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- 2Pacalypse Now
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Aaron Dixon
Aaron Dixon (born January 2, 1949) is an American activist and a former captain of the Seattle chapter of the Black Panther Party for its initial four years. In 2006, he ran for the United States Senate in Washington state on the Green Party ticket.
http://wn.com/Aaron_Dixon -
Afeni Shakur
Afeni Shakur Davis (born Alice Faye Williams: January 22, 1947) is an American music businesswoman, philanthropist, former political activist and ex-Black Panther. She is the mother of the late Tupac Shakur. She acted as her own criminal defense attorney after being accused of taking part in numerous bombings as a member of the Panther 21.
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur -
Angela Davis
Angela Davis (b. January 26, 1944 in Birmingham, Alabama) is an American socialist, philosopher, political activist and retired professor with the History of Consciousness Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She was the director of the university's Feminist Studies department. Davis was largely active during the Civil Rights Movement and was associated with the Black Panthers. Her research interests are in feminism, African American studies, critical theory, Marxism, popular music and social consciousness, and the philosophy and history of punishment and prisons.
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Ashanti Alston
http://wn.com/Ashanti_Alston -
Assata Shakur
Assata Olugbala Shakur (born July 16, 1947 as JoAnne Deborah Byron, married name Chesimard) is an African-American activist and escaped convict who was a member of the Black Panther Party (BPP) and Black Liberation Army (BLA). Between 1971 and 1973, Shakur was accused of several crimes, of which she would never be charged, and made the subject of a multi-state manhunt.
http://wn.com/Assata_Shakur -
Bobby Hutton
Bobby Hutton, or "Lil' Bobby," was the treasurer and first recruit to join the Black Panther Party. He was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas in 1950. His family moved to California at the age of three when they were visited by nightriders intimidating and threatening blacks in the area. He joined soon after the conception of the BPP in 1966 at the age of 16.
http://wn.com/Bobby_Hutton -
Bobby Rush
Bobby Lee Rush (born November 23, 1946, Albany, Georgia) is an American politician from Illinois. A Democrat, he has served in the United States House of Representatives as the member from Illinois' 1st congressional district since 1993. Rush's district is located principally on the South Side of Chicago. It is a minority-majority district and has a higher percentage of African Americans (65%) than any other congressional district in the nation. Rush has the distinction of being the only person to date to defeat President Barack Obama in an election for public office. Rush is a member of the Congressional Black Caucus.
http://wn.com/Bobby_Rush -
Bobby Seale
Robert George "Bobby" Seale (born October 22, 1936), is an American civil rights activist, who along with Huey P. Newton, co-founded the Black Panther Party For Self Defense on October 15, 1966.
http://wn.com/Bobby_Seale -
Bunchy Carter
Alprentice "Bunchy" Carter was an African American activist and former gang member who was killed on January 17, 1969. He is celebrated by his supporters as a martyr in the Black Power movement in the United States.
http://wn.com/Bunchy_Carter -
Chaka Khan
Chaka Khan (born Yvette Marie Stevens; March 23, 1953) is an American singer-songwriter who gained fame in the seventies as the front woman and focal point of the funk band Rufus. While still a member of the group in 1978, Khan embarked on a successful solo career. Her signature hits, both with Rufus and solo, include "Tell Me Something Good", "Sweet Thing", "Ain't Nobody", "I'm Every Woman", "I Feel for You" and "Through the Fire".
http://wn.com/Chaka_Khan -
Charles Barron
Charles Barron is a former Black Panther, a Democratic member of New York City Council from the 42nd District since 2001, and a self-described "elected activist".General information: Charles Barron's webpage at New York City Council . "Elected Activist": Dasanallah, [http://hiphopwired.com/2010/03/11/black-panther-charles-barron-invades-new-york-city-council/ "Black Panther Charles Barron Invades New York City Council"], Hip Hop Wired, March 11, 2010.
http://wn.com/Charles_Barron -
David Hilliard
David Hilliard (born May 15, 1942) is a member of the Black Panther Party. He was Chief of Staff in the party. He is currently a visiting instructor at the University of New Mexico.
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Donald L. Cox
http://wn.com/Donald_L_Cox -
Elaine Brown
Elaine Brown (born March 2, 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American prison activist, writer, and singer; she is a former chairperson of the Black Panther Party. Brown briefly ran for the Green Party presidential nomination in 2008. She currently lives in Atlanta, Georgia, and is a founder of Mothers Advocating Juvenile Justice.
http://wn.com/Elaine_Brown -
Frantz Fanon
http://wn.com/Frantz_Fanon -
Fred Hampton
: This article is about Fred Hampton, Sr. For his son, see Fred Hampton, Jr.
http://wn.com/Fred_Hampton -
George W. Sams, Jr.
George W. Sams, Jr. (born c.1946) was the national field marshal of the Black Panther Party who implicated Bobby Seale in the 1969 murder of New York Panther (and suspected FBI informant) Alex Rackley. This resulted in the New Haven Black Panther trials of 1970.
http://wn.com/George_W_Sams_Jr -
Geronimo Pratt
Elmer "Geronimo" Pratt (born September 13, 1947), also known as Geronimo ji-Jaga, is a former high ranking member of the Black Panther Party. He was targeted by the FBI program COINTELPRO, which aimed to "neutralize Pratt as an effective BPP functionary." Pratt was tried and convicted of the kidnap and murder of Caroline Olsen in 1972, and spent 27 years in prison, eight of which were in solitary confinement. Pratt was freed in 1997 when his conviction was vacated. He currently works as a human rights activist. Pratt is also notable as the godfather of the late rapper Tupac Amaru Shakur, a.k.a 2Pac.
http://wn.com/Geronimo_Pratt -
H. Rap Brown
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Jasmine Guy
Jasmine Guy (born March 10, 1962) is an American actress, singer and dancer. She is best known for her starring role as Whitley Gilbert in the television sitcom A Different World and Roxy in ''Dead Like Me.
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Kadafi (Outlawz)
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Karl Marx
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Larry Pinkney
Larry Pinkney is a veteran of the Black Panther Party, the former Minister of Interior of the Republic of New Africa, a former political prisoner and the only American to have successfully self-authored his civil/political rights case to the United Nations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. He has been interviewed on the nationally televised The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, regarding voter registration and disenfranchisement issues particularly as they pertain to economically poor and nonwhite voters in the United States.
http://wn.com/Larry_Pinkney -
Lonnie McLucas
Lonnie McLucas was a Black Panther Party member in Bridgeport, Connecticut who was found guilty of the May 21, 1969 murder of New York Panther Alex Rackley, in the first of the New Haven Black Panther trials in 1970. Rackley had been held and tortured at New Haven, Connecticut Panther headquarters for two days, under suspicion of being an informant for the FBI's COINTELPRO program. It was established at the trial that afterwards, Warren Kimbro, a resident of the house, McLucas, and national Panther field marshall George W. Sams, Jr. had driven Rackely to the marshes of Middlefield, Connecticut, where Kimbro and McLucas had each shot Rackley, on Sams' orders. Sams testified that national Panther leader Bobby Seale, who had been speaking at Yale University the day previous to the murder, had personally ordered the killing, but there was no corroborating evidence, and Seale was acquitted by a hung jury.
http://wn.com/Lonnie_McLucas -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X (; May 19, 1925 February 21, 1965), born Malcolm Little and also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (), was an African-American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist. To his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of African Americans, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. His detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, antisemitism, and violence. He has been described as one of the greatest, and most influential, African Americans in history. In 1998, Time named The Autobiography of Malcolm X one of the ten most influential nonfiction books of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Malcolm_X -
Malik Rahim
Malik Rahim (born Donald Guyton in 1948) is a former Black Panther, and a long-time housing and prison activist in the U.S. state of Louisiana. He gained publicity as a community organizer in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
http://wn.com/Malik_Rahim -
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (; December 26, 1893 September 9, 1976) was a Han Chinese revolutionary, political theorist and communist leader. He led the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His theoretical contribution to Marxism-Leninism, military strategies, and his brand of Communist policies are now collectively known as Maoism.
http://wn.com/Mao_Zedong -
Mark Essex
Mark James Robert Essex (1949 – January 7, 1973) killed 9 people, including 5 police officers, and wounded 13 others in New Orleans between December 31, 1972 and January 7, 1973.
http://wn.com/Mark_Essex -
Mopreme Shakur
Mopreme Shakur, (born 1969 in New York as Maurice Harding) originally known as Wycked, is an American rapper. He is the elder stepbrother of slain rapper Tupac Shakur, and the son of convict Mutulu Shakur.
http://wn.com/Mopreme_Shakur -
Mumia Abu-Jamal
Mumia Abu-Jamal (born Wesley Cook on April 24, 1954) is an American convicted and sentenced to death for the December 9, 1981 murder of Philadelphia police officer Daniel Faulkner. He has been described as "perhaps the best known Death-Row prisoner in the world", and his sentence is one of the most debated today.
