president launches weblog". BBC News. 2006-08-14. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4790005.stm. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ^ (AFP) – May 12, 2009 (2009-05-12). "AFP: Khamenei offers implicit support to Ahmadinejad". Google.com. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hJCaIeo2jqxiNDPX4-zKk3baqpog. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
- ^ "Africa can Learn from President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad". The African Executive. http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=4368.
- ^ Pepe Escobar. "Travels in Ahmadinejadland". http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/GI15Ak02.html.
- ^ Najmeh Bozorgmehr (2008-05-30). "Interview transcript: Mojtaba Samareh-Hashemi". Financial Times. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3c04bcbc-2d9e-11dd-b92a-000077b07658,dwp_uuid=be75219e-940a-11da-82ea-0000779e2340.html?nclick_check=1. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ^ a b c Hussein D. Hassan (2007-01-16). "Profile and Statements of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad". Library of Congress. http://brownback.senate.gov/public/legissues/foreignpol_crsreportiranprofilestateofpres.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ^ a b "The 2005 World Mayor finalists". Worldmayor.com. http://www.worldmayor.com/results05/worldmayor_finalists05.html. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ Wright, Robin, Dreams and Shadows : the Future of the Middle East, Penguin Press, 2008, p.315
- ^ Aneja, Atul (2006). He was also known as tir khalas zan before becoming president."New Dynamics." Frontline. Retrieved 28-07-2007.
- ^ Ahmadinejad's enemies scent blood in Iran power struggle, Saeed Kamali Dehghan and Julian Borger | guardian.co.uk | 19 May 2011
- ^ Karl Vick (2005-06-19). "Hard-Line Figure In Iran Runoff". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/18/AR2005061801226_pf.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ^ a b Babnet Tunisia (2005). "More on Mahmoud Ahmadinejad". Persian Mirror. http://persianmirror.com/community/2005/opinion/MahmoudAhmadinejad.cfm. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
- ^ a b Sami Moubayed (2006-01-19). "Iran and the art of crisis management". Asia Times Online. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HA19Ak03.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ^ Brea, Jennifer. "Profile: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran.". Retrieved 31-08-2006.
- ^ Nazenin Ansari (2006-06-25). "Divide and empower". Prospect Magazine. http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=7487. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
- ^ "Behind Ahmadinejad, a Powerful Cleric". New York Times. 9 September 2006. http://www.iranvajahan.net/cgi-bin/news.pl?l=en&y=2006&m=09&d=09&a=1. Retrieved 2006-12-06.
- ^ "Clip DrIman CNN – at Tofoiran". http://tofoiran.packdeal.com/clips/DrIman/20060906-DrIman-CNN-225.asx. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ "BBC: New Iran interior chief approved". BBC News. 2008-11-18. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7735947.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ "Article 133". Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran. International Constitutional Law. 1992. http://www.servat.unibe.ch/law/icl/ir00000_.html#A133_. Retrieved 2 August 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Ahmadinejad’s cabinet declared." Presidency of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Retrieved 18-10-2006.[dead link]
- ^ Reuters (2005-08-26). "Depleted Iran cabinet meets after rejection of four by parliament". Khaleej Times Online. http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/middleeast/2005/August/middleeast_August739.xml§ion=middleeast&col=. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
- ^ a b Blair, Edmund (2006-12-18). "Results in Iranian Vote Seen as Setback for Ahmadinejad". Washingtonpost.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/17/AR2006121700772.html. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ "Renewed Power Struggle in Iran as the Presidential Elections Approach: Part I – Ahmadinejad's Revolutionary-Messianic Faction vs. Rafsanjani–Reformist Alliance." By: Y. Mansharof and A. Savyon* Iran|#488 | 26 December 2008
- ^ "Ahmadinejad 'leads in Iran election'". BBC News. 13 June 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8098305.stm. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- ^ Elections in Iran Favor Ayatollah’s Allies, Dealing Blow to President and His Office By NEIL MacFARQUHAR| 4 March 2012
- ^ a b c "Defiant Iran president takes oath". BBC News. 5 August 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8184240.stm. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
- ^ "Iran The Presidency". Photius.com. http://www.photius.com/countries/iran/government/iran_government_the_presidency.html. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ "Iran poll critics shun ceremony". BBC News. 3 August 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8180811.stm. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
- ^ "Iran's opposition calls for inauguration protests". Associated Press. Google news. 4 August 2009. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jGSJEAPs_r2T2wxsL5G3t4z-jajQD99S84080. Retrieved 5 August 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Daragahi, Borzou; Mostaghim, Ramin (2009-07-27). "Iran president clashes with conservatives". Latimes.com. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-iran27-2009jul27,0,6911282.story. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ Deshmukh, Jay (2009-07-26). "AFP: Ahmadinejad 'sacks four Iran ministers'". Google.com. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jYm2jkM3p-MmD8B1Oh9ZDxXNG6xw. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
- ^ Behnegarsoft.com. "آفتاب – باهنر: جلسات دولت نهم از این پس غیرقانونی است". Aftabnews.ir. http://www.aftabnews.ir/vdchzinw.23nzmdftt2.html. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad unveils new cabinet". Presstv.ir. http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=104018§ionid=351020101. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ "Iran backs first woman minister". BBC. 2009-09-03. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8235264.stm. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
- ^ a b "Iran's unemployment falls to 10.3 pct -minister". In.reuters.com. 2008-03-31. http://in.reuters.com/article/asiaCompanyAndMarkets/idINDAH13987520080331. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ "Iran approves plan to lop three zeros off Rial". Presstv.ir. http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=106378§ionid=351020102. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ Bakhtiar, Abbas. "Ahmadinejad's Achilles Heel"
- ^ "Letter from Tehran, The rationalist" by Laura Secor p.31 The New Yorker, February 2, 2009
- ^ ""Economics is for donkeys" Robert Tait, Published 11 September 2008". Newstatesman.com. 2008-09-11. http://www.newstatesman.com/economy/2008/09/iran-economic-ahmadinejad. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ "Iranian economists lash out at Ahmadinejad's policies.". Dailystar.com.lb. 2006-06-16. http://dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=3&article_id=73218. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ "Geopolitics casts pall on hobbled Iranian economy." USA Today. Retrieved 26-01-2008.
