- published: 29 Dec 2006
- views: 25395
- author: Lotfollah
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- Abarkuh
- Abarkuh County
- Adobe
- Agiary
- Ahmadabad, Yazd
- Amol
- Andaruni
- Aqda
- Arab
- Ardakan
- Ardakan County
- Ashkezar
- Azari style
- Bafq
- Bafq County
- Bahrain
- Bakhsh
- Bakhtiari people
- Baklava
- Bam, Iran
- Bazaar
- Behabad
- Behabad County
- Bukhara
- Candy store
- Capital city
- Caravansary
- Caravanserai
- Chak Chak, Iran
- Counties of Iran
- Ctesiphon
- Dalan e Vorudi
- Dasht-e Kavir
- Dasht-e Lut
- Daylight saving time
- Derbent
- Deyhuk
- Eshqabad, Yazd
- Farah Province
- Farah, Afghanistan
- Genghis Khan
- GEOnet
- Ghotab
- Gonbad
- Gur-e Amir
- Habibollah Bitaraf
- Hamidiya
- Hashti
- Herat
- Herat, Iran
- Homs
- Howz
- Hungary
- Imamzadeh
- Indonesia
- Injuids
- Iran
- Iran Daylight Time
- Iran Standard Time
- Iranian architecture
- Isfahan
- Isfahan (city)
- Isfahani style
- Islam
- Islamic architecture
- Iwan
- Jakarta
- Jameh mosque of Yazd
- Jászberény
- Kashan
- Kerman
- Khanqah
- Khatam County
- Khezrabad
- Khorasani style
- Kucheh
- List of mosques
- Marco Polo
- Marvast
- Mashhad
- Medes
- Mehdi Azar Yazdi
- Mehrdasht
- Mehriz
- Mehriz County
- Merv
- Meybod
- Meybod County
- Mohammad Ali Sadouqi
- Mohammad Khatami
- Mohammad Rahmati
- Mohammad Reza Aref
- Mosaic
- Moshe Katsav
- Mosque
- Muzaffarids
- Nadushan
- Nir, Yazd
- Nishapur
- Oasis
- Panjdari
- Parsi style
- Parthian style
- Pashmak
- Persepolis
- Persian architecture
- Persian Empire
- Persian gardens
- Persian language
- Provinces of Iran
- Qajar dynasty
- Qanat
- Qazvin (city)
- Qom
- Razi style
- Robat
- Romanize
- S. Mehdi Ezzabady
- S. Morteza Ezzabady
- Saduq County
- Saeed Mortazavi
- Sahn
- Samarkand
- Sarv-e Abarqu
- Sassanid
- Shabestan
- Shahediyeh
- Shahrisabz
- Shaikh Abu Ishaq
- Shir Kuh
- Shiraz, Iran
- Silk
- Susa
- Syria
- Tabas
- Tabas County
- Tabriz
- Taft County
- Taft, Yazd
- Takht-i-Suleiman
- Talar
- Tehran
- Tekyeh
- Time zone
- Tourism
- Tower
- Tower of Silence
- University of Yazd
- UTC+3 30
- UTC+4 30
- Vahshi Bafghi
- Windcatcher
- Yakhchal
- Yazd
- Yazd County
- Yazd province
- Yazd Province
- Yazdegerd I
- Ysatis
- Zarach, Iran
- Ziyarat
- Zoroastrian
-
Abarkuh
Abarkuh (Persian: ابركوه, also Romanized as Abarkūh, Abar Kūh, Abarghoo, Abarkū, Abar Qū, and Abarqūh) is a city in and capital of Abarkuh County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20,994, in 5,880 families.
Abarkuh is located at an altitude of 1510 metres (4954 feet). An ancient living cypress tree, the Sarv-e-Abarqu, is located here.
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Amol
Amol (Persian: آمل – [ɒmol];
pronunciation (help·info);[missing stress] also Romanized as Āmol and Amul) is a city in and the capital of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 197,470, in 55,183 families. Amol and the old part of town is the first of the four towns that populate the world in which there is Nzamyh. Amol is a city of strategic accounts from beginning to end.Shia state in the world was first built in Amol. In the 5th century AH, Nizam al-Mulk, in his famous book named "Seer-ul-moluok", recommended creation of modern institutions by the name of Nezamiah with academic status in the big famous cities of Islamic world as Balkh, Baghdad, Damascus, Neishabour, and Bukhara. The name of Amol was also included among them.Most of Allameh the scientific world are born in this city and the cultural capital of the world is Amol.Gold and copper have been expensive and time-old Amol, Amol has been the commercial center Iran.
Amol is located on the Haraz river bank. It is less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the Caspian sea and less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the Alborz mountains. It is 180 kilometres (110 mi) from Tehran, and 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of the provincial capital, Sari.Amol is Best Nature & History Iran. is a city in and the capital of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 197,470, in 55,183 families.
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Ardakan
Ardakan (Persian: اردكان, also Romanized as Ardakān and Ardekān) is a city in and the capital of Ardakan County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51,349, in 13,730 families.
Ardakan is the second major city of Yazd Province. It was established in the 12th century in the Zardug region. Ardakan is 60 kilometers away from Yazd and it has dry weather.
The word Ardakan in Persian means "holy place" or "clean place" (Modern Persian: ardak+an / Middle Persian: artak+an) and the city has a lot of historical religious attractions such as the Grand Mosque of Ardakan (Masjed-e Jame’), Zire-deh Mosque, Emam-Zadeh Mir Seyyed Mohammad, and Tekyeh Bazar, among others.
This region is also one of the Zoroastrian centers of Iran, and there are numerous holy sites for Zoroastrians in Sharif-Abad, a village near Ardakan. Each year in the summer, thousands of Zoroastrians from around the world gather there for pilgrimage.
The most important shrine is Pir-e Sabz Chek Chek. Other shrines are include Pir Shah Eshtad Izad, Pir Shah Tashtar Izad, Pir Shah Mehr Izad, and Pir Shah Morad.
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Bahrain
Bahrain ( pronunciation) (Arabic: البحرين, al-Baḥrayn) (Persian: بحرين, Baḥrain), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (Arabic: مملكة البحرين, Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn), is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,234,571, including 666,172 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.
Bahrain is an archipelago of 33 islands, the largest being Bahrain Island, at 55 km (34 mi) long by 18 km (11 mi) wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain by the King Fahd Causeway. The peninsula of Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain. The planned Qatar Bahrain Causeway will link Bahrain and Qatar and become the world's longest marine causeway.
Known for its oil and pearls, Bahrain is also home to many large structures, including the Bahrain World Trade Center and the Bahrain Financial Harbour, with a proposal in place to build the 1,022 m (3,353 ft) high Murjan Tower. The Qal'at al-Bahrain (the harbour and capital of the ancient land of Dilmun) was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005. The Bahrain Formula One Grand Prix takes place at the Bahrain International Circuit.
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Bam, Iran
Bam (Persian: بم) is a city in and the capital of Bam County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 73,823, in 19,572 families.
The modern Iranian city of Bam surrounds the Bam citadel. Before the 2003 earthquake the official population count of the city was roughly 43,000. There are various opinions about the date and reasons for the foundation of the citadel. Some people believe[who?] that Bam city was founded during the Parthian Empire. Economically and commercially, Bam occupied a very important place in the region and was famed for its textiles and clothes. Ibn Hawqal (943–977), the Arab traveller and geographer, wrote of Bam in his book Surat-ul-`ard (The Earth-figure):
The ancient citadel of Arg-e Bam has a history dating back around 2,000 years ago, to the Parthian Empire (248 BC–224 AD), but most buildings were built during the Safavid dynasty. The city was largely abandoned due to an Afghan invasion in 1722. Subsequently, after the city had gradually been re-settled, it was abandoned a second time due to an attack by invaders from Shiraz. It was also used for a time as an army barracks.
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Bukhara
Bukhara (Tajik: Бухоро Bukhoro, Persian: بخارا; Uzbek: Buxoro; Russian: Бухара Bukhara), from the Soghdian βuxārak ("lucky place"), is the capital of the Bukhara Province (viloyat) of Uzbekistan. The nation's fifth-largest city, it has a population of 263,400 (2009 census estimate). The region around Bukhara has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long been a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. The historic center of Bukhara, which contains numerous mosques and madrassas, has been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Ethnic Uzbek may constitute the largest element in Bukhara, with the native Tajiks being as numerous. The city long has had a mixed population including Jews and other ethnic minorities.
Bukhara was known as Bokhara in 19th and early 20th century English publications and as Buhe/Puhe（捕喝） in Tang Chinese.
Persian-speaking Soghdians inhabited the area, and some centuries later the Persian language became dominant among them. Encyclopædia Iranica mentions that the name Bukhara is possibly derived from the Soghdian βuxārak (Place of Good Fortune).
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Chak Chak, Iran
The village of Chak Chak (Persian: چکچک "Drip-Drip"), also known as Pir-e Sabz (Persian: پیر سبز) "The Green Pir", consists of a pir perched beneath a towering cliff face in the desert of central Iran. It is the most sacred of the mountain shrines of Zoroastrianism. Located near the city of Ardakan in Yazd Province, Chak Chak serves as a pilgrimage point for pious Zoroastrians. Each year from June 14–18 many thousands of Zoroastrians from Iran, India and other countries flock to the fire temple at Pir-e Sabz. Tradition has it that pilgrims are to stop the moment they see the sight of the temple and continue their journey on foot the rest of the way.
In Zoroastrian belief, Chak Chak is where Nikbanou, second daughter of the last pre-Islamic Persian ruler, Yazdegerd III of the Sassanid Empire, was cornered by the invading Arab army in 640 CE. Fearing capture Nikbanou prayed to Ahura Mazda to protect her from her enemies. In response to Nikbanou's pleadings, the mountain miraculously opened up and sheltered her from the invaders.
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Ctesiphon
Coordinates: 33°05′37″N 44°34′50″E / 33.09361°N 44.58056°E / 33.09361; 44.58056 Ctesiphon /tɛsɨfɒn/, the imperial capital of the Parthian Arsacids and of the Persian Sassanids, was one of the great cities of ancient Mesopotamia.
The ruins of the city are located on the east bank of the Tigris, across the river from the Hellenistic city of Seleucia. Today, the remains of the city lies in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq, approximately 35 km south of the city of Baghdad.
The Latin name Ctesiphon or Ctesifon derives from Greek Ktēsiphōn (Κτησιφῶν), a Hellenized form of a local name that has been reconstructed as Tosfōn or Tosbōn. In Iranian sources of the Sassanid period it is attested in Manichean Parthian, in Sassanid Middle Persian and in Christian Sogdian as Pahlavi tyspwn, continuing in New Persian as Tisfun (تيسفون). Syriac sources mention it as ܩܛܝܣܦܘܢ Qṭēsfōn, and in medieval Arabic texts the name is usually Ṭaysafūn (طيسفون) or Qaṭaysfūn (قطيسفون), in Modern Arabic al-Mada'in (المدائن). "According to Yāqūt [...], quoting Ḥamza, the original form was Ṭūsfūn or Tūsfūn, which was arabicized as Ṭaysafūn." The Armenian name of the city was Tizbon (Տիզբոն). Ctesiphon is first mentioned in the Book of Ezra of the Old Testament as Kasfia/Casphia (a derivative of the ethnic name, Cas, and a cognate of Caspian and Qazvin).
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Dasht-e Kavir
Dasht-e Kavir (دشت كوير in Persian), also known as Kavir-e Namak or Great Salt Desert is a large desert lying in the middle of the Iranian plateau. It is about 800 kilometers (497 mi) long and 320 kilometers (198 mi) wide with a total surface area of about 77,600 square kilometers (~30,000 mi²), making it the Earth's 23rd largest desert. The area of this desert stretches from the Alborz mountain range in the north-west to the Dasht-e Lut ("Emptiness Desert") in the south-east and is partitioned between the Iranian provinces of Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Isfahan and Yazd. It is named after the salt marshes (kavirs) located there.
