Juan Carlos Ferrero

Ferrero in June 2011.
Full name	Juan Carlos Ferrero Donat
Country	Spain
Residence	Villena, Spain
Born	(1980-02-12) 12 February 1980 (age 32) Ontinyent, Spain
Height	1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)
Weight	73 kg (160 lb; 11.5 st)
Turned pro	1998
Plays	Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
Career prize money	$13,842,063
Singles
Career record	475–255
Career titles	16
Highest ranking	No. 1 (8 September 2003)
Current ranking	No. 44 (21 May 2012)
Grand Slam Singles results
Australian Open	SF (2004)
French Open	W (2003)
Wimbledon	QF (2007, 2009)
US Open	F (2003)
Doubles
Career record	4–23
Career titles	0
Highest ranking	No. 198 (3 February 2003)
Grand Slam Doubles results
Australian Open	1R (2004, 2005)
French Open	–
Wimbledon	1R (2002, 2003)
US Open	1R (2006)
Last updated on: 26 April 2012.

Juan Carlos Ferrero Donat (born 12 February 1980) is a professional tennis player, and a former World No. 1 player, from Spain. He captured the men's singles title at the 2003 French Open, and in September of that year, became the 21st player to hold the World No. 1 ranking. He was also the runner-up at the 2002 French Open and the 2003 US Open. His nickname is "Mosquito" due to his speed and his slight physical build.

Personal life[link]

Ferrero began playing tennis at age seven with his father, Eduardo, who often travels with son. He has two sisters, Ana and Laura and admires the play of former No. 1 and two-time Roland Garros champion Jim Courier. Ferrero's inspiration has been his mother, Rosario, who died from cancer when he was 17. In July 2007, he bought an old cottage in Bocairente, 50 minutes south from Valencia and refurbished it into "Hotel Ferrero", which features 12 luxury suites^[1]. He is also a joint owner of the Valencia Open 500 tournament together with David Ferrer. His fitness trainer is Miguel Maeso, and he is coached by Antonio Martinez (since 1989) and Salvador Navarro (since May 2008), who travels with him most of the time.

Playing Style & Equipment[link]

Although Ferrero was known as one of the best clay-court players during his prime, he has distinguished himself as an all-court and all-round player through his solid performance on hard- and grass-court tournaments. He actually said during an interview that he prefers to play on hard courts. Tennis experts agreed that Ferrero's clay-court game translated well to the hard court due to his aggressive style of playing. He also has one of the greatest forehands in the game and immense speed on the court. He is sponsored by Joma for his attire and Prince Sports for his racquets. He currently plays with a Prince EXO3 Tour 100 Mid+ (16x18) racquet^[2] .

Career[link]

Early years[link]

Born in Onteniente, Ferrero came to prominence in 1998, making the final of the French Open Juniors, losing to Fernando González. He finished the year ranked the World No. 17 junior. He then made his professional debut in 1998 by reaching the finals of his first Futures tournament in Italy, losing to Miguel Pastura, 4–6, 5–7. He won two Futures events in Spain, defeating Gorka Fraile and Emilio Viuda-Hernandez in the respective finals. He ended the year ranked World No. 345.

1999[link]

In 1999, he made his first ATP main draw debut in Casablanca in 1999 and reached the semifinals, where he lost to Alberto Martín, 5–7, 4–6. He then won two more Challenger events in Naples and Maia, as well as making another final in Naples. As a result,Ferrero made his top 100 debut in June at No. 95^[3] . He made his Grand Slam debut at the 1999 US Open in August, losing to ninth seeded Greg Rusedski in the first round. The following month, in just his fifth professional event, he won his first career title in Majorca, Spain at the Majorca Open, defeating second seed Alex Corretja, 2–6, 7–5, 6–3, which propelled him from World No. 68 to 47. He ended the year at World No. 43 and won the ATP Newcomer of the year award.

2000[link]

In 2000, he made his Australian Open debut, making it to the third round, where he was defeated by Younes El Aynaoui in a tight five-setter, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 4–6. Shortly after, he reached the finals at the Dubai Tennis Championships and the Barcelona Open, where he lost to Nicolas Kiefer and Marat Safin, respectively. By doing so, Ferrero entered the top 20 for the first time at No. 18. His best performance of the year, however, was reaching the semifinals of his first French Open, where he lost to the eventual champion Gustavo Kuerten in five sets, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2, 4–6, 3–6. He reached the semifinals of Paris Masters, losing to eventual champion Marat Safin, 2–6, 2–6. He also helped Spain win the Davis Cup, winning all five of his matches. Although he did not win any titles in 2000, his significant performances in major tournaments helped him end the year ranked World No. 12^[4] .

2001-2003[link]

2001[link]

In 2001, Ferrero started the year at the Australian Open, losing in the second round to Australian Andrew Ilie. In the span of three months, Ferrero won four titles. His first was in Dubai defeating Marat Safin, 6–2, 3–1 RET, in the final. Then he won the Estoril Open in an all-Spanish final, defeating Félix Mantilla, 7–6, 4–6, 6–3. This placed him at No. 9 in the world, his top 10 debut. He then won Barcelona, defeating Carlos Moyá, 4–6, 7–5, 6–3, 3–6, 7–5. He also won his first Masters title at the 2001 Rome Masters, where he defeated Gustavo Kuerten, 3–6, 6–1, 2–6, 6–4, 6–2, his first win over a World No. 1. He reached the final of 2001 Hamburg Masters, losing to Albert Portas, 6–4, 2–6, 6–0, 6–7, 5–7, and in June reached the semifinals at the French Open for the second consecutive year, losing again to the No. 1 seed, defending champion, and eventual champion Gustavo Kuerten. Ferrero also reached the finals in Gstaad, losing to Jiří Novák, 6–1, 6–7, 7–5, and the semifinals of the 2001 Tennis Masters Cup, losing to eventual champion Lleyton Hewitt, 4–6, 3–6. He finished the year ranked World No. 5^[5].

