Quail
Brown Quail, Coturnix ypsilophora
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Galliformes

Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally considered in the order Galliformes. Old World quail are found in the family Phasianidae, and New World quail are found in the family Odontophoridae. The buttonquail are not quail at all, are named more for their superficial resemblance to quail, and are members of the Turnicidae family, more closely related to the Charadriiformes. The King Quail, a member of the Old World quail, is often sold in the pet trade and is commonly referred to there as a "button quail". Many of the common larger species are farm raised for table food or egg consumption, and are hunted on game farms or in the wild, where they are sometimes artificially stocked to supplement the wild population, or extend into areas they are normally not found naturally.

The collective noun for a group of quail is a covey^[1] or bevy.^[2]

Taxonomy[link]

A quail trap from Malaysia, also known as the jebak puyuh. A female quail was placed in the woven container behind the netting. As the female called out, a male mate would approach and then the trap would fall on him. Quails are now rarely found in the wild in Malaysia so such devices now serve as decoration.^[3]

New World quail may refer to the following species of Odontophoridae:

• Genus Oreortyx
  • Mountain Quail, Oreortyx pictus
• Genus Callipepla
  • Scaled Quail, (commonly called Blue Quail) Callipepla squamata
  • Elegant Quail, Callipepla douglasii
  • California Quail, Callipepla californica
  • Gambel's Quail, Callipepla gambelii
• Genus Philortyx
  • Banded Quail, Philortyx fasciatus
• Genus Colinus
  • Northern Bobwhite, Colinus virginianus
  • Black-throated Bobwhite, Colinus nigrogularis
  • Spot-bellied Bobwhite, Colinus leucopogon
  • Crested Bobwhite, Colinus cristatus
• Genus Odontophorus
  • Marbled Wood Quail, Odontophorus gujanensis
  • Spot-winged Wood Quail, Odontophorus capueira
  • Black-eared Wood Quail, Odontophorus melanotis
  • Rufous-fronted Wood Quail, Odontophorus erythrops
  • Black-fronted Wood Quail, Odontophorus atrifrons
  • Chestnut Wood Quail, Odontophorus hyperythrus
  • Dark-backed Wood Quail, Odontophorus melanonotus
  • Rufous-breasted Wood Quail, Odontophorus speciosus
  • Tacarcuna Wood Quail, Odontophorus dialeucos
  • Gorgeted Wood Quail, Odontophorus strophium
  • Venezuelan Wood Quail, Odontophorus columbianus
  • Black-breasted Wood Quail, Odontophorus leucolaemus
  • Stripe-faced Wood Quail, Odontophorus balliviani
  • Starred Wood Quail, Odontophorus stellatus
  • Spotted Wood Quail, Odontophorus guttatus
• Genus Dactylortyx
  • Singing Quail, Dactylortyx thoracicus
• Genus Cyrtonyx
  • Montezuma Quail, Cyrtonyx montezumae
  • Ocellated Quail, Cyrtonyx ocellatus
• Genus Rhynchortyx
  • Tawny-faced Quail, Rhynchortyx cinctus

Old World quail may refer to the following species of Phasianidae:

• Genus Coturnix
  • Common Quail, Coturnix coturnix
  • Japanese Quail, Coturnix japonica
  • Stubble Quail, Coturnix pectoralis
  • †New Zealand Quail, Coturnix novaezelandiae (extinct)
  • Rain Quail, Coturnix coromandelica
  • Harlequin Quail, Coturnix delegorguei
  • †Canary Islands Quail, Coturnix gomerae (fossil)
  • Brown Quail, Coturnix ypsilophora
  • Blue Quail, Coturnix adansonii
  • King Quail, Coturnix chinensis
• Genus Anurophasis
  • Snow Mountains Quail, Anurophasis monorthonyx
• Genus Perdicula
  • Jungle Bush Quail, Perdicula asiatica
  • Rock Bush Quail, Perdicula argoondah
  • Painted Bush Quail, Perdicula erythrorhyncha
  • Manipur Bush Quail, Perdicula manipurensis
• Genus Ophrysia
  • Himalayan Quail, Ophrysia superciliosa (critically endangered/extinct)

References[link]

External links[link]

Look up quail in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Daniel Boulud (born March 25, 1955 in Saint-Pierre de Chandieu, France) is a French chef and restaurateur with restaurants in New York City, Palm Beach, Miami, Montreal, Beijing, and Singapore. He is best known for Daniel, his eponymous, Michelin 3-star restaurant in New York City.