The Dasht-e Kavir's climate is almost rainless and the area is very arid. Temperatures can reach 50 °C in summer, and the average temperature in January is 22 °C. Day and night temperatures during a year can differ up to 70 °C. Rain usually falls in winter.
The desert soil is covered with sand and pebbles; there are marshes, lakes and wadis. The hot temperatures cause extreme vaporization, which leaves the marshes and mud grounds with large crusts of salt. Heavy storms frequently occur and they can cause sand hills reaching up to 40 m in height. Some parts of Dasht- e Kavir have a more steppe-like appearance.
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Dasht-e Lut
Dasht-e Lut, also spelled Dasht-i-Lut and known as the Lut Desert, is a large salt desert in southeastern Iran and is the world's 25th largest desert. It has been ranked the hottest place on earth at nearly 70.7 degrees C (159-160 degrees F), and is one of the world's driest places.
Iran is climatically part of the Afro-Asian belt of deserts that stretch from the Cape Verde islands off West Africa all the way to Mongolia near Beijing, China. The patchy, elongated, light-colored feature in the foreground (parallel to the mountain range) is the northernmost of the Dasht dry lakes that stretch southward 300 kilometers (190 mi). In near-tropical deserts, elevated areas capture most precipitation. As a result an abiotic zone.
Iran's geography consists of a plateau surrounded by mountains and divided into drainage basins. Dasht-e Lut is one of the largest of these desert basins, 480 kilometers (300 mi) long and 320 kilometers (200 mi) wide, and is considered to be one of the driest places on Earth.
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Derbent
Derbent (Russian: Дербе́нт; Azerbaijani: Dərbənd; Lezgian: Кьвевар; Avar: Дербенд; Lak: Чурул, Churul; Persian: دربند; Judæo-Tat: דארבּאנד/Дэрбэнд/Dərbənd) is a city in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is on the Caspian Sea, north of the Azerbaijani border. It is the southernmost city in Russia, and it is the second most important city of Dagestan. Population: 119,961 (2010 Census preliminary results); 101,031 (2002 Census); 78,371 (1989 Census).
Often identified with the legendary Gates of Alexander, Derbent claims to be the oldest city in Russia (8th century BCE) . Since antiquity the value of the area as the gate to the Caucasus has been understood and Derbent has archaeological structures over 5,000 years old. As a result of this geographic particularity the city developed between two walls, stretching from the mountains to the sea. These fortifications were continuously employed for a millennium and a half, longer than any other extant fortress in the world. Over the years different nations gave the city different names, but all connected to the word 'gate'.
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Farah Province
Coordinates: 32°30′N 63°30′E / 32.5°N 63.5°E / 32.5; 63.5
Farah (Pashto/Persian: فراه) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the southwest of the country. Its capital is Farah. Farah is a spacious and sparsely populated province that lies on the Iranian border. The population is predominantly Pashtun.
Geographically the province is approximately 18,000 square miles (47,000 km2), making it (comparatively) more than twice the size of Maryland, or half the size of South Korea. The province is bounded on the north by Herat, on the northeast by Ghor, the southeast by Helmand, the south by Nimroz, and on the west by Iran. It is the fourth largest province in Afghanistan.
The province is home to a great many ruined castles including the "Castle of the Infidel" just south of Farah City.
Farah is associated with large families (families typically have a minimum of four children). The culture of Farah is patriarchal, where the tribal leaders, almost always men, are highly respected. Family pride is strongly valued and family members are taught to respect it and ensure that it is maintained at all times.
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Farah, Afghanistan
Farah (Pashto/Persian: فراه) is a city in western Afghanistan, situated at 650 m altitude, and located on the Farah River. It is the capital of Farah Province, and has a population of approximately 109,409.
Farah is also the resting of the Islamic religious figure Muhammad Jaunpuri, believed by the Mahdavi group to be the Mahdi (Islamic messiah).
The Citadel at Farah is one of a series of fortresses constructed by Alexander the Great, the city being an intermediate stop between Herat, the location of another of Alexander's fortresses, and Kandahar.[citation needed] Under the Parthian Empire, Farah fell under the satrapy of Aria, and was one of its key cities. It is thought to be Phra, mentioned by Isidorus Characenus in the 1st century AD.[citation needed] In the 5th century CE Farah was one of the major strongholds on the eastern frontier of the Sassanid Empire.
The region was historically part of the Persian Khorasan province and was controlled by the Tahirids followed by the Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Ilkhanates, Timurids, and Saffavids until the early-18th century when it became part of the Afghan Hotaki dynasty followed by the Durrani Empire.
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Gur-e Amir
The Gūr-e Amīr or Guri Amir (Persian: گورِ امیر) is a mausoleum of the Asian conqueror Tamerlane (also known as Timur) in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. It occupies an important place in the history of Persian Architecture as the precursor and model for later great Mughal architecture tombs, including Humayun's Tomb in Delhi and the Taj Mahal in Agra, built by Timur's descendants, the ruling Mughal dynasty of North India. It has been heavily restored.
Gur-e Amir is Persian for "Tomb of the King". This architectural complex with its azure dome contains the tombs of Tamerlane, his sons Shah Rukh and Miran Shah and grandsons Ulugh Beg and Muhammad Sultan. Also honoured with a place in the tomb is Timur's teacher Sayyid Baraka.
The earliest part of the complex was built at the end of the 14th century by the orders of Muhammad Sultan. Now only the foundations of the madrasah and khanaka, the entrance portal and a part of one of four minarets remains.
The construction of the mausoleum itself began in 1403 after the sudden death of Muhammad Sultan, Tamerlane's heir apparent and his beloved grandson, for whom it was intended. Timur had built himself a smaller tomb in Shahrisabz near his Ak-Saray palace. However, when Timur died in 1405 on campaign on his military expedition to China, the passes to Shahrisabz were snowed in, so he was buried here instead. Ulugh Beg, another grandson of Tamerlane, completed the work. During his reign the mausoleum became the family crypt of the Timurid Dynasty.
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Herat
Herāt (Persian / Pashto: هرات) is the capital of Herat province in Afghanistan. It is the third largest city of Afghanistan, with a population of about 397,456 as of 2006. It is situated in the valley of the Hari River, which flows from the mountains of central Afghanistan to the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan. The city is linked with Kandahar and Mazar-e-Sharif via highway 1 or the ring road that stretches across the country. It is also linked to the city of Mashad in Iran through the border town of Islam Qala.
Situated in a fertile area, Herāt dates back to the Avestan times and was traditionally known for its wine. The city has a number of historic sites, including the Citadel of Alexander and the Mosallah Complex. During the Middle Ages Herāt became one of the important cities of Khorasan, as it was known as the pearl of Khorasan. It was made independent in 1717 from the Safavid dynasty by the Afghans until 1736 when the Hotaki dynasty was defeated by the Afsharids, which finally became part of the Durrani Empire in 1747. It saw some actions during the 19th century Anglo-Afghan wars. Much of the city has been spared from destructions that occurred in other cities of Afghanistan during the 1978-present wars.
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Homs
Homs (Arabic: حمص Ḥimṣ), previously known as Emesa (Greek: Ἔμεσα, Emesa), is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate. It is 501 metres (1,644 ft) above sea level and is located 162 kilometres (101 mi) north of Damascus. Located on the Orontes River, Homs is also the central link between the interior cities and the Mediterranean coast.
Homs is a major industrial center, and with a population of at least 652,609 people (2004 census), it is the third largest city in Syria after Aleppo to the north and the capital Damascus to the south. Its population reflects Syria's general religious diversity, composed mostly of Arabic-speaking Sunni Muslims and Alawite and Christian minorities. The city boasts a number of historic mosques and churches and is close to the Krak des Chevaliers, a world heritage site.
Homs did not emerge into the historical record until the 1st-century BCE at the time of the Seleucids. It later became the capital of a kingdom ruled by the Emesani dynasty who gave the city its name. Originally a center of worship for the sun god El-Gabal, it later gained importance in Christianity under the Byzantines. Homs was conquered by the Muslims in the 7th-century and made capital of a district that bore its current name. Throughout the Islamic era, Muslim dynasties contending for control of Syria sought after Homs due to the city's strategic position in the area. Homs began to decline under the Ottomans and only in the 19th century did the city regain its economic importance when its cotton industry boomed. During French Mandate rule, the city became a center of insurrection and, after independence in 1946, a center of Baathist resistance to the first Syrian governments. Homs has played a central role in the ongoing Syrian uprising against the Baathist government and since May 2011 has been under siege by the Syrian Army.
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Hungary
Hungary
i/ˈhʌŋɡəri/ (Hungarian: Magyarország [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ] (
listen)) is a country, which is located in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The country's capital, and largest city, is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, also known as Magyar, which is part of the Finno-Ugric group and is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe.
Following a Celt (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (AD 9 - c. 430) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian prince Árpád, whose great-grandson Saint Stephen I was crowned with a crown sent by the pope from Rome in 1000 AD. The Kingdom of Hungary lasted for 946 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centres of the Western world. After about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation (1541–1699), Hungary was integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy, and later constituted half of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy (1867–1918).
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Indonesia
Indonesia (i/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
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Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (i/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia ( /ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.
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Isfahan
Isfahan (Persian: اصفهان Esfahān), historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan or Hispahan, is the capital of Isfahan Province in Iran, located about 340 km south of Tehran. It has a population of 1,583,609 and is Iran's third largest city after Tehran and Mashhad. The Isfahan metropolitan area had a population of 3,430,353 in the 2006 Census, the second most populous metropolitan area in Iran after Tehran.
The cities of Zarrinshahr, Fooladshahr and Najafabad, Se-deh , Shahin-shahr, Mobarakeh, Falavarjan and chiarmahin all constitute the metropolitan city of Isfahan.
Isfahan is located on the main north-south and east-west routes crossing Iran, and was once one of the largest cities in the world. It flourished from 1050 to 1722, particularly in the 16th century under the Safavid dynasty, when it became the capital of Persia for the second time in its history. Even today, the city retains much of its past glory. It is famous for its Islamic architecture, with many beautiful boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, mosques, and minarets. This led to the Persian proverb "'Esfahān nesf-e jahān ast" (Isfahan is half of the world).
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Isfahan (city)
Isfahan (Persian: اصفهان Esfahān), historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan or Hispahan, is the capital of Isfahan Province in Iran, located about 340 km south of Tehran. It has a population of 1,583,609 and is Iran's third largest city after Tehran and Mashhad. The Isfahan metropolitan area had a population of 3,430,353 in the 2006 Census, the second most populous metropolitan area in Iran after Tehran.
The cities of Zarrinshahr, Fooladshahr and Najafabad, Se-deh , Shahin-shahr, Mobarakeh, Falavarjan and chiarmahin all constitute the metropolitan city of Isfahan.
Isfahan is located on the main north-south and east-west routes crossing Iran, and was once one of the largest cities in the world. It flourished from 1050 to 1722, particularly in the 16th century under the Safavid dynasty, when it became the capital of Persia for the second time in its history. Even today, the city retains much of its past glory. It is famous for its Islamic architecture, with many beautiful boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, mosques, and minarets. This led to the Persian proverb "'Esfahān nesf-e jahān ast" (Isfahan is half of the world).
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Jakarta
Jakarta ( /dʒəˈkɑrtə/), officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre, and with a population of 10,187,595 as of November 2011, it is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The official metropolitan area, known as Jabodetabekjur, is the second largest in the world, yet the city's suburbs still continue beyond it. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. and has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi)
Based on Brooking Institute survey about growth, in 2011 Jakarta ranked 17th among the world's 200 largest cities, a significant jumps from 2007 when Jakarta ranked 171st. Jakarta has seen more rapid growth than Kuala Lumpur, Beijing and Bangkok.
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Jászberény
Jászberény is a city and market centre in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county in Hungary.
