Hares
European hare (Lepus europaeus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Lagomorpha
Family:	Leporidae
Genus:	Lepus Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Lepus timidus Linnaeus, 1758
Species
See text

Hares and jackrabbits are leporids belonging to the genus Lepus. A hare less than one year old is called a leveret. Four species commonly known as types of hare are classified outside of Lepus: the hispid hare (Caprolagus hispidus), and three species known as red rock hares (Pronolagus spp.).

Hares are very fast-moving. The European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) can run at speeds of up to 72 km/h (45 mph). They live solitarily or in pairs, while a "drove" is the collective noun for a group of hares.

A common type of hare in Arctic North America is the snowshoe hare, replaced farther south by the black-tailed jackrabbit, white-tailed jackrabbit, and other species.

Normally a shy animal, the European brown hare changes its behavior in spring, when hares can be seen in broad daylight chasing one another around meadows; this appears to be competition between males to attain dominance (and hence more access to breeding females). During this spring frenzy, hares can be seen "boxing"; one hare striking another with its paws (probably the origin of the term "mad as a March hare"). For a long time it had been thought that this was inter-male competition, but closer observation has revealed that it is usually a female hitting a male to prevent copulation.^[1]

Differences from rabbits[link]

Hares do not bear their young below ground in a burrow as do other leporids, but rather in a shallow depression or flattened nest of grass called a form. Hares are adapted to the lack of physical protection, relative to that afforded by a burrow, by being born fully furred and with eyes open. They are hence able to fend for themselves soon after birth; they are precocial. By contrast, the related rabbits and cottontail rabbits are altricial, having young that are born blind and hairless.

All rabbits (except the cottontail rabbits) live underground in burrows or warrens, while hares (and cottontail rabbits) live in simple nests above the ground, and usually do not live in groups. Hares are generally larger than rabbits, with longer ears, and have black markings on their fur. Hares have not been domesticated, while rabbits are kept as house pets. There is a domestic pet known as the "Belgian Hare", but this is a rabbit that has been selectively bred to resemble a hare.

The hare's diet is similar to the rabbit's. They are both in the order Lagomorpha.

Hares have jointed, or kinetic, skulls, unique among mammals.

They have 48 chromosomes (44 for the rabbit).

Classification[link]

There are 32 species listed:

Cape hare Lepus capensis

• Genus Lepus^[2]
  • Subgenus Macrotolagus
    • Antelope jackrabbit, Lepus alleni
  • Subgenus Poecilolagus
    • Snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus
  • Subgenus Lepus
    • Arctic hare, Lepus arcticus
    • Alaskan hare, Lepus othus
    • Mountain hare, Lepus timidus
  • Subgenus Proeulagus
    • Black-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus californicus
    • White-sided jackrabbit, Lepus callotis
    • Cape hare, Lepus capensis
    • Tehuantepec jackrabbit, Lepus flavigularis
    • Black jackrabbit, Lepus insularis
    • Scrub hare, Lepus saxatilis
    • Desert hare, Lepus tibetanus
    • Tolai hare, Lepus tolai
  • Subgenus Eulagos
    • Broom hare, Lepus castroviejoi
    • Yunnan hare, Lepus comus
    • Korean hare, Lepus coreanus
    • Corsican hare, Lepus corsicanus
    • European hare, Lepus europaeus
    • Granada hare, Lepus granatensis
    • Manchurian hare, Lepus mandschuricus
    • Woolly hare, Lepus oiostolus
    • Ethiopian highland hare, Lepus starcki
    • White-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus townsendii
  • Subgenus Sabanalagus
    • Ethiopian hare, Lepus fagani
    • African savanna hare, Lepus microtis
  • Subgenus Indolagus
    • Hainan hare, Lepus hainanus
    • Indian hare, Lepus nigricollis
    • Burmese hare, Lepus peguensis
  • Subgenus Sinolagus
    • Chinese hare, Lepus sinensis
  • Subgenus Tarimolagus
    • Yarkand hare, Lepus yarkandensis
  • Subgenus incertae sedis
    • Japanese hare, Lepus brachyurus
    • Abyssinian hare, Lepus habessinicus

As food[link]

Hares and rabbits are plentiful in many areas, adapt to a wide variety of conditions, and reproduce quickly, so hunting is often less regulated than for other varieties of game. In rural areas of North America and particularly in pioneer times,^[3] they were a common source of meat. However, because of their extremely low fat content, they are a poor choice as a survival food.^[4]

Hares can be prepared in the same manner as rabbits—commonly roasted or taken apart for breading and frying.

Young Hare, a watercolour, 1502, by Albrecht Dürer

Hasenpfeffer (also spelled Hasenfeffer) is a traditional German stew made from marinated rabbit or hare. Pfeffer is not only the name of a spice, but also of a dish where the animal's blood is used as a gelling agent for the sauce. Wine or vinegar is also a prominent ingredient, to lend a sourness to the recipe.

Jugged hare (known as civet de lièvre in France), is a whole hare, cut into pieces, marinated, and cooked with red wine and juniper berries in a tall jug that stands in a pan of water. It traditionally is served with the hare's blood (or the blood is added right at the very end of the cooking process) and port wine.^[5][6][7][8]

Jugged hare is described in the influential 18th century cookbook, The Art of Cookery by Hannah Glasse, with a recipe titled, "A Jugged Hare," that begins, "Cut it into little pieces, lard them here and there...." The recipe goes on to describe cooking the pieces of hare in water in a jug that it set within a bath of boiling water to cook for three hours.^[9] Beginning in the nineteenth century, Glasse has been widely credited with having started the recipe with the words "First, catch your hare," as in this citation.^[6] This attribution is apocryphal.