While raised on a farm outside of Lyon and trained by renowned French chefs, Boulud made his reputation in New York, first as a chef and most recently a restaurateur. His management company, The Dinex Group, currently includes six restaurants and Feast & Fêtes Catering. His restaurants include Daniel, Café Boulud, DB Bistro Moderne, Bar Boulud, DBGB Kitchen & Bar, and Boulud Sud in New York City. He has also created Café Boulud in Palm Beach and the Michelin-star Daniel Boulud Brasserie in Las Vegas (since closed)

Culinary background[link]

At fifteen, Boulud earned his first professional recognition: He was a finalist in France's competition for Best Culinary Apprentice. Boulud worked in France with Roger Vergé, Georges Blanc and Michel Guérard and later in Copenhagen before becoming the private chef to the European Commission in Washington, D.C..

Moving to New York City, Boulud opened the Polo Lounge at The Westbury Hotel then Le Régence at the Hotel Plaza Athenée. From 1986 to 1992, he was Executive Chef at Le Cirque. During his tenure, the restaurant became one of the most highly rated in the country.

His restaurants[link]

Boulud set out on his own and opened his restaurant Daniel, in 1993, in Manhattan's Upper East Side. Daniel relocated the restaurant to a new home in 1998: a Venetian renaissance-inspired setting at Park Avenue and 65th Street—premises, in fact, that had once housed Le Cirque. The original Daniel was re-launched as the Café Boulud.

He opened a more casual restaurant in the theater district of Manhattan in 2001: db Bistro Moderne, and in 2003 a second Café Boulud in Palm Beach, Florida. Daniel Boulud Brasserie opened in 2005 inside the Wynn Las Vegas.

In 2004, Boulud crafted the menus for the brand-new Queen Mary 2.

In January 2008, the Chef opened Bar Boulud, a French bistro located across from Lincoln Center in New York City.

He opened Maison Boulud à Pékin in Beijing China in July 2008.

In December 2008, after the departure of founding chef Rob Feenie and minority owner, Boulud reopened Vancouver restaurants Lumière and Feenie's (renaming the latter "db Bistro Moderne", making it the sister restaurant to db Bistro Moderne in Manhattan) as Chef, Consulting Chef and Co-partner.^[1] Boulud and his partners closed those two restaurants on March 13, 2011.^[1] He opened DBGB Kitchen & Bar, a Pan-European brasserie, in New York City in 2009.^[2][3][4]

In June 2009, Boulud stated that he wanted to open his next venture to be in London and that he is currently looking into several options for it.^[5]

Daniel Boulud Brasserie closed on July 4, 2010. Wynn chose not to renew the contract between Boulud & The Resort (see Wynn Las Vegas for more). It is rumored that Boulud is looking for another location to open in Las Vegas, possibly in the space that used to be occupied by Charlie Trotter at The Palazzo.^{[citation needed]}

In February 2011, Boulud opened a db Bistro Moderne at Marina Bay Sands in Singapore.^[6]

In April 2011, it was announced that Maison Boulud in Ritz-Carlton Montreal would open, a business that Boulud's Dinex Group has been contracted to run.^[7]

On May 9th, 2011, Boulud Sud opened across from Bar Boulud, with a focus on Mediterranean cuisine.^[8] Although not a restaurant, Épicerie Boulud opened on the same day as a market/deli.

Awards[link]

Not long after opening, restaurant Daniel was rated one of the top ten restaurants in the world by the International Herald Tribune. He was named Chef of the Year by Bon Appétit, and Daniel received Gourmet's Top Table Award, a four-star rating from the New York Times, Wine Spectator's Grand Award, and New York City's top ratings for cuisine, service and decor in the Zagat Survey.

Boulud received the James Beard Award for Best Chef of New York City in 1992 while Executive Chef at Le Cirque. The James Beard Foundation would again recognize Chef Daniel Boulud with “Outstanding Chef of the Year” in 1994 and “Outstanding Restaurateur” in 2006 for restaurant Daniel. In April 2007 he received the Culinary Humanitarian Award at the United Nations from the Adopt-a-Mine Field Foundation. The President of France made Boulud a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur in March 2006 in recognition for his contribution to the advancement of French culture.

Daniel, his flagship New York City namesake, was awarded three Michelin stars in the 2010 Michelin, the book's highest rating.^[9] In addition, Daniel's New York restaurant was awarded 19 points out of 20 on the famous restaurant rating system invented by fellow Frenchman André Gayot of GAYOT.com.^[10]

TV[link]

Boulud also hosts "After Hours with Daniel" a behind-closed-doors look at the late night dinners, by chefs and for chefs. The high definition TV series reveals where chefs go to unwind after a night behind the stove and uncovers the far out foods they crave and cook for each other. Boulud recently completed filming the third season of the show, which features restaurants in the New Orleans and Miami culinary scene. The first season was filmed in New York City restaurants and the second, on the West Coast, in Los Angeles restaurants.