http://wn.com/Mumia_Abu-Jamal -
Mutulu Shakur
Mutulu Shakur (born August 8, 1950 in Baltimore, Maryland as Jeral Wayne Williams), is a former proponent of the Republic of New Afrika and a close friend of Geronimo Pratt.
http://wn.com/Mutulu_Shakur -
Niccolò Machiavelli
http://wn.com/Niccolò_Machiavelli -
Orlando Anderson
http://wn.com/Orlando_Anderson -
Outlawz
Outlawz, also known as Outlaw Immortalz, is an American hip hop group founded by Tupac Shakur and Yaki Kadafi in late 1995 after Shakur's release from prison. Collectively, they are probably best known for appearing in the video for, and rapping on "Hit 'Em Up".
http://wn.com/Outlawz -
Richard Aoki
http://wn.com/Richard_Aoki -
Robert F. Williams
Robert Franklin Williams (February 26, 1925 – October 15, 1996) was a civil rights leader, author, and the president of the Monroe, North Carolina NAACP chapter in the 1950s and early 1960s. At a time when racial tension was high and official abuses were rampant, Williams was a key figure in promoting both integration and armed black self-defense in the United States.
http://wn.com/Robert_F_Williams -
Robert Hillary King
http://wn.com/Robert_Hillary_King -
Stokely Carmichael
Kwame Ture (June 29, 1941 November 15, 1998), also known as Stokely Carmichael, was a Trinidadian-American black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement. He rose to prominence first as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced "snick") and later as the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party. Initially an integrationist, Carmichael later became affiliated with black nationalist and Pan-Africanist movements. He popularized the term "Black Power".
http://wn.com/Stokely_Carmichael -
Tupac Shakur
http://wn.com/Tupac_Shakur -
Warren Kimbro
Warren Aloysious Kimbro (April 29, 1934 – February 3, 2009) was a Black Panther Party member in New Haven, Connecticut who was found guilty of the May 21, 1969, murder of New York Panther Alex Rackley, in the first of the New Haven Black Panther trials in 1970. Kimbro had been a resident of the New Haven Panther headquarters at 365 Orchard Street, where Rackley was held and tortured for two days under suspicion of being an informant for the FBI's COINTELPRO program. It was established at the trial that afterwards, Kimbro, Bridgeport, Connecticut Panther Lonnie McLucas, and national Panther field marshall George W. Sams, Jr. had driven Rackley to the marshes of Middlefield, Connecticut, where Kimbro and McLucas had each shot Rackley, on Sams' orders. Sams testified that national Panther leader Bobby Seale, who had been speaking at Yale University the day before the murder, had personally ordered the killing, but there was no corroborating evidence; the jury in Seale's subsequent trial was unable to reach a verdict, and the prosecution chose not to re-try the case.
http://wn.com/Warren_Kimbro -
William Lee Brent
William Lee Brent (1931 - November 4, 2006) was a Black Panther Party member who hijacked a passenger jet to Cuba in 1969 and spent 37 years in exile in Cuba.
http://wn.com/William_Lee_Brent
Shakur, Afeni Filmography
- Untitled Tupac Shakur Project (2013)
- Live 2 Tell (2012)
- Tupac Shakur: Thug Angel 2 (2011)
- Hip-Hop Honors (2004)
- Beef II (2004)
- Fade to Black (2004)
- MTV Movie Special: Tupac Resurrection (2003)
- MTV Movie Special: Tupac Resurrection (2003)
- Tupac: Resurrection (2003)
- Tupac: Resurrection (2003)
- Beef (2003)
- Baadasssss Cinema (2002)
- Biggie and Tupac (2002)
- MTV Video Music Awards 1999 (1999)
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About Tupac with Afeni Shakur part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:19
- Published: 18 Jun 2011
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
An interview with Afeni Shakur from the spring of 2011. Questions provided by notorious-makaveli.com
http://wn.com/About_Tupac_with_Afeni_Shakur_part_1
Afeni Shakur "Things I Miss About My Son"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Published: 08 May 2011
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
2Pac.com Exclusive
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur_Things_I_Miss_About_My_Son
Afeni Shakur's ABC Interview With Brian Ross About 2Pac's Music
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:53
- Published: 16 May 2011
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
From Inside Death Row Volume 2. Afeni Shakur with an exclusive interview with Brian Ross from CBS News. Feb. 5, 1997. talking about Tupac's unreleased music after his death and what has been going on.
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur's_ABC_Interview_With_Brian_Ross_About_2Pac's_Music
Activist Afeni Shakur-Davis Speaks at UCA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Published: 23 Feb 2012
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
Revolutionist and activist Afeni Shakur-Davis gave a lecture at the University of Central Arkansas on Feb. 13 at Reynolds Performance Hall.
http://wn.com/Activist_Afeni_Shakur-Davis_Speaks_at_UCA
Afeni Shakur speaks out about Tupac's DEATH @Kingsmenmedia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:44
- Published: 17 Aug 2011
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
Website KingsmenMedia.com twitter Twitter.com Facebook: Facebook.com Instagram:KingsmenMedia Afeni Shakur speaks out about Tupac's Death
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur_speaks_out_about_Tupac's_DEATH_@Kingsmenmedia
2Pac's mom Afeni Shakur gives amazing speech (Dream Reborn)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:12
- Published: 03 Oct 2011
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
2Pac's mom Afeni Shakur gives amazing speech (Dream Reborn)
http://wn.com/2Pac's_mom_Afeni_Shakur_gives_amazing_speech_Dream_Reborn
Afeni Shakur-Davis at UCA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Published: 14 Feb 2012
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
Afeni Shakur-Davis lectures at the University of Central Arkansas Reynolds Performance Hall on Monday, February 13, 2012.
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur-Davis_at_UCA
Afeni Shakur Talks Revolution Pt 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:43
- Published: 17 Apr 2008
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
Afeni Shakur speaks on race, revolution, unity, and religion. This will probably end up being considered one of the most poignant and powerful speaches she ever makes. An ex-race revolutionary, now aged and wise, educating those who will take her words to heart what it will take to build a truly sustainable culture and civilization. Self sustenance, individual freedom of determination and responsibility, and going one step further than seeing oneself as a sovereign entity, but rather someone responsible for the wellbeing of the less fortunate or educated. Grades: A, B, C, D, F My Grade: B+ The revolution never ended for me, but I felt she could have toned down some of her more radical stances. Overall the tone of unity with different races and becoming one with the land really resonated with me. I'm behind her 100%. Plus, she's the mother of my personal icon. You can never go wrong with that.
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur_Talks_Revolution_Pt_1
Afeni Shakur (Dream Reborn)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Published: 17 Jul 2012
- Updated: 10 Sep 2012
On April 4th-6th 2008, one thousand people gathered in Memphis, Tennessee to celebrate the life and legacy of Dr. King, and to build an inclusive green economy strong enough to lift people out of poverty. We asked attendees of the conference to share their dreams with us.
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur_Dream_Reborn
About Tupac with Afeni Shakur part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:18
- Published: 18 Jun 2011
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
An interview with Afeni Shakur from the spring of 2011. Questions provided by notorious-makaveli.com
http://wn.com/About_Tupac_with_Afeni_Shakur_part_2
TuPac's Mother, Afeni Shakur, Interviewed by Dr. Mike
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:06
- Published: 11 Nov 2007
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
Donnie McClurkin is loud in the background, but we had to work with the situation. This interview was conducted at the Re-Dedication Service of the Peace Garden at the Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts. More info at www.TASF.org or 2PacLegacy.com.
http://wn.com/TuPac's_Mother,_Afeni_Shakur,_Interviewed_by_Dr_Mike
Afeni Shakur & Outlawz | Interview (At Rap City)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Published: 06 Dec 2010
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
Afeni Shakur & Outlawz | Interview (At Rap City) talking about Rose that grow from the concrete (C) Website: outlawzmedia.net
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur_Outlawz_|_Interview_At_Rap_City
Exclusive Interview w/ Afeni Shakur-Davis, mother of Tupac
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:19
- Published: 30 Aug 2008
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
This is an excerpt of an 'Exclusive' online interview from ThugLifeArmy.com with Afeni Shakur-Davis, mother of Hip Hop Icon Tupac (2:Pac) Shakur. This is a 'rare' talk with Afeni Shakur-Davis. She laughs, she cries, she informs and enlightens. Listen to the entire interview with Afeni Shakur-Davis at www.ThugLifeArmy.com
http://wn.com/Exclusive_Interview_w_Afeni_Shakur-Davis,_mother_of_Tupac
Afeni Shakur At The Dream Reborn Conference (Tupacs Mom)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:56
- Published: 08 May 2012
- Updated: 21 Jul 2012
Afeni Shakur give a speach at the Dream Reborn Conference Filmed by Truth505 Truth505
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur_At_The_Dream_Reborn_Conference_Tupacs_Mom
Outlawz on Relationship With Afeni Shakur and Best Memories of Tupac
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Published: 17 Sep 2011
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
AllHipHop.com caught up with the Outlawz who spoke on their current relationship with Afeni Shakur and their fondest memories of Tupac. "Perfect Timing" in stores now! www.AllHipHop.com Follow on Twitter: @allhiphopcom Executive Producers: Chuck "Jigsaw" Creekmur & "Grouchy" Greg Watkins Reported, Shot & Edited by: JP DelaCuesta
http://wn.com/Outlawz_on_Relationship_With_Afeni_Shakur_and_Best_Memories_of_Tupac
Afeni Shakur & Voletta Wallace at MTV Awards 1999 (Complete)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Published: 05 Apr 2008
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
Afeni Shakur and Voletta Wallace the mothers of Tupac Shakur and Christopher Wallace presenting the MTV Award for "Best Rap Video" in 1999 ps I know that the birth date of Biggie isn't correct. I wrote 1992, but of course it is 1972!