However, having a freshly caught, or shot, hare enables one to obtain its blood. A freshly killed hare is prepared for jugging by removing its entrails and then hanging it in a larder by its hind legs, which causes the blood to accumulate in the chest cavity. One method of preserving the blood after draining it from the hare (since the hare itself is usually hung for a week or more) is to mix it with red wine vinegar to prevent it coagulating, and then to store it in a freezer.^[10][11]

Many other British cookbooks from before the middle of the 20th century have recipes for jugged hare. Merle and Reitch^[12] have this to say about jugged hare, for example:

The best part of the hare, when roasted, is the loin and the thick part of the hind leg; the other parts are only fit for stewing, hashing, or jugging. It is usual to roast a hare first, and to stew or jug the portion which is not eaten the first day. [...]

To Jug A Hare. This mode of cooking a hare is very desirable when there is any doubt as to its age, as an old hare, which would be otherwise uneatable, may be made into an agreeable dish. [...]

In 2006, a survey of 2021 people for the television channel UKTV Food found that only 1.6% of the people under 25 recognized jugged hare by name. 7 of 10 stated they would refuse to eat jugged hare if it were served at the house of a friend or a relative.^[13][14]

The hare (and in recent times, the rabbit) is a staple of Maltese cuisine. The dish was presented to the island's Grandmasters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta as well as Renaissance Inquisitors resident on the island, several of whom went on to become pope.

According to Jewish tradition, the hare is among mammals deemed not kosher, and therefore not eaten by observant Jews. However according to Islamic dietary laws Muslims deems coney meat halal. The Shia however have difference in opinion.

In England, a now rarely-served dish is potted hare. The hare meat is cooked, then covered in at least one inch (preferably more) of butter. The butter is a preservative; the dish can be stored for up to several months. It is served cold, often on bread or as an appetizer.

Folklore and mythology[link]

"How to allure the Hare". Facsimile of a Miniature in the Manuscript of Phoebus (Fifteenth Century).

The hare in African folk tales is a trickster; some of the stories about the hare were retold among African slaves in America, and are the basis of the Brer Rabbit stories. The hare appears in English folklore in the saying "as mad as a March hare" and in the legend of the White Hare that alternatively tells of a witch who takes the form of a white hare and goes out looking for prey at night or of the spirit of a broken-hearted maiden who cannot rest and who haunts her unfaithful lover.^[15][16] In Irish folklore, the hare is often associated with Sidh (Fairy) or other pagan elements. In these stories characters who harm hares often suffer dreadful consequences.

Many cultures, including the Chinese, Japanese, and Mexican, see a hare in the pattern of dark patches in the moon (see Moon rabbit); this tradition forms the basis of the Angelo Branduardi song "The Hare in the Moon"^[17] The constellation Lepus represents a hare.

One of Aesop's fables tells the story of The Tortoise and the Hare.

Famous hares in fiction[link]

Rabbits in culture and literature

Famous hares in art[link]

Three hares[link]

Dreihasenfenster (Window of Three Hares) in Paderborn Cathedral

A study in 2004 followed the history and migration of a symbolic image of three hares with conjoined ears. In this image, three hares are seen chasing each other in a circle with their heads near its centre. While each of the animals appears to have two ears, only three ears are depicted. The ears form a triangle at the centre of the circle and each is shared by two of the hares. The image has been traced from Christian churches in the English county of Devon right back along the Silk Road to China, via western and eastern Europe and the Middle East. It is possible that before its appearance in China, it was first depicted in the Middle East before being reimported centuries later. Its use is associated with Christian, Jewish, Islamic and Buddhist sites stretching back to about AD 600.^[18]

Place names[link]

The hare has given rise to local place names, as they can often be observed in favoured localities. An example in Scotland is 'Murchland', the Scots word for a hare being 'murchen'.^[19]

See also[link]

Rabbits and hares portal

• Lagomorpha
• Moon gazing hare
• Rabbits in the arts
• Three hares

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Windling, Terri. The Symbolism of Rabbits and Hares.
• William George Black, F.S.A.Scot. "The Hare in Folk-lore" The Folk-Lore Journal. Volume 1, 1883.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lepus

• BBC Living World section about hares
• Picture series of an aged hare whose fur has turned gray

Maddy Prior
Prior in 2008
Background information
Born	(1947-08-14) 14 August 1947 (age 64)
Origin	Blackpool, Lancashire, England
Genres	Folk rock, Electric folk, Folk
Occupations	Singer, Dancer
Instruments	Vocals
Years active	1967–present
Labels	Park
Associated acts	Steeleye Span Maddy Prior and Tim Hart Brass Monkey Silly Sisters The Carnival Band
Website	www.maddyprior.co.uk

Madeleine E. "Maddy" Prior (born 14 August 1947) is an English folk singer, best known as the lead vocalist of Steeleye Span.^[1]

Early life[link]

Born in Blackpool, Prior moved in her teens to St Albans, where she befriended the young Donovan Leitch and Mac MacLeod in The Cock pub . She later formed a duo with MacLeod called 'Mac & Maddy'. She became a roadie for visiting American musicians, including Reverend Gary Davis. They gave her useful advice about singing British folk songs instead of American songs.

Maddy's father[link]

Maddy's father, Allan Prior, was co-creator of the police drama Z-Cars, and wrote Stookie, a 6-part series for television, about a boy with his arm in a sling. Maddy sang the title song, which was released as a single in 1985. It reappeared on the Steeleye Span album A Rare Collection 1972 – 1996.

Singing career[link]

After a brief stint with Mac MacLeod in 'Mac & Maddy' (another act formed at The Cock Pub), by 1966 she began performing with Tim Hart, another St Albans resident, and together they recorded two albums before becoming founding members of Steeleye Span in 1969.^[2] They were the backbone of the group until the early 1980s when ill-health forced Hart into semi-retirement. Apart from the tambourine and spoons, Prior doesn't play an instrument, but she always gives a sprightly performance of her individual dances. In 1974 Ralph McTell wrote "Maddy Dances" in her honour, included on his album "Easy".