Chef Boulud has been a featured chef on Great Chefs television.^[11]

Boulud was also featured in the second season finale of the Canadian television program Anna & Kristina's Grocery Bag, where his cookbook "Chef Daniel Boulud: Cooking in New York City" was being tested. Boulud appeared as the guest judge along with chefs from his restaurants located in Vancouver: Stephane Istel, executive chef at DB Bistro Moderne & Dale MacKay, executive chef at Lumière. Boulud's cookbook received the "A & K Stamp of Approval" at the end of the episode.^[12]

Community involvement[link]

Daniel Boulud works to support several charities focusing his efforts on hunger relief and culinary education. He has been an active member of the board of directors of Citymeals-on-Wheels, a non-profit organization that provides home-delivered, nutritious meals to frail, homebound elderly in New York City, since 2003 and hosts an annual gala for the charity each spring. On April 13, 2008, Daniel Boulud hosted an intimate Sunday supper to mark the 10th anniversary of Savoring Citymeals—an annual gourmet event he has hosted since 1998.

The Daniel Boulud Scholarship Endowment Fund was established by the chef’s business partner, Joel Smilow, in 2005. The fund serves to provide continuing education enabling promising young American cooks to pursue professional culinary studies in France.

In 2008 Paul Bocuse asked Boulud to establish a structure for the selection of the Bocuse d'Or Team USA, who along with Thomas Keller and Jérôme Bocuse form the Board of Directors of the Bocuse d'Or USA Foundation. The first Bocuse d'Or USA competition was held in September 2008.^[13][14]

Legal Issues and settlement[link]

According to a 2007 article in the New York Times Dining Section, Daniel Boulud was sued by current and former workers for discriminatory labor practices at his namesake restaurant in Manhattan.^[15] The workers alleged that Mr. Boulud denied them promotions at his restaurant Daniel because of their race and ethnicity and retaliated against some who complained about it. The federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission filed suit and there was an investigation by the Civil Rights Bureau of the New York state Attorney General’s office. Mr. Boulud settled with the workers, seven current and former employees of Latin American and Bangladeshi descent, for $80,000 and agreed to set up standards and procedures for promotions to be overseen by the EEOC & the state attorney general’s office.^[16][17]

Books[link]

• Cooking with Daniel Boulud (1993)
• Daniel Boulud’s Café Boulud Cookbook (1999)
• Daniel Boulud Cooking in New York City (2002)
• Daniel’s Dish, Entertaining at Home with a Four Star Chef (2003)
• Letters to a Young Chef (2003)
• Braise: a Journey Through International Cuisine (2006)

In 2001, Boulud allowed author Leslie Brenner near unlimited access to Daniel the result was the 2002 book The Fourth Star: Dispatches from Inside Daniel Boulud's Celebrated New York Restaurant which gives some insight into the workings of the chef and how he operates.

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• FEAST & FETES covered in New York Parties - Private Views by Jamee Gregory - Nov 2010

External links[link]

• Daniel Boulud's Official Website
• Superstar New York Chef Joins Vancouver's Lumiere
• MOJO HD and "After Hours with Daniel"
• James Beard Foundation's Who’s Who of Food and Beverage in America
• Savoring Citymeals: A Casual Sunday Supper with Daniel
• LX.TV Video Interview
• Interview with Chef Boulud and Video of Restaurant
• EEOC Press Release Regarding Restaurant Daniel July 31, 2007
• New York Times Daniel Boulud EEOC settlement article
• New York Times Article on EEOC findings Aug. 1, 2007

Tom Robinson (born 1 June 1950) is an English singer-songwriter, bassist and radio presenter, better known for the hits "Glad to Be Gay", "2-4-6-8 Motorway", and "Don't Take No for an Answer", with his Tom Robinson Band. He later peaked at #6 in the UK Singles Chart with his solo single "War Baby".^[1]

Biography[link]

Tom Robinson was born into a middle-class family in Cambridge on 1 June 1950.^[2] He attended Friends School Saffron Walden, a co-ed privately funded Quaker school, between 1961 and 1967. Robinson has two brothers and a sister: Matthew (former executive producer of BBC One's EastEnders and Byker Grove, currently running Khmer Mekong Films in Cambodia), George and Sophy.