Jászberény is located in central Hungary, on the Zagyva River, a tributary of the Tisza River. It is about 100 km (62 mi) from Budapest.
The Jász people, a tribe of Iranian descent, settled the area in the 13th century, and were largely self-governing in the region that formed with Jászberény as its cultural and political centre.
While governed by the Habsburgs, along with the rest of Hungary, Jászberény had to pay high taxes to Austria. The people of the city banded together to buy their independence, an event locally referred to as the 'Act of Redemption'.
In the 1950s, various industrial firms chose to settle in Jászberény which had been very much an agricultural community up to this point. This development resulted in an increase in the number and type of jobs available and brought increased prosperity to the inhabitants of Jászberény. Despite the economic difficulties of recent years, Jászberény has continued to grow and has been able to invest in the necessary infrastructure. At the same time, more and more firms have chosen Jászberény as a centre for their operations. However, Jászberény not only values economic growth but has also developed into a cultural centre of national renown.
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Kashan
Kashan (Persian: کاشان, also Romanized as Kāshān and Kachan) is a city in and the capital of Kashan County, in the province of Isfahan, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 248,789, in 67,464 families.
The etymology of the city name comes from Kasian, the original inhabitants of the city, whose remains are found at Tapeh Sialk dating back 9,000 years; later this changed to Kashian, whence the town name.[citation needed] Between the 12th and the 14th centuries Kashan was an important centre for the production of high quality pottery and tiles. In modern Persian, the word for a tile (kashi) comes from the name of the town.
Archeological discoveries in the Sialk Hillocks which lie 4 km west of Kashan reveal that this region was one of the primary centers of civilization in pre-historic ages. Hence Kashan dates back to the Elamite period of Iran. The Sialk ziggurat still stands today in the suburbs of Kashan after 7000 years.
The artifacts uncovered at Sialk reside in the Louvre in Paris and the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Iran's National Museum.
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Kerman
Kerman (Persian: كرمان, also Romanized as Kermān and Kirman; also known as Carmania) is a city in and capital of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 515,114, in 127,806 families, being 13th most populous city in Iran at that time. It's the largest and most developed city in the Kerman Province and also the major city in South-East of Iran. It is one of the largest cities of Iran in terms of area. Kerman is famous for its long history and strong cultural heritage. The city is home to many historic mosques and Zoroastrian fire temples. Kerman is in the list of recent world record of 1000 clean cities. Kerman was formerly the capital of Iran during several periods of time. Located in a large and flat plain, this city is located 1,036 km (643 mi) south of Tehran, the capital of Iran.
Kerman was founded as a defensive outpost, with the name Behdesīr, by Ardeshir I, founder of the Sassanid Empire, in the 3rd century AD. After the Battle of Nahāvand in 642, the city came under Muslim rule. At first the city's isolation allowed Kharijites and Zoroastrians to thrive there, but the Kharijites were wiped out in 698, and the population was mostly Muslim by 725. Already in the eighth century the city was famous for its manufacture of cashmere wool shawls and other textiles. The Abbasid Caliphate's authority over the region was weak, and power passed in the tenth century to the Buyid dynasty, which maintained control even when the region and city fell to Mahmud of Ghazna in the late tenth century. The name Kerman was adopted at some point in the tenth century.
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Mashhad
Mashhad (Persian: مشهد) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia Muslim world. It is also the only major Iranian city with an Arabic name. It is located 850 kilometres (530 mi) east of Tehran, at the center of the Razavi Khorasan Province close to the borders of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Its population was 2,427,316 at the 2006 population census. It was a major oasis along the ancient Silk Road connecting with Merv in the East.
Now Mashhad is notably known as the resting place of the Imam Reza. A shrine was later built there to commemorate the Imam, which in turn gave rise to increasing demographic development.
Mashhad is also known as the city of Ferdowsi, the Iranian poet of Shahnameh, which is considered to be the national epic of Iran.
The city is located at 36.20º North latitude and 59.35º East longitude, in the valley of the Kashaf River near Turkmenistan, between the two mountain ranges of Binalood and Hezar-masjed. The city benefits from the proximity of the mountains, having cool winters, pleasant springs, mild summers, and beautiful autumns. It is only about 250 km (160 mi) from Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
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Medes
The Medes (/midz/) (from Old Persian Māda-) were an ancient Iranian people who lived in Iran in an area known as Media and spoke a northwestern Iranian language referred to as the Median language. Their arrival to the region is associated with the first wave of Iranian tribes in the late second millennium BCE (the Bronze Age collapse) through the beginning of the first millennium BCE.
In the 7th century BCE a unified Median state was formed which together with Babylonia, Lydia, and Egypt became one of the four major powers of the ancient Near East. An alliance with the Babylonians helped the Medes to capture Nineveh in 612 BCE which resulted in the collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The Medes were subsequently able to establish their Median kingdom (with Ecbatana as their royal centre) beyond their original homeland (central-western Iran) and had eventually a territory stretching roughly from northeastern Iran to the Halys River in Anatolia. The Median kingdom was conquered in 550 BCE by Cyrus the Great who established the next Iranian dynasty—the Achaemenid Empire.
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Meybod
Meybod (Persian: ميبد, also Romanized as Maibud) is a city in and capital of Meybod County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58,295, in 15,703 families.
Meybod is a major desert city in Yazd Province, Iran with a population of about 75,000 making it the second major city in Yazd. IIt is an ancient city that goes back to pre-Islamic arena and, hence, is the home to many ancient points of interests. The Historical City of Maybod is part of the Tentative List in order to qualify for inclusion in the World Heritage List.
It was the capital of Iran during the Mozaffarid period. Mozaffari kingdom originated from Meybod where the first king was born. One of the oldest castles in Iran is Narin ghaleh in Meybod, which dates back from the Sasanid. Chaparkhaneh and Karvansaraye Abbasi are some other examples of the historical buildings from Safavid era.
Many important major poets, sufis, clergymen and politicians came from Meybod. Meybodi, the author of "Kashf-ol-Asrar", Grand Ayatollah Haeri, Hossein Makki and many others lived in Maybod, to name a few.
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Meybod County
Meybud County (Persian: شهرستان میبد) is a county in Yazd Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Meybod. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 70,728, in 19,076 families. The county has one district: the Central District. The county has one city: Meybod.
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Nishapur
Nishapur or Nishabur (Persian: نیشاپور, also Romanized as Nīshāpūr, Nīshābūr, and Neyshābūr), is a city in the Razavi Khorasan province in northeastern Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains, near the regional capital of Mashhad. Nishapur derived its name from its alleged founder, the Sasanian king Shapur.
The region's economy is largely agricultural, based on grain and cotton, and it is also the second industrial city in Khorasan, and it is one of the most prosperous localities in Iran, although somewhat blighted by drug smuggling from nearby Afghanistan. It had a population of 205,972 people according to 2006 census. The main east-west railway line through Iran passes through the town. The region is very prone to earthquakes, with the most recent significant ones occurring in 1986 and 1997.
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Persepolis
Persepolis (Old Persian تخت جمشید Pārsa, Takht-e Jamshid or Chehel Minar) was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire (ca. 550-330 BCE). Persepolis is situated 70 km northeast of the modern city of Shiraz in the Fars Province of modern Iran. In contemporary Persian, the site is known as Takht-e Jamshid (Throne of Jamshid). The earliest remains of Persepolis date from around 515 BCE. To the ancient Persians, the city was known as Pārsa, which means "The City of Persians". Persepolis is a transliteration of the Greek Πέρσης πόλις (Persēs polis: "Persian city").
UNESCO declared the citadel of Persepolis a World Heritage Site in 1979.
Archaeological evidence shows that the earliest remains of Persepolis date from around 515 BC. André Godard, the French archaeologist who excavated Persepolis in the early 1930s, believed that it was Cyrus the Great (Kūrosh) who chose the site of Persepolis, but that it was Darius the Great (Daryush) who built the terrace and the great palaces.
Darius ordered the construction of the Apadana Palace and the Council Hall (the Tripylon or three-gated hall), the main imperial Treasury and its surroundings. These were completed during the reign of his son, King Xerxes the Great (Khashayar). Further construction of the buildings on the terrace continued until the downfall of the Achaemenid dynasty.
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Persian Empire
The Achaemenid Empire (/ækəˈmɛnɪˌdi/; Old Persian: Parsā, name of ruling dynasty: Haxāmanišiya) (c. 550–330 BCE), sometimes known as First Persian Empire, was an Iranian empire in Southwest Asia, founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation. It expanded to eventually rule over significant portions of the ancient world which at around 500 BCE stretched from the Indus Valley in the east, to Thrace and Macedon on the northeastern border of Greece making it the biggest empire the world had yet seen. The Achaemenid Empire would eventually control Egypt as well. It was ruled by a series of monarchs who unified its disparate tribes and nationalities by constructing a complex network of roads.
Calling themselves the Parsa after their original Aryan tribal name Parsua, Persians settled in a land which they named Parsua, bounded on the west by the Tigris River and on the south by the Persian Gulf. This became their heartland for the duration of the Achaemenid Empire. It was from this region that eventually Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II of Persia) would advance to defeat the Median, the Lydian, and the Babylonian Empires, opening the way for subsequent conquests into Egypt and Asia minor.
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Qazvin (city)
Qazvin (English pronunciation: /kæzˈviːn/, Persian: قزوین, IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn], also Romanized as Qazvīn, Kazvin, Qazwin, Ghazvin is the largest city and capital of the Province of Qazvin in Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 349,821, in 96,420 families.
Located some 165 km northwest of Tehran, in the Qazvin Province, it is at an altitude of about 1800 meters above sea level. The climate is cold but dry, due to its position south of the rugged Alborz range.
The city was a former capital of the Persian Empire. It is a provincial capital today that has been an important cultural center throughout history.
Archeological findings in the Qazvin plain reveal urban agricultural settlements for at least nine millennia. Qazvin geographically connects Tehran, Isfahan, and the Persian Gulf to the Caspian seacoast and Asia Minor, hence its strategic location throughout the ages.
The city today known as Qazvin is thought to have been founded by Shapur II, King of Persia in 250 CE, under the name Shad Shahpur, when he built a fortification there to control regional tensions.
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Robat
Robat (Persian: رباط, also Romanized as Robāţ; also known as Robāţ-e Māhīdasht, Robāţ-e Māhī Dasht, Robaţ ‘Olyā, and Māhīdasht) is a city in and the capital of Mahidasht District, in Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 996, in 248 families.
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Samarkand
Coordinates: 39°39′15″N 66°57′35″E / 39.65417°N 66.95972°E / 39.65417; 66.95972
Samarkand (Tajik: Самарқанд; Persian: سمرقند; Uzbek: Samarqand; from Sogdian: "Stone Fort" or "Rock Town") is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study. In the 14th century it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane) and is the site of his mausoleum (the Gur-e Amir). The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most notable landmarks. The Registan was the ancient center of the city.
In 2001, UNESCO added the city to its World Heritage List as Samarkand – Crossroads of Cultures.
The city was known by an abbreviated name of Marakanda when Alexander the Great took it in 332BC. There are various theories of how Marakanda evolved into Samarkanda/Samarkan. One derives the name from the Old Persian asmara, "stone", "rock", and Sogdian kand, "fort", "town". Others less convincingly derive the name from the old Turkic "Semiz-Kent" meaning "Rich City".[citation needed]. Since the name Marakanda was already in existence 2300 years ago and long before anyone had heard of Turks in that region of Transoxiana, this version is likely a folk etymology.
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Sarv-e Abarqu
Coordinates: 31°7′21.3″N 53°16′47.05″E / 31.122583°N 53.2797361°E / 31.122583; 53.2797361
Sarv-e Abar Kuh ("cypress of Abar Kuh"), also called the Zoroastrian Sarv, is a Cupressus sempervirens tree in Abarkuh, Yazd, Iran. It is protected by the Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran as a national natural monument and is indeed a major tourist attraction with a height of 25 metres and circumference of 18 metres. It is estimated to be over four thousand years old and may be the oldest living thing in Asia.