Prior married bassist Rick Kemp, though they have since divorced. The singer Rose Kemp is their daughter.

Prior has recorded session work, albums of her own songs and eclectic styles from medieval, through electric folk — Steeleye Span and Maddie Prior appeared on television with a regular programme Electric Folk^{[citation needed]} — prog-rock and traditional songs, including session work on Mike Oldfield's Incantations. She left Steeleye Span in 1997 but returned in 2002. The 1999 album The Journey was recorded in 1995, when Maddy was still in the band but not released until four years later. She was also one half of the duo Silly Sisters, which helped to boost June Tabor's career.

Since 2003, Prior has run and hosted an Arts Centre called Stones Barn in Cumbria. Working with fellow singers and performers like Abbie Lathe and daughter Rose Kemp, Maddy has offered residential courses focusing on singing, meditation, cookery and performance. Other events, hosted by other teachers, include classical Indian dances, painting and drumming. Maddy campaigns on behalf of the charity Cancer Research UK.

Recent tours and albums[link]

Prior took to the road with The Carnival Band in May 2007 for their "Music for Tavern and Chapel" tour. They celebrated the 300th anniversary of one of the key influences on their work, Charles Wesley. She made a guest appearance with The Levellers at the Solfest Festival in Cumbria in August 2007. On recent albums Troy Donockley has been a co-producer.

In December 2007 the album Ringing The Changes was issued. It is a collection of songs written by the band. In 2008 Prior appeared at the BBC's "Electric Proms".^[3] Steeleye Span toured the Eastern US, Australia and the UK beginning in 2009.

A short tour with The Carnival Band in November and December, featuring carols and seasonal music, has become a regular fixture for Prior in recent years.

Awards[link]

In 2001 Prior was awarded the MBE for services to folk music.^[4]

Discography[link]

With Steeleye Span[link]

Prior was on all the Steeleye Span albums from Hark! The Village Wait (1970) to Time (1996). She then returned for Present – The Very Best of Steeleye Span (2002) and subsequent albums.

Solo albums[link]

• Woman in the Wings (1978) — with Jethro Tull
• Changing Winds (1978)
• Hooked on Winning (1982)
• Going for Glory (1983)
• Happy Families (as 'Maddy Prior and Rick Kemp') (1990)
• Year (1993)
• Memento (best of) (1995)
• Flesh and Blood (1997)
• Ravenchild (1999)
• Ballads and Candles (2000)
• Arthur the King (2001)
• Bib and Tuck (2002) — as 'Maddy Prior And The Girls' with Abbie Lathe and Rose Kemp
• Lionhearts (2003)
• Under the Covers (2005) — as 'Maddy + Girls' with Abbie Lathe and Claudia Gibson
• The Quest (2007) (CD + DVD)
• Seven for Old England (2008)

Compilation[link]

• Collections 1995 – 2005 (2005)

Tim Hart and Maddy Prior[link]

• Folk Songs of Olde England vol 1 (1968)
• Folk Songs of Olde England vol 2 (1968)
• Summer Solstice (1971)

Maddy Prior and June Tabor[link]

• Silly Sisters (1976)
• No More To The Dance (1988)

Maddy Prior, John Kirkpatrick and Sydney Carter[link]

• Lovely in the Dances (1981)

Maddy Prior and The Carnival Band[link]

• A Tapestry of Carols (1986)
• Sing Lustily And With Good Courage (1990)
• Carols and Capers (1991)
• Hang Up Sorrow and Care (1995)
• Carols at Christmas (1996)
• Gold Frankincense and Myrrh (2001)
• An Evening of Carols and Capers (2006)
• Paradise Found (2007)
• Ringing the Changes (2007)

Maddy Prior and Martin Carthy[link]

• Beat the Retreat (1994) Maddy Prior and Martin Carthy perform two songs, "Farewell, Farewell", and "The Great Valerio" on this Richard Thompson tribute album.

Maddy Prior singles[link]

• "Rollercoaster" / "I Told You So" (1978)
• "Baggy Pants" / "Woman in the Wings" (1978)
• "Just the Two of Us" / "Acappella Stella" (1979)
• "Wake up England" / "Paradise" (1980)
• "The King" / "Ringing Down the Years" (1980) (with Dave Cousins/Strawbs)
• "To Face" / "Half Listening" (1982)
• "Deep in the Darkest Night" / "Western Movies" (1983)
• "Stookie" / "Incidental Music From "Stookie"" (1985)
• "Happy Families" / "Who's Sorry Now?" (1990)
• "I Saw Three Ships" / "Quem Pastores" / "Monsieur Charpentier's Christmas Swing" (1991) (with the Carnival Band)
• "I Saw Three Ships (Dance Doctor's Christmas Re-Mix)" / "The Boar's Head" / "Poor Little Jesus" (1992)
• "All Around My Hat" (1996) (with Status Quo)
• "Forgiveness" (2000) (with Jennifer Cutting All-Stars)
• "Gaudete" / "Greenwood Side" / "Gaudete (extended mix)" (2001) (with Keltic Fusion; Maddy's voice is sampled)
• "Stuff" (2007) (with the Carnival Band and Terry Jones)

DVDs[link]

• Ballads and Candles (2004)
• An Evening of Carols and Capers (2005)
• Looking For a Grail Legend (2007) (documentary)

As a session or guest singer[link]

She appeared on these albums:

