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The Cold Food Festival or Hanshi Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday celebrated for three consecutive days starting the day before the Qingming Festival in the Chinese Calendar, which falls on the 105th day after dongzhi (April 5 by the Gregorian calendar, except in leap years). It is celebrated in China as well as the nearby nations of Korea and Vietnam. At this time of year, the sky becomes clearer and buds sprout in the field. Farmers sow various seeds and supply water to their rice paddies.

Legend[link]

Legend has it that Chong'er (重耳), a prince of Jin, endured many hardships while he fled around the warring states. Once, in order to help the prince who was tormented by hunger, Jiè Zhītuī (介之推 or Jiè Zǐtuī, 介子推) cut off the flesh from his thigh and offered it to the prince for sustenance.

Later, when Chong'er became Duke Wen of Jin (晉文公), he ordered a search for Jie Zhitui who had gone into hiding in the remote mountains with his mother. Jie Zhitui had no political ambitions and felt ashamed to work with his hypocritical fellows, hence refused invitation of the Duke. Chong'er ordered the mountains to be burned down in order to force Zhitui out of hiding. Unfortunately Zhitui did not give in and the fire ended up killing Zhitui and his mother.

Filled with remorse, Chong'er ordered that each year during these three days the setting of fire is forbidden – all food was to be consumed cold. Therefore the Festival is thus named. In Jiexiu City of the Shanxi Province, where Zhitui died, locals still remember this tradition clearly. But even for them the tradition of eating cold food is no longer actually practiced.

In reality, the true source of the Cold Food Festival started from the ancient tradition of setting fire by rubbing wood pieces together and the tradition of lighting new fires. Due to the change of seasons and the change in the type of wood available, the ancient practice was to change the type of fire-starter-wood used from season to season. Fire is lighted anew upon the start of each season. Before the new fire is officially started no one is allowed to light a fire. This was an important event during that time. The traditionally practiced activities during the Cold Food Festival includes the visitation of ancestral tombs, cock-fighting, playing on swings, beating out blankets (to freshen them), tug-of-war, etc. The practice of visiting ancestral tombs is especially ancient.

In China ancestral worship used to be practiced during the time of the Cold Food Festival. It was later moved to coincide with the Qingming Festival. However in Korea, where the festival is called Hansik (hangul: 한식), the tradition of ancestral worship during the Cold Food Festival still remains.

Observations outside China[link]

Korea[link]

In Korea, it is called Hanshik, literally meaning "cold food," and is a traditional Korean holiday. In the modern version of Hansik, people welcome the warm weather thawing the frozen lands. On this day, rites to worship ancestors are observed early in the morning, and the family visits their ancestors' tombs to tidy up.

Falling on the 105th day after the winter solstice (April 5 by the Gregorian calendar, except in leap years). At this time of year, the sky becomes clearer and buds sprout in the field. Farmers sow various seeds and supply water to their rice paddies. The custom of eating cold food on this day is believed to originate from a Chinese legend, but recently this custom has disappeared.

Since this day coincides with Arbor Day, public cemeteries are crowded with visitors planting trees around the tombs of their ancestors.

Vietnam[link]

In Vietnam, where it is called Tết Hàn Thực, the Cold Food Festival is celebrated by Vietnamese people in the northern part of the country on the third day of the third lunar month, but only marginally. People cook glutinous rice balls called bánh trôi on that day but the holiday's origins are largely forgotten, and the fire taboo is also largely ignored.

See also[link]

• Gazpacho
• Qingming
• Qingming Festival
• Public holidays in South Korea
• List of Korea-related topics

Marmitako festival in the Basque Country.

A food festival is a festival, usually held annually, that uses food, often produce, as its central theme. "These festivals have always been a means of uniting communities through celebrations of harvests and giving thanks for a plentiful growing season. They can be traced back thousands of years to celebrating the arrival of harvest time, the autumnal equinox, and the honoring of earth gods."^[1]

The largest one in the United States (and the world) is the Taste of Chicago held in Chicago, Illinois.

Food festivals in the U.S.[link]

There are several Florida food festivals and New Jersey food festivals. Other festivals include the Gilroy Garlic Festival in Gilroy, California; Brentwood Cornfest in Brentwood, California; Mushroom Festivals in various locales; the Castroville Artichoke Festival, in Castroville, California; the Stockton Asparagus Festival, in Stockton, California; the Lexington Barbecue Festival in North Carolina; the Posen Potato Festival, in Posen, Michigan; the Norwalk Oyster Festival, in Norwalk, Connecticut, and the Howell Melon Festival in Howell, Michigan, known for electing the Howell Melon Queen.