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur_Voletta_Wallace_at_MTV_Awards_1999_Complete
Afeni Shakur and Hussein Fatal Talking About Tupac
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Published: 02 Feb 2010
- Updated: 29 May 2012
Afeni Shakur and Hussein Fatal Talk About Tupac
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur_and_Hussein_Fatal_Talking_About_Tupac
Exclusive Interview w Afeni Shakur Davis, mother of Tupac
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:19
- Published: 07 Aug 2012
- Updated: 07 Aug 2012
TUPAC & BIGGIE LIFE AFTER DEATH , FAITH AND AFENI SHAKUR 1996
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:32
- Published: 18 Mar 2012
- Updated: 18 Apr 2012
TUPAC BIGGE FAITH FAITH AND AFENI SHAKUR.. CHANNEL 9 NEWS CLIP
http://wn.com/TUPAC_BIGGIE_LIFE_AFTER_DEATH_,_FAITH_AND_AFENI_SHAKUR_1996
Afeni Shakur Talking about Tupac part 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Published: 08 Apr 2009
- Updated: 31 Aug 2012
Afeni Shakur Talking about Tupac part 4
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur_Talking_about_Tupac_part_4
Afeni Shakur Talks Revolution Pt1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:43
- Published: 24 Sep 2011
- Updated: 10 Jun 2012
Afeni Shakur Talks Revolution Pt1
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur_Talks_Revolution_Pt1
PART 1 AFENI SHAKUR
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:15
- Published: 10 Apr 2007
- Updated: 04 Aug 2012
AUTHOR, FORMER BLACK PANTHER AND YOUTH ADVOCATE, AFENI SHAKUR, MOTHER OF TUPAC SHAKUR SPOKE AT SCCU ON MARCH 28 TO DISCUSS HER LIFE AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TUPAC AMURU SHAKUR CENTER FOR THE ARTS, TASF.ORG
http://wn.com/PART_1_AFENI_SHAKUR
Afeni Shakur Talks Revolution Pt 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:50
- Published: 17 Apr 2008
- Updated: 29 Jul 2012
Afeni Shakur speaks on race, revolution, unity, and religion. This will probably end up being considered one of the most poignant and powerful speaches she ever makes.
http://wn.com/Afeni_Shakur_Talks_Revolution_Pt_2
Photo: AP / Marcio Jose Sanchez
21 Sep 2012
LOS ANGELES -- Space shuttle Endeavour took off Friday morning on a sightseeing tour of California, the last aerial hurrah before retiring to a Los Angeles museum. Hitching a ride on top of a jumbo...
Photo: DOD / Public Domain
20 Sep 2012
KANDAHAR, Afghanistan | It was nearly 2 a.m. when Army Pfc. Zach Randle jumped out of his bulky armored vehicle in southern Afghanistan for what he hoped would be the last time. “I don’t...
Photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
20 Sep 2012
In the recent wave of anti-Western demonstrations, political Islam has operated globally. The West's response has been mired in the local politics of its separate nation-states. It is a curious...
Photo: AP / Shakh Aivazov
21 Sep 2012
Thousands have rallied in Georgia to demand the prosecution of high-level officials fired in a prison-abuse scandal that threatens to unseat the governing pro-Western party in next month's...
Photo: AP / B.K. Bangash
21 Sep 2012
Pakistan's government, wary of widespread frustration over its failure to provide basic services, declared Friday a day of protest over the film in an apparent bid to exploit anger which has inspired...
Afeni Shakur 2pac's Mom Arrested
29 Apr 2010
The Examiner
2pac & Afeni Shakur sohh.com If you like this ... Lloyd Banks Talks Rick Ross And A Deal With Def Jam Rihanna Hospitalized Nicki Minaj And Rick Ross Join Diddy Notorious B.I.G.'s Wrongful Death Suit Dismissed Game Releases 400 Bars Dissing 50 Cent (Video Here) View all »...(size: 2.4Kb)
MTV
Afeni Shakur, the activist mother of late hip-hop legend Tupac Shakur, was arrested for felony drug possession in Lumberton, North Carolina, earlier this month. According to The Fayetteville Observer, the ex-Black Panther was charged April 16 with felony...(size: 1.7Kb)
Afeni Shakur Responds to LA Times Article
28 Mar 2008
PR Newswire
The Tupac Amaru Shakur Foundation presents the 2008 Leadership & Arts Camp Cities include Atlanta, Los Angeles, & Oakland ATLANTA, March 28 /PRNewswire/ -- In response to the Los Angeles Times article Mrs. Shakur said, "We will continue to work to save the lives of our young people and to offer...(size: 3.0Kb)
photo: A.Gilbert/WN
BET
-- Beyonce fell while performing her hit song "Ring The Alarm." The fall took place at a concert in Orlando, Florida yesterday (July 24). In a video that surfaced on Youtube.com, the singer appeared to have no injury, as she immediately got up and continued the song. The NY Daily News...(size: 2.0Kb)
PR Newswire
The Record Company Falsely Includes Unreleased Tracks as Part of the Label's Assets in Bankruptcy Auction LOS ANGELES, July 24 /PRNewswire/ -- Lawyers for Amaru Entertainment and Afeni Shakur, co-administrator of the Tupac Shakur Estate, filed for an injunction against Death Row Records, Inc. and R....(size: 4.7Kb)
PR Newswire
ROBESON COUNTY, N.C., July 7 /PRNewswire/ -- Ms. Afeni Shakur-Davis and her family would like to extend their gratitude and thanks to everyone...(size: 1.0Kb)
PR Newswire
NEW YORK, May 16 /PRNewswire/ -- Afeni Shakur, mother of Tupac Shakur (2Pac), the most successful rap artist in music history, and David Schulhof, co-CEO of EverGreen Copyrights (EverGreen), a leading independent global music publishing and marketing company, today announced a partnership to develop...(size: 3.3Kb)
Afeni Shakur Takes Historic Trip to South Africa
07 Aug 2006
Marketwire
STONE MOUNTAIN, GA -- (MARKET WIRE) -- August 07, 2006 -- The Tupac Amaru Shakur Foundation is proud to announce Afeni Shakur's upcoming visit to South Africa to deliver her son's ashes on the 10th anniversary of his death. This momentous trip, from September 10th to the 18th, will be an opportunity...(size: 2.4Kb)
Afeni Shakur launches "keep kids alive" campaign
30 May 2005
StreetHOP
Afeni Shakur, mother of talented rapper and actor Tupac Shakur, has recently launched a “Keep kids alive” campaign. She intends to stop the unnecessary death of a youth every 18 minutes in the United States. Be it through car accident, suicide or homicide. She also spoke on the way...(size: 1.9Kb)
Straight Talk With Afeni Shakur
25 Apr 2005
BET
-- In a captivating interview with the mother of the late Tupac Shakur, Afeni Shakur, we talked with her concern for today's youth and their responsibilty. Check out what she had to say below in BET.com's latest "Straight Talk" interview. Could you tell us about the Tupac foundation youâve...(size: 2.3Kb)
 |
The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (April 2011) |
| Afeni Shakur | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | Alice Faye Williams (1947-01-22) January 22, 1947 (age 65) Lumberton, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Children | Tupac Shakur |
Afeni Shakur Davis (born Alice Faye Williams:[1] January 22, 1947)[citation needed] is an African American music businesswoman, philanthropist, former political activist and ex-Black Panther. She is the mother of Tupac Shakur. She acted as her own criminal defense attorney after being accused of taking part in numerous bombings as a member of the Panthers.
Shakur was born in Lumberton, North Carolina[1] on January 22, 1947.[citation needed]
Involvement in the music industry and philanthropy[link]
Exactly one year following Tupac's death, with the money made from Tupac's posthumous albums, Afeni founded the Georgia-based Tupac Amaru Shakur Foundation, which provides art programs for young people, and Amaru Entertainment, the holding company for all Tupac's unreleased material. She has also since launched a fashion clothing line, Makaveli Branded; all proceeds go to his charity, the Tupac Amaru Shakur Foundation[citation needed].