• Shirley Collins: No Roses (1971)
• Jack the Lad: It's Jack the Lad (1974)
• Ralph McTell: Streets... (1975)
• Jethro Tull: Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die! (1976)
• Wizz Jones: Magical Flight (1977)
• Mandalaband: The Eye of Wendor: Prophecies (1978) on the track Like the Wind
• Mike Oldfield: Incantations (1978)
• Mike Oldfield: Exposed (1979) live album, re-released in 2005 on DVD-Video
• Tim Hart and Friends: My Very Favourite Nursery Rhymes (1981)
• Tim Hart and Friends: The Drunken Sailor and other Kids Favourites (1983)
• Swan Arcade: Diving for Pearls (1986)
• Frankie Armstrong: Till The Grass O'Ergrew The Corn (1996)
• Rev Hammer's Freeborn John: The Story of John Lilburne-The Leader of the Levellers (1997)
• Ayuo: Nova Carmina (1986)(Maddy Prior sings two songs from the Carmina Burana)
• Jennifer Cutting: Ocean: Songs for the Night Sea Journey (2005)
• Rev Hammer — Freeborn John Live (2007)

Television[link]

• BBC Wildlife on One: Shadow of the Hare 12 April 1993

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Stones Barn
• Park Records, Prior's Record Label
• The Carnival Band

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Paulina Rubio
Paulina Rubio at the Asics Music Festival.
Background information
Birth name	Paulina Susana Rubio Dosamantes
Born	(1971-06-17) June 17, 1971 (age 41) Mexico City, Federal District Mexico
Genres	Latin pop, pop, dance, pop rock, R&B, electropop
Occupations	Singer, actress, hostess, model,[1] businesswoman[2]
Instruments	Vocals
Years active	1981–present
Labels	EMI (1992–1996) Universal Music (2000–present)
Associated acts	Juanes, Susana Dosamantes, Timbiriche, Coti Sorokin, Shakira, Julieta Venegas
Website	www.paulinarubio.com

Paulina Susana Rubio Dosamantes (born June 17, 1971)^[3] is a Mexican singer, actress, hostess, model and businesswoman. Paulina Rubio was known in her country in the group Timbiriche in 1991. Her debut album, La Chica Dorada (1992) was released under EMI Music, followed by 24 Kilates (1993). Her follow-up albums, El tiempo es oro (1995) and Planeta Paulina (1996) helped Rubio be more known in Latin America. Rubio's departure from EMI Music happened in the same year.

With her new label, Universal Music, she released her sixth studio album Paulina (2000) and her crossover album Border Girl (2002), both had commercial success in Latin America and Europe; the first of these won nominations and awards. According to Billboard, Paulina was the most sold Latin album in the United States in 2001, and won Diamond certification for its sales of 2.5 million of copies worldwide.^[4] Paulina has sold over 7 million of copies.^[5] Her follow-up albums, Pau-Latina (2004) and Ananda (2006) consolidated Rubio internacionally. Her ninth album, Gran City Pop (2009) has a fresh and original concept, and focus in a only vision, to reflect Paulina's life and musical experiences. Rubio's latest album to date, Brava! (2011), focuses in electronic genres.

Fourteen of Rubio's thirty-five singles reached number one in Mexico.^[6] In 2010, Paulina Rubio has sold over 30 million of records around the world,^[7] and is considered one of most influential Latin celebrities.^[8] According to E! Entertainment, the singer reached number twelve on the 25 Sexiest Pop Divas.^[9]

Pre-solo career[link]

From the age of 5, Paulina Rubio was taking singing, acting, jazz, painting, and dance lessons while enrolled at what is now the Centro de Educación Artística (CEA) in Mexico. After two years there, Rubio's parents were contacted by Julisa and Guillermo del Bosque for approval of Rubio's joining a band that would be formed by children from the center.

On April 30, 1982, she began her singing career when she was ten years old under the guidance of Miguel Bosé, debuting in the popular children's pop group Timbiriche. The original band had seven members: Alix Bauer, Benny Ibarra, Diego Schoening, Mariana Garza, Paulina Rubio, Sasha Sökol, and Erick Rubin (who joined a year later). Other members, who joined later, of the band were Thalía and Edith Márquez. Rubio recorded 11 albums as part of Timbiriche. In 1985, Timbiriche participated in the musical Vaselina (Spanish adaptation of the American musical Grease). While in Timbiriche, Rubio turned to acting in telenovelas with Televisa. She landed her first role in 1988 as the villain Paulina Montenegro in Pasión y Poder (Passion and Power). In 1992 she starred in Baila Conmigo (Dance With Me), one of the biggest telenovelas of that year, as Andrea. Two soundtracks, Baila Conmigo and Recuerdos de Baila Conmigo, were released. Members of the soap opera performed on Siempre en Domingo (Always on Sunday), among other TV programs.

Solo career[link]

In 1991, Rubio left Timbiriche to focus on a solo career. She moved to Spain to begin work on her first album as a solo artist. In 1992, she released her debut album, La Chica Dorada under the EMI label; La Chica Dorada became her trademark nickname. La Chica Dorada was certified Diamond in 1997, and she was presented with an award during her promotion of Planeta Paulina on Verónica Castro's defunct music show, La Tocada. The first single, "Mío", is Rubio's signature song^{[citation needed]} and peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks while reaching #2 in Mexico. Amor de Mujer, Sabor a Miel, and Abriendo las Puertas al Amor were released as the following singles reaching #22, #8, and #9 respectively on the Hot Latin Tracks. Sabor a miel peaked at #2 while Abriendo las puertas al amor peaked at #3 on the Mexican charts.

In 1993, she released her sophomore effort, 24 Kilates, which sold 150,000 copies in two weeks of its release. The album peaked at #1 in Mexico. "Nieva, Nieva" was released as the first single which reached #27 on the Hot Latin Tracks and became Paulina's first #1 single in Mexico. "El Me Engañó" and "Asunto de Dos" were released in Mexico which peaked at #1 and #5 respectively.

In 1995, El Tiempo Es Oro was released. It includes the hits "Te Daría Mi Vida" and "Nada de Ti" which peaked at #1 in Mexico while "Hoy Te Deje De Amar" peaked at #9. The theme song and title to the 1994 Mexican film Bésame En La Boca, was included on the album, in which she also starred as the lead role.