2002[link]

In 2002, Ferrero missed the Australian Open due to bursitis in his right knee^[6]. He made a bad start to the year, having a record of 7 wins and 8 losses up until the Monte Carlo Masters, where he defeated Carlos Moyá in straight sets, 7–5, 6–3, 6–4, in the final to win the title. He was, however, unsuccessful in defending his Rome title, losing to Ivan Ljubičić in the second round. At the 2002 French Open, Ferrero reached his first Grand Slam final. Despite being the strong favourite, he lost to compatriot Albert Costa, 1–6, 0–6, 6–4, 3–6. His foot was injured during the tournament, and he played through, taking a lot of cortisone shots. He reached the finals at Kitzbühel, losing to Àlex Corretja, 4–6, 1–6, 3–6. He made it to the semifinals in the Cincinnati Masters, losing to eventual champion Carlos Moyá, 3–6, 4–6. He won his second title of the year in Hong Kong, avenging his lost to Carlos Moyá by beating him in the final, 6–3, 1–6, 7–6. As in the previuos year he reached the finals of the Tennis Masters Cup, losing once again to Lleyton Hewitt, 5–7, 5–7, 6–2, 6–2, 4–6. This result saw the Spaniard finish the year ranked World No. 4^[7] .

2003[link]

In 2003, Ferrero started the year by reaching the finals in Sydney, losing to Hyung-Taik Lee, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7. He went on to reach the quarter-finals of the 2003 Australian Open, losing to Wayne Ferreira, 6–7, 6–7, 1–6. He won his first title of the year at the Monte Carlo Masters, which he defended by defeating Guillermo Coria, 6–2, 6–2. In his next four tournaments, he reached the semi-finals in Barcelona, losing to Marat Safin, 4–6, 3–6, and the semifinals at the 2003 Rome Masters, losing to Roger Federer, 4–6, 2–4 RET. He also won the Valencia Open, defeating Christophe Rochus, 6–2, 6–4, without losing a set. He then won his first and only Grand Slam at the 2003 French Open, defeating surprise finalist Martin Verkerk, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2, in the final^[8]. He reached the 4th round of Wimbledon losing to Sébastien Grosjean 2–6, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7. At the 2003 US Open his good form at the Grand Slams continued, eliminating former World No. 1s and former US Open champions Lleyton Hewitt and Andre Agassi, before losing to Andy Roddick, 3–6, 6–7, 3–6, in the final. This result saw Ferrero take the No. 1 spot from Agassi^[9]. The year continued in Bangkok where he played for the first time as World No. 1, losing to Taylor Dent in the final, 3–6, 6–7. He took his next title at the Madrid Masters, his first hard-court Masters title, by defeating Nicolás Massú, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3, in the final. He was presented with the Spanish "National Sportsman of the Year" award from King Juan Carlos. Ferrero ended the year ranked World No. 3, behind Andy Roddick and Roger Federer.

2004–2008[link]

2004[link]

Injuries began to plague Ferrero throughout 2004, and his ranking and form dipped. Despite making the Australian Open semifinals early in the year (losing to Roger Federer), 4–6, 1–6, 4–6, and the finals of 2004 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament, losing to Lleyton Hewitt, 7–6, 5–7, 4–6, chicken pox kept him out for the entire month of March. After a first-round loss in Monte Carlo in April, he required another month out for rest and recuperation. On 8 May, Ferrero fell during a practice session, injuring his ribs and his right wrist and went into the defence of his French Open crown under-prepared. He lost in the second round to Igor Andreev and continued to struggle for the rest of the year, finishing outside the world's top 30 for the first time in five years.

2005[link]

Ferrero looked fresher and healthier in 2005 and began to climb back up towards the top echelons of the game. He reached the semifinals of the Monte Carlo Masters, losing to Guillermo Coria, 2–6, 5–7, and Beijing, losing to Rafael Nadal, 4–6, 4–6. He reached the final of the Open Seat Godo in Barcelona to Rafael Nadal, 1–6, 6–7, 3–6, in April, as well as the final of Vienna, where he lost to Ivan Ljubičić. 2–6, 4–6, 6–7. He ended 2005 ranked World No. 17.

Ferrero during the 2006 Australian Open.

2006[link]

In 2006, Ferrero's performance was mediocre, reaching just one semifinal in Buenos Aires, where he lost to Carlos Moyá, 6–3, 6–7, 4–6, and one final in Cincinnati. During the Masters event in Cincinnati, Ferrero notched his first top 10 win of 2006 with a 6–2, 6–4 win over US No. 1 and World No. 5 player James Blake. A few days later, Ferrero defeated World No. 2 Rafael Nadal, 7–6, 7–6, and subsequently World No. 7 Tommy Robredo, 6–3, 6–4, to move into the final of an ATP Masters Series event for the first time since 2003. In the final, Ferrero lost to Andy Roddick, 3-6, 4-6.^[10] He ended the year ranked No. 23.

2007[link]

In 2007, Ferrero had a bad start of the year with a first round loss at the Heineken Open and a second round loss at the Australian Open to Danai Udomchoke in four sets. Ferrero bounced back by reaching the final of the 2007 Brasil Open, where he lost to Guillermo Cañas, 6–7, 2–6. He reached the semifinals of the Abierto Mexicano TELCEL tournament in Acapulco, Mexico, where he lost to Carlos Moyà, 6–2, 2–6, 3–6. At the 2007 Indian Wells Masters he reached the fourth round losing to Rafael Nadal but fell early in the 2007 Miami Masters to Guillermo Cañas in the second round. He was able to reach the semifinals of the 2007 Monte Carlo Masters, losing to Roger Federer, 3–6, 4–6, and the semifinals in Vienna, where he lost to Stanislas Wawrinka, 5–7, 1–6. He then fell early in the 2007 Rome Masters and 2007 Hamburg Masters. He managed to reach the quarterfinals at Wimbledon, losing 6-7, 6-3, 1-6, 3-6 to Roger Federer. Ferrero could not reproduce his 2003 form at the 2007 French Open, losing in the third round to Mikhail Youzhny, 7-6, 6-7, 2-6, 2-6. He lost at the 2007 US Open to Feliciano López in the first round and ended the year ranked No. 24.

2008[link]

Ferrero started 2008 by reaching the final of the Heineken Open in Auckland, New Zealand and defeating David Nalbandian, 6–1, 6–2, 6–3 to advance to the fourth round of the Australian Open. After the Australian Open, Ferrero suffered early losses to Nicolas Mahut at the Open 13 in Marseille and at the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament in Rotterdam to Teymuraz Gabashvili. Following these two losses, Ferrero lost to Andy Roddick in Dubai, 6–2, 6–4. He made a fourth-round appearance at the Indian Wells Masters, where Nalbandian defeated him, 2-6, 2-6. At the Miami Masters, Ferrero lost to Tomáš Berdych in the third round. He lost to Marat Safin in three sets at the Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana in the first round. At the Monte Carlo Masters, showings still were mediocre for the Spaniard, as he lost to Rafael Nadal, 4-6, 1-6.