Injunction against Death Row Records[link]
 |
This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (September 2009) |
Shakur was reportedly in Federal Court on July 20, 2007, to file an injunction to prevent Death Row Records from selling any unreleased material from Tupac after the company failed to prove that the unreleased songs were not part of its bankruptcy settlement.[2] She created a record label named Amaru Records to release Tupac's unreleased recordings.[citation needed] Afeni Shakur won her court case against Death Row Record to receive 150 unreleased songs by her son.
References[link]
- ^ a b Guy, Jasmine (2004). Afeni Shakur: Evolution of a Revolutionary. New York: Atria Books. p. 5.
- ^ Moscow-Pullman Daily News (Jul 26, 2007) Tupac's mother tries to stop Death Row sale of unreleased tracks Retrieved 2010 May 17
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Shakur, Afeni |
| Alternative names | Eminem lover |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 11th February 1999 |
| Place of birth | Lumberton, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Revisions and sourced additions are welcome; please only include historical figures.
The following is a list of significant men and women known for being the father, mother, or considered the founders mostly in Western socities in a field, listed by category. In most non-science fields, the title of being the "father" is debatable.
|
Church[link]
Main article: Church Fathers
Games[link]
| Subject | Father/Mother | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Miniature wargaming | H.G. Wells[1] | |
| The modern video game industry | Nolan Bushnell | Creator of Pong and founder of Atari and Chuck E. Cheese's |
| Modern video game | Shigeru Miyamoto[2] | Creator of many successful Nintendo franchises |
| Role-playing game | Gary Gygax[3] | Creator of Dungeons & Dragons |
| Stealth game | Hideo Kojima[4] | Creator of the Metal Gear stealth-action games |
| Video game | Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr. | Inventor of the First video game |
| Wargaming | Charles S. Roberts[5] |
Humanities[link]
Military[link]
| Subject | Father/Mother | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Aerial warfare | Oswald Boelcke[6] | The first to formalize rules of air fighting, which he presented as the Dicta Boelcke, also credited as being the first pilot to shoot down an aircraft. |
| Atomic bomb | Robert Oppenheimer[7] Leó Szilárd[8] Enrico Fermi[9] |
|
| Blitzkrieg | Heinz Guderian[10][11] | |
| The West's Hydrogen bomb | Edward Teller[12] | |
| Atomic submarine and "nuclear navy" | Hyman G. Rickover[13][14][15] | |
| Fourth Generation Warfare | William S. Lind[citation needed] | |
| French sailing navy | Jean-Baptiste Colbert[16] | Built on the fleet of France inherited from Cardinal Richelieu. |
| Naval Special Warfare | Phil H. Bucklew[17] | US Naval Officer and First Commanding Officer of Navy SEAL Team One |
| Naval tactical studies | Paul Hoste[18] | Jesuit Professor of Mathematics at the Royal College of the Marine in Toulon; wrote L'Art des Armées Navales (1697) |
| Luftwaffe and Luftstreitkräfte | Oswald Boelcke[19] | |
| The Soviet Union's Hydrogen Bomb | Andrei Sakharov[20] | |
| United States Airborne | William C. Lee[21] | First commander of the parachute school at Fort Benning, Georgia. |
| United States Cavalry | Kazimierz Pułaski[22] | Brigadier-general and commander of the cavalry of the Continental Army (1770s). |
| United States Navy | Commodore John Barry[23] Captain John Paul Jones[24] |
Nations[link]
Natural and social sciences[link]
Sports[link]
| Subject | Father/Mother | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| American football | Walter Camp[25] | |
| American motocross | Edison Dye[26] | Introduced motorcross to American riders. |
| American road racing | Cameron Argetsinger[27] | Introduced the first US auto race that was dedicated to road courses at Watkins Glen. |
| American soccer | Steve Ross[28] | Godfather, created the New York Cosmos soccer team and imported a number of well known international footballers to the team in an attempt to bring interest to soccer in the US. |
| Angling | Izaak Walton[29] | Author of The Compleat Angler. |
| Argentine football | Alexander Watson Hutton[30] | |
| Argentine professional golf | José Jurado[31] | |
| Argentine winter sports | Otto Meiling[32] | |
| Association football | Ebenezer Cobb Morley[33] | |
| Baseball | Henry Chadwick[34][35][36][37] | |
| Basketball | James Naismith | Left many diaries and interviews that explain how and when he created basketball. |
| BMX | Scot Breithaupt[38] | |
| Brazilian football | Charles William Miller[39] | |
| Camel Lights | Jim Downing | Built a racecar a season before it became the basis of a new lightweight prototype class in |
| Canadian rodeo | O. Raymond Knight[41] | Coined the rodeo term "stampede" and was world's first rodeo producer, rodeo stock contractor, and rodeo champion in 1902. |
| Drag racing | Wally Parks[42] | Founder of the NHRA and organized the first legitimate drag race. |
| Don Garlits[43] | Considered to be one of the innovators of drag racing safety. | |
| Eddie Hill[44] | Regarded as the forefather of drag racing. | |
| Drifting | Kunimitsu Takahashi[45] | Introduced an aggressive high speed cornering technique that became widely used for illicit purposes which eventually became a sport. |
| East Coast skateboarding | Vinny Raffa (godfather)[46] | |
| Florida skateboarding | Bruce Walker (godfather)[47] | |
| Modern football | Ebenezer Cobb Morley[48] | |
| Freestyle BMX | Bob Haro[49][50] | |
| Freestyle Motocross | Mike Metzger[51] | Godfather. |
| Funny Car | Dick Landy[52] | |
| Ice Hockey | James Creighton (ice hockey) | Captained of one of the two teams that participated in the first indoor hockey game on March 3, 1875 in Montreal. |
| Import drag racing | Frank Choi[53] | Hosted one of the first events specifially for import cars in the mid-1990s to keep drivers out of street racing that progressed into a professional category. |
| Italian football | James Richardson Spensley[54] | Given due to his association with Genoa CFC and his contribution to the modern day variation of the game in Italy. |
| William Garbutt[55] | Laying the foundations of skilled coaching in Italian football. | |
| Japanese baseball | Horace Wilson[56] | Credited for introducing baseball in Japan. |
| Hiroshi Hiraoka[57] | Credited for establishing the first baseball team. | |
| Jogging | Jim Fixx[58] | Founding father. |
| Kart racing | Art Ingels[59] | Developed the world's first kart (1956). |
| Lacrosse | William George Beers[60][61][62][63] | Codified the sport. |
| Mixed martial arts | Bruce Lee[64] | Called so by Dana White, president of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. For his experimentation into other styles and invention of Jeet Kune Do. |
| Modern bodybuilding | Eugen Sandow[65] | |
| Harold Zinkin[66] | Called so by Arnold Schwarzenegger during a press statement on his passing in 2004. Inventor of the modern exercise machines. | |
| Modern boxing | James Figg[67] | |
| James J. Corbett[citation needed] | ||
| Modern figure skating | Jackson Haines[68] | "Jackson Haines - The Father of Figure Skating," according to Roy Blakey |
| Modern football in Japan | Dettmar Cramer[69] | |
| Modern rodeo | Earl W. Bascom[70] | Bascom's many equipment innovations pioneered the sport starting in 1916. |
| Modern sabre fencing | Italo Santelli[71] | |
| Modern surfing | Duke Kahanamoku[72] | |
| Rodeo bareback bronc riding | Earl W. Bascom[70] | Bascom designed and made the first one-hand rigging in 1924. |
| Rugby union | A. G. Guillemard[73] | |
| William Webb Ellis[74] | "Who with a fine disregard for the rules of football as played in his time first took the ball in his arms and ran with it thus originating the distinctive feature of the rugby game". | |
| Scuba diving | Jacques Cousteau[75] | Developed the aqua-lung jointly with Émile Gagnan; popularized scuba diving as a research diver, writer, and film and television producer and personality. |
| Skateboarding | Skip Engblom (godfather)[76] | |
| Tony Hawk (godfather)[77] | ||
| Snowboarding | Jake Burton Carpenter[78] | |
| Stock car racing | Bill France, Sr.[79][80] | Foundation of the sanctioning body for stock car racing |
| Supercross | Mike Goodwin[81] | Organized the first supercross race. |
| Televised golf | Frank Chirkinian[82][83] | Personally responsible for much of the production conventions of modern golf broadcasting. |
Technology[link]
Fields[link]
| Subject | Father/Mother | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Aerodynamics (modern) | Sir George Cayley [84][85] | Founding father of modern Aerodynamics. The first to identify the four aerodynamic forces of flight—weight, lift, drag, and thrust. Modern airplane design is based on those discoveries. |
| Architecture | Imhotep[86] | Built the first pyramid |
| Astronautics | Konstantin Tsiolkovsky[87] |
|
| Aviation | Father Francesco Lana-Terzi[90] | Book: Prodromo alla Arte Maestra (1670). First to describe the geometry and physics of a flying vessel. |
| British watchmaking | Thomas Tompion[91] | |
| Clinical trials | James Lind[92] | Conducted the first controlled clinical trial in the modern era of medicine, an investigation on using citrus food as a treatment for scurvy aboard HMS Salisbury in 1747 |