Increasingly, vegetarian food festivals are becoming some of the largest food celebrations in the country, including Vegfest in Salt Lake City, Utah, Seattle, Washington and San Francisco, California.

Food festivals in the United Kingdom[link]

See List of Food Festivals (United Kingdom) from Abergavenny to York, an A-Z listing of 70+ festivals with links to festival websites.

Australia[link]

Bankstown Bites Food Festival

Mexico[link]

Puerto Vallarta festival

Peru[link]

Mistura: Lima, Peru. Held annually since 2008, is the largest food festival in Latin America.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Guide to Becoming a Food Vendor at Festivals
• A Taste of West Cork Food Festival (Ireland)
• Find a Food Festival
• Mistura

The Right Honourable Sir Douglas Graham KNZM
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Remuera
In office 14 July 1984 – 12 October 1996
Preceded by	Allan Highet
Succeeded by	Seat abolished
Minister of Justice
In office 2 November 1990 – 1 February 1999
Prime Minister	Jim Bolger, Jenny Shipley
Preceded by	Bill Jeffries
Succeeded by	Tony Ryall
Attorney-General of New Zealand
In office 5 December 1997 – 5 December 1999
Prime Minister	Jenny Shipley
Preceded by	Paul East
Succeeded by	Margaret Wilson
Personal details
Born	(1942-01-12) 12 January 1942 (age 70) Auckland,  New Zealand
Political party	National
Profession	Lawyer

Sir Douglas Arthur Montrose "Doug" Graham KNZM (born 12 January 1942) is a former New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1984 to 1999, representing the National Party.

Early life and family[link]

Graham was born in Auckland, and attended Southwell School and Auckland Grammar School. He obtained an LLB from the University of Auckland and became a lawyer, establishing his own practice in 1968. From 1973 to 1983, he lectured in legal ethics at the University of Auckland.

His great-grandfather Robert Graham was a member of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th New Zealand parliaments, from 1855 to 1868. In 2008, his brother Kennedy Graham was elected to parliament representing the Green Party.^[1][2]

Member of Parliament[link]

Graham was elected to Parliament in the 1984 elections as MP for the Auckland electorate of Remuera, replacing the retiring member Allan Highet.

Cabinet Minister[link]

When the National Party won the 1990 elections, Graham was appointed to Cabinet, becoming Minister of Justice, Minister for Disarmament and Arms Control, and Minister of Cultural Affairs. In 1991, he became Minister in Charge of Treaty Negotiations, perhaps his most prominent role. He was widely praised by both Pākehā and Māori for his work on numerous Treaty settlements, although opponents of the process have voiced criticisms of his policies. Later, Graham also became Attorney General and Minister for Courts. In the 1996 elections, when the Remuera seat was abolished, Graham became a list MP. He was ranked sixth on National's party list, a relatively high placing.

Life after politics[link]

He retired from politics at the 1999 elections. He was made a Knight Companion in the New Zealand Order of Merit on 31 December 1998, for services as a Minister of the Crown and Member of Parliament.^[3]

On 24 February 2012 he was convicted, along with fellow former-Justice Minister Bill Jeffries and two other men, of breaching the Securities Act by making untrue statements to investors in his capacity as a director of Lombard Finance.^[4] The judge wrote, "I am satisfied that the accused genuinely believed in the accuracy and adequacy of the ... documents" but that the offences were ones of strict liability so there was no need for "any form of mental intent to distribute documents that were false or misleading".^[5] Graham was sentenced to 300 hours' community service and ordered to pay $100,000 in reparation. Debate has also arisen as to whether he should forfeit his knighthood.^[6]

References[link]

Jesse B. Weaver Jr. (born June 22, 1962), better known by the stage name Schoolly D, is an American rapper from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.^[1]

Career[link]

Schoolly D teamed up with DJ Code Money in the mid-1980s. His lyrics reflected urban realism, violence, and sexual bravado, making Schoolly D's one of the first gangsta rappers. He later embraced an afrocentric style, bringing Afrocentric culture to hip hop along with KRS-One.^[2]

Later, Schoolly D contributed songs and music to many Abel Ferrara films, such as "Saturday Night" (from Saturday Night! – The Album), as well as the title track from Am I Black Enough For You? which was played during the climactic shoot-out in Ferrara's King of New York; the title track of this movie from How a Black Man Feels and "Signifying Rapper" (from Schoolly's album Smoke Some Kill), which was used in the director's Bad Lieutenant.^[3] Because Led Zeppelin successfully sued due to an uncleared interpolation of its song "Kashmir" in "Signifying Rapper," the song was omitted from the soundtrack of the film and from subsequent releases of the film.^[3]