- ^ Sanati, Kimia. "Ahmadinejad held to election promises". Asia Times. Retrieved 01-02-2008.
- ^ Dareini, Ali Akbar. "Iran's Discontent With Ahmadinejad Grows." The Washington Post. Retrieved 28-08-2007.
- ^ Apr 22, 2008 (2008-04-22). "AFP: Ahmadinejad slammed by outgoing economy minister". Afp.google.com. http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jPjMFDWR5wix280l0R7irdv5THEg. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ Apr 24, 2008 (2008-04-24). "AFP: Martyrdom would solve Iran's economic woes: Ahmadinejad". Afp.google.com. http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jelVVHDZfukEAiK80qF88B6Q1Tpg. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ الف – واردات غیرقانونی بنزین را به دستور رئیسجمهور انجام دادهایم[dead link]
- ^ "تخلف دو ميليارد دلاري احمدينژاد در وارادات غيرقانوني بنزين ::". www.norooznews.ir. http://norooznews.ir/news/7088.php. Retrieved 2009-06-21. [dead link]
- ^ Leyne, Jon (2008-10-24). "Middle East | Iran economy facing 'perfect storm'". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7687107.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ "Assembly of Experts to study economic reform plan: Rafsanjani". Tehran Times. 23 August 2008. http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=175959. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
- ^ "Iran: Debate heats up over restructuring of Management and Planning Organization". Payvand. 18 October 2006. http://www.payvand.com/news/06/oct/1192.html. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
- ^ "Iran's leader taking over Oil Ministry temporarily, news agency says". CNN. 2011-05-16. http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/05/16/iran.ahmadinejad.oil/index.html?hpt=Sbin.
- ^ Ahmadinejad calls on Iranian girls to marry at 16, csmonitor.com, Scott Peterson, November 22, 2010
- ^ Wright, Robin, Dreams and Shadows : the Future of the Middle East, Penguin Press, 2008, p.321
- ^ "Ahmadinejad urges Iranian baby boom to challenge West" The Guardian. Retrieved 03-05-2007.
- ^ "Ebadi protests against Iran’s polygamy bill". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=&id=d2936dca-6f92-4333-bba3-a0e61c07edab&MatchID1=4737&TeamID1=8&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1194&MatchID2=4728&TeamID3=2&TeamID4=3&MatchType2=1&SeriesID2=1191&PrimaryID=4737&Headline=Ebadi+protests+against+Iran%e2%80%99s+polygamy+bill&strParent=strParentID. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ ""Reza's Compassion Fund" project archived." (in (Persian)). Rooz. Archived from the original on 2006-10-21. http://web.archive.org/web/20061021113903/http://roozonline.com/01newsstory/012137.shtml. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
- ^ "Video of Imam Reza Love Fund." IranNegah. Retrieved 18-05-2008.
- ^ "Reza's Compassion Fund; a political fund with 530 billion budget." (in (Persian)). Rooz. Archived from the original on 2006-07-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20060716094802/http://roozonline.com/01newsstory/016575.shtml. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
- ^ "World Report 2007" Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 26-01-2008.
- ^ "" Rajanews. Retrieved 26-01-2008.[dead link]
- ^ "" Rajanews. Retrieved 26-01-2008.[dead link]
- ^ Fathi, Nazila. "Students disrupt speech by Iran chief" New York Times. Retrieved 12-12-2006.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad's adviser criticizes hijab enforcement issue." Baztab. Retrieved 23 April 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Ahmad Vahdat (18 January 2012). "HIV created by West to enfeeble third world, claims Mahmoud Ahmadinejad". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/9023777/HIV-created-by-West-to-enfeeble-third-world-claims-Mahmoud-Ahmadinejad.html. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
- ^ "neYous Social Headline News Aggregator". Neyous.com. http://www.neyous.com. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
- ^ "Protest against the second cultural revolution." Rooz. Retrieved 18-10-2006.[dead link]
- ^ Irani, Hamid. "Cleansing in the Name of Retirement". Retrieved 18-10-2006.[not in citation given]
- ^ "Khoshchehreh (MP) protests against the unwanted retirement of university professors." Aftab News. Retrieved 18-10-2006.
- ^ "Different aspects of the unwanted retirement of university professors." Aftab News. Retrieved 18-10-2006.
- ^ "صدور حکم بازنشستگی برای ۵۳ استاد دانشگاه علم و صنعت، ادوار نيوز" Gooya. Retrieved 26-01-2008.
- ^ a b Theodoulou, Michael. "Protesters condemn Holocaust conference.". The Scotsman. http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=1841632006. Retrieved Retrieved 06-05-2007.
- ^ "President: Students are pioneers of revolutionary movements – Irna". http://www.irna.com/en/news/view/line-17/0612111551150517.htm. ][dead link]
- ^ 14:29:55 (2006-12-12). "Films of yesterday protest in Iran are leaking out « Connections پیوست". Peyvast.blog.com. Archived from the original on May 7, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080507060133/http%3A//peyvast.blog.com/1353199/. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ [1] Archived March 7, 2008 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
- ^ [2] Archived March 7, 2008 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
- ^ "Freedom and Liberty". Ahmadinejad's English Blog. http://www.ahmadinejad.ir/en/freedom/. [dead link]
- ^ Nazila Fathi (12 December 2006). "Students disrupt speech by Iran chief". New York Times News Service. http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,650214386,00.html.