In 1996, she released her last album under the EMI Latin label, Planeta Paulina, which included the hit single "Enamorada" which peaked at #2 in Mexico. "Pobre Niña Rica" was featured as the theme song of the 1995 telenovela in which she also starred as Alma, Pobre Niña Rica. Rubio also recorded English versions of several songs which did not appear on the album. Some of these songs were released years later on a hits compilation. The first single off the album "Simpre Tuya Desde La Raiz" peaked at #1 in Mexico while Solo Por Ti peaked at #7.

EMI declined to release Paulina's first English crossover album, which was supposed to be the English version of Planeta Paulina album, because of that, Rubio got in a legal battle against EMI for not fulfilling the plans they had already planned. She had to pay them money so they can let her leave the record company.

After Planeta Paulina, Rubio took the longest break of her career. She left the music scene and moved to Spain where she dealt in a little bit of everything. Except for her participation in 1998's successful Reencuentro Tour with Timbiriche, Rubio was absent from the music scene for nearly four long years.

[edit] 2000–2001: Paulina

Paulina Rubio in July 2000

Paulina's return to the music scene began in the summer of 1999 when she recorded Richard Daniel Roman's Vive El Verano, the theme song to a summer TV show where she was the host of in Spain. Vive El Verano was the first single under her new record contract with Universal.

On May 23, 2000 Rubio released her fifth and most successful studio album to date, Paulina. Paulina. was nominated three times at the second annual Latin Grammy Awards for "Album of the Year", "Song of the Year", and "Best Female Pop Vocal Album." She became the winner of multiple prestigues awards. It became Rubio's first number 1 album on Billboard's "Top Latin Albums" chart, as well as the biggest selling Latin album of all 2001. The album Paulina has been certified 4× Platinum in Mexico for shipping 600,000 albums,^[10] while being certified 8× Platinum (Latin field) in the U.S. for shipments of 800,000 units.^[11] The album peaked at #156 on the Billboard 200 and was on the charts for more than 2-years. "Paulina" was the #1 album for the entire year of 2001 on The Billboard Latin Albums and Latin Pop Albums.

The albums singles include the first single Lo Haré Por Ti, the ranchera/hip-hop "El Ultimo Adios", the infectious Y Yo Sigo Aquí, and the female empowerment anthem Yo No Soy Esa Mujer peaking at #13, 18, 3 and 7 respectively. Other releases include Sexi Dance and Tal Vez, Quizá which peaked at #34 and #42 on the Hot Latin Songs. All singles have peaked inside the top seven in Mexico proving that Rubio is one of Mexico's most famous and talented female singers of all time.

The success of the album Paulina was so enormous that Universal Music decided it was time for Rubio to begin work on her first English-language album.

Later in 2009, Paulina was listed among the Top 10 best selling albums in the history of Mexico.

[edit] 2002: Border Girl

Paulina Rubio's presence in the English-language market came in 2002. On June 18, 2002, Border Girl, Rubio's first foray into English-language-Pop, was released. The album peaked at number 5 in Mexico and 14 Spain, and at number 9 in Canada. In the US, the album debuted at #11 on the "Billboard Top 200 Album" Chart and was certified Gold selling 500,000 copies. Her debut English album gave Paulina the international recognition she had sought after for years.

The hit single "Don't Say Goodbye" peaked at the 41st position on the U.S. "Billboard Hot 100" Chart, while the Spanish version reached #5 on the Hot Latin Tracks. The music video became a regular on MTV's Total Request Live. The One You Love (Todo Mi Amor) was released as the second single reaching #98 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #5 on the Hot Latin Tracks becoming her second top five hit from the album. The Spanish version of Casanova reached #37 on the Hot Latin Tracks.

Rubio appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn, and CD:UK, among others. She performed at international festivals, including Wango Tango, Festivalbar, and Festival di Sanremo in Italy, her first performance ALMA awards. With the success of the album Border Girl, Rubio appeared in magazines including Rolling Stone, Stuff, and Blender. On June 21, 2002 the Houston, Texas radio station 104 KRBE declared the 21st of June as "Paulina Day" in Houston.

In the Fall of 2002, Rubio toured and performed material from Border Girl as the opening act for fellow Latin pop star Enrique Iglesias.

[edit] 2004–2005: Pau-Latina

Paulina Rubio's 2004 comeback album, Pau-Latina, proved to be a huge success. Pau-Latina became Rubio's second consecutive album to debut at #1 on Billboard's "Top Latin Albums." The album peaked at #105 on the Billboard 200.

Pau-Latina won several awards during the year and was nominated for a Latin Grammy for "Best Pop Female Vocal Album" in 2004. In 2005, she was nominated for a Grammy Award for "Best Latin Pop Vocal Album." She was the only female nominated in that category.

The album's first single, Te Quise Tanto, became her biggest single to date, reaching the top position on Billboard's "Hot Latin Tracks" for six non-consecutive weeks. It became Rubio's first #1 on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs and peaked at #1 in most Latin American countries, as in Spain. The third single was Dame Otro Tequila which also peaked at #1 on the Hot Latin Tracks and only her second song to top the chart, peaked #1 in Mexico and Venezuela, too. Other releases included "Algo Tienes" and "Mia" both which made the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks top ten reaching #4 and #8 respectively, making Pau-Latina one of the few albums to provide four top ten hits.

The success of Pau-Latina opened doors for Paulina, as she hosted The MTV Latin America Awards for the first time. She performed a mix of Dame Otro Tequila and Pitbull's "Culo". It was the first time a female artist hosted the event. Paulina Rubio was also named People en Español's 2005 Star of the Year.

Rubio attended the 2004 and 2005 Billboard awards, performing "Te Quise Tanto" and "Algo Tienes", respectively.