Composer Joe Delia tapped Schoolly to co-write and record "The Player" for Ferrara's film The Blackout, which Delia scored. Schoolly also wrote the score to Ferrara's 'R Xmas. In 2006, Schoolly D co-wrote the indie film soundtrack of the historical science fiction thriller Order of the Quest with Chuck Treece. The project series is produced by Benjamin Barnett, and Jay D Clark of Media Bureau. His last album, Funk 'N Pussy, features guest appearances by Public Enemy's Chuck D, Chuck Chillout, Lady B and a drum and bass remix of the classic Schoolly D track "Mr. Big Dick" (remixed by UK trip-hop crew The Sneaker Pimps).

Schoolly also did the music and occasional narration for the cult animated series Aqua Teen Hunger Force on the Cartoon Network's Adult Swim programming block. He also created the song "Sharkian Nights" for the animated series 12 oz. Mouse.

Legacy[link]

Rapper Ice-T, who is often given credit for the creation of gangsta rap, says that Schoolly D was the first gangsta rapper.^[4]

The first record that came out along those lines was Schooly D's "P.S.K." Then the syncopation of that rap was used by me when I made "Six In The Morning". The vocal delivery was the same: '...P.S.K. is makin' that green', '...six in the morning, police at my door'. When I heard that record I was like "Oh shit!" and call it a bite or what you will but I dug that record. My record didn't sound like "P.S.K.", but I liked the way he was flowing with it. "P.S.K." was talking about Park Side Killers but it was very vague. That was the only difference, when Schooly did it, it was '...one by one, I'm knockin' em out'. All he did was represent a gang on his record. I took that and wrote a record about guns, beating people down, and all that with "Six In The Morning".^[5]

In the DVD extra on the King of New York, Schoolly D falsely claims to have invented the sport of snowboarding by sledding down Philadelphia hills on pieces of linoleum. (Snowboarding has roots in snurfing, which was invented in 1965, one year before Schoolly D was born.)

Funk metal band Primus mentions Schoolly D in their song "Harold of the Rocks" on the album Frizzle Fry.

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

	Schoolly D "P.S.K. 'What Does It Mean'?" (1986) noicon 25 second sample from Schoolly D's first album.
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

• 1986: Schoolly D
• 1987: Saturday Night - The Album
• 1988: Smoke Some Kill
• 1989: Am I Black Enough for You?
• 1991: How a Black Man Feels
• 1994: Welcome to America
• 1995: Reservoir Dog
• 2000: Funk 'N Pussy
• 2010: International Supersport

Compilations[link]

• 1987: The Adventures of Schoolly D
• 1995: The Jive Collection, Vol. 3
• 1996: A Gangster's Story: 1984-1996
• 2000: Best on Wax (5 Years of Schoolly D)
• 2003: The Best of Schoolly D

References[link]

Notes

External links[link]

• Official website
• Schoolly D at the Internet Movie Database
• Schoolly D at Allmusic
• Schoolly D discography at Discogs
• Schoolly D's ArtistDirect entry
• Global Darkness interviews

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Viktoras Peter Kulvinskas M.S. is an American holistic health practitioner, nutritionist, raw foods ^[1] advocate and author.

Background[link]

After joining Ann Wigmore's Boston based Rising Sun Christianity movement, Kulvinskas co-founded, with Wigmore, the Hippocrates Health Institute, a health resort in the United States, in the late 1960s ^[2][3] where he was Director of Research, and is active in the living foods movement.^[4][5]

Biography[link]

Early years[link]

Viktoras Kulvinskas is a Piscean who was born in Lithuania during World War II. He received his M.S. Degree in pure mathematics from the University of Connecticut, where he later taught mathematics. He then became a computer consultant for Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and the Apollo Project, among others ^[6] He is a member of the Physics honor society Sigma Pi Sigma and is also known for a variety of mystic and faith-based activities such as palmistry, numerology, iridology, reflexology, physiognomy and acupressure.