- ^ "Ahamadinejad: "We will reach the nuclear energy in near future." BBC News. Retrieved 29-10-2006.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad Claims Iran Has 3,000 Centrifuges" Missile Defense Advocacy. Retrieved 04-09-2007.[dead link]
- ^ "Excerpts: Ahmadinejad conference." BBC News. Retrieved 29-10-2006.
- ^ a b Goodman, Amy; Gonzalez, Juan (2008-09-26). "Ahmadinejad: Nukes for not politically progressive states". Press TV. http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=70578§ionid=3510302. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad: Iran can now talk to world from vantage point of a nuclear state." Arabic News. Retrieved 29-10-2006.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad: Iran nuke right non-negotiable." UPI. Retrieved 12-06-2006.
- ^ Ravid, Barak (2011-06-12). ""Sources: UN watchdog hiding evidence on Iran nuclear program." Haaretz". Haaretz.com. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1108564.html. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ "Nuclear Inspections Are Curbed by Iran." The Washington Post.
- ^ "Iran's Nuclear Program." The New York Times.
- ^ "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad: 'Nuclear Issue of Iran Is Now Closed'." FOX News.
- ^ "Iran Test-Fires Missile With 1,200-Mile Range." The New York Times.
- ^ Recknagel, Charles. "Iran: Election Of Ahmadinejad Unlikely To Affect Nuclear Negotiations." Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 29-102006.
- ^ "Iran rebukes its prez over N-policy." The Times of India. Retrieved 26-01-2008.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad: Nations jealous of nuclear progress". Retrieved 24-02-2008.
- ^ "Mousavi: Iran will never halt enrichment". PressTV.IR. 14 April 2009. http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=91361§ionid=351020101. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
- ^ "Iran 'ready for nuclear agreement' – Middle East". Al Jazeera English. 2009-10-29. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/10/2009102984633409448.html. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
- ^ "Iran proposes big changes to draft atom deal: report". Reuters. 2009-10-29. http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSLT25626120091029?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=11621.
- ^ Crisis Group (2007-02-06). "International Crisis Group, Iran: Ahmadi-Nejad’s Tumultuous Presidency, 6 February 2007". Crisisgroup.org. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080709030746/http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=4647&l=1. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ "Iran's President Threatens Crackdown on Christianity" CBN News. Retrieved 27-01-2008.
- ^ "دفاع از اظهارات احمدینژاد عليه مسيحيت و يهود، آفتاب" (in Persian). Gooya. 7 June 2007. http://news.gooya.eu/politics/archives/2007/06/060469.php. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Harrison, Frances. "Iran police move into fashion business". Retrieved 16-04-2007.
- ^ "روزنامه هاشمي": بوسه احمدینژاد بر دست معلم سالخوردهاش، اشكال شرعي دارد!" Ansar News. Retrieved 27-01-2008.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad accused of indecency" BBC News. Retrieved 28-01-2008.
- ^ a b The Ayatollah Begs to Differ : The Paradox of Modern Iran by Hooman Majd, Doubleday, 2008, p.79
- ^ "Iran President Ahmadinejad In Rows With 3 Leading Officials – AFP". Nasdaq.com. http://www.nasdaq.com/aspxcontent/NewsStory.aspx?cpath=20080422%5CACQDJON200804220542DOWJONESDJONLINE000190.htm&&mypage=newsheadlines&title=Iran%20President%20Ahmadinejad%20In%20Rows%20With%203%20Leading%20Officials%20-%20AFP. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad Attacks Haddad Adel (Iran Press Service)". Iran Press Service. http://www.iran-press-service.com/ips/articles-2008/april-2008/ahmadinejad-attacks-haddad-adel.shtml. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ "Press TV – Haddad-Adel: Constitution not violated". Presstv.ir. 2008-04-23. http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=52720§ionid=351020101. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ الف – پاسخ رئیسمجلس به رئیسجمهور[dead link]
- ^ "Statement: Mr Ali Kordan". The University of Oxford. 2008-08-15. http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2008/080815.html. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ "سوابق اخلاقي". Rooz online. 2008-08-14. Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822005850/http://www.roozonline.com/archives/2008/08/post_8726.php. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
- ^ "تصویر سند بازداشت عوض علی کردان به اتهام ازاله بکارت" (in Persian). Peykeiran. 2008-08-18. http://www.peykeiran.com/iran_news_body.aspx?ID=52649. Retrieved 2008-08-18. [dead link]
- ^ "IC Publications". Africasia.com. http://www.africasia.com/services/news/newsitem.php?area=mideast&item=081104102917.yxb25ese.php. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ Erdbrink, Thomas (2008-11-04). "Scandal, Fistfight Erupt Over Impeachment Move in Iran". washingtonpost.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/03/AR2008110301757.html?hpid=moreheadlines. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ "Middle East | Iran minister sacked over forgery". BBC News. 2008-11-04. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7707963.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ Roshanak Taghavi (2009-02-07). "Iran Missing More Than $1 Bln In Surplus Oil Revenue – Report". Dow Jones Newswires. http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20090207-700479.html?mod=. Retrieved 2009-02-23. [dead link]