She began her second solo tour and first solo world tour, called the "Pau-Latina Tour" in 2005 through 2006.

[edit] 2006–2007: Ananda

Paulina Rubio released the album Ananda on September 19, 2006.^[12] It reached the #1 spot in the U.S. and countries all over Latin America. It reached #25 on U.S. Billboard's "Billboard Hot 200" albums chart, and it reached the #1 spot on Billboard's "Top Latin Albums.^[13]Ananda received 2 "Billboard" awards. The first single released from "Ananda" was the rock/pop song Ni Una Sola Palabra which was Palina Rubio's third song to top the Billboard Hot Latin Songs and Pop Latin Songs. It stayed at #1 on the Hot Latin Songs for four consecutive weeks. The song peaked at #1 in Mexico and Spain as well as in most Latin American countries. In Spain the song was certified 3x platinum for sales of over 60,000. Ni Una Sola Palabra won a Billboard Award in 2007. The song was written specifically for Paulina Rubio by good friend Xabier San Martín, of the band La Oreja de Van Gogh.

Nada Puede Cambiarme was released as the second single from Ananda. The song had moderate success peaking at #21 on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs and #10 on the Mexican Chart. The music video as well as the song features legendary guitarist Slash from Guns N' Roses. The third single released from the album was "Ayúdame". It reached #36 on the Billboard Hot Lating Songs. Ayudame had more success on Mexico where it managed to reach #12. The music video was filmed in Puerto Rico and has a global warming theme. These songs were the only singles released from the album, but that did not prevent for other songs to be played in several radio stations across Latin America. A fourth/promotional single, "Que Me Voy A Quedar" which was written by Julieta Venegas was released in Spain to promote her hugely successful world tour "Amor, Luz Y Sonido". Ananda was certified and given a multi-platinum award for album sales of 250,000 in the U.S. and Puerto Rico. Rubio performed at the Nobel Peace Prize Gala in Oslo, Norway, alongside Rihanna, John Legend, and Lionel Richie, who also lined up to honor the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize recipient, Muhammad Yunus.

In 2007 Rubio was chosen by Miguel Bosé to record the song Nena as a duet. The song was released as the first single to promote the album Papito, which commemorated the 30-year career of the Spanish singer. "Nena" became a major hit in Mexico, peaking at #2 for several weeks. The song was the most played and successful single from the "Papito" album. The song "Nena" was nominated for Record of the Year at the 8th Annual Latin Grammys. In 2008, Rubio participated in the mega event ALAS, developed simultaneously in Mexico and Argentina. Rubio performed in Buenos Aires in front of 180,000 people, along with Shakira, Calle 13, Mercedes Sosa, Alejandro Sanz and Gustavo Cerati. Paulina embarked on her second world tour Amor, Luz Y Sonido in 2007.

[edit] 2009–2010: Gran City Pop

Rubio released the album Gran City Pop, on June 23, which was met with both critical acclaim and commercial success. The first single off the new album was called "Causa y Efecto". Speaking to a Mexican radio program, the "Golden Girl" said that the new material presented many changes, "but at the same time I remain very loyal to my music - my rancheras, boleros with my ... those rhythms with children - those children songs with such simple rhythms." This production has songs by Mario Domm, the leader of Camila, and Estéfano, but "there are some songs of mine with Coti, this is a disc to get the child out from within us", she said. It also includes work by Los Rabanes and Jeremías.

The album sold 10,788 copies in its first week of release in the United States. Later, a Spanish website published that Gran City Pop has sold more than a million and a half copies.^[14] With the success of Gran City Pop, Rubio performed at many award shows. Rubio's big comeback took place in the month of April at the 2009 Latin Billboard Music Awards where Rubio performed the lead single Causa y Efecto for the first time. Rubio performed live at Univision's Premios Juventud, singing "Causa y Efecto" with a different musical arrangement and choreograph.

Rubio appeared at Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica 2009 on October 15 along with Cobra Starship performing "Good Girls Go Bad" and "Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes". She was the female performer with the most nominations (and second most overall): Video of the Year, Mejor Artista, Mejor Artista Pop, Mejor Solista y Artista del Ano, winning Mejor Solista and Mejor Presentación En vivo for her performance with Cobra Starship. Paulina began her third international Gran City Pop Tour in September 2009.^[15] The first single was "Causa y Efecto" which was released with incredible success, topping the Billboard Hot Latin Songs 5 consecutive weeks, as well as topping the charts in Mexico for several weeks. It is Paulina's fourth #1 on the Hot Latin Tracks. The song also had success in Spain, where it topped the airplay charts for several weeks and peaked at #7 on the official chart, while topping the chart in Latin America countries.

The second single released from Gran City Pop is "Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes" peaked at #9 on the Hot Latin Songs and #5 on the Latin Pop Chart. It is described as being a ranchera/pop with a hip hop beat. The music video was directed by acclaimed director, Jessy Terrero. On November 11 she released the official remix of "Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes" with a new video and it featured the Cuban rapper Pitbull. The Mr. and Mrs. Smith themed video was premiered to the world in early 2010. Gran City Pop received a Grammy nomination at the 52nd Grammy Awards for "Best Latin Pop Album". The third single from the album was "Algo De Ti", which was released to radios on March 22, 2010 in Spain and on May 19, 2010 in USA. However, 'Universal Music Latino' declined to release 'Algo De Ti" to radio outlets, as a result it was unable to chart. It is receiving radio support only from Los Angeles KSSE 107.1 FM Super Estrella station.