In contrast, Ferrero displayed excellent form at the 2008 Rome Masters, beating Nicolas Kiefer, 6–7, 6–3, 6–4, and then stunning World No. 2 Rafael Nadal. Ferrero had lost at Monte Carlo to Nadal two weeks earlier, and Nadal had won 17 successive matches on the Roman clay tennis courts. However, Ferrero triumphed over him, 7–5, 6–1^[11][12]. Joy was short-lived as he lost to Stanislas Wawrinka in the following round, 4–6, 3–6. He then competed in the 2008 French Open, retiring in the first round due to a leg injury against Marcos Daniel after winning the first set, 7–6, 2–2 RET. In June he competed at Wimbledon, retiring in the second round against Mischa Zverev, 4–6, 4–6, 1–2 RET, due to a hamstring injury^[13]. He missed the next three months with a shoulder injury and returned with a quarterfinal appearance at the 2008 China Open, losing to eventual champion Andy Roddick. His next tournaments were in Vienna, a second-round loss to Jürgen Melzer, and a quarterfinals appearance at Lyon, losing to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. He ended the year ranked No. 55, his lowest year-end ranking since 1998.

2009[link]

Ferrero during the 2009 US Open

Ferrero started the year with early losses in the Brisbane International, the Heineken Open, and the 2009 Australian Open which made him drop out of the top 100 at No. 101 for the first time in almost 10 years. He, however, reached the quarterfinals of the Brasil Open, losing to Thomaz Bellucci, 6–7, 6–1, 3–6, and of the Copa Telmex, losing to David Nalbandian, 3–6, 0–3 RET.

In March, Ferrero captured his first singles title since 2003 by defeating fifth-seeded Florent Serra, 6–4, 7–5, in the final of the Grand Prix Hassan II in Casablanca, Morocco.^[14] He, however, followed up with early losses in rest of the clay-court season. He lost in first round of the Barcelona Open, failed to qualify for the Rome Masters, and suffered second-round losses in the Estoril Open, Madrid Open, and the 2009 French Open.

Perhaps surprisingly, Ferrero's resurgence came on the grass courts, as he reached the semifinals of the Queen's Club Championships, losing to Andy Murray, 2–6, 4–6, and the quarterfinals at Wimbledon, defeating tenth seed Fernando González in the third round, 4–6, 7–5, 6–4, 4–6, 6–4, in a match lasting about 3 hours, and seventh seed Gilles Simon in the fourth round, 7–6, 6–3, 6–2, before losing to Andy Murray, 5–7, 3–6, 2–6. These performances saw him climb from No. 90 to No. 37 in a month. He then reached the finals of the Umag Open, losing to Nikolay Davydenko, 3–6, 0–6. At the Legg Mason Tennis Classic, Ferrero advanced to the third round, before losing to Tommy Haas, 5-7, 6-2, 1-6,^[15] after beating Tommy Robredo, 6–3, 6–2.

In August he competed at the Rogers Cup, where he needed to qualify for the main draw despite his high ranking. He defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the first round, 6–1, 6–4, ending Hewitt's three-match winning streak against him. He then defeated 13th seed Gaël Monfils, 6–3, 7–6^[16] in the pair's first meeting, before losing to Andy Murray once again, 1-6, 3-6. He lost in the first round of the Cincinnati Masters to Marin Čilić, 3-6, 4-6. At the US Open, he defeated Fabrice Santoro in the first round in Santoro's last US Open match. In the second round against Philipp Petzschner, Ferrero mounted a remarkable comeback from two sets down for the third time in his career to win 1–6, 3–6, 6–4, 6–2, 6–4. He went on to defeat No. 9 seed Gilles Simon, 1–6, 6–4, 7–6, 1–0 ret, but lost in the fourth round to Juan Martín del Potro. Ferrero climbed impressively into the top 20, having been ranked No. 115 just 5 months before. In his first tournament after the US Open at the China Open, he lost to Fernando Verdasco, 5-7 4-6, in the second round, after defeating Nicolás Almagro, 7–5, 7–6. He competed in the Shanghai Masters, where he missed being seeded by one ranking position. He was crushed in the first round by 13th seed Radek Štěpánek, 6–3 6–0, winning only 7 points in the second set. He also lost in the first round of the Stockholm Open to Marcos Baghdatis, 4-6, 2-6. He then competed in the Valencia Open but made an early exit to Pablo Cuevas in a three-set battle, 6-2, 6-7, 3-6, after serving for the set at 5–3 in the second set. He ended the year at No. 23, which was 32 spots higher than the previous year and won his first title in 6 years.

2010[link]

Ferrero had a bad start to the 2010 season. Ferrero began the year at the Heineken Open in Auckland, New Zealand, where he retired with an injury trailing 1–3 in the second round, after receiving a first round bye. At the Australian Open, he lost to Ivan Dodig, after being two sets to love up and seemingly cruising to victory. His mind slipped mid-match and he got crushed during the last three sets of the match, 6–2, 6–1, 4–6, 1–6, 1–6.

Ferrero then competed in the Brasil Open as the no. 1 seed. He earned his first win of the season against Eduardo Schwank, 7–6, 6–3. In the following round he defeated Nicolás Massú, 6–2, 5–7, 6–2 (despite failing to serve out the match 5–4 in the second set), Carlos Berlocq, 6–3, 6–2, in the quarterfinals, and Ricardo Mello, 6–4, 6–2, in the semifinals. In the final, he crushed Łukasz Kubot, 6–1, 6–0, in 61 minutes, conceding one of his services games but in turn, breaking all of his opponent's service games.^[17]

At the Copa Telmex, seeded No. 2, he won against top seed David Ferrer in the final, 5–7, 6–4, 6–3, after defeating Juan Mónaco in the semifinals, 6–2, 7–6. This was his second title in a row and extended his winning streak to 10. The tournament victory also raised his ranking to World No. 16.