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Shir Kuh
Shir Kuh or Shirkuh (Persian: شيركوه; literally: "The lion mountain") is a 4,050 meter high mountain in central Iran, in Yazd province, about 60 miles outside of Yazd.
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Shiraz, Iran
Coordinates: 29°37′N 52°32′E / 29.617°N 52.533°E / 29.617; 52.533
Shiraz ( listen (help·info) Persian: شیراز Shīrāz Persian pronunciation: [ʃiːˈrɒːz]) is the sixth most populous city in Iran and is the capital of Fars Province, the city's 2009 population was 1,455,073. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the Roodkhaneye Khoshk (Dry river) seasonal river. Shiraz has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for more than one thousand years.
The earliest reference to the city, as Tiraziš, is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BC. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, thanks to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists. Shiraz was the capital of Persia during the Zand dynasty from 1750 until 1781, as well as briefly during the Saffarid period.
Shiraz is known as the city of poets, literature, wine and flowers. The word "shir" in Persian means "lion", but it could also mean "milk". It is also considered by many Iranians to be the city of gardens, due to the many gardens and fruit trees that can be seen in the city. Shiraz has had major Jewish and Christian communities. The crafts of Shiraz consist of inlaid mosaic work of triangular design; silver-ware; pile carpet-weaving and weaving of kilim, called gilim and jajim in the villages and among the tribes. In Shiraz industries such as cement production, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork and rugs dominate. Shirāz also has a major oil refinery and is also a major center for Iran's electronic industries: 53% of Iran's electronic investment has been centered in Shiraz. Shiraz is home to Iran's first solar power plant. Recently the city's first wind turbine has been installed above Babakoohi mountain near the city.
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Susa
Coordinates: 32°11′21″N 48°15′28″E / 32.18922°N 48.257785°E / 32.18922; 48.257785
Susa (Persian: شوش Shush [ʃuʃ]; Greek: Σοῦσα [ˈsuːsa]; Syriac: ܫܘܫ Shush; Old Persian Çūšā-; Biblical Hebrew שׁוּשָׁן Shushān) was an ancient city of the Elamite, Persian and Parthian empires of Iran. It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km (160 mi) east of the Tigris River, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers.
The modern Iranian town of Shush is located at the site of ancient Susa. Shush is the administrative capital of the Shush County of Iran's Khuzestan province. It had a population 64,960 in 2005.
In historic literature, Susa appears in the very earliest Sumerian records, e.g. in Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta it is described as one of the places obedient to Inanna, patron deity of Uruk.
Susa is also mentioned in the Ketuvim of the Hebrew Bible by the name Shushan, mainly in Esther, but also once each in Nehemiah and Daniel. Both Daniel and Nehemiah lived in Susa during the Babylonian captivity of the 6th century BCE. Esther became queen there, and saved the Jews from genocide. A tomb presumed to be that of Daniel is located in the area, known as Shush-Daniel. The tomb is marked by an unusual white stone cone, which is neither regular nor symmetric. Many scholars believe it was at one point a Star of David. Susa is further mentioned in the Book of Jubilees (8:21 & 9:2) as one of the places within the inheritance of Shem and his eldest son Elam; and in 8:1, "Susan" is also named as the son (or daughter, in some translations) of Elam.
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Syria
Syria (/ˈsɪriə/ ( listen) SIRR-ee-ə; Arabic: سورية Sūriyya or سوريا Sūryā; Syriac: ܣܘܪܝܐ; Kurdish: Sûrî), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية السورية al-Jumhūriyyah al-‘Arabīyah as-Sūriyyah Arabic pronunciation (help·info)), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
In English, the name Syria was formerly synonymous with the Levant, known in Arabic as Sham, while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt.
The population of Syria is 74% Sunni, 12% Alawi, 10% Christian, and 3% Druze. Combined, 87% of the Syrian population is Muslim, while the other 10% is Christian, which includes mainly Arab Christians but also Assyrians and Armenians. Major ethnic minorities in Syria include Kurds (9%), Assyrians, Armenians, Turkmens and Circassians. The majority of the population is Arab (90%).
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Tabas
Tabas (Persian: طبس, also Romanized as Ţabas; formerly, Golshan or Gulshan) is a city in and capital of Tabas County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30,681, in 7,962 families.
Tabas is located in central Iran, 950 kilometers southeast of Tehran, in Yazd Province. Formerly it was part of the Khorasan province. It is a desert city with lots of date and citrus trees. It has a public garden, (Baghe-golshan), 300 years old, that has beautiful water fountains. It has a railroad station, airport and two universities. The city has hot summers and people rarely see a winter snowfall. It was near Tabas that the United States rescue operation called Operation Eagle Claw failed, because of mechanical breakdowns to the aircraft involved.
Tabas was also stricken by a destructive earthquake on September 16, 1978 that left around 22000 dead. The earthquake was measured between 7.5 and 7.9 on the Richter scale. Since then, the city has been rebuilt with many new streets, parks and public buildings.
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Tabriz
Tabriz (Persian/Azerbaijani:تبریز) ( pronunciation (help·info)) is the fifth largest city and one of the historical capitals of Iran and the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. Situated at an altitude of 1,350 meters at the junction of the Quru River and Aji River, it was the second largest city in Iran until the late 1960s, one of its former capitals, and residence of the crown prince under the Qajar dynasty. The city has proven extremely influential in the country’s recent history. Tabriz is located in a valley to the north of the long ridge of the volcanic cone of Sahand, south of the Eynali mountain. The valley opens out into a plain that slopes gently down to the northern end of Lake Urmia, 60 km to the west. With cold winters and temperate summers the city is considered a summer resort.
The estimated population of the city is around 1,400,000 based on results of the Iranian census bureau. Tabriz is the fourth most populous city in Iran after Tehran, Mashhad, and Esfahan, and is also a major Iranian heavy industrial and manufacturing center. Some of these industries include automobile, machine tools, oil and petrochemical and cement production.
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Takht-i-Suleiman
For the similarly named locations see Takht-e Suleyman Massif in Iran, Taxte Soleymān in Pakistan, and Sulayman Mountain near Osh, Kyrgyzstan.
Coordinates: 36°36′11″N 47°14′09″E / 36.603171°N 47.235949°E / 36.603171; 47.235949
Taxte Soleymān, (Persian: تخت سلیمان; Taxte Soleymān "Throne of Solomon") is an archaeological site in West Azarbaijan, Iran. It lies midway between Urmia and Hamadan, very near the present-day town of Takab, and 400 km (250 mi) west of Tehran.
The originally fortified site, which is located on a crater rim, was recognized as a World Heritage Site in July 2003. The citadel includes the remains of a Zoroastrian fire temple built during the Sassanid period and partially rebuilt during the Ilkhanid period. This site got this Semitic name after the Arab conquest. This temple housed one the three "Great Fires" or "Royal Fires" that Sassanid rulers humbled themselves before in order to ascend the throne. The fire at Takht-i Soleiman was called ādur Wishnāsp and was dedicated to the arteshtar or warrior class of the Sasanid.
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Tehran
Tehran (
pronunciation (help·info)) (Persian: تهران Tehrān; pronounced [tehˈɾɒːn]), sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, the largest city in Western Asia, one of the largest in Southern Asia, and the 19th-largest city globally.
In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to mass-migration of people from all around Iran. The city is home to many historic mosques, churches, synagogues and Zoroastrian fire temples. Contemporary Tehran is a modern city featuring many structures, of which the Azadi (Freedom) Tower and the Milad Tower have come to be symbols of Tehran itself. In 2008 Tehran was the least expensive capital in the world and the second-least expensive city globally based on the cost-of-living index presenting the best value for money in the world. Globally it stands 19th by city population, 56th by the size of its GDP and 29th by the population of its metropolitan area. Throughout Iran's history, the capital city has been relocated many times, with Tehran being the 32nd national capital of Iran. Persian is the city's native tongue, with roughly 98% of the population able to speak and understand it. The majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as Persians. In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Tehran was called Ray (which in the Avesta occurs in the form of Ragha)[citation needed].
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Yazd
Yazd (pronounced /jæzd/) (Persian: یزد, also Romanized as Yezd) is the capital of Yazd Province in Iran, and a centre of Zoroastrian culture. The city is located 270 km southeast of Isfahan. At the 2006 census, the population was 423,006, in 114,716 families.
Because of generations of adaptations to its desert surroundings, Yazd is an architecturally unique city. It is also known in Iran for the high quality of its handicrafts, especially silk weaving, and its sweet shops.
Yazd with the area of 131,551 km²[citation needed] is situated at an oasis where the Dasht-e Kavir desert and the Dasht-e Lut desert meet, the city is sometimes called "the bride of the Kavir" because of its location, in a valley between Shir Kuh, the tallest mountain in the region at 4075 m. above sea level, and Kharaneq. The city itself is located at 1203 m. above sea-level, and covers 16,000 km².
According to the administrative division rules, the Yazd province is divided into 10 districts, each includes at least one town and a number of villages. These districts are: Abarkuh, Ardakan, Bafq, Khatam, Maybod, Mehriz, Tabas, Sadough, Taft and Yazd.
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Yazd province
Yazd Province (Persian: استان یزد, Ostān-e Yazd ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the centre of the country, and its administrative center is the city of Yazd.
The province has an area of 131,575 km², and according to the most recent divisions of the country, is divided into eleven counties: Maybod, Mehreez, Taft, Ardakan, Behabad, Khatam, Sadogh, Bafq, Abar Kooh, Tabas and Yazd, the capital. According to the 1996 census, Yazd province had a population of about 750,769, of which 75.1% were urban residents while 24.9% resided in rural areas. In 2006, Yazd had an estimated population of 1,033,291.[1] The city of Yazd is the economic and administrative capital of the province and therefore the most heavily populated.
The population of Yazd is predominantly Persian, most of whom are Shi'a Muslims. There are also small Zoroastrian communities. The city of Yazd’s first mention in historic records predate it back to around 3000 years B.C. when it was related to by the name of Ysatis, and was then part of the domain of Medes, an ancient empire of Iran. Excavations of Gharbal Biz remaining from the Achaemenid period are another example of the antiquity of Yazd.[2]
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Yazd Province
Yazd Province (Persian: استان یزد, Ostān-e Yazd ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the centre of the country, and its administrative center is the city of Yazd.
The province has an area of 131,575 km², and according to the most recent divisions of the country, is divided into eleven counties: Maybod, Mehreez, Taft, Ardakan, Behabad, Khatam, Sadogh, Bafq, Abar Kooh, Tabas and Yazd, the capital. According to the 1996 census, Yazd province had a population of about 750,769, of which 75.1% were urban residents while 24.9% resided in rural areas. In 2006, Yazd had an estimated population of 1,033,291.[1] The city of Yazd is the economic and administrative capital of the province and therefore the most heavily populated.
The population of Yazd is predominantly Persian, most of whom are Shi'a Muslims. There are also small Zoroastrian communities. The city of Yazd’s first mention in historic records predate it back to around 3000 years B.C. when it was related to by the name of Ysatis, and was then part of the domain of Medes, an ancient empire of Iran. Excavations of Gharbal Biz remaining from the Achaemenid period are another example of the antiquity of Yazd.[2]
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Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs (Arabic: عرب, ʿarab), are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing an important part of Arab identity.
The word "Arab" has had several different, but overlapping, meanings over the centuries (and sometimes even today). In addition to including all Arabized people of the world (with language tending to be the acid test), it has also at times been used exclusively for bedouin (Arab nomads [although a related word, "`a-RAB," with the Arabic letter "alif" in the second syllable, once was sometimes used when this specific meaning was intended] and their now almost entirely settled descendants). It is sometimes used that way colloquially even today in some places. Townspeople once were sometimes called "sons of the Arabs." As in the case of other ethnicities or nations, people identify themselves (or are identified by others) as "Arabs" to varying degrees. This may not be one's primary identity (it tends to compete with country, religion, sect, etc.), and whether it is emphasized may depend upon one's audience.