| Computing | Charles Babbage[93] | Inventor of the Analytical Engine which was never constructed in his lifetime. |
| Cybernetics | Norbert Wiener[94][95] | |
| Genetics | Gregor Mendel | Founder of the Genetics[96] |
| Modern Bladesmithing | William F. Moran | Founder of the American Bladesmith Society |
| Modern Kinematics | Ferdinand Freudenstein | Applied digital computation to the kinematic synthesis of mechanisms.[97] |
| Modern Knifemaking | Bob Loveless | Founder of the Knifemakers' Guild |
| Photography | Louis Daguerre[98] Nicéphore Niépce[99] William Henry Fox Talbot[100] Thomas Wedgwood[101] |
Inventions[link]
| Subject | Father/Mother | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Air conditioning | Willis Carrier | [102] |
| C (programming language) | Dennis Ritchie | |
| Chronograph | George Graham[91][103] | Referred so by Bernard Humbert of the Horology School of Bienne on his 1990 book he Chronograph as Graham was the first to construct a horological mechanism |
| Compact Disc | Kees Immink[104] | |
| Compiler | Grace Hopper | |
| Computer | Konrad Zuse[105] | Invented world's first functional program-controlled computer. |
| Alan Turing[106][107] | Was a secret code breaker during WWII and invented the Turing machine (1936). | |
| John von Neumann[108] | Became "intrigued" with Turing's universal machine and later emphasised the importance of the stored-program concept for electronic computing (1945), including the possibility of allowing the machine to modify its own program in useful ways while running. | |
| John V. Atanasoff[109] | Invented the digital computer in the 1930s | |
| John W. Mauchly [110] J.Presper Eckert[111] |
Invented the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) in 1946. ENIAC was the first general-purpose electronic computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems. | |
| Computer Program | Ada Lovelace[112] | Recognized by historians as the writer of the world's first computer program which was for the Charles Babbage Analytical Engine, but was never complete within either her or his lifetime. |
| Ekranoplan | Rostislav Alexeev | |
| Helicopter | Igor Sikorsky [113] | Invented the first successful helicopter, upon which further designs were based. |
| Internet | Vint Cerf[114][115] Bob Kahn[116] [117] |
Co-invented Internet protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in 1973, the two original protocols of the Internet protocol suite.[118] |
| Instant noodle | Momofuku Ando[119] | Inventor of the instant noodle, also founder of Nissin Foods to produce and market them. |
| Japanese television | Kenjiro Takayanagi[120][121] | |
| Jet engine | Frank Whittle[122][123] | |
| Karaoke | Daisuke Inoue[124] | Inventor of the machine as a means of allowing people to sing without the need of a live back-up. |
| Laser | Charles Hard Townes | |
| Lightning prediction system | Alexander Stepanovich Popov | The first lightning prediction system, the Lightning detector, was invented in 1894 by Alexander Stepanovich Popov. |
| Marine chronometer | John Harrison[125] | |
| Microprocessor | Marcian Hoff[126] Masatoshi Shima[127] |
|
| Mobile phone | Martin Cooper[128] | He is the main brainchild of hand-held phone and with the help of Motorola team he developed the first handset in 1973 weighing in at two kilos. |
| Pentium microprocessor | Vinod Dham[129][130] | The original Pentium (P5) was developed by a team of engineers, including John H. Crawford, chief architect of the original 386,[131] and Donald Alpert, who managed the architectural team. Dror Avnon managed the design of the FPU.[132] Dham was general manager of the P5 group.[133] Some media sources have called him the "father of the Pentium". |
| Personal computer | Chuck Peddle[134] | Developed the 6502 microprocessor, the KIM-1 and the Commodore PET |
| Henry Edward "Ed" Roberts[135] André Truong Trong Thi[136] |
||
| Programmable logic controller | Dick Morley[citation needed] | |
| Radio | Alexander Stepanovich Popov [137] Lee De Forest[138][139][140] Guglielmo Marconi[141] Jagdish Chandra Bose[142] Nikola Tesla[143] |
The research of these pioneers led to the development of the radio |
| Radio (Radio broadcasting) | Reginald Fessenden[citation needed] David Sarnoff[citation needed] |
Fessenden is credited as the first to broadcast radio signals on Christmas Eve, 1906. Sarnoff proposed a chain of radio stations to Marconi's associates in 1915. |
| Radio (FM radio) | Edwin H. Armstrong[citation needed] | Obtained the first Federal Communications Commission (FCC) license to operate an FM station in Alpine, New Jersey at approximately 50 megahertz (1939) |
| Radiotelephony | Reginald Fessenden[144][145] | |
| Search Engine | Alan Emtage[146][147][148] | Created Archie, a pre-Web search engine which pioneered many of the techniques used by subsequent search engines |
| SGML | Charles Goldfarb[149] | |
| Telephone | Alexander Graham Bell[150] | See Invention of the telephone |
| Television | Philo T. Farnsworth[151] | Co-Inventors of the Electronic Television. Farnsworth invented the Image dissector while Zworykin created the Iconoscope, both fully electronic forms of television. Logie Baird invented the world's first working television system, also the first electronic color television system. |
| Tokamak | Lev Artsimovich | |
| Tube structure | Fazlur Khan[156] | Invented the tube structural system and first employed it in his designs for the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartments, John Hancock Center and Sears Tower. |
| World Wide Web | Tim Berners-Lee[157] | |
| Visual Basic | Alan Cooper[158] | |
| XML | Jon Bosak[159] |
Towns, cities and regions[link]
| Subject | Father/Mother | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| British Columbia | James Douglas[160] | Fur trader and manager for the North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company, Governor of the Colony of Vancouver Island and first Governor of the Colony of British Columbia. |
| Lan Kwai Fong | Allan Zeman[161] | Noted for turning a small square of streets in Central, into a thriving bar and night life districts in Hong Kong. |
Transport[link]
| Subject | Father/Mother | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| 20th century American car industry | Henry Ford[162] | Noted for introducing a simple and affordable car for the ordinary American masses. |
| American Interstate Highway System | Dwight D. Eisenhower[163] | |
| High-performance VW industry | Gene Berg[164] | |
| Hot rod | Ed Winfield[165] | |
| Import Car Culture | RJ DeVera[166] | Influential for popularising the import car scene in the mid-1990s. |
| Kustom Kulture | Von Dutch[167] | |
| Monster truck | Bob Chandler[168] | Famed for building Bigfoot, which was the first to be capable of driving over cars and subsequently became one of the most famous monster truck in history |
| Mountain bike | Gary Fisher[169] | |
| Rotary engine | Felix Wankel[170][171] | |
| Route 66 | Cyrus Avery[172] | |
| Tailfin | Harley Earl[173][174][175] | |
| Traffic safety | William Phelps Eno[176] | |
| Yellow school bus | Frank W. Cyr[177] |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ The Miniatures Page. The World of Miniatures - An Overview.
- ^ "Nintendo's Shigeru Miyamoto, 'The Father of Modern Video Games,' Receives The Jim". Reuters. 2009-01-15. http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS218035+15-Jan-2009+PRN20090115.
- ^ Rausch, Allen (August 15, 2004). "Gary Gygax Interview - Part I". GameSpy. http://pc.gamespy.com/articles/538/538817p1.html. Retrieved 2005-01-03.
- ^ "Hideo Kojima 'GDC 2009 Keynote' video Part 2 of 4". 1UP.com. March 26, 2009. http://gamevideos.1up.com/video/id/24175. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
- ^ "Charles S. Roberts: The Founding Father"
- ^ http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8194
- ^ J Robert Oppenheimer
- ^ Bernstein, Barton J: "Introduction" to The Voice of the Dolphins and Other Stories (expanded edition), by Leo Szilard. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992, p.5: "Its author, Leo Szilard, now dead nearly three decades, was a Hungarian émigré scientist and one of many putative fathers of the A-bomb."
- ^ Lichello, R. (1971). Enrico Fermi: Father of the Atomic Bomb. SamHar Press. ISBN 978-0-87157-011-6. http://books.google.com/?id=Xh8eKgAACAAJ&dq=Lichello.
- ^ Chris Trueman. "Heinz Guderian". http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/heinz_guderian.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
- ^ Chris Shimp (March 1, 2001). "General Heinz Guderian: The Father of Blitzkrieg". http://history.sandiego.edu/GEN/st/~cshimp/guderian.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
- ^ "'Father of H-Bomb' Agrees to Rally Scientific Talent." The New York Times, December 31, 1965, p.19. Story opens: "Albany, December 30—Governor Rockefeller will make an intensified attack on air pollution with the help of Dr. Edward Teller, the 'father of the hydrogen bomb.'"
- ^ Jeffries, John (2001). Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Fordham Univ Press. ISBN 0-8232-2110-5. , p.162: "'Admiral Rickover', said Powell, '"father of the atomic submarine", is a great naval officer... It is not equally clear that he is a careful and thorough student of American education.'"
