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Rinpoche or Rinboqê (Tibetan: རིན་པོ་ཆེ་, Wylie: rin-po-che, ZYPY: Rinboqê) is an honorific used in Tibetan Buddhism. It literally means "precious one,"^[1] and is used to address or describe Tibetan lamas and other high-ranking or respected teachers. This honor is generally bestowed on reincarnated lamas, or Tulkus, by default. In other cases it is earned over time, and often bestowed spontaneously by the teacher's students.

Kang Rinpoche is the Tibetan name of Mount Kailash, sacred to Bön, Hinduism and Jainism as well as Buddhism. Kang is a Tibetan word for "snow peak" analogous to alp or himal.

Guru Rinpoche refers to Padmasambhava, the "Second Buddha", who brought Tantric Buddhism to Tibet.

Je Rinpoche refers to Je Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug School.

In film[link]

The documentary films The Reincarnation of Khensur Rinpoche (1992)^[2] and Unmistaken Child (2008)^[3] document the lengthy procedure of searching for and finding the reincarnation, or tulku, of a Tibetan lama.

The documentary films Tulku (2009)^[4] and My Reincarnation (2010)^[5] document the existence and struggles of Tibetan Buddhist masters who have reincarnated in the West.

See also[link]

• Tulku

References[link]

Sogyal Rinpoche
Religion	Tibetan Buddhism
School	Dzogchen, Nyingma
Personal
Born	1947 Kham, Tibet
Senior posting
Title	Rinpoche
Religious career
Teacher	Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö, Dudjom Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche
Reincarnation	Tertön Sogyal
Students	Patrick Gaffney, Christine Longaker, Charles Tart, Arabella Churchill, Matteo Pistono
Website	www.rigpa.org

Part of a series on Tibetan Buddhism
History
Timeline · Related-topics
Schools
Nyingma · Kagyu · Sakya · Gelug · Bön · Jonang
Key concepts
Three marks of existence · Skandha · Cosmology · Saṃsāra · Rebirth · Bodhisattva · Dharma · Dependent origination · Karma
Major figures
Gautama Buddha · Padmasambhava · Je Tsongkhapa · Dalai Lama · Panchen Lama · Lama · Karmapa Lama · Rinpoche · Geshe · Terton · Tulku
Practices and attainment
Buddhahood · Avalokiteśvara · Four stages of enlightenment · Tantric yoga · Paramitas · Meditation · Laity
Major monasteries
Changzhug · Drepung · Dzogchen · Ganden · Jokhang · Kumbum  · Labrang · Mindroling · Namgyal · Narthang · Nechung · Pabonka · Palcho · Ralung · Ramoche · Sakya · Sanga · Sera · Shalu · Tashilhunpo · Tsurphu · Yerpa
Major festivals
Chotrul Duchen · Dajyur · Losar · Monlam · Sho Dun
Texts
Kangyur · Tengyur · Tibetan canon · Mahayana sutras · Nyingma Gyubum
Art
Sand mandala · Thangka · Ashtamangala · Tree of physiology
Outline  · Comparative studies  · Culture  · List of topics  · Portal
view talk edit

Sogyal Rinpoche (Tibetan: བསོད་རྒྱལ་, Wylie: Bsod-rgyal) (born 1947) is a Tibetan Dzogchen lama of the Nyingma tradition. He has been teaching for over 30 years and continues to travel widely in Europe, America, Australia and Asia.^[1] He is also the founder and spiritual director of Rigpa—an international network of over 100 Buddhist centres and groups in 23 countries around the world—and the author of the best-selling book The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, which has been printed in 30 languages and 56 countries.^[2] He is known for his ability to present his understanding of Tibetan Buddhism using the language of contemporary Western thought.^[3] Significant controversy, due to claims of student abuse have been prominent for much of his career.^[4][5][6][7]

Biography[link]

Early life and education[link]

