A type of tomb: a mausoleum in Le Père Lachaise cemetery.

The Pyramid tomb of Khufu.

Tombs and sarcophagi from Hierapolis

A tomb (from Greek: τύμβος - tumbos^[1]) is a repository for the remains of the dead. It is generally any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber, of varying sizes.

Overview[link]

The word is used in a broad sense to encompass a number of such types of places of interment or, occasionally, burial, including:

• Burial vaults – stone or brick-lined underground spaces for interment (rather than burial), originally vaulted, often privately owned for specific family groups; usually beneath a religious building such as a church or in a churchyard or cemetery
• Church monuments – within a church (or tomb-style chests in a churchyard) may be places of interment, but this is unusual; they more commonly stand over the grave or burial vault rather than containing the actual body and are therefore not tombs
• Crypts – often, though not always, for interment; similar to burial vaults but usually for more general public interment
• Hypogeum tombs - stone-built underground structures for interment, such as the tombs of ancient Egypt
• Martyria - Mausolea for the remains of martyrs, such as San Pietro in Montorio
• Mausolea (including ancient pyramids in some countries) – external free-standing structures, above ground, acting as both monument and place of interment, usually for individuals or family group
• Megalithic tombs (including Chamber tombs) – prehistoric places of interment, often for large communities, constructed of large stones and originally covered with an earthen mound
• Sarcophagi – stone containers for bodies or coffins, often decorated and perhaps part of a monument; these may stand within religious buildings or greater tombs or mausolea
• Sepulchre – a cavernous rock-cut space for interment, generally in the Jewish or Christian faiths (cf. Holy Sepulchre)
• Kokh – a rectangular rock-cut sloping space, running inward, like tunnels into rock, sufficiently high and wide to permit the admission of a corpse
• Architectural shrines – in Christianity, an architectural shrine above a saint's first place of burial, as opposed to a similar shrine on which stands a reliquary or feretory into which the saint's remains have been transferred
• Other forms of archaeological 'tombs' such as ship burials
• Rock-cut tombs, a form widespread in the ancient world, in which the tomb is not built but carved out of the rock and can be a free-standing building but is more commonly a cave, which may be extensive and may or may not have an elaborate facade.

As indicated, tombs are generally located in or under religious buildings, such as churches, or in cemeteries or churchyards. However, they may also be found in catacombs, on private land or, in the case of early or pre-historic tombs, in what is today open landscape.

The tomb of Emperor Nintoku (the 16th Emperor of Japan) is the largest in the world by area. However, the Pyramid of Khufu in Egypt is the largest by volume.

References[link]

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tombs

• Grave
• Dartmoor kistvaens
• Catacombs of Rome
• Church monuments
• English church monuments
• Cadaver tomb
• Ossuaries
• Funerary art
• Death in Norse paganism
• List of mausolea
• List of tombs and mausoleums
• List of extant papal tombs
• List of non-extant papal tombs

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The Casualties
Gig in Poland in January 2007
Background information
Origin	New York City, U.S.A.
Genres	Street punk
Years active	1990–present
Labels	SideOneDummy
Associated acts	The Krays The Manix Kickstarts
Members
Jorge Herrera Rick Lopez Jake Kolatis Marc "Meggers" Eggers

The Casualties in 2006

The Casualties are an American street punk band from New York City,^{[citation needed]} formed in 1990.

Biography[link]

The Casualties members aimed to return to what they viewed as the "golden era" of street punk, embodied by bands such as The Exploited, Charged GBH, which they believed had disappeared by 1985. During the early years, the lineup was stable. The initial lineup consisted of Colin and Jorge on vocals, Yureesh on drums, Hank on guitar, and Mark on bass. Colin stepped out for several months to finish his education while Rachel, Rivits' singer, took his place.