In February 2010 that Paulina participated in the charity song (a cover of "We Are The World" in Spanish) for the people of Haiti, titled "Somos El Mundo".^[16] Later on, Paulina announced via Twitter that a duet with a talented English singer would be released soon.^[17] A few weeks later, a duet featuring Paulina and English singer Taio Cruz leaked to the internet, which later turned out to be a Spanglish version of Cruz's single "Dirty Picture" which was released on the Spanish edition of his album Rokstarr. In February 2011, it was confirmed the participation of Paulina in MTV Unplugged: Los Tigres del Norte and Friends, a live album by Los Tigres del Norte.^[18] Paulina and the band performed "Golpes en el Corazón", which was released as the first single off the album that was released on May 23. Paulina is also featured in Gloria Trevi's album, Gloria, on the track, "No Al Alguacil." The song is expected to be released as the third single off Trevi's album.^[19]

[edit] 2011–present: Brava! and New English Album

Paulina Rubio on May 5, 2012

In early August 2010, Paulina talked on her Twitcam about her upcoming projects including her next studio album. She said that her new album will be Spanglish and will include songs in Spanish and English. She also hoped that the first single of the new material would be released in the middle or the end of 2011. Paulina has also stated that she is writing songs with Nelly Furtado and Cobra Starship. In May 2011, Paulina announced on Twitter that she and Moroccan/Swedish producer/songwriter RedOne are working together on new music in Madrid.^[20] Billboard.com reports that, "She's been working with RedOne and writing with Julio Reyes Copello, Casadiego, Espinoza Paz, Chino y Nacho and Claudia Brant."

Paulina announced on Twitter that the first single off her new album will be released on September, 13, 2011. "I want to be the first one to let you know my NEW single hits radio Sept 13th!!!!! Are you ready to dance?" stated Paulina on her Twitter. The announcement comes only a few days after she tweeted a picture from the recording studio stating she had just finished recording the single.^[21] On August, 30th Paulina announced also via Twitter that the first single for her new album is named "Me Gustas Tanto" (I like you so much).^[22] According to LALATE, a celebrity news site narrowing on Rubio's career, the single, "Me Gustas Tanto" made its debut September 2, 2011 on the same site. The single is available for purchase on Amazon.com starting on September 6, 2011, about a week before it will be released as a digital single worldwide.^[23] The single has been described as a fresh song with simple lyrics and a catchy beat. More than 30.000 viewers listened to the song on the first day of its premiere through Paulina Rubio's VEVO channel on YouTube. Paulina confirmed she'll be working on the official music video for the single on September, 15.

The album was recorded between New York, Los Angeles, Jamaica and Madrid. Paulina said that the reason she wanted to do a Spanglish album is that she wanted to mix the language of her home Mexico and the United States; "I grew up in Mexico, but I've always been between the United States and my country. This is all done with a wink and a nod to 'Spanglish' culture, which continues to grow and has a foot in both worlds", the singer said.^[24] She stated on a radio interview that this album would be different from all her other albums because being a mother and the death of her father have inspired her a tremendously. She also said that 70% of the album's songs are in Spanish, while only 30% are in English.^[25] She also confirmed that RedOne is producing most of the 10 tracks on the standard edition, with some arrangements "between techno and rock band instruments like bass, drums and acoustic guitar."^[24]

Universal Music confirmed that Brava! is the title of Paulina's new album. The production has 10 tracks, seven of which are in Spanish, while only 3 are in English. It was released on November 15. ^[26] Paulina posted via Twitter the official cover of the new album, Brava!. Me voy was released as the album's second official single in Latin America on February 14, 2012,^[27] with a re-worked version featuring the Mexican singer-songwriter Espinoza Paz. A new English song titled "Boys Will Be Boys" was released in Europe on March 24, 2012. It's expected to be the leading single of either a new English album or a re-edition of Brava!, which is going to have many English songs as well. The song is also produced by RedOne, who also produced the music video of the single.^[28] The video was filmed in London.^[29]

Personal life[link]

As Rubio says "I have been famous since I was born", as she is the daughter of Mexican actress Susana Dosamantes and Enrique Rubio, a lawyer from Galicia, Spain. Rubio was born in Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico. Rubio has a younger brother named Enrique.

On April 30, 2007, she married Spanish public relations executive Nicolás "Colate" Vallejo Nájera in Xcaret, a park on the Mayan Riviera in Cancún, Quintana Roo. The couple split in March 2012^[30]

On May 5, 2010, Paulina announced through Twitter that she is expecting her first child. Her brother, Enrique Rubio, has corrected the statement that she is supposedly expecting twins, which is not true. Paulina has stated that if the child is a boy, he shall be named after his father, Nicolás. If it is a girl, she will be named after Rubio's great-grandmother, Micaela.^[31] On September 15, 2010 Paulina announced on her Twitter page that she is expecting a boy.^[32] On Sunday, November 14, 2010, Paulina and her husband Nicolás Vallejo-Nájera welcomed their first child, a baby boy named Andrea Nicolás Vallejo-Nágera Rubio in Miami, Florida.^[33] Prior to the birth Paulina had planned on having a water birth at home, but was rushed to the hospital and spent the weekend with doctors working to stabilize the health of the baby. Hospital staff tried to send Rubio home so that she could realize her dream of a natural home birth, but the complications lead her medical team to schedule a c-section.^[34]

On January 11, 2011, her father, Enrique Rubio González, died at the age of 67 in a Mexico City hospital.^[35] A consensus of various news sources have attributed his death to kidney failure.