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Bakhtiari people
The Bakhtiari (Persian: بختیاری) are a southwestern Persian tribe. They speak the Bakhtiari dialect, a southwestern Persian dialect, belonging to the Luri dialects.
A small percentage of Bakhtiari are still nomadic pastoralists, migrating between summer quarters (sardsīr or yaylāq) and winter quarters (garmsīr or qishlāq). Numerical estimates of their total population widely vary. Bakhtiaris primarily inhabit in Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari and parts of the provinces of Lorestan, Khuzestan, and Isfahan. In Khuzestan, Bakhtiari tribes are primarily concentrated in the eastern part of the province.
In Persian mythology, the Bakhtiari consider themselves to be descendants of Fereydun, a legendary hero from the Persian national epic, Shahnameh.
According to Fars Nama of Ibn Balkhi, after former inhabitants of Bakhtiari regions were mostly perished in the wars, Buyid rulers immigrated new nomads from Isfahan area to Bakhtiari region.
The term "bakhtiari" can be best translated as "companion of chance" or "bearer of good luck" The term has deep Persian roots and is the result of two smaller words "bakht" and "yar" complied together . "Bakht" is the Persian word for "chance" and "yar", "iar", "iari" literally means "companion".
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Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan (/ˈɡɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/ or /ˈdʒɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/,Mongol: [tʃiŋɡɪs xaːŋ] ( listen); 1162? – August 1227), born Temujin, was the founder and Great Khan (emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.
He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire and being proclaimed "Genghis Khan", he started the Mongol invasions that resulted in the conquest of most of Eurasia. These included raids or invasions of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, Caucasus, Khwarezmid Empire, Western Xia and Jin dynasties. These campaigns were often accompanied by wholesale massacres of the civilian populations – especially in Khwarezmia. By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China.
Before Genghis Khan died, he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates among his sons and grandsons. He died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location. His descendants went on to stretch the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia by conquering or creating vassal states out of all of modern-day China, Korea, the Caucasus, Central Asian countries, and substantial portions of modern Eastern Europe, Russia and the Middle East. Many of these invasions resulted in the large-scale slaughter of local populations, which have given Genghis Khan and his empire a fearsome reputation in local histories.
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Habibollah Bitaraf
Habibolah Bitaraf was Energy Minister of Iran for 8 years during the Mohammad Khatami presidency. He is a University of Tehran alumnus. During his serving as Energy minister, many huge national projects were launched such as numerous power plants and dam construction projects.
wn.com/Habibollah_Bitaraf -
Marco Polo
Marco Polo (i/ˈmɑrkoʊ ˈpoʊloʊ/; Italian pronunciation: [ˈmarko ˈpɔːlo]; c. 1254 – January 9, 1324) was a Venetian merchant traveler from the Venetian Republic whose travels are recorded in Il Milione, a book which did much to introduce Europeans to Central Asia and China. He learned about trading whilst his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, travelled through Asia and apparently met Kublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice to meet Marco for the first time. The three of them embarked on an epic journey to Asia, returning after 24 years to find Venice at war with Genoa; Marco was imprisoned, and dictated his stories to a cellmate. He was released in 1299, became a wealthy merchant, married and had three children. He died in 1324, and was buried in San Lorenzo.
Their pioneering journey inspired Christopher Columbus and others. Marco Polo's other legacies include Venice Marco Polo Airport, the Marco Polo sheep, and several books and films. He also had an influence on European cartography, leading to the introduction of the Fra Mauro map.
wn.com/Marco_Polo -
Medes
The Medes (/midz/) (from Old Persian Māda-) were an ancient Iranian people who lived in Iran in an area known as Media and spoke a northwestern Iranian language referred to as the Median language. Their arrival to the region is associated with the first wave of Iranian tribes in the late second millennium BCE (the Bronze Age collapse) through the beginning of the first millennium BCE.
In the 7th century BCE a unified Median state was formed which together with Babylonia, Lydia, and Egypt became one of the four major powers of the ancient Near East. An alliance with the Babylonians helped the Medes to capture Nineveh in 612 BCE which resulted in the collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The Medes were subsequently able to establish their Median kingdom (with Ecbatana as their royal centre) beyond their original homeland (central-western Iran) and had eventually a territory stretching roughly from northeastern Iran to the Halys River in Anatolia. The Median kingdom was conquered in 550 BCE by Cyrus the Great who established the next Iranian dynasty—the Achaemenid Empire.
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Mehdi Azar Yazdi
Mehdi Azar Yazdi (1921–2009) was born in Yazd. He started writing books for children in 1956. He wrote Seven books, each of which is adapted from a classical book in Persian literature and re-written for children in an easy- to-understand style.
His most famous work is "Good Stories for Good Children" which won the UNESCO Prize in 1966 and was regarded as the best book of the year in 1967. Also another of his books "Adam" was chosen as the best book of the year in 1968.
Noted author of children’s books Mehdi Azar Yazdi was born in 1921 in Yazd . His ancestors were among Zoroastrians who converted to Islam. He learned to read and write from his father and later continued his studies on his own. In 1944, he left his hometown and came to live in Tehran. Azar Yazdi worked as a construction worker and a simple laborer in sock-weaving workshops, publishing houses and bookshops. He worked for noted publishing houses like Amir Kabir, Ashrafi and Etella’at.
"Good Stories for Good Children” was written in eight volumes based on the great works of Persian literature like the Gulistan (The Rose Garden), Masnavi-e Manavi, Marzban-Nameh, Sinbadnameh, and some stories from the Holy Quran and the life of the Prophet Muhammad (S) and his Household (AS). Azar Yazdi planned to write other volumes for the series.
wn.com/Mehdi_Azar_Yazdi -
Mohammad Khatami
Sayyid Mohammad Khātamī (Persian: سید محمد خاتمی, pronounced [sejˈjed mohæmˈmæde xɒːtæˈmiː]; born October 14, 1943) is an Iranian scholar, philosopher, Shiite theologian and Reformist politician. He served as the fifth President of Iran from August 2, 1997 to August 3, 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture in both the 1980s and 1990s. He is currently one of the leaders of the Iranian Green Movement, and an outspoken critic of the President Ahmadinejad's government.
Hitherto little known, Khatami attracted global attention during his first election to the presidency when he captured almost 70% of the vote. Khatami had run on a platform of liberalization and reform. During his two terms as president, Khatami advocated freedom of expression, tolerance and civil society, constructive diplomatic relations with other states including those in the Asia and European Union, and an economic policy that supported a free market and foreign investment.
Khatami is known for his proposal of Dialogue Among Civilizations. The United Nations proclaimed the year 2001 as the United Nations' Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations, on Khatami's suggestion.
wn.com/Mohammad_Khatami -
Mohammad Reza Aref
Mohammad Reza Aref (Persian: محمدرضا عارف , PhD, born 1951 in Yazd) is an Iranian academic, electrical engineer and politician and a professor at Sharif University of Technology in Tehran. From 2001 to 2005, he was the Vice President of Iran under President Mohammad Khatami. He was succeeded by Parviz Dawoodi.
Aref was a chancellor of the University of Tehran (1994–1997). From August 28, 1997 to June 2000, he was the Minister of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone (PTT), a post that was later renamed to Minister of Communications and Information Technology.
He received the Bachelor's degree in electronics engineering from Tehran University, and the Master's and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and communication engineering from Stanford University in 1975, 1976 and 1980, respectively. His PhD dissertation was on the information theory of networks, supervised by Prof. Thomas M. Cover. Until 1994, he was a faculty member of Isfahan University of Technology. As of 2004[update], he serves as a professor in the Electrical Engineering Department at Sharif University of Technology. He offers courses on cryptography and coding theory.
wn.com/Mohammad_Reza_Aref -
Moshe Katsav
Moshe Katsav (Hebrew: משה קצב, born Musa Qasab (Persian: موسی قصاب)) is an Israeli politician. He served as the eighth President of Israel, a leading Likud member of the Israeli Knesset, and a minister in its cabinet.
The end of his presidency was marked by controversy, stemming from allegations of rape of one female subordinate and sexual harassment of others. Katsav resigned the presidency in 2007 as part of a plea bargain. Katsav later rejected the deal with prosecutors and vowed he would prove his innocence in court. In an unprecedented case, on 30 December 2010, Katsav was convicted of two counts of rape,obstruction of justice and other charges. On 22 March 2011, in a landmark ruling, Katsav was sentenced to seven years in prison. Katsav appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court of Israel. On 10 November 2011, the Supreme Court affirmed Katsav's conviction and punishment, rejecting possibly exculpatory evidence.
On 7 December 2011, Katsav arrived at Maasiyahu Prison in Ramla to begin serving his seven-year sentence.
wn.com/Moshe_Katsav -
Saeed Mortazavi
Saeed Murtazavi is a controversial Iranian jurist and former prosecutor of the Islamic Revolutionary Court, and Prosecutor General of Tehran, a position he has held from 2003 to 2009. He has been called as "butcher of the press" and "torturer of Tehran" by some observers. Murtazavi has been accused of the torture and death in custody of Iranian-Canadian photographer Zahra Kazemi by the Canadian government and was named by 2010 Iranian parliamentary report as the man responsible for abuse of dozens and death of three political prisoners at Kahrizak detention center in 2009. He is now deputy prosecutor-general of Iran.
Before his prosecutorial appointment, Murtazavi was a judge.
On 18 May 2003 he became Prosecutor General of Tehran, a position he has held till 29 August 2009. It had been unfilled for the previous eight years, since Iran abolished prosecutors in 1995. In the intervening years judges performed the prosecutor's role.
Murtazavi is notable for his involvement in the case of Zahra Kazemi, an Iranian-Canadian photographer who died in the custody of Iranian officials in 2003. As a judge, Murtazevi was involved in some unknown capacity in Kazemi's interrogation. He was later assigned to investigate the disputed circumstances of her death, although it was subsequently reported that Mortazevi had decided to let a military court perform the investigation. In late 2003, the Iranian Parliament issued a report accusing Mortazavi of trying to cover up Kazemi's death and forcing witnesses to the event to change their stories. Murtazevi strongly denied the accusations, although the government of Canada continues to claim that not only did Mortazavi order Kazemi's arrest, but he also supervised her torture and was present when she was killed.
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Welcome to Yazd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:21
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
The history of the town dates back to more than 2500 years ago. Today in this town side by side with moslems a few tens of thousands of zoroastrians are living
http://wn.com/Welcome_to_Yazd
The history of the town dates back to more than 2500 years ago. Today in this town side by side with moslems a few tens of thousands of zoroastrians are living
Taste of Iran Yazd-Shiraz 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:00
- Updated: 28 Apr 2012
An Iranian journalist returns home to sample sights and sounds from the Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf
http://wn.com/Taste_of_Iran_Yazd-Shiraz_3
An Iranian journalist returns home to sample sights and sounds from the Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf
- published: 26 Feb 2009
- views: 9865
- author: voyager1935
Taste of Iran Yazd-Shiraz Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:30
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
An Iranian journalist returns home to sample sights and sounds from the Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf
http://wn.com/Taste_of_Iran_Yazd-Shiraz_Part_1
An Iranian journalist returns home to sample sights and sounds from the Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf
- published: 25 Feb 2009
- views: 18145
- author: voyager1935
Yazd, Iran 2007 - Chak Chak, Pir-e Sabz Zoroastrian Temple
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
This shrine perched beneath a cliff face in Iran is the most sacred of the Zoroastrian mountain shrines. Chak Chak is where Nikbanou, second daughter of the last pre-Islamic Persian ruler, the Sassanian Emperor Yazdegerd III of Persia, was cornered by the invading Arab army in 640 CE.Fearing capture Nikbanou prayed to Ahura Mazda to protect her from her enemies. In response to Nikbanou's pleadings, the mountain miraculously opened up and sheltered her from the invaders.The fire in the temple has been burning for thousands of years.
http://wn.com/Yazd,_Iran_2007_Chak_Chak,_Pir-e_Sabz_Zoroastrian_Temple
This shrine perched beneath a cliff face in Iran is the most sacred of the Zoroastrian mountain shrines. Chak Chak is where Nikbanou, second daughter of the last pre-Islamic Persian ruler, the Sassanian Emperor Yazdegerd III of Persia, was cornered by the invading Arab army in 640 CE.Fearing capture Nikbanou prayed to Ahura Mazda to protect her from her enemies. In response to Nikbanou's pleadings, the mountain miraculously opened up and sheltered her from the invaders.The fire in the temple has been burning for thousands of years.