At the Abierto Mexicano in Acapulco, he had comfortable victories over qualifier Diego Junqueira, 6–2, 6–3, and Igor Andreev, 6–4, 6–3. Carrying on his fiery form, he defeated defending champion Nicolás Almagro, 6–1, 5–7, 6–2, in the quarterfinals, not facing any break points in the first and third sets and being broken only once. He defeated Juan Mónaco in the semifinals, when the Argentinian retired with an abdominal strain after losing the first set 7–5. Ferrero faced David Ferrer in his third straight final and lost, 3–6, 6–3, 1–6. Both players admitted that Ferrero's fatigue played a major role in the final set^[18]. This ended his 14-match winning streak. Despite the loss, he rose to No. 14 in the world, the first time he was ranked that high since 11 October 2004, when he was ranked 13th.

He defeated Daniel Köllerer, 6–3, 6–0, in the second round of Indian Wells, earning his first hard-court victory of the season, losing only eight points on serve. He then faced Juan Mónaco in the third round, their third meeting in a row, with Ferrero prevailing in the other two. He was upset, 7–6, 3–6, 6–3, in a match that lasted over three hours. At the Miami Masters, he made the round of 16, losing to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, 2-6, 2-6, after defeating John Isner, 6–2, 3–6, 6–3, and Daniel Köllerer, 4–0 RET.

At the Monte Carlo Masters, he defeated Marcel Granollers, 6–0, 6–3, and Benjamin Becker, 6–3, 6–4. After defeating the German, Ferrero upset Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, 6–1, 3–6, 7–5, earning his first victory over the Frenchman. He, however, lost to Rafael Nadal, 4-6, 2-6, in the quarterfinals. At the Barcelona Open, Ferrero was upset by Dutchman Thiemo de Bakker in the third round, due to not playing well in the tie-breaks, 6-7, 6-3, 6-7.

At the Rome Masters, his form worsened as he surprisingly slumped to a 0–6, 3–6 loss to qualifier Santiago Giraldo in the first round.

Ferrero went into the French Open seeded 16th and tipped by some to make a good run in the tournament. He defeated Pablo Cuevas of Uruguay in the first round, 6–4, 6–3, 6–1. He then met fellow Spaniard Pere Riba in the second round, winning in four sets, 7–6, 6–7, 6–2, 6–2. However, he was upset in the third round by unseeded American Robby Ginepri. After coming back from a two-set deficit and being a break of serve up in the decider, Ferrero lost in the fifth set with a final score of 7–5, 6–3, 3–6, 2–6, 6–4. He may have been seen to have underachieved in the tournament but did improve on his previous year's performance and did therefore increase his ranking points. At the Gerry Weber Open grass tournament his form continued to go down as he lost to Lucky Loser Dominik Meffert in the first round, 3-6, 5-7. His bad form continued, as he lost to Xavier Malisse in five sets in the first round of Wimbledon. He was now 9 wins–8 losses since his good run at the South American clay season.

Next stop on his tour was the MercedesCup in Stuttgart, losing to Albert Montañés for the first time in six meetings in the semifinals, 3-6, 6-7, despite having two set points in the second set tiebreak. At the German Open in Hamburg, Ferrero defeated Jan Hájek and Jarkko Nieminen, before being upset by Florian Mayer, 7-6, 2-6, 3-6, for the first time in five meetings. At the Umag Open, Ferrero won his third title of the year, at first struggling against Pablo Cuevas, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4, but cruising through against Alexandr Dolgopolov, Andreas Seppi, and Potito Starace in the final. He then the Rogers Cup and Cincinnati Masters due to a knee injury. He returned at the US Open, where he defeated Martin Kližan and Ricardo Mello in straight sets, but lost to Jürgen Melzer in the third round. He missed the rest of the season due to knee and wrist injuries for which he was operated in October^[19].

2011[link]

Ferrero withdrew from the Heineken Open and Australian Open. As the defending champion, he withdrew from the Brasil Open and Copa Claro. He also withdrew from the Abierto Mexicano, Indian Wells, Miami Masters, and Monte Carlo Masters as the recovery from his wrist and knee surgery took longer than expected.

He made his return at the Barcelona Open, where he defeated Xavier Malisse, 6–4, 6–1, Mischa Zverev, 6–4, 7–5, and Simone Vagnozzi, 7–6, 4–6, 6–4, but lost in the quarterfinals to Nicolás Almagro, 3-6, 3-6. His next tournament was the Madrid Open, where he lost in the first round to Dutchman Thiemo de Bakker, 6-2, 5-7, 4-6, after which he indicated that the end of tennis career might be near^[20]. He missed the Rome Masters, French Open, and Wimbledon due to same injury. His ranking dropped to No. 85.

He returned to competition at the MercedesCup in Stuttgart. There, he defeated Bastian Knittel, Mikhail Youzhny, Marcel Granollers, Federico Delbonis and in the final countryman Pablo Andujar, 6–4, 6–0, to capture the Stuttgart title. Right after this win he went to the German Open Hamburg, where he lost in the first round to Cedrik-Marcel Stebe, 3-6, 2-6. As the defending champion, he reached the semifinals of the Croatia Open losing to eventual champion Alexandr Dolgopolov 4-6, 4-6. At the Rogers Cup, he lost to Ernests Gulbis, 6-3, 1-6, 5-7 and at the Cincinnati Masters to Feliciano Lopez 6-4, 3-6, 4-6 both in the first round.

Ferrero's next tournament was the US Open, where he defeated Pablo Andujar in the first round, 1–6, 7–5, 5–7, 6–1, 6–3. In the second round, he defeated Frenchman Gael Monfils in an electrifying five-set match, 7–6, 5–7, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4. His next opponent was Spain's Marcel Granollers, who retired in the second set; at the time of Granollers' retirement, Ferrero led the match 6–1, 4–3. In the fourth round, Ferrero lost to Janko Tipsarevic, 5-7, 7-6, 5-7, 2-6. His next tournament was the 2011 China Open, where he lost in the quarterfinals to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. He then played at the Shanghai Masters reaching the third round, falling to good friend David Ferrer 6-1, 5-7, 2-6 after having wasted three match points in the second set. His next tour stop was the Valencia Open, where he lost in the quarterfinals to Argentine player Juan Monaco 3-6, 3-6. The final tournament of the year was the Paris Masters, where he lost in the first round to Frenchman Nicolas Mahut 2-6, 3-6.