- ^ "Iran examines missing oil revenue". United Press International. 2009-02-16. http://www.upi.com/Energy_Resources/2009/02/16/Iran_examines_missing_oil_revenue/UPI-25891234800966/. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ "Iran looks into missing $1B oil money". presstv. 2009-02-05. http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=84719§ionid=351020102. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ "Oil Money Report Rejected". Iran newspaper. 2009-02-21. http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3346/html/economy.htm#s364827. Retrieved 2009-02-23. [dead link]
- ^ "Majlis searching for $1B missing oil money". presstv. 2009-02-15. http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=85792§ionid=351020102. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ a b Is Ahmadinejad on His Way Out? Insdie Iran | May 25th, 2011 *articles published on May 25 to multiple popular conservative pro-Khamenei news sites accused the president (Farsi language) of giving $80 dollars per person to as many as 9 million Iranians before the June 2009 elections. Shortly after the publication of these stories, within a matter of hours, the Iranian parliament voted to investigate these allegations (Farsi language). ]
- ^ Ayatollah: Iran’s president ‘bewitched’ by senior aide, Thomas Erdbrink, Washington Post, 15 May 2011,
- ^ a b Fathi, Nazila (2008-01-07). "Ahmadinejad loses favor with Khamenei, Iran's top leader". Nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/07/world/africa/07iht-tehran.4.9063096.html. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b c Clash Over Mashaei Reveals Fissures Within the Iranian Regime, 04/26/11
- ^ Ahmadinejad gets key endorsement as Iran president,(Agencies), Updated: 2009-08-04
- ^ Ayatollah Ali Khamenei backs Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in address at Friday prayers, By Damien McElroy, Foreign Affairs Correspondent, 19 Jun 2009
- ^ a b c Saeed Kamali Dehghan (2011-05-05). "Ahmadinejad allies charged with sorcery". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/05/ahmadinejad-allies-charged-with-sorcery. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b c d Iranian lawmakers warn Ahmadinejad to accept intelligence chief as political feud deepens, Associated Press, April 20, 2011
- ^ a b c Spy flap weakens Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, LA Times, May 2, 2011
- ^ a b Iran's Ahmadinejad survives worst storm of his presidency csmonitor.com, By Scott Peterson, May 9, 2011
- ^ Iran's supreme leader tells Ahmadinejad: accept minister or quit, Saeed Kamali Dehghan, guardian.co.uk, 6 May 2011
- ^ "Ahmadinejad blames West for AIDS". Associated Press via The Jerusalem Post. July 29, 2008. http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1215331135767.
- ^ a b President Ahmadinejad, Part 2 CBS via YouTube
- ^ "Iran president says UN sanctions unlikely", CNN, April 24, 2006.
- ^ "Presidency of The Islamic Republic of Iran News Service". President.ir. 2008-06-03. http://web.archive.org/web/20110716100837/http://www.president.ir/en/?ArtID=10114. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad says Israel will "disappear"". Reuters. 2008-06-03. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL0261250620080603.
- ^ Fathi, Nazila (2005-27-10). "Wipe Israel 'off the map' Iranian says". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/26/world/africa/26iht-iran.html. Retrieved 2005-27-10.
- ^ Steele, Jonathan. Lost in translation, The Guardian, June 14, 2006.
- ^ . http://news.yahoo.com/israeli-deputy-pm-ahmadinejad-didn-t-actually-israel-215412630.html;_ylt=AqKsX8kVzpOfG3Lv5jhPV1q1qHQA;_ylu=X3oDMTQ4ZWNndXNqBG1pdANUb3BTdG9yeSBXb3JsZFNGIE1pZGRsZUVhc3RTU0YEcGtnAzc0NGY2YmE3LTQ1YzctM2Y0My05ODkzLWY3Y2E3MjUzOGI1OARwb3MDMQRzZWMDdG9wX3N0b3J5BHZlcgM4N2ZkNzYyMC04YmZjLTExZTEtYjNiZi1iY2NjYzNhMjk1ZGY-;_ylg=X3oDMTFrM25vcXFyBGludGwDdXMEbGFuZwNlbi11cwRwc3RhaWQDBHBzdGNhdAMEcHQDc2VjdGlvbnMEdGVzdAM-;_ylv=3.
- ^ "UN Scrutiny Won't Make Iran Quit Nuclear Effort, President Says" Naila Fathi, New York Times. January 15, 2006.U.N. Scrutiny Won't Make Iran Quit Nuclear Effort, President Says - New York Times
- ^
- "Holocaust comments spark outrage", BBC News, Accessed 14-12-2005.
- "Iran leader's comments attacked", BBC News, Accessed 27-01-2008.
- Esfandiari, Golnaz. "Iran: President's Latest Comments About Israel Spark Further Condemnation". Radio Free Europe. Accessed 28-01-2008.
- Vick, Karl and Mary Jordan. "World Leaders Condemn Iranian's Call to Wipe Israel 'Off the Map'". Washington Post. Accessed 28-10-2005.
- "NCC Condemns Ahmadinejad’s Holocaust Statement". National Council of Churches. Accessed 16-12-2007.
- Slackman, Michael. "In Tehran, a riposte to the Danish cartoons". The New York Times, Accessed 24-09-2007.
- "Germans Protest Against Ahmadinejad, Racism As Cup Opens". Deutsche Welle, Accessed 11-06-2006.
- "Annan: 'Dismay' over Iranian comments on Israel". CNN. Accessed 27-09-2007.
- Fathi, Nazila. "Text of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's Speech". New York Times. Accessed 17-10-2006.
- "Iran vote seen as referendum on Ahmadinejad". The Boston Globe. Accessed 27-12-2006.
- Bronner, Ethan. "Just How Far Did They Go, Those Words Against Israel?" The New York Times. Accessed 11-06-2006.
- "Ahmadinejad misunderstood, says Iran". The Daily Times of Pakistan. Retrieved 22-02-2006.
- ^ "Iranian leader: Holocaust a 'myth'". CNN. 14-12-2006.[dead link]
- ^ "Diplomats walk out as Ahmadinejad rails against Israel in UN". Haaretz. 2009-09-24. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1116678.html.
- ^
- "Iran team face mass protest", The Guardian, Accessed 11-06-2007.
- "Eurovision may ban Israeli entry due to lyrics on nuclear war", Haaretz, Accessed 03-02-2007.
- "Iran's Rhetoric on Holocaust Anger German Muslims", Deutsche Welle, Accessed 18-02-2007.