Rinpoche was born in 1947 into the Lakar family of the Trehor region of Kham, east Tibet.^[8] Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö recognized him as the incarnation of Tertön Sogyal and supervised his education at Dzongsar Monastery.^[9] He studied traditional subjects with several tutors, including Khenpo Appey, who was appointed as his tutor by Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö.^{[9] [10]}

Rinpoche attended a Catholic school in Kalimpong and then university in Delhi before coming to the west.^[11] In 1971, he was granted a place to study comparative religion at Trinity College, Cambridge as a visiting scholar.^[12] He continued to study with many masters, of all schools of Tibetan Buddhism, especially Dudjom Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, and Nyoshul Khenpo Rinpoche.^[13] He first began to translate for Dudjom Rinpoche in Kalimpong in India^[14] and later continued in the role of his translator in Europe and during a tour of the United States.^[15] In 1973 he assisted in organizing the Dalai Lama's first visit to the West in Rome, which included an audience with Pope Paul VI.^[16]

Teaching and establishing Rigpa[link]

Sogyal Rinpoche began to teach in London in 1974. His centre, a house in Kilburn, was originally called Orgyen Chöling. The name later changed to Dzogchen Orgyen Chöling. Dudjom Rinpoche also asked Sogyal Rinpoche to take care of his centre in Rue Burq, Paris, which opened in 1978.^[17] In 1979, Sogyal Rinpoche chose the name Rigpa—the innermost, essential nature of mind—for his work.^[18]

Rigpa soon established an annual schedule of longer seminars, referred to as retreats, with Sogyal Rinpoche and other teachers leading events in France in the summer, California at Thanksgiving, Germany in Winter, followed by Myall Lakes in Australia, and then England at Easter.^[19] The first winter event at Kirchheim in Germany took place in December 1986,^[20] annual retreats in Tiona Park in Australia began in 1989,^[21] and the first Thanksgiving retreat in the US was in Oakland in 1988.^[22]

In 1987, Rinpoche was invited to become spiritual director of the centre in County Cork in the west of Ireland which was to become Dzogchen Beara, Rigpa’s first long-term retreat facility.^[23] In 1991, Sogyal Rinpoche founded the retreat centre of Lerab Ling near Montpellier in southern France. The first three-month retreat was held there in 1992.^[24] A centre in Berlin named Dharma Mati was formally opened in October 2007.^[25]

[edit] The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying

In 1983, Rinpoche met Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, Kenneth Ring and other figures in the caring professions and near-death research, and they encouraged him to develop his work in opening up the Tibetan teachings on death and helping the dying.^[26] Rinpoche continued to teach throughout the world. Then, in 1989 in Nepal, Rinpoche met Andrew Harvey and invited him to help on the project.^[27] About the writing process, co-editor Patrick Gaffney said, "Probably, a book has never been written in such an unusual way."^[27]

The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying was first launched in the United States in September 1992, where it received high acclaim and spent several weeks at the top of the bestseller lists.^[28] It was subsequently released in the United Kingdom, Australia and India, and first translated into German and French. To date, more than two million copies have been printed in 30 languages and 56 countries.^[29]

Conferences and events[link]

Rinpoche is a regular speaker at conferences around the world, addressing topics such as Buddhism in the modern world, death and dying, meditation and happiness. In 2004, he served as a keynote speaker at the Parliament of the World's Religions, where over 8,000 religious leaders and lay people gathered in Barcelona in Spain to discuss the issues of religious violence, access to safe water, the fate of refugees worldwide, and the elimination of developing countries' debts.^[30] In August 2008 he joined Robert Thurman at the Aspen Institute in Aspen, Colorado, to speak about "Tibet’s Unique Buddhist Heritage" as part of a symposium called "His Holiness the Dalai Lama at Aspen: A Celebration of Tibetan Culture", organized jointly with the Conservancy for Tibetan Art and Culture.^[31] In October 2010 he gave a keynote speech on "Tibetan Buddhism in Modern Western Culture" at the International Conference on Tibetan Buddhism held at Emory University.^[32] In 2011, he was a keynote speaker and participant in the Global Buddhist Congregation in Delhi which brought together “religious, spiritual and world leaders, as well as 800 scholars, delegates and observers from 32 countries.”^[33] The goal was to examine both the capacity and the resilience of Buddhism to engage with the most pressing concerns of the modern world, namely violence, social and economic disparity, environmental degradation and discord between and within communities and nations” and “to contribute to cultivating and fostering peace, harmony, co-existence and a shared responsibility amidst the diversity of cultures, communities and nations.”^[33] In 2012, he was a keynote speaker at the Happiness and Its Causes conference in Sydney.^[34]