At the age of 13, Robinson realised that he was a homosexual when he fell in love with another boy at school.^[3] At that time, male homosexual activity was still a crime in England, punishable by prison.^[2] Wracked with shame and self-hatred, he had a nervous breakdown and attempted suicide at 16.^[2][3] A head teacher got him transferred to Finchden Manor, a therapeutic community for disturbed teenagers in Kent,^[3] where he spent his following six years.^[2] At Finchden Manor, Robinson was inspired by John Peel's The Perfumed Garden on pirate Radio London, and by a visit from Alexis Korner.^[3] The legendary bluesman and broadcaster transfixed a roomful of people with nothing but his voice and an acoustic guitar. The whole direction of Robinson's life and career became suddenly clear to him.^[3]

In 1973, Robinson moved to London and joined the acoustic trio Café Society.^[2][3] They impressed Ray Davies of The Kinks enough for him to produce their debut album, though it sold only 600 copies.^[3] The working relationship with Davies supposedly ended when, infuriated by Davies' lack of punctuality, Robinson sarcastically performed The Kinks' hit "Tired of Waiting for You" to him when he finally arrived at the studio. Davies retaliated with the less-than-complimentary Kinks single "Prince of the Punks", about Robinson. In London, Robinson became involved in the emerging gay scene and embraced the politics of gay liberation, which linked gay rights to the wider issues of social justice.^[3]

Inspired by an early Sex Pistols gig,^[3] he left Café Society in 1976, and founded the more political Tom Robinson Band.^[2] The following year the group released the single "2-4-6-8 Motorway",^[2] which peaked at #5 in the UK Singles Chart for two weeks.^[4] The song alludes obliquely to a gay truck driver.^[2] In February 1978, the band released the live extended play Rising Free, which peaked at #18 in the UK Singles Chart and spawned the hit "Glad to Be Gay", originally written for a 1976 London gay pride parade.^[5] The song was banned by the BBC Radio 1.^[2][3][5] In May 1978, the band released its debut album, Power in the Darkness, which was very well received, peaking at #4 in the UK Albums Chart,^[6] and receiving a gold certification by the BPI.^[3] Their second album, TRB Two, however, was a commercial and critical failure, and the band broke up four months after its release.^[2]

In 1979, Robinson co-wrote several songs with Elton John, including his minor hit "Sartorial Eloquence (Don't Ya Wanna Play This Game No More?)" which peaked at #39 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and a song about a young boy in boarding school who has a crush on an older student called "Elton's Song". It was recorded, but not released until 1981 in the album "The Fox".

In 1980, Robinson organised Sector 27, a less political rock band that released a critically acclaimed but unsuccessful album produced by Steve Lillywhite.^[2][3] The band nevertheless received an enthusiastic reception at a Madison Square Garden concert with The Police.^[2] However, their management company went bankrupt, the band disintegrated, and Robinson suffered another nervous breakdown.^[2] Desolate and in debt, Robinson fled to Hamburg, Germany, much like his idol David Bowie escaped to Berlin at a low point in his life.^[3] Living in a friend's spare room, he began writing again and ended up working in East Berlin with local band NO55.^[2][3]

In 1982, Robinson penned the song "War Baby" about divisions between East and West Germany,^[2] and recorded his first solo album North By Northwest with producer Richard Mazda. "War Baby" peaked at #6 in the UK Singles Chart^[1] and at #1 in the UK Indie Chart for three weeks,^[7] reviving his career.^[2][3] His following single, "Atmospherics (Listen To The Radio)", peaked at #39 in the UK Singles Chart^[8] and provided him further income when it was covered by Pukka Orchestra in 1984. The Pukkas' version was a top 20 hit in Canada under the title "Listen To The Radio".

Robinson's return to Britain led to late-night performances in cabarets at the Edinburgh Fringe, some of which later surfaced on the live album Midnight at the Fringe.^[2][3] His career enjoyed a resurgence in the mid 90s with a trio of albums for the respected folk/roots label Cooking Vinyl and a Glastonbury performance in 1994.^[3][9] In 1986, a BBC producer offered him his own radio show on the BBC World Service.^[2] Since then, Robinson has unusually presented programmes on all the BBC's national stations: Radio 1, Radio 2, Radio 3, Radio 4 5 Live and 6 Music.^[3] He has presented The Locker Room, a long-running series about men and masculinity, for Radio 4 in the early 1990s, and later hosted the Home Truths tribute to John Peel a year after his death in 2004.^[3] In 1997, he won a Sony Academy Award for You've Got To Hide Your Love Away, a radio documentary about gay music, produced by Benjamin Mepsted.^[3] He currently presents his own show on 6 Music, featuring live music sessions, on Monday and Tuesday nights, and freelances on Radio 2's Mark Radcliffe Show and Radio 4's Something Understood, and Pick of the Week.^[3] In 1994 he wrote and presented Surviving Suicide, about his suicide attempt.^[2]