- ^ "Submarine Range Called Unlimited; Rickover Says Atomic Craft Can Cruise Under Ice To North Pole and Beyond," The New York Times, December 6, 1957, p.33: "The admiral, who is often called the 'Father of the Atomic Submarine'..."
- ^ Galantin, I. J. (1997). Submarine Admiral: From Battlewagons to Ballistic Missiles. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06675-8. , p. 217: "Chet Holifield... member of the JCAE... said 'Of all the men I dealt with in public service, at least one will go down in history: Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, the father of the nuclear Navy.'"
- ^ Warner, Oliver (1973). Great Battle Fleets. Hamlyn. p. 98. ISBN 0-600-33913-0 ISBN 978-0-600-33913-7.
- ^ Lanning, Col. Michael Lee (October 29, 2002). Blood Warriors: American Military Elites. New York: Ballantine. pp. 368. ISBN 978-0-345-44891-0.
- ^ Warner, Oliver (1973). Great Battle Fleets. Hamlyn. p. 96. ISBN 0-600-33913-0 ISBN 978-0-600-33913-7.
- ^ http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWboelcke.htm
- ^ "Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons, and Human Rights". Center for the History of Physics. American Institute of Physics. http://www.aip.org/history/sakharov/. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
- ^ "General William C. Lee: Father of the Airborne". Archived from the original on 2008-06-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20080612100930/http://www.screamingeagle.org/WilliamLeeChapter/williamclee.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
- ^ Yale Richmond (1995). From Da to Yes: understanding the East Europeans. Intercultural Press. p. 72. ISBN 1-877864-30-7, ISBN 978-1-877864-30-8. http://books.google.com/?id=2Y8GNIp42ysC&printsec=frontcover.
- ^ John Barry Kelly. "Commodore Barry". http://www.ushistory.org/people/commodorebarry.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
- ^ Hoover Library, "Revolutionary America! Where Did We Go From There? The Continental Navy -- John Paul Jones"
- ^ http://www.collegefootball.org/famersearch.php?id=88004
- ^ http://www.motorcyclemuseum.org/halloffame/hofbiopage.asp?id=163
- ^ http://www.wheels.ca/newsFeatures/article/485678
- ^ http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/eticket/story?page=cosmos
- ^ New International Encyclopedia. New York City: Dodd, Mead and Company. 1914. pp. Fathers.
- ^ "32". International Federation of Football History & Statistics. http://www.iffhs.de/?29dad5a85ad4a91b972b9815e85fdcdc3bfcdc0aec28d6eda0a70c. Retrieved November 9, 2011. "Arnoldo Pencliffe Watson Hutton (20.8.1886-29.7.1951), popularly known as "El Fantástico", was the son of Scotsman Alexander (Alejandro) Watson Hutton, who was a football pioneer and is considered the father of Argentine football."
- ^ "Pro Shop & Clubhouse". Algodon Wine Estates. InvestProperty Group, LLC. http://www.algodonwineestates.com/en_US/tourism/golf/proshop/_view/lang=en_US. Retrieved November 9, 2011. "Only at our pro shop can you find unique AWE merchandise, as well as memorabilia of the legends who inspire us; José Jurado, "The Father of Argentine Professional Golf", and José Luis Clerc ("Batata"), one of the most important Argentine tennis players in history."
- ^ Mirodan, Seamus (February 14, 2004). "Nazis' Argentine village hide-out pulls in tourists". The Sunday Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/argentina/1454352/Nazis-Argentine-village-hide-out-pulls-in-tourists.html. Retrieved November 9, 2011. "Across the road from Priebke's delicatessen is the Club Andino Bariloche, a mountaineering association set up in 1931 by Otto Meiling, the father of Argentine winter sports and a former member of the Hitler Youth."
- ^ http://www.sportsbooks.net/soccer/history.html
- ^ "Henry Chadwick, Chad, The Father of Base Ball [sic]"; National Baseball Hall of Fame bio,[1]. Not a player, but a journalist and organizer, the Hall of Fame credits him as "inventor of the box score" and "author of the first rule-book."
- ^
- 'Spalding's Baseball Guide and Official League Book for 1889, ed. Henry Chadwick at Project Gutenberg: "Henry Chadwick, the veteran journalist, upon whom the honored sobriquet of 'Father of Base Ball[sic]' rests so happily and well, appears in portraiture, and so well preserved in his physical manhood that his sixty-three years rest lightly upon his well timed life."
- ^ "Matty" at Harvard; The New York Times, February 16, 1909, p. 7: "Charles H. Ebbets, Chairman of the Chadwick Monument Committee, has announced that the contract has been awarded for a suitable monument to be placed on the plot in Greenwood[sic] Cemetery where the remains of the late Henry Chadwick, 'the Father of Baseball,' repose."
- ^ Collins, Glen (2004): "Ground as Hallowed as Cooperstown," The New York Times, April 1, 2004. (Article on baseball notables interred in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn) "Among the nearly 600,000 people buried there are no less than four pioneers who were accorded the title 'Father of Baseball' in the popular press: Henry Chadwick, Duncan Curry, William Tucker and William Wheaton....The memorial for Henry Chadwick bears a 'Father of Base Ball' inscription.... [Duncan] Curry, first president of the Knickerbocker Baseball Club, is immortalized with a monument that proudly dubs him 'Father of Baseball' because he headed the club that scholars say first codified many of the game's rules...."
- ^ http://citracycling.multiply.com/journal/item/27
- ^ Hamilton, Aidan (1998). An Entirely Different Game, The British Influence on Brazilian Football. Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 1-84018-041-2.
- ^ Goudinoff, Connie (1992). Mazda Motorsports: 20 Victorious Years in America. Motorbooks International. p. 96. ISBN 0-87938-582-0.
- ^ Hicken, J.O. Ed. "Raymond Roundup 1902–1967". Lethbridge, Alberta Canada: The Lethbridge Herald Company, Ltd., 1967. pp. 243, 519.
- ^ http://www.mshf.com/hof/parks_wally.htm
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- ^ http://www.mopar.com/life/legends/dicklandy.html
- ^ "Frank Choi, the father of import drag racing, has done it again..." http://turbohightechperformance.automotive.com/65970/turp-0311-battle-in-virginia-drag-race/index.html
- ^ "English Players in Italy". RSSSF.com. http://www.rsssf.com/players/eng-players-in-it.html. Retrieved August 2007.
- ^ http://www.target.com/William-Garbutt-Father-Italian-Football/dp/1899807829
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- ^ Klein, Christopher (2006-10-01). "A passion for the Sox in Kyoto's Fenway Park". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/travel/articles/2006/10/01/a_passion_for_the_sox_in_kyotos_fenway_park/?page=2.
- ^ "Fathers (and mothers) of invention: ultimate victims of their own success". The Independent (London). 2004-02-12. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/fathers-and-mothers-of-invention-ultimate-victims-of-their-own-success-569681.html. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
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- ^ Wickert, Marc. 2004. Dana White and the future of UFC. kucklepit.com. See Wikiquotes for the text.
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- ^ Roy Blakey's Icestage Archive, accessed December 15, 2011.
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- ^ a b Elgin, Fran, et al. Editors. "Mohahve VI, A Collection of Histories", Hesperia, California, USA: Mohahve Historical Society, 2011. pp.77.
- ^ Santelli bio including several references backing up the statement, including a quote from Dr. William Gaugler December 1997: "I am, in fact, only two generations removed from the 'father of modern sabre' [referring to Santelli]".
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- ^ Dolch, Craig (March 4, 2011). "Chirkinian's impact on televised golf can't be overstated". PGATOUR.com. http://www.pgatour.com/2011/r/03/04/dolch-column-chirkinian/index.html. Retrieved July 15, 2011. "Bringing sounds to golf is just part of the reason why Chirkinian — who is considered "the father of televised golf" — was elected February 9 into the World Golf Hall of Fame on an emergency vote."
- ^ Goldstein, Richard (March 5, 2011). "Frank Chirkinian, the Father of Televised Golf, Dies at 84". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/06/sports/golf/06chirkinian.html. Retrieved July 15, 2011. "Frank is universally regarded as the father of golf television,” Jim Nantz, CBS’s longtime lead golf announcer, told the PGA Tour Web site this year. “He invented it. He took a sport that no one knew how to televise and made it interesting. He brought the Masters tournament to life."
- ^ "Sir George Carley (British Inventor and Scientist)". Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100795/Sir-George-Cayley-6th-Baronet. Retrieved 2009-07-26. "English pioneer of aerial navigation and aeronautical engineering and designer of the first successful glider to carry a human being aloft."
- ^ "The Pioneers: Aviation and Airmodelling". http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/cayley.html. Retrieved 2009-07-26. "Sir George Cayley, is sometimes called the 'Father of Aviation'. A pioneer in his field, he is credited with the first major breakthrough in heavier-than-air flight. He was the first to identify the four aerodynamic forces of flight—weight, lift, drag, and thrust—and their relationship and also the first to build a successful human carrying glider."
- ^ Albert Gallatin Mackey, The Builder Magazine, December 1922, Volume VIII, Number 12, Part XVI.