In the East[link]

Sogyal Rinpoche performing an empowerment ritual in Bhutan

Rinpoche teaches regularly in India, especially in Delhi at the Foundation for Universal Responsibility of His Holiness the Dalai Lama.^[35] He also teaches in the Himalayan regions of Sikkim, where he lived for part of his childhood, and Bhutan. He has been teaching annually in Bhutan since 2007 and his teachings are regularly shown on television there.^[36] The first Prime Minister of Bhutan and champion of its philosophy of Gross National Happiness, Lyonchen Jigme Yoser Thinley, regularly attends Rinpoche’s teachings.^[37] Sogyal Rinpoche has said that he decided to make teaching in Bhutan a priority since it is the only remaining independent Vajrayana Buddhist country in the world. He also said that “today’s younger generation in the Himalayan region needed to understand the Dharma in a practical way” and that “understanding the Dharma in a real way is an important and integral part of the development of Bhutan.”^[38]

In 1998, Rinpoche was formally offered the throne of Tertön Sogyal's home monastery in Tibet, Kalzang Monastery, by the abbot, Sherab Özer Rinpoche, in a ceremony in France.^[39]

Teaching[link]

According to Stephen Batchelor, Sogyal Rinpoche "is known for his sense of humour, indefatigable energy, forthrightness and periodic eccentricity."^[3] In his teachings, he often focuses on the Buddhist understanding of the mind, and what is known in the Tibetan tradition as the nature of mind, pristine awareness or rigpa, along with meditation as a means for ultimately realizing the nature of mind. Another common topic is death and dying, which is one of the main themes of his book, “The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying”.

In what he sees as a continuation of the non-sectarian Rimé (Tib. ris med) movement, which rose to prominence in eastern Tibet in the nineteenth century, he frequently refers to teachings of all Tibetan traditions, and also quotes from non-Tibetan sources, such as the Dhammapada,^[40] and teachers belonging to other traditions such as the Zen master, Shunryu Suzuki.^[41] He wrote:

I feel there is an intriguing parallel between the extraordinary richness of the spiritual culture of Tibet at the time of the great pioneers of this Rimé movement, like Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamgön Kongtrul, and the great variety of lineages we find in the West today. In some ways the Rimé vision offers a model of how the Dharma must continue in the West and in America, with total respect for our separate authentic traditions, and yet with an eye to the creativity and resourcefulness of different branches of Buddha-dharma as they have settled into the American landscape. We can all inspire, help, and network with one another, yet without confusion or inappropriate mixing of our traditions.^[42]

Rinpoche likes to recount stories of his own teachers and to stress the importance of devotion, often quoting Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, who said, "Devotion is the essence of the path."^[43] Still, according to Charles Tart, he "encourages his students to direct their devotion toward his teachers rather than toward him personally, even though most of Tibetan Buddhism puts tremendous emphasis on devotion towards one's teacher."^[44]

Controversy[link]

In 1994, a $10 million^[4] civil lawsuit was filed against Sogyal Rinpoche. It was alleged that he had used his position as a spiritual leader to induce one of his female students to have sexual relations with him. The complaint included accusations of infliction of emotional distress, breach of fiduciary duty, as well as assault and battery.^[45][46] The lawsuit was settled out of court. Related allegations flared up again later introduced by journalist Mary Finnigan, who was also the main author of the original article in 1995.^[47][48][49]