2012[link]

Ferrero began his 2012 season with a 3-6, 2-6 loss to Frenchmen Benoit Paire in Sydney. His next tournament was the Australian Open, where made an early exit in the first round to Serbian Viktor Troicki after a hard-fought five-set match, 4-6, 6-7, 6-2, 7-6, 6-2 in which he failed to convert a match point in the fourth set. After the match, Ferrero was fined $1,500 by the organization of the Australian Open for "audible obscenities" during the match^[21] . Ferrero represented Spain in the Davis Cup vs. Kazakhstan defeating Mikhail Kukushkin in five sets in the first tie. He then played a disappointing Golden Swing in Latin America losing three times in his opening matches. As 6th seed, he lost to Leonardo Mayer in the first round 7-6, 6-2 at the Brasil Open. At the Copa Claro in Buenos Aires he lost to 4th seed Kei Nishikori 7-5, 3-6, 6-2. For last, at the Abierto Mexicano Telcel, he lost in first round to Stanislas Wawrinka 2-6, 6-3, 6-4. He then missed 3 months due to a wrist injury. Ferrero returned at the 2012 Mutua Madrid Open losing in the first round to qualifier Igor Andreev 6-4, 7-6. His next tournament was the 2012 Internazionali BNL d'Italia. In the first round, Ferrero beat Kevin Anderson 6-4, 7-5; recording his 2nd win in the year. In the second round, he beat Frenchman and 13th seed Gael Monfils 7-5, 6-3. However, in the third round, he fell to Roger Federer in 3 sets: 6-2, 5-7, 6-1. After Rome, Ferrero played at 2012 Open de Nice Côte d’Azur. In the first round, he beat Dutch Robin Haase after saving a match point: 4-6, 7-6, 7-6. In the second round, he fell to Brazilian qualifying Thomaz Bellucci in straight sets: 6-4, 6-3. Ferrero's next tournament will be Roland Garros.

Davis Cup[link]

Ferrero made his Davis Cup debut for Spain in the quarterfinals match-up against Russia in 2000 and won both his matches against Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Marat Safin in straight sets. He played in the semifinals, this time against the American Vince Spadea, and won in three sets, 4–6, 6–1, 6–4. His impressive Davis Cup form continued when he defeated Australians Patrick Rafter and Lleyton Hewitt in Barcelona, enabling Spain to capture the Davis Cup for the first time. In 2001, Spain fell to the Netherlands, and Ferrero lost his first match against Raemon Sluiter, losing two tie-breakers and winning one. He, however, made up for this loss when Spain competed in the qualifying rounds for the Davis Cup World Group by defeating Oleg Ogorodov of Uzbekistan in straight sets.

Ferrero continued to be a key Davis Cup player in subsequent years. In both 2003 and 2004, Ferrero contributed to Spain's successive progress to the Davis Cup final.^[22] In 2004, Spain won the Davis Cup for the second time. In 2009, Ferrero won the fifth and decisive rubber against Andreas Beck of Germany, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4, in the Davis Cup quarterfinals,^[23] putting Spain through to the semifinal. In the semifinal Ferrero won the second rubber against Israel, 6–4, 6–2, 6–0,^[24] putting Spain on track to win the Davis Cup for the second consecutive year, the first nation to do so since Sweden in 1998^[22]. As Nadal returned from injury to play the final for Spain, Ferrero was not selected to Spain's final team. He attended all the live rubbers to support his teammates during the first two days of the Davis Cup final as a reserve player. He was not included in the 2009 Davis Cup presentation ceremony and celebrations on the final day.^[25]

Career statistics[link]

See also[link]

• List of ATP number 1 ranked singles players
• List of Grand Slam men's singles champions

References[link]

External links[link]

Tennis portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Juan Carlos Ferrero

• Official site (Spanish)
• Juan Carlos Ferrero at the Association of Tennis Professionals
• Juan Carlos Ferrero at the Davis Cup
• Juan Carlos Ferrero at the International Tennis Federation

Juan Carlos Ferrero (Achievement predecessor & successor) Sporting positions Preceded by Andre Agassi World No. 1 8 September 2003 - 2 November 2003 Succeeded by Andy Roddick Awards and achievements Preceded by Marat Safin ATP Newcomer of the Year 1999 Succeeded by Olivier Rochus

v t e Association of Tennis Professionals: Top ten Spanish male singles tennis players as of May 14, 2011 Rafael Nadal (3 ) David Ferrer (5 ) Nicolás Almagro (12 ) Feliciano López (15 ) Fernando Verdasco (19 1) Marcel Granollers (26 2) Pablo Andujar (39 1) Juan Carlos Ferrero (49 ) Albert Ramos (54 2) Albert Montañés (63 1)

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2011)

Juan Carlos I King Don Juan Carlos I at age 71, 2009 King of Spain (more) Reign 22 November 1975 – present Anointment 27 November 1975 Predecessor Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel (interim Head of State) Alfonso XIII (as King of Spain) Heir apparent Felipe, Prince of Asturias Prime Ministers See list Carlos Arias-Navarro Fernando de Santiago y Díaz Adolfo Suárez Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo Felipe González José María Aznar José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero Mariano Rajoy Consort Sophia of Greece and Denmark Detail Issue Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo Infanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de Mallorca Felipe, Prince of Asturias Full name Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias House House of Bourbon[1][2] Father Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona Mother Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies Born (1938-01-05) 5 January 1938 (age 74) Rome, Italy Signature

Spanish Royal Family HM The King HM The Queen HRH The Prince of Asturias HRH The Princess of Asturias HRH Infanta Leonor HRH Infanta Sofía HRH The Duchess of Lugo HE Don Felipe HE Doña Victoria HRH The Duchess of Palma de Mallorca HE The Duke of Palma de Mallorca HE Don Juan Valentín HE Don Pablo Nicolás HE Don Miguel HE Doña Irene Extended royal family HRH The Duchess of Badajoz HRH The Duchess of Soria HE The Duke of Soria HRH The Dowager Duchess of Calabria HRH The Duke of Calabria HRH The Duchess of Calabria v t e

Royal styles of King Juan Carlos Reference style His Majesty Spoken style Your Majesty Alternative style Sire

Juan Carlos I (Spanish pronunciation: [xwaŋˈkarlos]; born 5 January 1938) is the reigning King of Spain. On 22 November 1975, two days after General Franco's death, Juan Carlos was designated King according to the law of succession promulgated by Franco. In 1969, when Franco named Juan Carlos as the next head of state, Spain had had no monarch for 38 years.^[3] The Spanish Constitution of 1978, voted in referendum, acknowledges him expressly as King of Spain. The Spanish Constitution, Title II: the Crown, Article 56, Subsection 1, affirms the role of the Spanish monarch as the personification and embodiment of the Spanish nation, a symbol of Spain's enduring unity and permanence; and as such, the monarch is the head-of-state and commander-in-chief of the Spanish Armed Forces in a system known in Spanish as monarquía parlamentaria (constitutional monarchy).^[4][5]

King Juan Carlos successfully oversaw the transition of Spain from dictatorship to parliamentary monarchy.