- Smith-Spark, Laura. "Racism fears dog World Cup build-up". BBC News. Accessed 26-05-2006.
- "Annan condemns Holocaust denial". BBC News. Accessed 27-01-2006.
- "He was defeated by the even more hard-line and anti-Semitic Mahmoud Ahmadinejad...". Joel C. Rosenberg. Epicenter: Why the Current Rumblings in the Middle East Will Change Your Future, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2006, p. 109, ISBN 978-1-4143-1135-7
- "Israel Wants West to Deal More Urgently With Iran" The New York Times. Accessed 28-03-2008.
- "NCC Condemns Ahmadinejad’s Holocaust Statement", National Council of Churches. Retrieved 16-12-2005.
- ^ Namiech, Ophelie (2009-10-02). "How a nice Jewish girl met Iranian madman Mahmoud Ahmadinejad". New York: Nydailynews.com. http://www.nydailynews.com/opinions/2009/10/02/2009-10-02_how_a_nice_jewish_girl_met_iranian_madman_mahmoud_ahmadinejad.html. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad's speech @ Columbia university – a transcript". 25 September 2007. http://ahmadinejadspeech.blogspot.com/. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
- ^ "Iranian leader 'not anti-Semite'". BBC. 21 September 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5368458.stm. Retrieved 2007-04-08. "'Some people think if they accuse me of being anti-Jew they can solve the problem. No, I am not anti-Jew. I respect them very much.'"
- ^ Middle East peace talks are 'doomed to fail', says Ahmadinejad | World news | guardian.co.uk. Guardian. Retrieved on 2011-02-03.
- ^ Iran's Ahmadinejad calls on Palestinians to fight on. Reuters. Retrieved on 2011-02-03.
- ^ Jeremy Bowen (2010-09-03). "Mid-East talks doomed, says Iranian leader Ahmadinejad". Bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11175834. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ Video: Ahmadinejad pours scorn on Middle East peace talks. Telegraph (2010-09-03). Retrieved on 2011-02-03.
- ^ Iran continues back-and-forth barbs with Palestinians over peace talks – CNN. Articles.cnn.com (2010-09-05). Retrieved on 2011-02-03.
- ^ Progress of Middle East peace talks 'a surprise'. The Australian (2010-09-06). Retrieved on 2011-02-03.
- ^ "YouTube: Full speech by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad at UN". Russia Today. 23 September 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4phNuwx8Hs. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
- ^ "Barack Obama condemns Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's UN speech". BBC. 2010-09-25. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-11407326. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
- ^ In Beirut, Iranian President Ahmadinejad Reiterates 9/11 Conspiracy, Accuses the West in Al-Hariri Assassination The Middle East Media Research Institute. Special Dispatch No.3304. October 18, 2010
- ^ Cohen, Dudi. "Iranian president questions Holocaust, 9/11." Ynetnews. 25 June 2011. 25 June 2011.
- ^ Hanrahan, Mark (2011-09-28). "Al Qaeda Calls On Mahmoud Ahmadinejad To End 'Ridiculous' 9/11 Conspiracy Theories Huffington Post September 28, 2011". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/28/al-qaeda-ahmadinejad-end-911-theories_n_985265.html. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
- ^ funshahd (2009-07-12). "Where and When Ahmadinejad was marrie?". Funshad.com. http://www.funshad.com/View/aroosi-ahmadinejad.html. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
- ^ "Bio: Ahmadinejad". Fr.j post.com. http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1145961353570&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad's younger son was married". onlineha.con. 2011-03-12. http://www.onlineha.com/19365-%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF/. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
- ^ "Iran's Ahmadinejad Heckled at University". Newsmax.com. 2006-12-12. http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2006/12/11/164728.shtml. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ "President's Family". Tabnak.ir. http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/193596/%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
Further reading[link]
- Harris, David (2004), The Crisis: the President, the Prophet, and the Shah—1979 and the Coming of Militant Islam, New York: Little, Brown, ISBN 978-0-316-32394-9
- "Referral of Iranian President Ahmadinejad on the Charge of Incitement to Commit Genocide" by Justus Reid Weiner, Esq., with Amb. Meir Rosenne, Prof. Elie Wiesel, Amb. Dore Gold, Irit Kohn, Adv., Amb. Eytan Bentsur, and MK Dan Naveh
- Ali Rahnema, Superstition as Ideology in Iranian Politics: From Majlesi to Ahmadinejad, Cambridge University Press, 2011 (Reviewed in The Montréal Review), ISBN 978-0-521-18221-8
External links[link]
| Find more about Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary |
 |
Images and media from Commons |
 |
Learning resources from Wikiversity |
 |
News stories from Wikinews |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
 |
Source texts from Wikisource |
 |
Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- Official website of the President of Iran
- Blog of President Ahmadinejad
- Biography at CIDOB Foundation
- Video Archive of President Ahmadinejad at Irannegah.com
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on Charlie Rose
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad collected news and commentary at Dawn
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad collected news and commentary at Ha'aretz
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad collected news and commentary at The Jerusalem Post
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
- People Who Mattered: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Time, 16 December 2006
- The Results As They Came In, Andrew Sullivan, The Atlantic, 13 June 2009
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Hossein Taheri as Governor of East Azerbaijan |
Governor of Ardabil 1993–1997 |
Succeeded by Javad Negarandeh |
| Preceded by Mohammad-Hassan Malekmadani |
Mayor of Tehran 2003–2005 |
Succeeded by Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf |
| Preceded by Mohammad Khatami |
President of Iran 2005–present |
Incumbent |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Mehdi Chamran |
Leader of Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran 2004–present |
Incumbent |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by Abdelaziz Bouteflika |
Chairperson of the Group of 15 2006–2010 |
Succeeded by Mahinda Rajapaksa |
| Order of precedence | ||
| Preceded by Ali Khamenei as Supreme Leader |
Order of Precedence of Iran as President |
Succeeded by Ali Larijani as Speaker of Parliament |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | 6th President of Iran |
| Date of birth | 28 October 1956 |
| Place of birth | Aradan, Iran |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Rich Little | |
|---|---|
 Rich Little performing as George Burns in 2004 |
|
| Born | (1938-11-26) November 26, 1938 (age 73) Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
| Medium | Stand-up comedy, television |
| Nationality | Canadian, American |
| Years active | 1963—present |
| Genres | Observational comedy |
| Subject(s) | Impersonations, popular culture |
| Spouse | Marie Marotta (2003–2010) Jeannette Markey (1994–1997) Jeanne Worden (1971–1989), 1 daughter |
| Website | richlittle.com |
Richard Caruthers "Rich" Little (born November 26, 1938) is a Canadian-American impressionist and voice actor. He has long been known throughout the world as a top impersonator of famous people, resulting in his nickname, "The Man of a Thousand Voices", not to be confused with the legendary voice actor: Mel Blanc.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Little was the middle of three sons. His father was a doctor. In his early teens, he formed a partnership with Geoff Scott, another budding impressionist, concentrating on reproducing the voices of Canadian politicians such as then-Prime Minister John Diefenbaker and Ottawa mayor Charlotte Whitton (Geoff went on to become a politician). They were performing professionally in night clubs by age 17.