Rinpoche teaching in Lerab Ling, France, 2006

On 23 May 2011, an episode of the documentary series Sex Scandals In Religion, titled "In the Name of Enlightenment", aired on Vision TV, the Canadian-based television network.^[50][51] It was an investigative look at allegations made by two women that they had first-hand experiences of sexual inappropriateness from Sogyal Rinpoche. Prominent Buddhists Stephen Batchelor and Martine Batchelor were interviewed for the program, giving insight into how they believed these abuses were able to occur.^[52][53] Rigpa stated that they have only seen Sogyal Rinpoche act for the benefit of other people and with their best interests at heart, however there was no denial of the allegations made in their official statement.^[54]

Films and documentaries[link]

Sogyal Rinpoche appeared in Bernardo Bertolucci's 1993 film Little Buddha in the role of Kenpo Tenzin.^[55] He featured in Frank Cvitanovich's The Making of a Modern Mystic, made for the BBC in 1993.^[56] He was also the subject of a documentary by German filmmaker Boris Penth called Sogyal Rinpoche: Ancient Wisdom for the Modern World (Mitgefühl, Weisheit und Humor), which includes interviews with John Cleese and former Tibetan prime minister Samdhong Rinpoche.^[57] It was shown at the International Buddhist Film Festival in London in 1999 and in other film festivals around the world.^[58] He is also featured in Sasha Meyerowitz's 2008 documentary Teachings on Milarepa.^[59]

Publications[link]

Books[link]

• Sogyal Rinpoche, The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, ISBN 0-06-250834-2
• Sogyal Rinpoche, Dzogchen and Padmasambhava, Rigpa Publications, 1990, ISBN 0-9624884-0-2
• Sogyal Rinpoche, Glimpse After Glimpse, ISBN 0-7126-6237-5, ISBN 978-0-7126-6237-6
• Sogyal Rinpoche, The Future of Buddhism, Rider & Co, 2002, ISBN 0-7126-1564-4

Articles and contributions[link]

• Himalaya: Personal Stories of Grandeur, Challenge and Hope, National Geographic Books, 2006
• Jonathon Cott, On the Sea of Memory: A Journey from Forgetting to Remembering, Random House, 2005, ISBN 1-4000-6058-3
• Reginald A. Ray (ed.), The Pocket Tibetan Buddhist Reader, Shambhala Publications, Boston, Mass. 2004, ISBN 1-57062-851-3
• Kathryn Meeske (Author), Sandra Scales (Photographer), Sacred Voices of the Nyingma Masters, Padma Publishing, California, 2004, ISBN 1-881847-35-7
• Charles A. Tart, Living a Mindful Life, A Handbook for Living in the Present Moment, Shambhala Publications, Boston, Mass. 1994, ISBN 978-1-57062-003-4

Forewords and introductions[link]

• Dilgo Khyentse; Ani Jinpa Palmo (trans), 2008. Brilliant Moon: The Autobiography of Dilgo Khyentse. Shambhala. ISBN 978-1-59030-284-2.
• the Dalai Lama, Mind in Comfort and Ease, Wisdom Publications, 2007, ISBN 0-86171-493-8
• Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Blazing Splendor: The Memoirs of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, North Atlantic Books, 2005, ISBN 962-7341-56-8
• Don Farber, Portraits of Tibetan Buddhist Masters, University of California Press 2005, ISBN 0-520-23973-3
• Nyoshul Khenpo Jamyang Dorje (translated by Richard Barron), A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems: Biographies of Masters of Awareness in the Dzogchen Lineage (A Spiritual History of the Teachings on Natural Great Perfection), Padma Publications, 2005, ISBN 1-881847-41-1
• Tsoknyi Rinpoche, Fearless Simplicity: The Dzogchen Way of Living Freely in a Complex World, Rangjung Yeshe Publications, Nepal, 2003, ISBN 962-7341-48-7
• the Dalai Lama, Dzogchen: The Heart Essence of the Great Perfection, Snow Lion Publications, 2000, ISBN 1-55939-219-3
• Khenpo Namdrol The Practice of Vajrakilaya, Snow Lion Publications, 1999, ISBN 1-55939-103-0
• Christine Longaker, Facing Death and Finding Hope: A Guide to the Emotional and Spiritual Care of the Dying, Arrow Books, 1998, ISBN 0-09-917692-0
• Mordicai Gerstein, The Mountains of Tibet, Harper Trophy, 1989, ISBN 0-06-443211-4