Alternative health related activities[link]

After co-founding the Hippocrates Health Institute,^[7] he began 35 years operating as a practitioner in the area of holistic treatments and techniques, consulted by a claimed figure of tens of thousands of people through his "lifestyle consultation services". He is also a lecturer (internationally for a claimed over 20,000 hours in the field of alternative and non-conventional health theories), chef (served raw food vegetarian meals to a claimed half a million people), and a Bishop of the First Christian Essene Church of Christ (San Diego, California).^[8]

As a nutritionist (the non-official self-claimed title given to alternative versions of qualified dieticians), he was the personal health consultant to comedian/activist Dick Gregory during his 900 mile run for peace, and has been a Nutritional and Education Director at Gregory’s Obesity & Substance Abuse Resorts (Florida & Bahamas). His self-authenticated theory on cancer was practiced at the Hippocrate Institute, and documented in his book "Survival in the 21st Century",^[9] along with a new model of menstruation with program to eliminate PMS.

He spent 7 years developing his HHI Live Food program - which has followers in many countries, and teaches at his own Hippocrates Health Institute in West Palm Beach, Florida [1]. He is an active promoter and salesman of blue green algae, probiotics, enzymes and other nutritional products.

Appearances[link]

Kulvinskas has toured extensively and given seminars for the World Symposium on Humanity in Canada and Australia. He has lectured for over 10,000 hours at alternative health events such as the New Earth Exposition, the Whole Earth Festival, the World Vegetarian Congress, the Cancer Victims and Friends Convention, the National Health Federation Convention, and others.

Kulvinskas has often appeared as a keynote speaker at Cell Tech August Celebration, Raw Expo, Essene Annual Conference and the Hippocrates Health Educator Intensive. He was also a keynote speaker at the alternative World Congress on Incurable Diseases in Germany in 2002 [2]; Raw World: International Festival of Raw Food Enthusiasts in Costa Rica in 2003 [3], and at various other workshops.

Speaker and advocate[link]

Kulvinskas also trained the staff in “Enzymatic Nutrition and Live Food Therapies for Degenerative Disease” at his Hippocrates Clinic of Asia [4] in the Philippines, 2002.

After opening a culinary school in 2002, Kulvinskas continued to be active in enzymatic theories and development of foods, as well as lecturing and writing in the field of alternative wellness and enzymatic therapies. He was one of the first to popularize the long out-of-print works of Chicago enzyme researcher Dr Edward Howell (born 1898) of the Lindlahr Sanitarium (Illinois).^[10] Kulvinskas was also one of the first to promote sprouts,^[11] algae, wheatgrass, plant enzymes and herbal formulations^[12] to offset the claimed impact of cooked foods, environmental pollution and inherited weaknesses.

Writing[link]

Viktoras Kulvinskas is an author of numerous books on natural living, whole foods, healthy eating and healing, which championed an enzyme rich, low protein, low starch, high liquid, pre-digested uncooked vegetarian diet to include fruits, vegetables, sprouted seeds and grains, weeds, algae, seaweeds, baby greens and seed milks, for health and longevity.

Survival[link]

Survival In The 21st Century: A Planetary Healer's Handbook (with artwork by Peter Max), which sold over a half a million copies worldwide, was the first holistic book published which cited (400) medical journal references and is notable for its coverage of living foods and enzyme nutrition.^{[citation needed]} It was also one of the first books to document Johnny Lovewisdom, who Kulvinskas visited in Vilcabamba, Ecuador, and his work on radioactive fallout zones.^[13]

Topics covered in Survival included alternative therapies, body ecology, consciousness expansion, dietary technology, disease, enzymes, food combining, fruitarianism, healing, holistic health, iridology, living foods, longevity, macrobiotics, meditation, physical survival, spirituality, raw nutrition, sproutarianism, vegetarianism and yoga.

In the book, Dr Ann Wigmore, co-founder with Kulvinskas of the Hippocrates Health Institute, called it "The Bible of the Aquarian Age.", Washington Natural Hygienist, Dr Stanley Bass, called it "An encyclopedic and bold attempt at a Whole integrated look at man and the Universe." and Dr Brian Clement, Director of Kulvinskas' Hippcorates Health Institute, wrote: "Viktoras gives you the information you need to move forward.".

Other writing[link]

Kulvinskas has contributed articles to numerous journals including “Vegetarian Voice”, “Vegetarian Times”, “Vegetarian World”, “Health Street Journal” and “Alternatives”.

Unpublished writing[link]

Unpublished writings mentioned in The Lover's Diet include: Eat It Raw, From Longevity To Immortality, Happy Belly, Life Extension Recipes and Youthing With Enzymes.