Career[link]
Rich was an usher at the Elgin Movie Theatre in Ottawa where he would perfect his voices when standing at the back of the theatre. He started his amateur acting career at Ottawa's Little Theatre winning his first acting award at the Eastern Ontario Drama Festival in Deep River, Ontario. He went on to become a successful disc jockey, frequently incorporating impersonations into his show. In 1963, he was asked to audition by Mel Tormé, who was producing a new variety show for Judy Garland. The audition won him the job and in 1964, Little made his American television debut on CBS's The Judy Garland Show, where he astounded Garland with his imitations of various male celebrities. His impression of James Mason in A Star Is Born thrilled Garland, and his popularity began to grow.
In 1966 and 1967, Little appeared in ABC-TV's Judy Carne sitcom Love on a Rooftop as the Willises' eccentric neighbor, Stan Parker. He appeared on That Girl in 1967 as a writer who impressed Marlo Thomas' character with his impersonations. Little was a frequent guest on variety and talk shows. He cracked up Johnny Carson by capturing the Tonight Show host's voice and many on-stage mannerisms perfectly (he later played Carson in the HBO TV-movie The Late Shift). One of his best known impressions is of U.S. President Richard Nixon. (In 1991 he reprised the role of Nixon as ideal sperm donor in Gina's fantasies on the soap opera Santa Barbara.) During the 1970s, Little made many television appearances portraying Nixon. He was a regular guest on The Dean Martin Celebrity Roasts in the 1970s and was also a semi-regular on the Emmy-winning ABC-TV variety series The Julie Andrews Hour in 1972-1973. This particular series proved to be a wonderful showcase for Little's talents as an impressionist. In fact, because of his uncanny yet brilliant imitation of Jack Benny, the comedian sent Little an 18-carat gold money clip containing this message: "With Bob Hope doing my walk and you doing my voice, I can be a star and do nothing." He was named "Comedy Star of the Year" by the American Guild of Variety Artists in 1974.
His best-known continuing TV series was The Kopycats, hour-long segments of The ABC Comedy Hour, first broadcast in 1972. Taped in England, these comedy-variety shows consisted entirely of celebrity impersonations, with the actors in full costume and makeup for every sketch. The cast included Rich Little, Frank Gorshin, Marilyn Michaels, George Kirby, British comedian Joe Baker, Fred Travalena, Charlie Callas, and Peter Goodwright.
The Rich Little Show (1976) and The New You Asked for It (1981) were attempts to present Little in his own person, away from his gallery of characterizations.
In 1981 Little appeared in a comedy LP called The First Family Rides Again, which was the fourth and final 'First Family' comedy LPs originally created by Bob Booker and Earle Doud. Little starred along with Melanie Chartoff, Micheal Richards, Shelly Black, Jenilee Harrison, Earle Doud, and Vaughn Meader, making light of the Pres. Reagan years in the White House.
Little has starred in various HBO specials including the 1978 one-man show, Rich Little's Christmas Carol. He has also appeared in several movies and released nine albums. When David Niven proved too ill for his voice to be used in his appearances in Trail of the Pink Panther (1982) and Curse of the Pink Panther (1983), Little provided the overdub. (Ironically, Little provided the voice for the Pink Panther cartoon character in two experimental 1965 cartoons called Sink Pink and Pink Ice.) He rendered similar assistance for the 1991 TV special Christmas at the Movies by providing an uncredited dub for the aging actor/dancer Gene Kelly. As a native Canadian, he also lent his voice to the narration of two specials which were the forerunners for the animated series The Raccoons: The Christmas Raccoons and The Raccoons on Ice.[1]
Little was the host for the 2007 White House Correspondents' Association dinner. Although President George W. Bush was reported to have enjoyed Little's performance, it was panned by some reviewers for "his ancient jokes and impressions of dead people (Johnny Carson, Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan)."[2][3][4]
Little voices as a guest star in Futurama such as Futurama: Bender's Game, playing his own celebrity head: "Rich Little here, as Howard Cosell." Many times he plays a sports commentator.
Other interests[link]
Little has been active in several charities including the Juvenile Diabetes Fund and the Children's Miracle Network. He has been named to Miami Children's Hospital International Pediatrics Hall of Fame and been honored by the naming of the Rich Little Special Care Nursery at Ottawa Civic Hospital.