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sogyal Rinpoche

• Official biography of Sogyal Rinpoche
• Lotsawa House biography of Sogyal Rinpoche
• Sogyal Rinpoche - Rigpa Wiki
• Buddhist Masters and Their Organisations: Sogyal Rinpoche
• Trailer for Cogent/Benger Productions Sex Scandals in Religion documentary about Sogyal Rinpoche

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Kalu Rinpoche
Kalu Rinpoche in 1987 at Kagyu Rintchen Tcheu Ling in Montpellier, France
Religion	Vajrayana, Karma Kagyu
Personal
Nationality	Tibetan
Born	c. 1905 Kham, Eastern Tibet
Died	May 10, 1989 (age 84) Kham, Eastern Tibet
Senior posting
Title	Rinpoche

Kyabje Kalu Rinpoche (1905 – May 10, 1989) was a Buddhist monk, meditation master, scholar and teacher. He was one of the first Tibetan masters to teach in the West.

Early life and teachers[link]

Kalu Rinpoche was born in 1905 during the Female Wood Snake year of the Tibetan lunar calendar in the district of Treshö Gang chi Rawa in the Hor region of Kham, Eastern Tibet.

When Kalu Rinpoche was fifteen years old, he was sent to begin his higher studies at the monastery of Palpung, the foremost center of the Karma Kagyu school. He remained there for more than a decade, during which time he mastered the vast body of teaching that forms the philosophical basis of Buddhist practice, and completed two three-year retreats.

At about the age of twenty-five, Rinpoche left Palpung to pursue the life of a solitary yogi in the woods of the Khampa countryside. For nearly fifteen years, he strove to perfect his realization of all aspects of the teachings and he became renowned in the villages and among the nomads as a representative of the Bodhisattva path.

Teaching activity in Tibet[link]

Kalu Rinpoche returned to Palpung to receive final teachings from Drupon Norbu Dondrup, who entrusted him with the rare transmission of the teaching of the Shangpa Kagyu. At the order of Situ Rinpoche, he was appointed Vajra Master of the great meditation hall of Palpung Monastery, where for many years he gave empowerments and teachings.

During the 1940s, Kalu Rinpoche visited central Tibet with the party of Situ Rinpoche, and there he taught extensively. His disciples included the Reting Rinpoche, regent of Tibet during the infancy of the Fourteenth Dalai Lama.

Returning to Kham, Kalu Rinpoche became the abbot of the meditation center associated with Palpung and the meditation teacher of the Sixteenth Gyalwa Karmapa. He remained in that position until the situation in Tibet forced him into exile in India.

In exile[link]

In the late 1960s Kalu Rinpoche began to attract Western disciples in India. By the 1970s, he was teaching extensively in the Americas and Europe, and during his three visits to the West he founded teaching centers in over a dozen countries. In France, he established the first retreat center to teach the traditional three-year retreats of the Shangpa and Karma Kagyu lineages to Western students. On request of Shoko Asahara, founder of Japan's controversial Buddhist group Aum Shinrikyo, Kalu Rinpoche lectured to his followers in a number of Japanese cities.^[1] The group was more mainstream at that time and had casual ties to a number of prominent Tibetan lamas, including the Dalai Lama.