Juan Carlos married Sophia of Greece and Denmark on 14 May 1962. The couple have three children and eight grandchildren.

Polls from 2000 show that he is widely approved of by Spaniards.^[6] According to the Spanish Constitution, the monarch is also instrumental in promoting Ibero-American relations, the "nations of its historical community".^[4][5] In this capacity, the King of Spain serves as the president of the Ibero-American States Organization, representing over 700,000,000 people in 24 member nations worldwide. In 2008 he was considered the most popular leader in all Ibero-America.^[7]

In other languages of Spain, the name of the King Juan Carlos I is adapted as:

• Catalan/Valencian Joan Carles I (IPA: [ʒuˈaŋ ˈkarɫəs] or [(d)ʒuˈaŋ ˈkaɾles]).
• Galician Xoán Carlos I (IPA: [ʃoˈaŋ ˈkaɾlos]).
• Basque Joan Karlos Ia (IPA: [joan karlos]).

Early life[link]

Juan Carlos was born to the Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, and the Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies in Rome, Italy, where his grandfather, King Alfonso XIII, and other members of the Spanish royal family had settled following the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931. He was baptized as Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias.^{[note 1]} His early life was dictated largely by the political concerns of his father and General Franco. He moved to Spain in 1948 to be educated there after his father persuaded Franco to allow it. He began his studies in San Sebastián and finished them in 1954 at the San Isidro Institute in Madrid. He then joined the army, doing his officer training from 1955 to 1957 at the Military Academy of Zaragoza.

Juan Carlos has two sisters: Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz (born 1936) and Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria (born 1939). He also had a younger brother, Alfonso.

Alfonso's death[link]

In March 1956, Juan Carlos's younger brother Alfonso died in a gun accident at the family's home Villa Giralda in Estoril, Portugal. The Spanish Embassy in Portugal issued an official communiqué:^[8]

Whilst His Highness Prince Alfonso was cleaning a revolver last evening with his brother, a shot was fired hitting his forehead and killing him in a few minutes. The accident took place at 20.30 hours, after the Infante's return from the Maundy Thursday religious service, during which he had received holy communion.

Very quickly, however, rumours appeared in newspapers that the gun had actually been held by Juan Carlos at the moment the shot was fired. Josefina Carolo, dressmaker to Juan Carlos's mother, said that Juan Carlos pointed the pistol at Alfonso and pulled the trigger, unaware that the pistol was loaded. Bernardo Arnoso, a Portuguese friend of Juan Carlos, also said that Juan Carlos fired the pistol not knowing that it was loaded, and adding that the bullet ricocheted off a wall hitting Alfonso in the face. Helena Matheopoulos, a Greek author who spoke with Juan Carlos's sister Pilar, said that Alfonso had been out of the room and when he returned and pushed the door open, the door knocked Juan Carlos in the arm causing him to fire the pistol.^[9]

Education[link]

In 1957 Juan Carlos spent a year in the naval school at Marin, Pontevedra, and another in the Air Force school in San Javier in Murcia. In 1960–1 he studied Law, International Political Economy and Public Finance at Complutense University.^[10] He then went to live in the Palace of Zarzuela, and began carrying out official engagements.

Prince of Spain, 1969–1975[link]

The dictatorial regime of Francisco Franco had come to power during the Spanish Civil War, which had pitted democrats, anarchists, socialists, and communists, supported in part by the Soviet Union and by international volunteers, against conservatives, monarchists, nationalists, and fascists, supported by both Hitler and Mussolini, with the latter group ultimately emerging successful with the support of neighbouring Portugal and the major European Axis powers of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Despite his alliance with monarchists, Franco was not eager to restore the deposed Spanish monarchy once in power, preferring to head a regime with himself as head of state for life. Though Franco's partisan supporters generally accepted this arrangement for the present, much debate quickly ensued over who would replace Franco upon his death. The far right factions demanded the return of a hardline absolute monarchy, and eventually Franco agreed that his successor would be a monarch. Franco had no intention of restoring the constitutional form of monarchy known during the 19th century or the republican form of government created by the Spanish Constitution of 1931.

The heir to the throne of Spain was Juan de Borbón (Count of Barcelona), the son of the late Alfonso XIII. However, General Franco viewed the heir with extreme suspicion, believing him to be a liberal who was opposed to his regime. Franco then considered giving the Spanish throne to Juan Carlos's cousin Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz. Alfonso was known to be an ardent Francoist and would marry Franco's granddaughter, Doña María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco in 1972.

Ultimately, Franco decided to skip a generation and name Juan de Borbón's son, Prince Juan Carlos, as his personal successor. Franco hoped the young prince could be groomed to take over the nation while still maintaining the ultraconservative nature of his regime. In 1969, Juan Carlos was officially designated heir-apparent and was given the new title of Prince of Spain (not the traditional Prince of Asturias). As a condition of being named heir-apparent, he had to swear loyalty to Franco's Movimiento Nacional, which he did with little outward hesitation.

Prince Juan Carlos met and consulted Franco many times while heir apparent and often took part in official and ceremonial state functions standing alongside the dictator, much to the anger of hardline republicans and more moderate liberals, who had hoped that Franco's death would bring in an era of reform. During 1969–1975, Juan Carlos publicly supported Franco's regime. Although Franco's health worsened during those years, whenever he did appear in public, from state dinners to military parades, it was in Juan Carlos's company as he continued to praise Franco and his government for the economic growth and positive changes in Spain. However, as the years progressed, Juan Carlos began meeting secretly with political opposition leaders and exiles, who were fighting to bring liberal reform to the country. He also had secret conversations with his father over the telephone. Franco, for his part, remained largely oblivious to the prince's actions and denied allegations from his ministers and advisors that Juan Carlos was in any way disloyal to his vision of the regime.