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- ^ Wiener, Norbert (1965) [1948]. Cybernetics, Second Edition: or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. MIT Press. ISBN 0-8247-2257-4. (Wiener is credited with coining the term in its common modern usage)
- ^ Bowler, Peter J. (2003). Evolution: the history of an idea. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23693-9.
- ^ http://www.springerlink.com/content/p68g683357756307/fulltext.pdf?page=1 Life and career of Ferdinand Freudenstein
- ^ Barger, M. Susan; William B. White (2000). The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6458-5. p. 20, "Louis Jacques Monde Daguerre: The second father of photography is Daguerre..."
- ^ Barger, M. Susan; William B. White (2000). The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6458-5. p. 17, "The first father of photography was Nicéphore Niépce...."
- ^ Ellis, Roger (2001). Who's Who in Victorian Britain. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-1640-6. , p. 116: cites book title: "A. H. Booth: William Henry Fox Talbot: father of photography, 1965".
- ^ Booth, Martin (1999). Opium: A History. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-20667-4. p. 30 "Robert Hall, the divine, was addicted [to opium], as was Thomas Wedgwood, the father of photography."
- ^ The Father of Cool - Willis Haviland Carrier and Air Conditioning
- ^ http://www.thetimetv.com/news-brawn-announces-new-team-partnership-with-graham-london-859-133
- ^ Untitled Document
- ^ Konrad Zuse's versus John von Neumann's Computer Concepts
- ^ Gray, Paul (1999-03-29). "Alan Turing - Time 100 People of the Century". Time. http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/turing.html. Retrieved 2009-06-13. "The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine"
- ^ 'Father of the computer' honoured - BBC News, Monday, 7 June 2004
- ^ The Modern History of Computing - Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- ^ Bruner, Jeffrey. "Atanasoff, father of the computer, dies at 91". Rebuilding the ABC. Ames Laboratory. http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/ABC/Articles/Register6-95.html. Retrieved 2006-07-28.
- ^ "Inventor Profile: John Mauchly". Invent Now - Hall of Fame. North Canton, OH, USA: National Inventors Hall of Fame. March 29, 2004. http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/182.html. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
- ^ "Inventor Profile: J. Presper Eckert". Invent Now - Hall of Fame. North Canton, OH, USA: National Inventors Hall of Fame. March 29, 2004. http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/181.html. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
- ^ Ada Lovelace
- ^ Igor Sikorsky is considered to be the "father" of helicopters not because he invented the first. He is called that because he invented the first successful helicopter, upon which further designs were based, an article from inventors.About.com by Mary Bellis
- ^ Making Televised Emergency Information Accessible from the Gallaudet University website
- ^ Although it's a title he objects to (see Interview with Vinton Cerf, from a January 2006 article in Government Computer News), Cerf is willing to call himself one of the Internet's fathers, citing Bob Kahn in particularly as being someone with whom he should share that title.
- ^ Kahn do, No (2007). " Father of internet warns against Net Neutrality", The Register, Thursday 18 January
- ^ Louis Pouzin
- ^ "Fascinating facts about the invention of the Internet by Vinton Cerf in 1973". The Great Idea Finder. http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/internet.htm.
- ^ http://www.wakin-web.com/Wakin/NewsVault/InstantNoodles.html
- ^ "Kenjiro Takayanagi: The Father of Japanese Television". NHK Science & Technical Research Laboratories. http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/aboutstrl/evolution-of-tv-en/p05/. Retrieved 2006-12-09.
- ^ "Kenjiro Takayanagi, Electrical Engineer, 91 (obituary)". New York Times. 1990-07-25. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6D61231F936A15754C0A966958260. Retrieved 2006-12-09.
- ^ "Sculpture to jet engine inventor". BBC News. 2005-10-20. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/coventry_warwickshire/4362374.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
- ^ Aircraft Engine
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- ^ http://www.rpi.edu/about/hof/hoff.html
- ^ "Kosaku Inagaki’s Home Page". Kyoto University. http://inagaki.ist.i.kyoto-u.ac.jp. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
- ^ "Meet the man who invented the mobile phone". BBC News. 2010-04-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/8639590.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
- ^ The Technology Trailblazer: Vinod Dham. University of Cincinnati.
- ^ Priya Ganapati at Techfest 99, IIT Bombay. Rediff.com.
- ^ p. 54, "Intel Turns 35: Now What?", David L. Margulius, InfoWorld, July 21, 2003, ISSN 0199-6649.
- ^ p. 21, "Architecture of the Pentium microprocessor", D. Alpert and D. Avnon, IEEE Micro, 13, #3 (June 1993), pp. 11–21, doi:10.1109/40.216745.
- ^ p. 90, "Inside Intel", Business Week, #3268, June 1, 1992.
- ^ Commodore History: Chuck Peddle
- ^ "Microsoft founders lead tributes to 'father of the PC'". BBC News. April 2, 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8600493.stm. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
- ^ A Talk with the Father of Computing, Wired Magazine
- ^ The "The First Electronic Church of America" website poses the question: "Russia's Popov: Did he 'invent' radio?" According to this account, Alexander Popov is the "radio man." Among other things, it notes that Popov reported sending and receiving a wireless signal across a 600 yards distance in 1895. Two years later, it says, he set up a shore station at Kronstadt and equipped the Russian navy cruiser Africa with his wireless communications apparatus to provide ship-to-shore communication., an article by Stan Horzepa wondering who is the father of the radio
- ^ De Forest, Lee (1950). Father of Radio: The Autobiography of Lee de Forest. Chicago: Wilcox & Follett. (This book sold fewer than a thousand copies and is accordingly rare and expensive today).
- ^ Dennis, Everette E..; Edward Pease (1994). Radio—The Forgotten Medium. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56593-873-9. , p. 198: "the egotistical Lee De Forest who discovered, however unwittingly, the audion tube that allowed him to proclaim himself 'the father of radio'"
- ^ Shurkin, Joseph (1996). Engines of the Mind: The Evolution of the Computer from the Mainframes to Microprocessors. W. W. Norton and Company. ISBN 0-393-31471-5. , p. 132: "De Forest, who was not a modest man, called himself the 'Father of Radio,' an epithet whose accuracy is debatable."
- ^ Guglielmo Marconi - the "father of radio"
- ^ A. K. Sen (1997). "Sir J.C. Bose and radio science", Microwave Symposium Digest 2 (8-13), pp. 557-560.
- ^ Ask the average person "Who invented radio?" and the average answer will be "Marconi." Ask the same question on the Internet, and the average answer will not likely be "Marconi." Instead, try one of the following on for size: Nikola Tesla, Alexander Popov, Oliver Lodge, Reginald Fessenden, Heinrich Hertz, Mahlon Loomis, Nathan Stubblefield, James Clerk Maxwell and even Thomas Edison, among others, an article by Stan Horzepa wondering who is the father of the radio
- ^ McLuhan, Marshall; Barrington Nevitt (1972). Take Today; the Executive as Dropout. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 0-15-187830-7. "Fessenden, the Forgotten Father of 'Wireless' Telephony" (section heading)[2]
- ^ Zuill, William S. (2001): The Forgotten Father of Radio", American Heritage of Science and Technology, 17(1)40–47, as cited in Silverman, Steve (2003). Lindbergh's Artificial Heart: More Fascinating True Stories From Einstein's Refrigerator. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 0-7407-3340-0. p. 160
- ^ [3] from the Eweek website
- ^ [4] History of the Internet
- ^ [5] History of the Search Engine - What Came Before Google?
- ^ XML for Newcomers and Managers - Part I
- ^ Van Meggelen, Jim; Jared Smith, Leif Madsen (2005). Asterisk: The Future of Telephony. O'Reilly. ISBN 0-596-00962-3. , p.190: "Although Alexander Graham Bell is most famously remembered as the father of the telephone, the reality is that during the latter half of the 1800s dozens of minds were at work on the project of carrying voice over telegraph lines."
- ^ http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/F/htmlF/farnsworthp/farnsworthp.htm
. Society of Television Engineers. URL accessed January 20, 2008. "Isn't it about time that Philo Farnsworth gets some credit??? - ^ "Zworykin at IEEE Global History Network". http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Vladimir_Zworykin. Retrieved 2008-03-03. ""the oft-called Father of Television Vladimir Zworykin""
- ^ "Zworykin at Museum.TV". http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/Z/htmlZ/zworykinvla/zworykinvla.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-03. ""inventor Vladimir Zworykin is often described as "the father of television". ""
- ^ "John Logie Baird: TV Inventor". http://www.sydenham.org.uk/john_logie_baird.html. Retrieved 2009-07-26. "John Logie Baird invented Television in 1926. His initial TV system was electro-mechanical. He (later) embraced electronic TV and developed the world's first color television system."
- ^ "The World's First High Definition Color Television System". http://www.bairdtelevision.com/colour.html. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
- ^ Weingardt, Richard (2005). Engineering Legends. ASCE Publications. p. 75. ISBN 0-7844-0801-7.