Controversy[link]

June Campbell, a former Kagyu nun who is an academic feminist, acted as Kalu Rinpoche's translator for several years. In her book Traveller in Space: Gender, Identity and Tibetan Buddhism^[2] she writes that he subjected her to an abusive sexual relationship which he told her was tantric spiritual practice. She raises the same theme in a number of interviews, including one with Tricycle magazine in 1996.^[3]

Second Kalu Rinpoche[link]

At 3:00 P. M., Wednesday, May 10, 1989, Kyabje Kalu Rinpoche died at his monastery in Sonada. On September 17, 1990 Rinpoche's Tulku was born in Darjeeling, India to Lama Gyaltsen and his wife Drolkar. Lama Gyaltsen, had served since his youth as his secretary.

Chamgon Tai Situ Rinpoche officially recognized Kalu Rinpoche’s yangsi (young reincarnation) on March 25, 1992, explaining that he had received definite signs from Kalu Rinpoche himself. Situ Rinpoche sent a letter of recognition with Lama Gyaltsen to the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, who immediately confirmed the recognition.^[4]

On February 28, 1993, Yangsi Kalu Rinpoche was enthroned at Samdrup Tarjayling. Chamgon Tai Situ Rinpoche and Goshir Gyaltsap Rinpoche presided over the ceremony, assisted by Kalu Rinpoche’s heart-son, Bokar Rinpoche. Situ Rinpoche performed the hair-cutting ceremony and bestowed on the young tulku the name Karma Ngedön Tenpay Gyaltsen —Victory Banner of the Teachings of the True Meaning. He is now known as the Second Kalu Rinpoche. (Note that the USA Kagyu organization, Karma Triyana Dharmachakra, recognizes Yangsi Kalu Rinpoche (1990 to present) as the THIRD Kalu Rinpoche; and Kyabje Kalu Rinpoche is listed as the SECOND Kalu Rinpoche.^[5])

In the fall of 2011, Kalu Yangsi gave a talk at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.^[6] At the end of the talk, a student in the audience asked him to comment on the prevalence of sexual abuse of children in the west. Kalu paused, then broke down in tears and revealed for the first time that he had been sexually molested from the age of 10 to 12 by the monks in charge of his education. The video on YouTube ^[7] was done so that the story would not become unsubstantiated gossip.

Bibliography[link]

• Foundations of Tibetan Buddhism, Snow Lion Publications, 2004, ISBN 1-55939-212-6
• Luminous Mind : Fundamentals of Spiritual Practice, Wisdom Publications, 1996, ISBN 0-86171-118-1
• Gently Whispered: Oral Teachings by the Very Venerable Kalu Rinpoche, Station Hill Press, 1995, ISBN 0-88268-153-2
• Excellent Buddhism: An Exemplary Life, Clearpoint Press, 1995, ISBN 0-9630371-4-5
• Profound Buddhism: From Hinayana to Vajrayana, Clearpoint Press, 1995, ISBN 0-9630371-5-3
• The Dharma: That Illuminates All Beings Like the Light of the Sun and the Moon, State University of New York Press, 1986, ISBN 0-88706-157-5
• The Gem Ornament of Manifold Oral Instructions Which Benefits Each and Everyone Appropriately Snow Lion, 1987, ISBN 0-937938-59-9

See also[link]

• Buddhism in America
• Salugara Monastery

Notes[link]

1. ^ Kalu Rinpoche lectured in a number of Japanese cities
2. ^ Campbell, June (1996). Traveler in Space: In Search of Female Identity in Tibetan Buddhism. New York: George Braziller. ISBN 0-485-11494-1. 
   For a review of the book, see Lang, Karen (1997). "A Review of Traveler in Space: In Search of Female Identity in Tibetan Buddhism". Journal of Buddhist Ethics. ISSN 1076-9005. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080907233657/http://www.buddhistethics.org/4/lang2.html. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
3. ^ The Emperor's Tantric Robes: An Interview with June Campbell on Codes of Secrecy and Silence
4. ^ "His Eminence Kalu Rinpoche". http://hiseminencekalurinpoche.org/Yangsi.html. Retrieved 2010-09-04. 
5. ^ Kagyu Lineage Teachers
6. ^ Program of Yangsi Kalu Rinpoche visit in Vancouver
7. ^ Yangsi Kalu Rinpoche Confession

References[link]