Coverage[link]

Articles[link]

Articles featuring Kulvinskas have appeared in issues of SPIN, Magical Blend, New Life Magazine, Living Nutrition and other publications. Articles on Kulvinskas appeared in The Heart of Greatness: Ordinary People Creating Extraordinary Success (1997), Wheatgrass Nature's Finest Medicine: The Complete Guide to Using Grass Foods & Juices to Revitalize Your Health (1998) by Steve Meyorowitz, and Raw Knowledge: Enhance The Powers of Your Mind, Body and Soul by Paul Nison (2002).

Awards[link]

Kulvinskas received "The Lifetime of Achievement Award" at the "2000 Raw Food Culinary Showcase", Jamaica, where he was a keynote speaker.^[14] He was also awarded the "Live Food Culinary Chef and Instructor" Certificate of Accomplishment by the Light Culinary Institute.^[15]

Contemporaries[link]

Contemporaries of Kulvinskas have included Ann Wigmore, Marcia Acciardo, Brian Clements Ph.D, Dr. Douglas N. Graham, and Humbart Santillo.^[16]

Criticism[link]

Blue green algae, a food advocated by Kulvinskas, is associated with anatoxin and microcystins.^[17]

Books[link]

English[link]

• Don't Die Without Enzymes
• Life in the Twenty-First Century, 21st Century Publications
• For The Love Of A Sprout, Connecticut: OMango Press, 1970s
• Love Your Body: Live Food Recipes, with Dick Gregory, 1972
• Love Your Body: Or, How To Be A Live Food Lover, Mass: OMango Press, 1972
• Love Your Body: Or, How To Be A Live Food Lover, with Dick Gregory, 1975
• Survival Into The 21st Century: Natural Planetary Healer's Manual, Connecticut: OMango d'Press, 1975
• Sprout For The Love Of Everybody, Survival Foundation, 1978
• The New Age Health Directory Holistic Health Guide, 1978
• Survival Into The 21st Century: Natural Planetary Healer's Manual, 1979
• The New Age Health Directory Holistic Health Guide, 1981
• Survival Into The 21st Century: Natural Planetary Healer's Manual, 21st Century Publications, 1981
• Sprout For The Love Of Everybody, 1988
• The Lover's Diet, 2000s
• Survival Into The 21st Century: A Planetary Healer's Handbook, (Millennium Edition), Arizona: Ihopea Incorporated, 2002, 318 pages, with New Foreword.
• Survival Into The 21st Century: A Planetary Healer's Handbook, Woodstock Valley, Ct.: 21st Century Publications, 2006
• Raw Survival (DVD), 2008
• Survival In The 21st Century: Planetary Healer's Manual, Book Publishing Company, 2010

Other language editions[link]

• Sund med Spirer: næringsindholdet i spirer og græs, oversat af Arne Herløv Petersen, Thaning & Appel, 1985. Denmark, Schlagwörter: Helse, Kogeböger.
• Le Mythe Menstruel: La Menstruation est-elle Nécessaire à la Santé et à La Fécondité?, with Ann Wigmore, Morges: M. Dégallier, 1986
• L'elixir Vert du Rajeunissement, Morges: M. Dégallier, 1986
• L'importance de La Nutrition pour le Développement Oculaire et la Fonction Visuelle, Morges: M. Dégallier, 1986
• Comment Passer du Végétarisme au Respirianisme, Morges: M. Dégallier, 1986
• Nutrición En La Nueva Era, Mandala Ediciones, 1992, ISBN 84-86961-51-3, ISBN 978-84-86961-51-0
• Leben und Überleben: Kursbuch im 21. Jahrhundert, by Viktoras Kulvinskas; Ursula von Wiese, München: Hirthammer, 2001
• Csíraételek: fiatalodás és gyógyulás az Anyatermészet segítségével, ford. Gazdik Ágnes, Budapest: Mandala-Veda, cop. 2007.

With others[link]

• The Food Enzymes for Health & Longevity, with Edward Howell, Lotus Brands Inc.
• The Nutritional Evaluation Of Sprouts & Grasses - with Robert Silverstein, Omango D'Press, 1978.
• Intuitive Eating: Everybody's Guide to Vibrant Health and Lifelong Vitality Through Food with Humbart Santillo and Regina Sara Ryan, Hohm Press, 1993
• Dining in the Raw: Groundbreaking Natural Cuisine That Combines the Techniques of Macrobiotic, Vegan, Allergy-Free, and Raw Food Discipline with Rita Romano and Nancy Jolly, Taschenbuch 1997.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Pour un point de vue sur Viktoras Kulvinskas, voir les références du Professeur français Henri Joyeux [5]
• Viktoras Kulvinskas Official Website
• Survival in the 21st Century