- published: 25 Dec 2007
- views: 26100
- author: akuk1386
YAZD IRAN 1975
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:52
- Updated: 30 Mar 2012
Yazd or Yezd (In Persian: یزد), is the capital of Yazd province, one of the most ancient and historic cities in Iran and a centre of Zoroastrian culture. The city is located some 175 miles southeast of Isfahan, at 31.92° North, 54.37° East. In 2005 it had an estimated population of 433836 people. Because of generations of adaptations to its desert surroundings, Yazd is an architecturally unique city. It is also known in Iran for the high quality handicrafts, especially silk weaving, and its sweets shops.Yazd is of foremost importance as a centre of Persian architecture. Because of its climate, it has one of the largest networks of qanats in the world, and Yazdi qanat makers are considered the most skilled in Iran. To deal with the extremely hot summers, many old buildings in Yazd have magnificent windcatchers, and large underground areas. The city is also home to prime examples of yakhchals, the latter of which were used to store ice retrieved from glaciers the nearby mountains. Yazd is also one of the largest cities built almost entirely out of adobe. Yazd's heritage as a centre of Zoroastrianism is also important. There is a Tower of Silence on the outskirts, and the city itself has a Fire Temple, which holds a fire that has been kept alight continuously since 470 AD. Presently, zoroastrians make up a significant minority of the population, around 20 - 40000 or 5 to 10%. en.wikipedia.org DON PUGH
http://wn.com/YAZD_IRAN_1975
Yazd or Yezd (In Persian: یزد), is the capital of Yazd province, one of the most ancient and historic cities in Iran and a centre of Zoroastrian culture. The city is located some 175 miles southeast of Isfahan, at 31.92° North, 54.37° East. In 2005 it had an estimated population of 433836 people. Because of generations of adaptations to its desert surroundings, Yazd is an architecturally unique city. It is also known in Iran for the high quality handicrafts, especially silk weaving, and its sweets shops.Yazd is of foremost importance as a centre of Persian architecture. Because of its climate, it has one of the largest networks of qanats in the world, and Yazdi qanat makers are considered the most skilled in Iran. To deal with the extremely hot summers, many old buildings in Yazd have magnificent windcatchers, and large underground areas. The city is also home to prime examples of yakhchals, the latter of which were used to store ice retrieved from glaciers the nearby mountains. Yazd is also one of the largest cities built almost entirely out of adobe. Yazd's heritage as a centre of Zoroastrianism is also important. There is a Tower of Silence on the outskirts, and the city itself has a Fire Temple, which holds a fire that has been kept alight continuously since 470 AD. Presently, zoroastrians make up a significant minority of the population, around 20 - 40000 or 5 to 10%. en.wikipedia.org DON PUGH
- published: 23 Apr 2011
- views: 783
- author: DonPugh1
Taste of Iran Yazd-Shiraz Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:32
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
An Iranian journalist returns home to sample sights and sounds from the Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf
http://wn.com/Taste_of_Iran_Yazd-Shiraz_Part_2
An Iranian journalist returns home to sample sights and sounds from the Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf
- published: 25 Feb 2009
- views: 10519
- author: voyager1935
Travel Iran - Historic Yazd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Take a tour of Historic Yazd in Iran-- part of the World's Greatest Attractions series by GeoBeats. Few cities can claim to be over 3000 years old, but Yazd, Iran can. This remarkable city has existed since the Median Empire. One of the amazing features of the city is the traditional Persian architecture of many buildings. The mosques are magnificently tiled, and nearly every building is made of adobe. Because of the desert climate, Yazd's architecture is unique to this one place. The graceful and unusual Amir Chakmak Mosque dates back to Iran's medieval era. Yazd is also one of the most significant cities for practitioners of Zoroastrianism. The Yazd deal with the high desert temperatures by creating wind tunnels for their buildings. Besides the architecture, Yazd is famous for its hand-crafted textiles and delicious confectioneries.
http://wn.com/Travel_Iran_Historic_Yazd
Take a tour of Historic Yazd in Iran-- part of the World's Greatest Attractions series by GeoBeats. Few cities can claim to be over 3000 years old, but Yazd, Iran can. This remarkable city has existed since the Median Empire. One of the amazing features of the city is the traditional Persian architecture of many buildings. The mosques are magnificently tiled, and nearly every building is made of adobe. Because of the desert climate, Yazd's architecture is unique to this one place. The graceful and unusual Amir Chakmak Mosque dates back to Iran's medieval era. Yazd is also one of the most significant cities for practitioners of Zoroastrianism. The Yazd deal with the high desert temperatures by creating wind tunnels for their buildings. Besides the architecture, Yazd is famous for its hand-crafted textiles and delicious confectioneries.
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 2546
- author: geobeats
Yazd University - Iranians protest against election results 15 June 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Yazd_University_Iranians_protest_against_election_results_15_June_2009
Yazd (Iran)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Updated: 22 Aug 2012
Walking through the streets of Yazd alone.
http://wn.com/Yazd_Iran
Yazd 3000 Years of History Persia Iran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:17
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
The population of Yazd is predominantly Persian, most of whom are Shi'a Muslims. There are also small Zoroastrian communities. The city of Yazd's first mention in historic records predate it back to around 3000 years BC when it was related to by the name of Ysatis, and was then part of the domain of Medes, an ancient empire of Iran. Excavations of Gharbal Biz remaining from the Achaemenid period are another example of the antiquity of Yazd.[2] Zoroastrians have traditionally been populous in Yazd. Even now, roughly ten percent of the town's population according to some estimates adhere to this ancient religion, and though their Atashkadeh (Fire Temple) was turned into a mosque after the Islamic Conquest of Persia, a dignified new fire temple was inaugurated thirteen hundred years later. en.wikipedia.org
http://wn.com/Yazd_3000_Years_of_History_Persia_Iran
The population of Yazd is predominantly Persian, most of whom are Shi'a Muslims. There are also small Zoroastrian communities. The city of Yazd's first mention in historic records predate it back to around 3000 years BC when it was related to by the name of Ysatis, and was then part of the domain of Medes, an ancient empire of Iran. Excavations of Gharbal Biz remaining from the Achaemenid period are another example of the antiquity of Yazd.[2] Zoroastrians have traditionally been populous in Yazd. Even now, roughly ten percent of the town's population according to some estimates adhere to this ancient religion, and though their Atashkadeh (Fire Temple) was turned into a mosque after the Islamic Conquest of Persia, a dignified new fire temple was inaugurated thirteen hundred years later. en.wikipedia.org
- published: 27 Jun 2010
- views: 2256
- author: Reza mousoli
7000 Jahre Iranische Architektur - Yazd - Lehmbau & Windtürme Teil1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:33
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Yazd, die über 2500 Jahre alte Zentraliranische Stadt ein Beispiel für menschliche Geistesgröße und Schaffenskraft. Der Baustoff Lehm und seine vielseitige Anwendung.
http://wn.com/7000_Jahre_Iranische_Architektur_Yazd_Lehmbau_Windtürme_Teil1
Yazd, die über 2500 Jahre alte Zentraliranische Stadt ein Beispiel für menschliche Geistesgröße und Schaffenskraft. Der Baustoff Lehm und seine vielseitige Anwendung.
- published: 03 Nov 2010
- views: 4006
- author: ardalanhamrah
Adobe Towns: Yazd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
Download of the whole film available on docufilms.com: docufilms.com The trio of documentary films portraying Djenné in Mali, Shibam in Yemen and Yazd in Iran is devoted to the unique adobe architecture that dominates these three desert towns. It was developed in cooperation with the "Länder-Menschen-Abenteuer"-department of German TV-station SWR and ARTE. Each film describes the history, the cultural context, the knowledge, and the secrets of clay construction. Adobe Towns is also about three very different kinds of living and expressing Islam.
http://wn.com/Adobe_Towns_Yazd
Download of the whole film available on docufilms.com: docufilms.com The trio of documentary films portraying Djenné in Mali, Shibam in Yemen and Yazd in Iran is devoted to the unique adobe architecture that dominates these three desert towns. It was developed in cooperation with the "Länder-Menschen-Abenteuer"-department of German TV-station SWR and ARTE. Each film describes the history, the cultural context, the knowledge, and the secrets of clay construction. Adobe Towns is also about three very different kinds of living and expressing Islam.
- published: 21 Sep 2009
- views: 1216
- author: FilmquadratDOK
Iran's Sar Yazd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:01
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
This feature from Iran program presents Pedram Khodadadi's traditional style trip to the Yazd desert that shows a wonder he found by surprise in that region. Watch this video on our Website: www.presstv.com Follow our Facebook on: www.facebook.com Follow our Twitter on: twitter.com Follow our Tumblr on: presstvchannel.tumblr.com
http://wn.com/Iran's_Sar_Yazd
This feature from Iran program presents Pedram Khodadadi's traditional style trip to the Yazd desert that shows a wonder he found by surprise in that region. Watch this video on our Website: www.presstv.com Follow our Facebook on: www.facebook.com Follow our Twitter on: twitter.com Follow our Tumblr on: presstvchannel.tumblr.com
- published: 17 Dec 2012
- views: 124
- author: PressTVGlobalNews
Iranian city of Yazd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:01
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
In this episode of Iran, Pedram Khodadadi takes a look at a city that shines like a pearl in the heart of Iran's vast desert; Yazd. He will visit the bazaar, the traditional Iranian gymnastics and a Zoroastrian fire temple that has been alight for hundreds of years. Watch this video on our Website: www.presstv.com Follow our Facebook on: www.facebook.com Follow our Twitter on: twitter.com Follow our Tumblr on: presstvchannel.tumblr.com
http://wn.com/Iranian_city_of_Yazd
In this episode of Iran, Pedram Khodadadi takes a look at a city that shines like a pearl in the heart of Iran's vast desert; Yazd. He will visit the bazaar, the traditional Iranian gymnastics and a Zoroastrian fire temple that has been alight for hundreds of years. Watch this video on our Website: www.presstv.com Follow our Facebook on: www.facebook.com Follow our Twitter on: twitter.com Follow our Tumblr on: presstvchannel.tumblr.com
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 489
- author: PressTVGlobalNews
Yazd Tour, Iran by Asiatravel.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
Download Free $120 cash vouchers at www.asiatravel.com to offset payment at www.asiatravel.com httpAsiatravel.com is an online web portal for Hotels, Flights, Cruises, Travel and Tours, Bookings and other great leisure deals! For more information, visit our main site at: www.asiatravel.com It's as easy as "Click & Go!" Yazd (pronounced (In Persian: یزد), is the capital of Yazd province in Iran, and a centre of Zoroastrian culture. The city is located some 175 miles southeast of Isfahan. In 2005 it had an estimated population of 433836 people.[1] In 2006 it had an estimated population of 505037. [2]. Because of generations of adaptations to its desert surroundings, Yazd is an architecturally unique city. It is also known in Iran for the high quality of its handicrafts, especially silk weaving, and its sweet shops. Yazd with the area of 131551km² is situated at an oasis where the Dasht-e Kavir desert and the Dasht-e Lut desert meet, the city is sometimes called "the bride of the Kavir" because of its location, in a valley between Shir Kuh, the tallest mountain in the region at 4075 m. above sea level, and Kharaneq. The city itself is located at 1203 m. above sea-level, and covers 16000 km². According to the administrative division rules, the Yazd province is divided into 10 districts, each includes at least one town and a number of villages. These districts are: Abarkuh, Ardakan, Bafq, Khatam, Maybod, Mehriz, Tabas, Sadough, Taft and Yazd. southern and Southern West ...