Currently, Robinson rarely performs live, apart from two annual free concerts, known as the Castaway Parties, for members of his mailing list. These take place in South London and Belgium every January. In the Belgian Castaway shows, he introduces many songs in Dutch. The Castaway Parties invariably feature a wide variety of established and unknown artists and groups who have included Show Of Hands, Philip Jeays, Jan Allain, Jakko Jakszyk, Stoney, Roddy Frame, Martyn Joseph, The Bewley Brothers and Paleday alongside personal friends such as Lee Griffiths and T. V. Smith.

Robinson played "2-4-6-8 Motorway" and "Glad to Be Gay" at the BBC introducing stage on the Friday afternoon of the 2011 Glastonbury Festival, after announcing that The Coral would not be showing as they were 'stuck in the mud'.

Personal life[link]

A longtime supporter and former volunteer of London's Gay Switchboard help-line, it was at a 1982 benefit party for the organisation that he met Sue Brearley,^[10] the woman with whom he would eventually live and have two children, and later marry.^[2]

In the mid-1990s, when Robinson became a father, the tabloids ran stories about what they deemed as a sexual orientation change, running headlines such as "Britain's Number One Gay in Love with Girl Biker!" (The Sunday People).^[2] Robinson continued to identify as a gay man, telling an interviewer for the The Guardian: "I have much more sympathy with bisexuals now, but I am absolutely not one."^[2] "Our enemies do not draw the distinction between gay and bisexual", he added.^[2]

In a 1994 interview for the Boston Globe, Robinson asserted, "We've been fighting for tolerance for the last 20 years, and I've campaigned for people to be able to love whoever the hell they want. That's what we're talking about: tolerance and freedom and liberty—life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. So if somebody won't grant me the same tolerance I've been fighting for them, hey, they've got a problem, not me."^[2] In 1996, Robinson released an album Having It Both Ways.^[3] On it he added a verse to "Glad to Be Gay", in which he sings: "Well if gay liberation means freedom for all, a label is no liberation at all. I'm here and I'm queer and do what I do, I'm not going to wear a straitjacket for you."^[11][12] In 1998 his epic about bisexuality, "Blood Brother", won three awards at the Gay & Lesbian American Music Awards in New York.^[3]

Peter Tatchell criticised Vanessa Thorpe's "Glad Not To Be Gay" article about Robinson in The Independent for suggesting the LGBT community would be "shocked and angered" that a gay man would "go straight". He stated: "Tom Robinson has behaved rather commendably, in my view. Ever since the beginning of his relationship with Sue, he has continued to describe himself as "a gay man who happens to be in love with a woman". Who could quarrel with that? I can't."^[10]

Activism[link]

Robinson is a supporter of Amnesty International and Peter Tatchell's OutRage! human rights organisation and a leader of the Rock Against Racism campaign.^[2] He is also an enthusiastic proponent of Apple computers, which he has used extensively since the mid 1980s. In 1999 and 2000, Robinson was involved in a celebrity seminar work for Apple to promote their home video editing software iMovie.

In popular culture[link]

A fictionalised version of Tom Robinson, portrayed by Mathew Baynton, appears in the last episode of the first series of the BBC One drama Ashes to Ashes, as leader at a Gay Liberation Front protest in London. The character is later incarcerated with other protestors by the time-travelling protagonist, Detective Inspector Alex Drake (played by Keeley Hawes) and dismisses her claims that he will one day marry a woman. The scene supposedly takes place on 9 October 1981, precisely fourteen months before the real Robinson met his future wife. The character then leads other protestors in singing a round of "Glad to Be Gay" in the confinement facility, much to Sergeant Viv James' annoyance. "2-4-6-8 Motorway" is also used in the soundtrack during the protest after Detective Sergeant Ray Carling sings a few bars to Alex, who then proceeds to drive a pink tank over a parked Ford Escort which she believes would otherwise have later been used in a car bombing. Robinson's song "War Baby" (which he premiered the night he met his wife) is used in the soundtrack of the third series.

Discography[link]

Over his career, Robinson has released more than twenty albums either as a solo performer or as a member of a group.^[2] He has also released fanclub-only bootlegs known as the Castaway Club series.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Tom Robinson's Official Webpage
• Tom Robinson's Having It Both Ways website
• Robinson's blog on the Guardian
• The Tom Robinson Show
• Now Playing @6Music
• The BBC Introducing Mixtape