At this point, Colin, Jorge, Yureesh, and Mark put together a demo. Fred replaced Hank, but then Fred left to go to school, and Scott from C-Squat filled in. Another guitarist, Steve, from Distraught, also filled in during this period. The EP 40 Oz. Casualty was recorded. By 1992, the band was touring and building up a fan base in NYC. In 1993, bassist Mark and guitarist Fred were replaced by Mike and Jake, respectively and Yureesh was replaced by Shawn on drums in 1994. In 1995, the band's second release, the "A Fuckin Way Of Life" E.P. was released on Eyeball Records. In 1996, Shawn left the band, and Meggers of the Rivits came to fill in and became the regular drummer. The line-up of Jorge, Jake, Mike and Meggers continued until 1997. Johnny (Of The Krays) served as bassist until 1998 (a position more permanently filled by Rick later that year).

The Casualties have continued to produce high-energy recordings and they have done US and international tours (e.g., Europe, Japan, and El Salvador). Under Attack was released on SideOneDummy Records in 2006, and they toured virtually non-stop for three years in support of the album. Their newest album, We Are All We Have, was released on the SideOneDummy label on August 25, 2009.

In December 2009, The Casualties toured alongside Hatebreed, The Acacia Strain, Crowbar, and Thy Will Be Done as part of the Stillborn Fest.

The Casualties are currently recording a new album with famed producer Zeuss, which is set to be released in Summer 2012.

Members[link]

Current lineup[link]

• Jorge Herrera- lead vocals (1990–present)
• Rick Lopez - vocals, bass (1998–present)
• Jake Kolatis - vocals, guitar (1993–present)
• Marc "Meggers" Eggers - drums (1995–present)

Past members[link]

• Colin - vocals (1990–1994)
• Yureesh - drums (1990–1994)
• Hank - guitar (1990–1991)
• Mark - bass (1990–1993)
• Fred - guitar (1991–1993)
• Shawn - drums (1994–1996)
• Mike - bass (1993–1997)

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

• 1997: For the Punx
• 1998: Underground Army
• 2000: Stay Out of Order
• 2001: Die Hards
• 2004: On the Front Line
• 2005: En la Línea del Frente
• 2006: Under Attack
• 2009: We Are All We Have

EPs[link]

• 1992: 40 Oz. Casualty
• 1994: A Fuckin' Way of Life
• 2000: Who's in Control?

Compilation albums[link]

• 2001: The Early Years: 1990–1995
• 2010: For the Casualties Army

Live albums[link]

• 1999: Live at the Fireside Bowl
• 2003: More at the Fireside Bowl
• 2007: Made in NYC

Various artists compilation appearances[link]

• 1990: Benefit for Beer - "Political Sin"
• 1994 "Pogo Attack LP" - "25 Years To Late" - "For The Punx"
• 2001 "Warped Tour 2001" - "Fight For Your Life"
• 2003 "The Sound of Rebellion" - "Killing Machine" - "Politicians" - "No Rules"
• 2003: Punx Unite - "Punx Unite"
• 2003: Warped Tour 2003 - "Made in N.Y.C."
• 2005: Punx Unite 2 - "Way of Life"
• 2004: AMP Magazine Presents: Volume 2-Street Punk - "Sounds From the Streets"
• 2004: Warped Tour 2004 - "Tomorrow Belongs To Us"
• 2005: Punx Unite-Leaders of Today - "Rebel"
• 2006: Warped Tour 2006 - "Under Attack"
• 2007: Take Action Tour 2007 - "VIP"
• 2010: Warped Tour 2010

Videos[link]

• 1998: Live At NewCastle Riverside
• 1998: Underground Army World Tour
• 2000: Nightmare
• 2001: Get Off My Back
• 2004: Tomorrow Belongs To Us
• 2006: Can't Stop Us
• 2006: On City Streets
• 2009: War Is Business
• 2009: We Are All We Have
• ????: Ten Years of Destruction/Live at CBGB's
  • This video was made and compiled by a close friend of The Casualties highlighting the early years of The Casualties, and includes a rare appearance of their second drummer Shawn who left shortly after. It is now the rarest and oldest footage of The Casualties ever taped (Some of it even dating back to 1991), and used to be on some punk distribution sites like AngryYoungAndPoor.com and PunkUtopia.com, but was later pulled by the band themselves because of the "Can't Stop Us" DVD (or some other DVD) that supposedly would/will contain old, rare footage of them back in the early days.

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Casualties

• The Casualties on Myspace
• Burning Stars Interview with Jake - 2006