Personal life[link]
Little was married to Jeanne Worden from 1971 until their divorce in 1989. The couple have a daughter, Bria. He married Jeannette Markey in 1994; they divorced in 1997. He was married to Marie Marotta from 2003 until her death in 2010. (She died of a deliberate overdose of sleeping pills on July 15, 2010 after suffering from chronic pain.[5])
Little resides in Las Vegas, where he often performs. He was sworn in as an American citizen in a Las Vegas courtroom on January 10, 2008.
References[link]
- ^ The Christmas Raccoons and The Raccoons on Ice at YouTube
- ^ Akers, Mary Ann. "Rich Little Bravely Answers Washington's Call", The Washington Post, 23 April 2007.
- ^ Adams, Richard. Every day is a whining Rove, The Guardian, 23 April 2007.
- ^ Harper, Tim. Jokes leave Washington a Little cold, The Toronto Star, 23 April 2007.
- ^ Lofaro, Tony. "Rich Little's wife dies of apparent overdose", The Ottawa Citizen, 16 July 2010.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rich Little |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Little, Rich |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | November 26, 1938 |
| Place of birth | Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Rich_Little
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Little
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (December 2011) |
| Gerald Celente | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1946-11-29) November 29, 1946 (age 65) The Bronx, New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Ethnicity | White |
| Occupation | Trend forecaster |
Gerald Celente (born November 29, 1946) is an American trend forecaster,[1][2] publisher of the Trends Journal, business consultant[3] and author who makes predictions about the global financial markets and other events of historical importance. Celente has described himself as a "political atheist" and "citizen of the world".[4] He has appeared as a guest on television news shows such as The Oprah Winfrey Show, The Today Show, Good Morning America, CBS Morning News, The Glenn Beck Show, NBC Nightly News, The Alex Jones Show and Russia Today.[5][6][7]
Contents |
Background[link]
Celente was born in The Bronx, New York City, New York. He had early political experience running a mayoral campaign in Yonkers, New York and served as executive assistant to the secretary of the New York State Senate, which Celente called the worst job he ever had.[8] From 1973 to 1979 Celente traveled between Chicago and Washington D.C. as a government affairs specialist.[8] In 1980 Celente founded The Trends Research Institute (at first called the Socio-Economic Research Institute of America), now located in Kingston, New York, publisher of the Trends Journal which forecasts and analyzes business, socioeconomic, political, and other trends.[9]
Forecasting[link]
His forecasts since 1993 [10] have included predictions about terrorism, economic collapses and war. More recent forecasts involve fascism in the United States, food riots and tax revolts.[3][11][12][13][14][15] Celente has long predicted global anti-Americanism, a failing economy and immigration woes in the U.S.[11] In December 2007 Celente wrote, "Failing banks, busted brokerages, toppled corporate giants, bankrupt cities, states in default, foreign creditors cashing out of US securities ... whatever the spark, the stage is set for panic in the streets" and "Just as the Twin Towers collapsed from the top down, so too will the U.S. economy ... when the giant firms fall, they’ll crush the man on the street." He has also predicted tax revolts.[16][17] In November 2008 Celente appeared on Fox Business Network and predicted economic depression, tax rebellions and food riots in the United States by 2012.[18] Celente also predicted an "economic 9/11" and a "panic of 2008."[19]
In 2009 Celente predicted turmoil which he described as "Obamageddon" and he was a popular guest on conservative cable-TV shows such as Fox News Sunday and Glenn Beck's television program.[6] In April 2009 Celente wrote, "Wall Street controls our financial lives; the media manipulates our minds. These systems cannot be changed from within. There is no alternative. Without a revolution, these institutions will bankrupt the country, keep fighting failed wars, start new ones, and hold us in perpetual intellectual subjugation."[20] He appeared on the Glenn Beck show and criticized the U.S. stimulus plan of 2009, calling government controlled capitalism "fascism" and saying shopping malls in the U.S. would become "ghost malls."[21] Celente has said, "smaller communities, the smaller groups, the smaller states, the more self-sustaining communities, will 'weather the crisis in style' as big cities and hypertrophic suburbias descend into misery and conflict," and forecasts "a downsizing of America."[14]
Revolution in the USA[link]
On Russia Today, he predicted that the USA would face a revolution.[22]
Neosurvivalism[link]
Celente's website has stated that:
| “ | In 2010, survivalism will go mainstream. Unemployed or fearing it, foreclosed or nearing it, pensions lost and savings gone, all sorts of folk who once believed in the system have lost their faith. Motivated not by worst-case scenario fears but by do-or-die necessity, the new non-believers, unwilling to go under or live on the streets, will devise ingenious stratagems to beat the system, get off the grid (as much as possible), and stay under the radar. | ” |
Predictions[link]
2009[link]
"The Crash of '09 was as dramatic as the crash of '29. The New Depression had begun." (Trends Journal, Summer 2008, pg. 12)
2010[link]
Some areas of the U.S. are experiencing resurgences in real estate values due to highly localized factors, and some investors profit from this. However, the rises will almost all stop and reverse with time, and the overall national trend in real estate values is downward. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 8)
Ghost malls have become a common sight across America. Especially hard-hit are big chain stores (Sears, Home Depot, etc.). (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 8)
2011[link]
Developers have begun rehabbing some of the ghost malls for more productive uses. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 9)
2012[link]