http://wn.com/Yazd_Tour,_Iran_by_Asiatravelcom
Download Free $120 cash vouchers at www.asiatravel.com to offset payment at www.asiatravel.com httpAsiatravel.com is an online web portal for Hotels, Flights, Cruises, Travel and Tours, Bookings and other great leisure deals! For more information, visit our main site at: www.asiatravel.com It's as easy as "Click & Go!" Yazd (pronounced (In Persian: یزد), is the capital of Yazd province in Iran, and a centre of Zoroastrian culture. The city is located some 175 miles southeast of Isfahan. In 2005 it had an estimated population of 433836 people.[1] In 2006 it had an estimated population of 505037. [2]. Because of generations of adaptations to its desert surroundings, Yazd is an architecturally unique city. It is also known in Iran for the high quality of its handicrafts, especially silk weaving, and its sweet shops. Yazd with the area of 131551km² is situated at an oasis where the Dasht-e Kavir desert and the Dasht-e Lut desert meet, the city is sometimes called "the bride of the Kavir" because of its location, in a valley between Shir Kuh, the tallest mountain in the region at 4075 m. above sea level, and Kharaneq. The city itself is located at 1203 m. above sea-level, and covers 16000 km². According to the administrative division rules, the Yazd province is divided into 10 districts, each includes at least one town and a number of villages. These districts are: Abarkuh, Ardakan, Bafq, Khatam, Maybod, Mehriz, Tabas, Sadough, Taft and Yazd. southern and Southern West ...
- published: 14 Oct 2009
- views: 1529
- author: AsiaTravelTV
Dans la vieille ville de Yazd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Dans la vieille ville de Yazd
http://wn.com/Dans_la_vieille_ville_de_Yazd
A panorama of Yazd, a center of Zoroastrianism in Iran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:03
- Updated: 11 Mar 2012
The history of the town dates back to more than 2500 years ago. Today in this town a few tens of thousands of zoroastrians are living
http://wn.com/A_panorama_of_Yazd,_a_center_of_Zoroastrianism_in_Iran
The history of the town dates back to more than 2500 years ago. Today in this town a few tens of thousands of zoroastrians are living
- published: 29 Dec 2006
- views: 9936
- author: Lotfollah
Yazd - Survival in the Iranian Desert - one of Sam's Exotic Travels
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 07 Jul 2012
How do you live in the desert - with NO rain and heat, heat, heat? I don't mean no rain for part or most of the year, I mean NO rain ALL year! Impossible? NO. Yazd, Iran is such a place, yet it's 500000 residents have managed to live and prosper for centuries. Yazd, has some of the finest examples of traditional desert Persian residential architecture. Because of its climate, it has one of the largest networks of qanats in the world, and Yazdi qanat makers are considered the most skilled in Iran. To deal with the extremely hot summers, many old buildings in Yazd have magnificent windcatchers, and large underground areas. The city is also home to prime examples of yakhchals, the latter of which were used to store ice retrieved from glaciers in the nearby mountains. Yazd is also one of the largest cities built almost entirely out of adobe. Yazd's heritage as a centre of Zoroastrianism is also important. There is a Tower of Silence on the outskirts, and the city itself has a Fire Temple, which holds a fire that has been kept alight continuously since 470 AD. Presently, Zoroastrians make up a significant minority of the population, around 20 - 40000 or 5 to 10%.
http://wn.com/Yazd_Survival_in_the_Iranian_Desert_one_of_Sam's_Exotic_Travels
How do you live in the desert - with NO rain and heat, heat, heat? I don't mean no rain for part or most of the year, I mean NO rain ALL year! Impossible? NO. Yazd, Iran is such a place, yet it's 500000 residents have managed to live and prosper for centuries. Yazd, has some of the finest examples of traditional desert Persian residential architecture. Because of its climate, it has one of the largest networks of qanats in the world, and Yazdi qanat makers are considered the most skilled in Iran. To deal with the extremely hot summers, many old buildings in Yazd have magnificent windcatchers, and large underground areas. The city is also home to prime examples of yakhchals, the latter of which were used to store ice retrieved from glaciers in the nearby mountains. Yazd is also one of the largest cities built almost entirely out of adobe. Yazd's heritage as a centre of Zoroastrianism is also important. There is a Tower of Silence on the outskirts, and the city itself has a Fire Temple, which holds a fire that has been kept alight continuously since 470 AD. Presently, Zoroastrians make up a significant minority of the population, around 20 - 40000 or 5 to 10%.
- published: 17 Aug 2011
- views: 853
- author: samsays
moharam ashura yazd iran 1391
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:23
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
ashura - yazd - iran - moharam
http://wn.com/moharam_ashura_yazd_iran_1391
South of Yazd Iran, Some Unexpected Finds - one of Sam's Exotic Travels
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
Yazd is located in the Dasht-e-Kavir Desert. It's a 452 km drive south-west to Shiraz, but in the first 100 km we made three stops: Deh Sir, a small hamlet of adobe buildings, a beautiful mosque and even more beautiful people, Abar Kooh -- an ancient Iranian city located on the Silk Road, containing an historic ice house and perhaps the oldest cypress tree in Asia The Central Mountain range, which went from bare-rock to snow-peaked mountains. Our stop was at Eagle Rock -- other mountain pictures were taken from our bus.
http://wn.com/South_of_Yazd_Iran,_Some_Unexpected_Finds_one_of_Sam's_Exotic_Travels
Yazd is located in the Dasht-e-Kavir Desert. It's a 452 km drive south-west to Shiraz, but in the first 100 km we made three stops: Deh Sir, a small hamlet of adobe buildings, a beautiful mosque and even more beautiful people, Abar Kooh -- an ancient Iranian city located on the Silk Road, containing an historic ice house and perhaps the oldest cypress tree in Asia The Central Mountain range, which went from bare-rock to snow-peaked mountains. Our stop was at Eagle Rock -- other mountain pictures were taken from our bus.
- published: 18 Aug 2011
- views: 688
- author: samsays
The Canals of Yazd, Iran by Asiatravel.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
Download Free $120 cash vouchers at www.asiatravel.com to offset payment at www.asiatravel.com httpAsiatravel.com is an online web portal for Hotels, Flights, Cruises, Travel and Tours, Bookings and other great leisure deals! For more information, visit our main site at: www.asiatravel.com It's as easy as "Click & Go!" Yazd (Persian استان یزد) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the centre of the country, and its center is Yazd. The province has an area of 73467 km², and according to the most recent divisions of the country, is divided into ten counties: Maybod, Mehreez, Taft, Ardakan, Behabad, Khatam, Sadogh, Bafq, Abar Kooh and Yazd, the capital. According to the 1996 census, Yazd province had a population of about 750769, of which 75.1% were urban residents while 24.9% resided in rural areas. In 2006, Yazd had an estimated population of 1033291.[1] The city of Yazd is the economic and administrative capital of the province and therefore the most heavily populated. In the course of history due to its distance from important capitals and its harsh natural surrounding, Yazd remained immune to major troops' movements and destruction from wars, therefore it kept many of its traditions, city forms and architecture until recent times. Yazd hails from an ancient history. As an example, Tehran University and Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization have teamed up with France's CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) to carry out archeological studies in Yazd ...
http://wn.com/The_Canals_of_Yazd,_Iran_by_Asiatravelcom
Download Free $120 cash vouchers at www.asiatravel.com to offset payment at www.asiatravel.com httpAsiatravel.com is an online web portal for Hotels, Flights, Cruises, Travel and Tours, Bookings and other great leisure deals! For more information, visit our main site at: www.asiatravel.com It's as easy as "Click & Go!" Yazd (Persian استان یزد) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the centre of the country, and its center is Yazd. The province has an area of 73467 km², and according to the most recent divisions of the country, is divided into ten counties: Maybod, Mehreez, Taft, Ardakan, Behabad, Khatam, Sadogh, Bafq, Abar Kooh and Yazd, the capital. According to the 1996 census, Yazd province had a population of about 750769, of which 75.1% were urban residents while 24.9% resided in rural areas. In 2006, Yazd had an estimated population of 1033291.[1] The city of Yazd is the economic and administrative capital of the province and therefore the most heavily populated. In the course of history due to its distance from important capitals and its harsh natural surrounding, Yazd remained immune to major troops' movements and destruction from wars, therefore it kept many of its traditions, city forms and architecture until recent times. Yazd hails from an ancient history. As an example, Tehran University and Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization have teamed up with France's CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) to carry out archeological studies in Yazd ...
- published: 14 Oct 2009
- views: 1960
- author: AsiaTravelTV
Old Persia Historic Fahadan Hotel Yazd Iran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
Fahadan Hotel Yazd Iran
http://wn.com/Old_Persia_Historic_Fahadan_Hotel_Yazd_Iran
Yazd - Chak Chak (Part 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:18
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
To view full vesion in high resolution: www.cyzmedia.com A path through Center of Iran to city of Yazd , also Chak Chak where History of Zoroastrians weaving Goodness and Humanity that bonds Earth. By Cyrus Omoomian
http://wn.com/Yazd_Chak_Chak_Part_1
To view full vesion in high resolution: www.cyzmedia.com A path through Center of Iran to city of Yazd , also Chak Chak where History of Zoroastrians weaving Goodness and Humanity that bonds Earth. By Cyrus Omoomian
- published: 14 Feb 2008
- views: 13059
- author: cybercyz
photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
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For the administrative subdivisions, see Yazd Province and Yazd County.
| Yazd يزد |
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|---|---|---|---|
 |
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|
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 Yazd
|
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| Coordinates: 31°53′50″N 54°22′04″E / 31.89722°N 54.36778°E / 31.89722; 54.36778Coordinates: 31°53′50″N 54°22′04″E / 31.89722°N 54.36778°E / 31.89722; 54.36778 | |||
| Province | Yazd | ||
| County | Yazd | ||
| Bakhsh | Central | ||
| Elevation | 1,216 m (3,990 ft) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| • Total | 423,006 | ||
| Time zone | IRST (UTC+3:30) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | IRDT (UTC+4:30) | ||
| Website | http://yazd.ir | ||
Yazd (pronounced /jæzd/) (Persian: یزد, also Romanized as Yezd)[1] is the capital of Yazd Province in Iran, and a centre of Zoroastrian culture. The city is located 270 km southeast of Isfahan. At the 2006 census, the population was 423,006, in 114,716 families.[2]
Because of generations of adaptations to its desert surroundings, Yazd is an architecturally unique city. It is also known in Iran for the high quality of its handicrafts, especially silk weaving, and its sweet shops.
Contents |
Geography[link]
Yazd with the area of 131,551 km²[citation needed] is situated at an oasis where the Dasht-e Kavir desert and the Dasht-e Lut desert meet, the city is sometimes called "the bride of the Kavir" because of its location, in a valley between Shir Kuh, the tallest mountain in the region at 4075 m. above sea level, and Kharaneq. The city itself is located at 1203 m. above sea-level, and covers 16,000 km².