During periods of Franco's temporary incapacity in 1974 and 1975 Juan Carlos was acting head of state. Near death, on 30 October 1975, Franco gave full control to Juan Carlos. On 22 November, following Franco's death, the Cortes Generales proclaimed Juan Carlos King of Spain and on 27 November, Juan Carlos was anointed king in a ceremony called Holy Spirit Mass, which was the equivalent of a coronation, at the Jerónimos Church in Madrid. He opted not to call himself John III or Charles V, but Juan Carlos I.

Restoration of the monarchy[link]

Royal trips of King Juan Carlos I from 1975 until today.

Juan Carlos quickly instituted reforms, to the great displeasure of Falangist and conservative (monarchist) elements, especially in the military, who had expected him to maintain the authoritarian state. He appointed Adolfo Suárez, a former leader of the Movimiento Nacional, as Prime Minister of Spain.

On 20 May 1977, the leader of the only recently legalized Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Felipe González, accompanied by Javier Solana, visited Juan Carlos in the Zarzuela Palace. The event represented a key endorsement of the monarchy from Spain's political left, who had been historically republican. Left-wing support for the monarchy grew when the Communist Party of Spain was legalized shortly thereafter, a move Juan Carlos had pressed for, despite enormous right-wing military opposition at that time, during the Cold War.

On 15 June 1977, Spain held its first post-Franco democratic elections. In 1978, a new Constitution was promulgated that acknowledged Juan Carlos as rightful heir of the Spanish dynasty and King; specifically, Title II, Section 57 asserted Juan Carlos' right to the throne of Spain by dynastic succession in the Borbón tradition, as "the legitimate heir of the historic dynasty" rather than as the designated successor of Franco.^[4][11] The Constitution was passed by the democratically elected Constituent Cortes, ratified by the people in a referendum (6 December) and then signed into law by the King before a solemn meeting of the Cortes.

Further legitimacy had been restored to Juan Carlos' position on 14 May 1977, when his father, Don Juan (whom many monarchists had recognized as the legitimate, exiled King of Spain during the Franco era), formally renounced his claim to the Throne and recognized his son as the sole head of the Spanish Royal House, transferring to him the historical heritage of the Spanish monarchy, thus making Juan Carlos both the de facto and the de jure (rightful) King in the eyes of the traditional monarchists. Juan Carlos, who had already been King since Franco's death, gave an acceptance address after his father's resignation speech and thanked him by confirming the title of Count of Barcelona that Don Juan had assumed in exile. It was a sovereign title associated to the crown.

An attempted military coup, known as 23-F, occurred on 23 February 1981, when the Cortes were seized by members of the Guardia Civil in the parliamentary chamber. Believed to be a major factor in foiling the coup was the public television broadcast by the king, calling for unambiguous support for the legitimate democratic government. Certainly, in the hours before his speech, he had personally called many senior military figures to tell them that he was opposed to the coup and that they had to defend the democratic government.

When Juan Carlos became king, Communist leader Santiago Carrillo nicknamed him Juan Carlos the Brief, predicting that the monarchy would soon be swept away with the other remnants of the Franco era. After the collapse of the attempted coup mentioned above, however, in an emotional statement, Carrillo told television viewers: "God save the king." The Communist leader also remarked: "Today, we are all monarchists." If public support for the monarchy among democrats and leftists before 1981 had been limited, following the king's handling of the coup, it became significantly greater. According to a poll in the newspaper El Mundo in November 2005, 77.5% of Spaniards thought Juan Carlos was "good or very good", 15.4% "not so good", and only 7.1% "bad or very bad". Even so, the issue of the monarchy re-emerged on 28 September 2007 as photos of the king were burnt in public in Catalonia by small groups of protesters wanting the restoration of the Republic.^[12]

In July 2000, Juan Carlos was the target of an enraged protester when Juan María Fernández y Krohn,^[13] who had previously tried to take the life of Pope John Paul II, began shouting "Murderer! Murderer!" at the king and then approached him in a very threatening manner.

Role in contemporary Spanish politics[link]

The election of socialist leader Felipe González to the Spanish prime ministership in 1982 marked the effective end of the King's active involvement in Spanish politics. González would govern for over a decade, and his administration helped consolidate the democratic gains and thus maintained the stability of the nation. While the king is generally reckoned as having a merely ceremonial role in politics, he commands great moral authority as an essential symbol of the country's unity.

5000 Spanish peseta note with image of King Juan Carlos.

Under the constitution, the King has immunity from prosecution in matters relating to his official duties. This is so because every act of the King as such (and not as a citizen) needs to be undersigned by a government official, thus making the undersigner responsible instead of the king. The honour of the Royal Family is specially protected from offences by the Spanish Penal Code. Under this protection, Basque independentist Arnaldo Otegi^[14] and cartoonists from El Jueves were tried and punished.

The King gives an annual speech to the nation on Christmas Eve. He is the commander-in-chief of the Spanish armed forces.

When the media asked Juan Carlos in 2005 if he would endorse the bill legalising gay marriage that was then being debated in the Cortes Generales, he answered "Soy el Rey de España y no el de Bélgica" ("I am the King of Spain, not of Belgium") – a reference to King Baudouin I of Belgium, who refused to sign the Belgian law legalising abortion.^[15] The King gave his Royal Assent to Law 13/2005 on 1 July 2005; the law legalising gay marriage was gazetted in the Boletín Oficial del Estado on 2 July, and came into effect on 3 July.^[16]

The King (left of centre, in grey suit) standing with the leaders of all the other Iberoamerican Nations present at the XVIII Ibero-American Summit.