The economic policies of the U.S. government over the past few years have failed to fix America's fundamental problems and have merely papered over them and in fact made them worse. By 2012, the "American Empire" is collapsing. In the U.S., basic staple goods like quality food and water are too expensive for most people to afford,(T.J. Summer 08, pg. 1) and "food riots" happen across the country (T.J. Summer 09, pg.1). Major American cities look like disaster zones, and mass homelessness exists across the country. Crime is rampant, with much of it being directed at the rich. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 1) Kidnappings and ransomings of rich people are on the rise. Average people fed up with big government, high taxes and out-of-control spending join tax revolts. (T.J. Summer 09, pg. 1) The world is also experiencing major environmental problems and "the blackest of plagues." The global financial system has also "melted down" and the situation is very bad outside the U.S.(T.J. Summer 08, pg. 1) The advanced industrial economies collapse first, and their sagging consumer spending drags down the export-based economies of emerging economies next.(T.J. Summer 09, pg. 2) The economy is as bad as it was during the Great Depression in many ways. In spite of all this, the U.S. government, power elites, and mainstream media continue to insist that the fundamentals of the world economy are sound, and that official policies can lead to a recovery. A growing number of average people, however, doubt this. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 1)
While the Mayan and Hopi prophecies of global destruction do not come to pass, 2012 is indeed a watershed year that sees the death of an ailing and unsustainable global economic system and lifestyle and its replacement with something better. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 2)
By 2012, Obama is viewed by most as a stale president who sold himself as a fresh, visionary candidate in 2008 and instead proved to be a servant of the big corporations and the military-industrial complex like his predecessors.(T.J. Summer 09, pg. 5) His economic policies only delayed disaster and in fact have made the situation worse: Expansionary monetary policy and the various government bailouts and stimulus programs create a "Bailout Bubble" that invariably bursts in a cataclysm for the U.S. and world economy.(T.J. Summer 09, pg. 11) Obama blames other factors for this and might have even tried to start a war by 2012 to distract attention from the domestic misery.(T.J. Summer 09, pg. 12) Obama's foreign policy has also failed to accomplish anything significant on the world stage, and Pakistan is a mess and the Afghan war continues to drag on without hope of conclusion.(T.J. Summer 09, pg. 12)
In the 2012 U.S. elections, online news sites, bloggers and independent journalists wield as much influence on voters as mainstream media outlets (TV, cable, magazines, newspapers) for the first time. This breaks the corporate and moneyed stranglehold on American politics and allows a third party to attain nation-level recognition. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 5)
Broad future trends[link]
Americans will adapt to lower standards of living and will travel less, both on a daily basis and for vacations. Higher fuel costs, advances in telecommuting and an aging American population will push many more people to work from home or close to home. Walking-distance communities will be constructed and will become popular. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 7)
Geographically isolated resort destinations like Las Vegas will wither due to higher fuel costs, lower American incomes and increased overseas competition while vacation spots closer to population centers will revive. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 9)
Government-run lotteries, on the other hand, will thrive. (T.J. Summer 08, pg. 9)
In America and to a lesser extent overseas, consumer spending habits will be motivated out of fear and escapism. Businesses that capitalize upon this will succeed. (T.J. Summer 09, pg. 24)
Publications[link]
- Trend Tracking: The System to Profit from Today's Trends (1991), ISBN 978-0446392877
- Trends 2000: How to Prepare for and Profit from the Changes of the 21st Century (1997), ISBN 978-0446519014
- What Zizi Gave Honeyboy: A True Story about Love, Wisdom, and the Soul of America (2002), ISBN 978-0066212661
References[link]
- ^ Alderman, Leslie, Seven great businesses for you to start in 1998, money.cnn.com, 15 December 1997, retrieved 3 August 2009
- ^ Hopkins, Steve, Doctor doom - For 2008, Gerald Celente predicts the total collapse of an already damaged economy, WeeklyBeat.net, 23 February 2009, retrieved 3 August 2009
- ^ a b Naughton, Keith, Can Toyota Get Its Mojo Back?, newsweek.com, 17 January 2000, retrieved 3 August 2009
- ^ trendsresearch.com, Gerald Celente, retrieved 16 August 2009
- ^ trendsresearch.com, TV news, retrieved 16 August 2009
- ^ a b foxnews.com, Glenn Beck's War Room, 23 February 2009, retrieved 3 August 2009
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGC7zRxo8k0
- ^ a b Jones, Alex, Alex Jones show, KLBJ (AM), Fascism has come to America , 9 June 2010.
- ^ Thompson, Carolyn, Profiting from seeing into future... Trends translate into predictions of the demands to come, Saint Louis Post-Dispatch, p. 3D, 19 September 1990
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b Dunn, Brad, Happy new year, or '01 to forget?, Daily News Express, 14 December 2000, retrieved 3 August 2009
- ^ Kane, Michael, Gerald Celente trend forecaster knows which way the wind blows, nypost.com, 11 August 2008, retrieved 3 August 2009
- ^ Bader, Jenny Lyn, Ideas & trends - Forget the millennium. Try to predict one week, nytimes.com, 26 December 1999, retrieved 3 August 2009
- ^ a b Ketcham, Christopher, Trends for downsizing the US: The Bright side of the panic of ‘08, atlanticfreepress.com, 27 January 2008, retrieved 3 August 2009
- ^ McGrath, Ben, American chronicles - The dystopians (p. 41, mentions Celente), newyorker.com, 26 January 2009, retrieved 3 August 2009
- ^ Celente, Gerald, Trends journal (scanned print article carried on Celente's website), trendsresearch.com, Winter 2008, retrieved 16 August 2009
- ^ Celente, Gerald, Top Trends 2008: Panic and fear – Solutions and hope, December 2007, retrieved 5 August 2009
- ^ Fox Business Network, (video carried at peoplestar.co.uk), 14 November 2008, retrieved 3 August 2008
- ^ De Borchgrave, Nostradamus redux, washingtontimes.com, 24 November 2008, retrieved 5 August 2009
- ^ Celente, Gerald, Celente calls for "revolution" as the only solution, 14 April 2009, retrieved 16 August 2009
- ^ Fox TV, Gerald Celente: $2000 gold and the break up of the US (video clip carried on YouTube), 2 April 2009, retrieved 16 August 2009
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhaEc_4zuFI&feature=related
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Celente, Gerald |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American trend forecaster |
| Date of birth | November 29, 1946 |
| Place of birth | The Bronx, New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Gerald_Celente
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Celente
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