According to the administrative division rules, the Yazd province is divided into 10 districts, each includes at least one town and a number of villages. These districts are: Abarkuh, Ardakan, Bafq, Khatam, Maybod, Mehriz, Tabas, Sadough, Taft and Yazd.
| district | area | population | cities | villages | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abarkuh | 5,941 | 75,205 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||
| Meybod | 6,941 | 72,000 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
| Ardakan | 6,717 | 70,000 | 2 | 5 | ||||||||
| Bafgh | 15,298 | 41,000 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
| Khatam | 7,931 | 32,000 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||
| Mehriz | 6,717 | 74,000 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||
| Sadough | 5,486 | 26,300 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
| Tabas | 57,337 | 63,400 | 2 | 8 | ||||||||
| Taft | 5,948 | 56,000 | 2 | 10 | ||||||||
| Yazd | 2,397 | 38,900 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
| Source:Geography Book of Yazd | ||||||||||||
The Mountains[link]
- southern and Southern West Mountains
This mountains are widest than other groups of mountains. The most important mountain in these mountains is Shir Kuh
- Eastern Mountains
This mountains are located in east of Yazd province and the highest mountains among this mountains are [bon lokht (3002m)] and [bajegan(2879m)].Elias
- Northern East Mountains
These mountains are located east of [Tabas]. This group also includes the mountains Shir Kuh
Climate[link]
Yazd is the driest major city in Iran, with an average annual rainfall of only 60 millimetres (2.4 in), and also the hottest north of the Persian Gulf coast, with summer temperatures very frequently above 40 °C (104 °F) in blazing sunshine with no humidity. Even at night the temperatures in summer are rather uncomfortable. In the winter, the days remain mild and sunny, but in the morning the thin air and low cloudiness cause very cold temperatures that can sometimes fall well below 0 °C (32 °F).
| Climate data for Yazd | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9 (48) |
13 (56) |
19 (66) |
25 (77) |
30 (86) |
36 (97) |
38 (100) |
37 (98) |
33 (91) |
26 (79) |
18 (65) |
13 (55) |
24.7 (76.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
4 (40) |
9 (49) |
16 (60) |
21 (70) |
27 (80) |
28 (83) |
25 (77) |
21 (69) |
14 (58) |
7 (45) |
4 (39) |
14.8 (58.7) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 8 (0.3) |
10 (0.4) |
8 (0.3) |
10 (0.4) |
5 (0.2) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
3 (0.1) |
3 (0.1) |
46 (1.8) |
| Source: Weatherbase [3] | |||||||||||||
| Yazd | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Governors[link]
Hossain Khan, Khan Baba, Khan Sardar, and Ayatollah Khatami were born there.
History[link]
The city has a history of over 3,000 years, dating back to the time of the Median empire, when it was known as Ysatis (or Issatis). The present city name has however been derived from Yazdegerd I, a Sassanid ruler. The city was definitely a Zoroastrian centre during Sassanid times. After the Arab Islamic conquest of Persia, many Zoroastrians fled to Yazd from neighbouring provinces. By paying a levy, Yazd remained Zoroastrian even after its conquest, and Islam only gradually became the dominant religion in the city.
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The Zoroastrian Fire Temple of Yazd
-
The windcatcher of "Dowlat-abad" in Yazd, is a fine example of desert Persian architecture.
-
The interior decoration of the Dolat Abad windcatcher
-
Jamed Kabir Mosque (left) and Roknedin Mauseleum (right), Yazd.
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The medieval Takyeh Amir Chakhmagh Mosque (night view), Yazd
-
Towerofsilence1.JPG
The Zoroastrian Tower of Silence in Yazd
-
Amir Chakhmaq mosque and square
-
Old town Yazd
-
-
-
street and shelter
-
Yazd panorama
-
-
weaver
Because of its remote desert location and the difficulty of approach, Yazd had remained largely immune to large battles and the destruction and ravages of war. For instance, it was a haven for those fleeing from destruction in other parts of Persia during the invasion of Genghis Khan. It was visited by Marco Polo in 1272, who remarked on the city's fine silk-weaving industry. It briefly served as the capital of the Muzaffarid Dynasty in the fourteenth century, and was unsuccessfully beseiged in 1350–1351 by the Injuids under Shaikh Abu Ishaq. The Friday (or Congregation) Mosque, arguably the city's greatest architectural landmark, as well as other important buildings, date to this period. During the Qajar dynasty (18th Century AD) it was ruled by the Bakhtiari Khans.
Under the rule of the Safavis (16th century), some people migrated from Yazd and settled in an area which is today on the Iran-Afghanistan border. The settlement, which was named Yazdi, was located in what is now Farah city in the province of the same name in Afghanistan. Even today, people from the area speak with an accent very similar to that of the people of Yazd.
Marco Polo and Yazd[link]
Here is Marco Polo writing about Yazd:
| “ | Yasdi also is properly in Persia; it is a good and noble city, and has a great amount of trade. They weave there quantities of a certain silk tissue known as Yasdi, which merchants carry into many quarters to dispose of. The people are worshippers of Mahommet.
When you leave this city to travel further, you ride for seven days over great plains, finding harbour to receive you at three places only. There are many fine woods [producing dates] upon the way, such as one can easily ride through; and in them there is great sport to be had in hunting and hawking, there being partridges and quails and abundance of other game, so that the merchants who pass that way have plenty of diversion. There are also wild asses, handsome creatures. At the end of those seven marches over the plain you come to a fine kingdom which is called Kerman. |
” |
|
—The Travels of Marco Polo, Marco Polo, translated by Henry Yule |
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Architecture and heritage[link]
Yazd is of foremost importance as a centre of Persian architecture. Because of its climate, it has one of the largest networks of qanats in the world, and Yazdi qanat makers are considered the most skilled in Iran. To deal with the extremely hot summers, many old buildings in Yazd have magnificent windcatchers, and large underground areas. The city is also home to prime examples of yakhchals, the latter of which were used to store ice retrieved from glaciers in the nearby mountains. Yazd is also one of the largest cities built almost entirely out of adobe.
Yazd's heritage as a centre of Zoroastrianism is also important. There is a Tower of Silence on the outskirts, and the city itself has a Fire Temple, which holds a fire that has been kept alight continuously since 470 AD. Presently, Zoroastrians make up a significant minority of the population, around 20,000 - 40,000 or 5 to 10 per cent.
Built in 12th century and still being in use, Jameh mosque of Yazd is an example of finest Persian mosaics and excellent architecture. Its minarets are the highest in the country.
Historical sites in Yazd City[link]
- Arab-ha House
- Malek-altojjar House
- Lari-ha House
- Mullah Ismall mosque
- sahl Ibn Ali Mausoleum
- Khan Bazaar
- Rasoulian House
- Sheikh Ahmad Fahadan Mausoleum
- Seyed Rokn-al din Mausoleum
- Seyed Shams-al din Mausoleum
- Masoudi Reservoir
- Malak-al Tojjar House
- Mortaz House
- Iran Shahr School
- Hajj Yusef Reservoir
- Rig mosque
- Fort mosque
- Shah Tahmasb mosque
- Zargari Bazzar
- Mortaz House
- Fortifications of Yazd
- Zia iah school
Yazd today[link]
Always known for the quality of its silk and carpets, Yazd today is one of Iran's industrial centers for textiles. There is also a considerable ceramics and construction materials industry and unique confectionery and jewellery industries. A significant portion of the population is also employed in other industries including agriculture, dairy, metal works and machine manufacturing. There are a number of companies involved in the growing information technology industry, mainly manufacturing primary materials such as cables and connectors. Currently Yazd is the home of the largest manufacturer of fibre optics in Iran.
Yazd's confectioneries have a tremendous following throughout Iran, which has been a source of tourism for the city. Workshops (experts or khalifehs) keep their recipes a guarded secret and there are many that have remained a private family business for many generations. Baghlava, ghotab and pashmak are the most popular sweets made in the city.
In 2000 the Yazd Water Museum opened;[1] it features exhibits of water storage vessels and historical technologies related to water.
Famous people from Yazd[link]
- Mohammad Khatami, former president of Iran was born in Yazd.
- Mohammad Reza Aref, Vice President of Iran from 2001 to 2005.
- Mohammad Rahmati, Minister of roads and transportation from 2005 to Aug 2008.
- Mirza Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi, poet and politician.
- Vahshi Bafghi, Poet.
- Saeed Mortazavi, General Prosecutor of Tehran.
- Mohammad Ali Sadouqi, parliamentary assistant in Mohammad Khatami's cabinet.
- S. Mehdi Ezzabady, Scientist, Researcher, Inventor.
- S. Morteza Ezzabady,son of S.Mehdi Ezzabady,Student(educated in Shahid sadoughi High School-Tizhooshan), Researcher, Inventor.
- Mohammad Jafar Pouyandeh, Iranian dissident murdered in 1998.
- Moshe Katsav, former president of Israel, was born in Yazd.
- Habibollah Bitaraf, Former Minister of Energy.
- Seyyed Ziya-e-ddin Tabatabai, Iranian prime minister 21 Feb 1921-04 Jun 1921.
- Moshe Khokshourzadeh - Moe Arman, Iranian-American Scientist, Researcher, Inventor
- Mohammad Ali Eslami Nodoshan, Iranian author.
- Mehdi Azar Yazdi, author of children's stories.
- Seyyed Ali Mohhamad Vaziri, founder of Vaziri library who dedicated more than 21000 manuscript books to the cited library, founder of Islamic schools, he was a beloved and one of the most famous clergiman in yazd.
Higher education in Yazd[link]
The University of Yazd was established in 1988. It has a college of Architecture specializing in traditional Persian Art and Architecture. Yazd and its nearby towns contain the following institutes of higher education:
- University of Yazd
- Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
- Yazd Institute of Higher Education - ACECR
- Islamic Azad University of Bafq
- Islamic Azad University of Maybod
- Islamic Azad University of Yazd
- Yazd Sampad Information Center
- Yazd Science and Technology Park
- University of Jame Elmi_Karbordi of Yazd
- Imam Java University College
- Shahid Sadoughi High school(Tizhooshan)
- Shahid Sadoughi Middle school(Tizhooshan)
- Farzanegan Middle school(Tizhooshan)
- Farzanegan High school(Tizhooshan)
Mohammad hossein papoli yazdi (shazdah hamam)
Sister cities[link]
References[link]
- ^ Yazd can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3088569" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Islamic Republic of Iran. Archived from the original on 2010-11-16. http://wayback.archive.org/web/*/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/21.xls.
- ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Yazd, Iran". Weatherbase. 2011. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=12804&refer=wikipedia. Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yazd |
- Yazd Information Portal پرتال جامع اطلاعات استان يزد
- Little Scientist
- Yazd news and ads site
- Yazd Cultural Heritage & Tourism Organization
- Yazd.com
- Cultural Heritage Organization Bureau of Yazd Province
- GhoolAbad.com
- YazdTourism.com
- Yazd Photos & Videos
- Yazd Research & Clinical Center for Infertility
- Yazd University
- Yazd on stanford.edu
- The Largest private sector steel plant in Iran
- Ganjinehe Elmo Fan Scientific&Technological Views.
- Yazd - the everlasting flame (the Zoroastrians in Yazd)
- Yazd, Bride of Desert
- World Zoroastrian News Network (WZNN)
- [2] Yazd Tower of Silence Revisited
- website Yazd Sport Aerobics & Fitness
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Wiki Summary
Yazd (pronounced /jæzd/) (Persian: یزد, also Romanized as Yezd) is the capital of Yazd Province in Iran, and a centre of Zoroastrian culture. The city is located 270 km southeast of Isfahan. At the 2006 census, the population was 423,006, in 114,716 families.
Because of generations of adaptations to its desert surroundings, Yazd is an architecturally unique city. It is also known in Iran for the high quality of its handicrafts, especially silk weaving, and its sweet shops.
Yazd with the area of 131,551 km²[citation needed] is situated at an oasis where the Dasht-e Kavir desert and the Dasht-e Lut desert meet, the city is sometimes called "the bride of the Kavir" because of its location, in a valley between Shir Kuh, the tallest mountain in the region at 4075 m. above sea level, and Kharaneq. The city itself is located at 1203 m. above sea-level, and covers 16,000 km².
According to the administrative division rules, the Yazd province is divided into 10 districts, each includes at least one town and a number of villages. These districts are: Abarkuh, Ardakan, Bafq, Khatam, Maybod, Mehriz, Tabas, Sadough, Taft and Yazd.