In November 2007 at the Ibero-American Summit in Santiago de Chile, during a heated exchange, Juan Carlos interrupted Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez and asked him, "¿Por qué no te callas?" ("Why don't you shut up?" using the familiar "tu" you form to underline the disdain). Chávez had been interrupting the Spanish Prime Minister, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, while the latter was defending his predecessor and political opponent, José María Aznar, after Chávez had referred to Aznar as a fascist and "less human than snakes". The King shortly afterwards left the hall when President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua accused Spain of intervention in his country's elections and complained about some Spanish energy companies working in Nicaragua.^[17] This was an unprecedented diplomatic incident and a rare display of public anger by the King.^[18]

In April 2012, Juan Carlos faced criticism for going on an elephant hunting trip in Botswana.^[19][20][21] Cayo Lara Moya of the United Left party said the king's trip "demonstrated a lack of ethics and respect toward many people in this country who are suffering a lot"^[21] while Tomas Gomez of the Socialist party said Juan Carlos should choose between "public responsibilities or an abdication".^[22] In April 2012, Spain's unemployment was at 23 percent and nearly 50 percent for young workers.^[23] El País estimated the total cost of a hunting trip at 44,000 euros (USD 57,850), about twice the average annual salary in Spain.^[23] A petition called for the king to resign from his position as honorary president of the Spanish branch of the World Wide Fund for Nature.^[22] The WWF itself responded by asking for an interview with the King to resolve the situation. ^[24]

Family and private life[link]

Juan Carlos was married in Athens at the Church of Saint Dennis on 14 May 1962, to HRH Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark, daughter of King Paul. She was Greek Orthodox but converted to Roman Catholicism in order to become Spain's queen. Also in 1962, a Roman Catholic wedding was performed in the Pauline Chapel the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome.

King Juan Carlos, Queen Sofía and the former Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero at the XV Ibero-American Summit (Salamanca, 2005).

They have two daughters and a son.

• Infanta Elena María Isabel Dominica
• Infanta Cristina Federica Victoria Antonia
• Felipe Juan Pablo Alfonso, Prince of Asturias

In 1972, Juan Carlos, a keen sailor, competed in the Dragon class event at the Olympic Games, finishing 15th. In their summer holidays, the whole family meets in Marivent Palace (Palma de Mallorca) and the Fortuna yacht, where they take part in sailing competitions. The king has manned the Bribón series of yachts. In winter, they usually go skiing in Baqueira-Beret and Candanchú (Pyrenees), where the king has occasionally ended with a broken leg.

Juan Carlos also enjoys bear hunting. In October 2004, he angered environmental activists by killing nine bears (of which one was a pregnant female) in central Romania.^[25] In August 2006, it is alleged that Juan Carlos shot a drunken tame bear (Mitrofan the Bear) during a private hunting trip to Russia. The Office of the Spanish Monarchy denies this claim, which was made by the Russian regional authorities.^[26]

Juan Carlos and Sophia are fluent in several languages. They both speak Spanish, English, and French. The king also speaks fluent Italian and Catalan. Unlike the queen, Juan Carlos does not speak any German, nor her native language, Greek, a fact he regrets.

Juan Carlos is an amateur radio operator and holds the call sign EA0JC. His fondness of incognito motorbike riding has raised urban legends of people finding him on lonely roads. For example, one story says that a biker out of petrol stranded on a hot sunny day was assisted by a fellow motorcyclist, who returned with a small container of petrol. The good-Samaritan, on removing his helmet, turned out to be Juan Carlos.

Juan Carlos is member of the World Scout Foundation.^[27]

His net worth is only valued at $5 million, but the Royal Family have a net worth over $1.7 billion (December 2011).^[28][29]

Juan Carlos has participated on more than one occasion in the hunting of elephants in Botswana. The cost of a licence to shoot an elephant is approximately $15 thousand at auction.^[30]

Health[link]

A benign tumour was removed from King Juan Carlos’ lung in an operation carried out in the "Hospital Clínic" of Barcelona on Saturday 8 May 2010. The 72-year-old Monarch was expected to be allowed home in three or four days, and able to renew full physical activity in a fortnight. The operation came as a result of the King’s latest annual check-up, and doctors said the procedure went well and Juan Carlos would not need any further follow-up treatment. At a press convention the operating team said that the 17-19mm tumour which had been removed under a general anaesthetic from the right lung contained no malignant cells. ‘This is good news’, said doctor Laureano Molins, who had directed the operation.

In April 2012 King Juan Carlos had to undergo surgery at the San Jose Hospital, Madrid, following a fall on a private elephant-hunting trip to Botswana. He suffered a triple fracture of the hip.^[31]

Budget of the royal house[link]

In the wake of the Urdangarin affair (the husband of his daughter is accused of corruption), the King decided in 2011 to detail the yearly royal budget of 8.3 millions euros for the first time.^[32][33] However, some spending such as the electricity bill are not included in the 8.3 budget since they are paid by the State.^[32]

Controversy[link]

In April 2012, the Spanish paper El Mundo Deportivo broke the news of King Juan Carlos's expensive elephant hunting holiday to Botswana. It was further declared by Spanish officials that the expenses of the trip were not paid by taxpayers or by the palace, but by Mohamed Eyad Kayali, a businessman of Syrian origin who is seen as a representative in Spain of Salman bin Abdulaziz, the defence minister of Saudi Arabia. Salman bin Abdulaziz is said to be a key player in a contract with a Spanish consortium in July 2011 to consruct a high-speed “pilgrim train” line between the holy Muslim cities of Mecca and Medina.^[34]

Titles, styles, honours and arms[link]

Titles[link]

The current Spanish constitution refers to the monarchy as "the Crown of Spain" and the constitutional title of the monarch is simply Rey/Reina de España: that is, "king/queen of Spain". However, the constitution allows for the use of other historic titles pertaining to the Spanish monarchy, without specifying them. A decree promulgated 6 November 1987 at the Council of Ministers regulates the titles further, and on that basis the monarch of Spain has a right to use ("may use") those other titles appertaining to the Crown. Contrary to some belief, the long titulary that contains the list of over 20 kingdoms, etc., is not in state use, nor is it used in Spanish diplomacy. In fact, it has never been in use in that form, as "Spain" was never a part of the list in pre-1837 era when the long list was officially used.

This feudal style was last used officially in 1836, in the titulary of Isabella II of Spain before she became constitutional Queen.

Juan Carlos's titles include that of King of Jerusalem, as successor to the royal family of Naples.

Titles in official use[link]

The Standard of the King of Spain.

• King of Spain, of Castile, of León, of Aragon, of the Two Sicilies (Naples and Sicily), of Jerusalem, of Navarre, of Granada, of Toledo, of Valencia, of Galicia, of Majorca, of Seville, of Sardinia, of Córdoba, of Corsica, of Murcia, of Menorca, of Jaén, of Algeciras, of Gibraltar, of the Canary Islands, of the East and West Indies and of the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea;
• Archduke of Austria;
• Duke of Burgundy, of Brabant, of Milan, and of Neopatra (New Patras);
• Count of Habsburg, of Flanders, of Tyrol, of Roussillon and of Barcelona;
• Lord of Biscay and of Molina