- ^ Three loud cheers for the father of the web, 28 January 2005, Telegraph.co.uk
- ^ Cooper, Alan, Why I am called "the Father of Visual Basic" "Mitchell Waite called me the "father of Visual Basic" in the foreword to what I believe was the first book ever published for VB, called the Visual Basic How-To (now in its second edition, published by The Waite Group Press). I thought the appellation was an appropriate one, and frequently use the quoted phrase as my one-line biography."
- ^ XML.com: "XML Father" leaves W3C for OASIS
- ^ BC Archives: Sir James Douglas
- ^ http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_429594.html
- ^ http://trendsupdates.com/henry-ford-father-of-20th-century-american-industry/
- ^ Federal Highway Administration [6]. URL accessed July 21, 2006.
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- ^ http://www.bvv.cz/i2000/Akce/b-slife.nsf/WWWAllPDocsID/BEXP-7L6PQ9?OpenDocument&LANG=GB&NAV=1&ID=0
- ^ http://irishcar.com/wankelge.htm
- ^ http://www.rotorhead.ca/articles/2002/12/22/felix-wankel-bio/
- ^ Steil, Tim (2000). Route 66. MBI Publishing Company. p. 18. ISBN 0-7603-0747-4. "Avery, though dubbed the 'Father of Route 66' by some, was a political appointee who also left office the next year."
- ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=X91l3wqJnikC&pg=PA179&lpg=PA179&dq=%22father+of+the+tail+fin%22&source=bl&ots=0R7qHrSvev&sig=NllowJaW5UQa_SJB7MZgZOoVbWA&hl=en&ei=xTYaTZ2WKIa4hAeOj_W3Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22father%20of%20the%20tail%20fin%22&f=false
- ^ McCosh, Dan (2003-03-07). "DRIVING; Most Cars Are Born As Models of Clay". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/07/travel/driving-most-cars-are-born-as-models-of-clay.html?src=pm.
- ^ http://www.retrofuture.com/index.php/2009/01/24/harley-earls-dream-car-the-firebird-iii/
- ^ Eno Transportation Foundation [7]. URL accessed August 23, 2006.
- ^ Watson, Rollin J. (2002). The School As a Safe Haven. Bergen Garvey/Greenwood. p. 30. ISBN 0-89789-900-8. http://books.google.com/?id=uNbd6oIXm0MC&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30. "The modern school bus began in a conference in 1939 called by Frank W. Cyr, the 'Father of the Yellow School' bus, who was a professor at Teachers College, Columbia University. At that meeting, Cyr urged the standardization of the school bus. Participants came up with the standard yellow color and some basic construction standards. Cyr had... found that children were riding in all sorts of vehicles—one district, he found, was painting their buses red, white, and blue to instill patriotism."
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_considered_father_or_mother_of_a_field
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Hussein Fatal | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Bruce Washington |
| Born | (1977-04-03) April 3, 1977 (age 35) Montclair, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Genres | Gangsta rap |
| Occupations | Rapper |
| Years active | 1990–present |
| Labels | Thugtertainment, 1Nation |
| Associated acts | Tupac Shakur Outlawz Ja Rule Three 6 Mafia Gangsta Boo Yukmouth |
| Website | thugtertainment.net |
Bruce Washington (born April 3, 1977), better known by his stage name, Hussein Fatal, is an American rapper and a member of Outlawz. His rapper stage name is named after former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.
Contents |
Early career[link]
Washington began rapping and drug dealing at a young age and went to the same school as Outlawz member, Yafeu Fula, later known as Yaki Kadafi. Kadafi told him that he knew Tupac Shakur, but Washington didn't believe him until Fula's mother said they were going to visit him in jail. When they went to visit him, Washington did a freestyle for Shakur and impressed him with his lyrical skills. Tupac quickly added Washington to his new group "Outlaw Immortalz", and gave him the alias "Hussein Fatal", after Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, for the Outlawz tyrant theme.
On February 13, 1996, Hussein Fatal made his debut on Tupac Shakur's 9x Platinum Double LP All Eyez on Me on the songs "All Bout U", & "When We Ride".
On June 4, 1996, Fatal was featured on Shakur's infamous diss song "Hit 'Em Up". The song is widely considered the most vicious diss song ever recorded due to its explicit lyrics and seriousness of violent intent towards Tupac's enemies. Fatal did the second verse on the song, attacking Shakur's rival's The Notorious B.I.G., Puffy, & the rap group Junior M.A.F.I.A..
Murder of Tupac Shakur[link]
On September 7, 1996, 2Pac was fatally wounded in a drive-by shooting.[1] He died a week later on September 13, at the age of 25. Fatal had gone back to New Jersey the day before to attend court. After 2Pac's murder, Yaki Kadafi also went back to New Jersey with Fatal; both of them believing Los Angeles held nothing for them without Tupac.
Only a couple of months later, on November 10, Yaki Kadafi was murdered at the age of 19. Having lost two of his friends within two months, Fatal decided to go back to drug dealing. This was a decision that would later have a great impact on his career and life. On December 10, 1997, Fatal had his first child named Chyna. After her birth, he decided to get out of drug dealing and signed with Relativity Records. He released his solo debut, [1]In The Line Of Fire, in March 1998. The label went bankrupt and the album received little to no promotion, resulting in poor sales.
Fatal then signed with Houston-based Rap-A-Lot Records – home to such legends as the Geto Boys, Gangsta Boo of Three 6 Mafia, Tear Da Club Up Thugs, and Scarface. He started working on his second solo album, Death Before Dishonor. He recorded over forty songs, including tracks featuring Fat Joe, Gang Starr, Gotti, Ja Rule, Lil' Mo, New Child, Outlawz, Rowdy Rahz and Scarface. Unfortunately, Fatal was arrested in December 1999 due to an assault charge from three years earlier. In 2001, he was released to a halfway house in New Jersey, and paroled in early 2002. On November 19, 2002, Rap-A-Lot Records released his second solo album, re-titled Fatal.
Murder Inc Records[link]
In 2003, Fatal teamed up with Ja Rule whom he had known for some time. In November 2003, Ja Rule's fifth album, Blood In My Eye, was released. Fatal made guest appearances on four songs: "The Life," " Blood In My Eye," "It's Murda (Freestyle)" and "The Wrap (Freestyle)". "Things Gon Change" 4 songs on the album were diss tracks aimed at 50 Cent & G-Unit. He also appeared on Ashanti's "Rain On Me (Remix) and in Ja Rule's "Clap Back" video." Hussein Fatal was rumored to have signed with The Inc. Records
Recent years[link]
Hussein Fatal has set up his own music label called Thugtertainment, he continues to release mixtapes. He reunited with's Outlawz released new album Killuminati 2K10 in 2010.[2] Hussein Fatal has again re-united with Outlawz on their newest album, Perfect Timing released in September 2011.
Discography[link]
Main article: Hussein Fatal discography
| Solo Albums | Year | Label |
|---|---|---|
| In the Line of Fire | 1998 | Relativity Records |
| Fatal | 2002 | Rap-a-Lot |
| Born Legendary | 2009 | Thugtertainment |
| With Young Noble | Year | Label |
| Thug in Thug Out | 2007 | High Powered, Koch, Thugtertainment, 1Nation |
| With Nutt-So | Year | Label |
| Outkasted Outlawz | 2010 | Thugtertainment |
| Game of Thrones | 2012 | Thugtertainment |
| With Outlawz | Year | Label |
| Killuminati 2k10 | 2010 | 1Nation Ent., Thugtertainment |
| Killuminati 2k11 | 2011 | 1Nation Ent., Thugtertainment |
| Perfect Timing | 2011 | Universal, Fontana, 1Nation, Krude |
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Outlawz: Worldwide | himself | Documentary DVD |
| 2003 | Eyes On Hip Hop – The Chronicle Vol.1 | himself | Documentary DVD |
| Beef | himself | Documentary DVD | |
| 2004 | All Access Vol.5 | himself | Documentary DVD |
| 2007 | Smooth, Game Is Dead | – | Motion picture debut |
| 2008 | The Money Kept Coming | himself | Documentary DVD |
| Cash Rules | – | Motion picture debut |
Footnotes[link]
References[link]
- http://forum.thugtertainment.net/showthread.php?t=1514
- http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1473467/20030630/big_mike.jhtml
- http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/features/id.864/title.hussein-fatal-remembering-tupac
- http://www.ballerstatus.com/article/news/2007/09/3049/
External links[link]
- Thugtertainment.Net – Official Hussein Fatal Website
- Thugtertainment.TV – Official Hussein Fatal Videos
- Hussein Fatal on Twitter
- Hussein Fatal discography at Discogs
- Hussein Fatal at the Internet Movie Database
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Fatal, Hussein |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | April 3, 1973 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Hussein_Fatal
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Hussein Fatal
http://fr.wn.com/Hussein Fatal
http://nl.wn.com/Hussein Fatal
http://de.wn.com/Hussein Fatal
http://it.wn.com/Hussein Fatal
http://es.wn.com/Hussein Fatal
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_Fatal
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