In March, 2012, Paulina's husband, Colate, told Hola! that he and Paulina are separating after nearly five years of marriage. “It has been a decision by both of us, though it’s possible that I have been more firm when it came to carrying it out,” he said in an interview with the Spanish publication.“I have the feeling there is no going back,” Vallejo-Nagera said, disclosing that he and Rubio have been living apart since November and that their only communication with each other is about their son, Andrea Nicolas, born in November 2010. Colate said that while he will always be “grateful to Paulina” for their time together, his devotion to the marriage caused his business interests to suffer. “I decided to help and support my wife, which has caused me many problems that are costing me very dearly,” he said.^[36]

Business[link]

In 2007, Paulina launched her own lipstick in partnership with M.A.C. titled "Rubia". Paulina stated, "I love wearing make-up and use MAC products on stage and off, it's suitable for all occasions. I was thrilled when M.A.C approached me to create a new shade of lipstick and I instantly thought it should be a bold, vibrant matte lipstick that will look sexy on all women." ^[37]

In 2008, Paulina launched her own fragrance titled "ORO". The fragrance was released and created in conjunction with "Oracle Beauty Brands". It is an elegant floral oriental array of sparkling citrus that is awakened by hints of espresso bean and peppered florals, while being sweetened by a touch of vanilla. "This fragrance is for women like me who believe in themselves; are strong, fun and unpredictable, yet tender and loving. I put so much creativity and love into this fragrance, I feel as if a drop of me is in each and every bottle to be shared with my fans and all women", said Rubio.^[38]

Paulina has a restaurant in Miami Beach called L’Entrecote de Paris.^[39]

Modeling[link]

Rubio is dressed by the most prestigious and recognized designers which include her longtime friend Roberto Cavalli, Ina Soltani, Prada, Gucci, "Dolce & Gabbana", Alexander McQueen, etc.

Paulina has also ventured out into modeling. She has walked on runways of events from designer's such as "Alvin Valley", "Gaudí", Robero Cavalli, "Kiff-Kiff", etc. Paulina is also signed under "Elite Model Management" a prestigious modeling agency.^[40][41]

Paulina was the "face" of the opening campaign for the French fashion house "Louis Vuitton" in Latin America. Paulina has also long been the "face" for the Mexican "Andrea" shoes company.

Philanthropy and humanitarian work[link]

In 2007, Paulina joined the Latino Commission on AIDS, an organization in the fight against the spread HIV/AIDS in the Latino community. Paulina became the first "Mexican Madrina" to partner with the organization. Paulina stated, "It is important to make our voice heard and try to bring back some of the care that the community shares each day".^[42] Rubio has been part of several videos in which she asks viewers to promote "safe sex" relationships to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

On May 17, 2008, Paulina performed at the ALAS concert (América Latina en Acción Solidaria). The organization's mission is to strengthen and expand public and private sector support for Early Childhood Development in Latin America.^[43]

In 2009, Paulina received a recognition from the "American Heart Association" for her association with the organization. Rubio also performed at the event to raise funds.^[44]

On December 3, 2009, Paulina held a press conference announcing the creation of an organization in partnership with the "Lili Claire Foundation" to provide assistance to children living with neurological disorders and their families.^[45] "Fundación Paulina Rubio" is a project inspired by children in anguish as a result of homelessness, birth defects, and lack of education among other pernicious plights that many face today. By directing funds through other pre-existing organizations, such as The Lili Claire Foundation, children will receive a unique and comprehensive blend of support services including medical and behavioral genetics clinics, psychosocial counseling, advocacy services, information libraries, and community outreach that will ultimately help improve the lives of families and children living with neurogenetic disorders.^[46]

The Paulina & Friends exclusive benefit concert for The Lili Claire Foundation showcased some of today's leading music stars, such as Luis Fonsi, Aleks Syntek, Noel Schajris, Reik and Fanny Lú, who joined Paulina on Saturday, June 19. Paulina hosted the star studded fundraiser which took place at the Fillmore in the Jackie Gleason Theater in Miami Beach, Florida. The purpose of the event was to raise funds to build a family resource center. "My friends mean everything to me and I am happy to have the opportunity to share the stage with them to support this great cause" says Paulina. "All of them are excellent musicians and I know that as always, they’ll do their best to make this an unforgettable night." For his part, Jeff Simmons, community relations manager for The Lili Claire Foundation said, "I'm really surprised to see the number of artists who continue to join in on this great event, it's truly a blessing. Their contribution to the Paulina & Friends concert is spectacular and the Lili Claire Foundation will be forever grateful". Paulina & Friends will continue the celebration of musical performances where fans can join and live an unforgettable night to benefit The Lili Claire Foundation.

[edit] Spanish Cosmopolitan cover controversy

In October 2007, Rubio was in a government probe about whether or not she had desecrated Mexico's flag. The Spanish edition of Cosmopolitan featured her apparently naked underneath a red, white, and green sheet. The Mexican government said she may have violated an article in the National Flag, Shield and Anthem Law, which states that "private individuals will give the appropriate respect to the national symbol and handle it with care." The offense can be punished by fines ranging from $45,000 to $50,000 MXN (Mexican pesos) and jail time of up to 36 hours.^[47] However, in a published report, her mother, Susana Dosamantes, said that the artist did not authorize such photos.

Discography[link]

Timbiriche discography[link]

• 1982: Timbiriche
• 1982: La Banda Timbiriche
• 1983: En Concierto
• 1983: Disco Ruido
• 1983: Que No Acabe Navidad
• 1984: Timbiriche Vaselina
• 1985: Timbiriche Rock Show
• 1987: Timbiriche VII
• 1988: Timbiriche VIII - IX
• 1989: Los Clásicos De Timbiriche
• 1990: Timbiriche 10
• 1998: Timbiriche Clásico
• 1999: En Concierto 1999

• Paulina was part of Timbiriche only in these albums.

Tours[link]

• 2001: Paulina Tour
• 2002: Tour With Enrique Iglesias
• 2004–2005: Pau-Latina Tour
• 2007: Amor, Luz Y Sonido
• 2009–2010: Gran City Pop Tour
• 2012: Brava! World Tour

Filmography[link]

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Paulina Rubio

• List of Paulina Rubio awards
• Latin Pop

References[link]

External links[link]

• Paulina Rubio - Official Website
• Paulina Rubio - Official Fan Club
• Paulina Rubio Billboard Chart History
• Paulina Rubio at the Internet Movie Database