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Somnolence (or "drowsiness") is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (cf. hypersomnia). It has two distinct meanings, referring both to the usual state preceding falling asleep ^[1], and the chronic condition referring to being in that state independent of a circadian rhythm. "Somnolence" is derived from the Latin "somnus" meaning "sleep."

Hazards[link]

Sleepiness can be dangerous when performing tasks that require constant concentration, such as driving a vehicle. When a person is sufficiently fatigued, he or she may experience microsleeps.

Illness[link]

The human body can become sleepy in response to infection.^[2] Such somnolence is one of several sickness behaviors or reactions to infection that some theorize evolved to promote recovery by conserving energy while the body fights the infection using fever and other means.^[3][4]

Associated conditions[link]

• advanced sleep phase syndrome
• Alice in Wonderland syndrome
• brain edema
• cerebral hypoxia
• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• clinical depression, especially seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
• dehydration, due to overall decrease in blood pressure
• delayed sleep phase syndrome
• diabetes – ketoacidosis as example, but not balanced diabetes mellitus
• encephalitis – (viral, bacterial or other agents)
• epilepsy – after seizure
• hydrocephalus
• hyperparathyroidism
• hypothermia
• hypothyroidism
• infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
• intracranial hemorrhage such as due to ruptured aneurysm
• increased intracranial pressure; for example, due to brain tumors
• Lyme disease (borreliosis)
• medications
  • analgesics – mostly prescribed or illicit opiates such as OxyContin or heroin
  • anticonvulsants / antiepileptics – such as phenytoin (Dilantin), carbamazepine (Tegretol), lamotrigine (Lamictal), Lyrica (pregbalin), Gabapentin
  • antidepressants – for instance, sertraline, venlafaxine and fluoxetine
  • antihistamines – for instance, diphenhydramine(Benadryl) and doxylamine(Unisom-2)
  • antipsychotics – for example, thioridazine, quetiapine, olanzapine (Zyprexa) and Geodon but not haloperidol
  • dopamine agonists used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease – e.g. pergolide, ropinirole and pramipexole.
  • HIV medications – for example, Sustiva and efavirenz
  • hypertension medications – such as amlodipine
  • tranquilizers / hypnotics – especially benzodiazepines such as temazepam (Restoril) or nitrazepam (Mogadon), and barbiturates, such as amobarbital (Amytal) or secobarbital (Seconal)
  • other agents impacting the central nervous system in sufficient or toxic doses
• narcolepsy
• sickness behavior
• sleep apnea
• sleep deprivation / insomnia
• starvation
• stroke
• traumatic brain injury
• trypanosomiasis ("sleeping sickness")

See also[link]

Look up somnolence or drowsiness in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• Decision fatigue
• Insomnia
• Hypersomnia
• Dyssomnia
• Fatigue (physical)
• Postprandial somnolence
• Restless legs syndrome
• Periodic limb movement
• Later stages of Hepatic Encephalopathy

References[link]

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Lisa Ray
Ray being interviewed on The Hour
Born	Lisa Ray (1972-04-04) 4 April 1972 (age 40) Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Occupation	Actress, model
Years active	2001 – present
Website
http://lisaraniray.com/

Lisa Ray, born 4 April 1972,^[1] is a Canadian actress, model, host, philanthropist and social activist.

Early life[link]

Lisa Ray was born in Toronto to a Hindu Bengali Indian father and a Polish mother and grew up in the suburb of Etobicoke.^[2] She excelled academically, doing five years of high school in four, while attending three different high schools: Etobicoke Collegiate Institute, Richview Collegiate Institute and Silverthorn Collegiate Institute.^[3]

She spoke Polish to her maternal grandmother and watched movies of Federico Fellini and Satyajit Ray with her cinephile dad.^[2] Ray was spotted by an agent in a crowd during a family vacation in India when she was 16, when she began modelling.

Career[link]

1987-2000[link]

Lisa Ray came to public attention when she appeared in an advertisement for Bombay Dyeing wearing a high-cut black swimsuit, ^[4] opposite Karan Kapoor.^[5] Subsequently, she returned to Canada to attend university to study journalism, but a car injury which injured her mother derailed those plans. Instead, she returned to India where she appeared on the cover of Glad Rags wearing a red [Baywatch]]-style swimsuit. The sensation that caused led to more magazine covers, spokesperson deals and a job as host of her own show-business program. A Times of India poll named her the "ninth most beautiful woman of the millennium," the only model in the top ten^[3]. She also anchored a TV show Star Biz on Star Movies with actor/model Kelly Dorji.

Ray made her cinematic debut in 1994 in the Tamil film Nethaji opposite actor Sarath Kumar where she appeared in a brief role. Later she acted in a Telugu film Takkari Donga opposite Mahesh Babu.

In 1996, Ray appeared in the famous song "Afreen Afreen" by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and appeared in the song "Har Taraf Tera Jalwa" by Daler Mehndi in 1998.

Ray became the enduring brand ambassador for Rado Watches in India.

2001-2009[link]

After turning down a number of roles^[6], Ray made her Bollywood debut with the film Kasoor in 2001 opposite Aftab Shivdasani^[5] where her voice was dubbed by Divya Dutta as she could not speak Hindi.^[7]. Her work in that film caught the eye of Deepa Mehta who cast Ray in the romantic Indian-Canadian romp, Bollywood/Hollywood in 2002. ^[2]

In 2005, Ray worked again with Mehta in the Oscar-nominated film, Water where she spoke her lines in Hindi although her voice was dubbed in the final cut^[7]. Since then Ray has worked in productions from Canada, Europe and the United States. Past roles include a farm girl in All Hat, a school teacher in A Stone's Throw a housewife in 1950s apartheid South Africa in The World Unseen and a Christian-Arab lesbian in the humorously titled I Can't Think Straight directed by Shamim Sarif.

In 2007, Ray completed filming for Kill Kill Faster Faster, which is a contemporary film noir inspired by the critically acclaimed novel of the same name by Joel Rose. She appeared in a few uninhibited sex scenes, "something unheard of for an artist from India." ^[8]

In 2009, Ray was named ‘Trailblazer’ at the Reelworld Film Festival and featured as one of the ’50 Most Beautiful People’ of the country in the Canadian edition of Hello Magazine May 2009 issue.

Ray guest starred in USA Network series Psych, which was directed by Jay Chandrasekhar, which aired on 30 November 2009 and also appeared in a guest role of a reporter, Dominique Ball, in the recent Woody Harrelson movie Defendor.

Ray attended the Toronto International Film Festival in support of her work in Cooking with Stella. In thi s event, Ray revealed she had incurable cancer and shared diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma with media and the public. At the same time, Ray started an acclaimed blog, The Yellow Diaries, chronicling her cancer experience.

"I believe it can be cured," Ray wrote on her blog. "That's the Dirty Realist in me... I'm getting better. My prognosis, given my 'junior' status and stage of disease, is very good. I'm aiming for full remission."

Ray went on to help raise funds for the establishment of the first research chair for Multiple Myeloma at Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto and took part in Plan Canada’s Because I Am A Girl campaign, a global movement that fights for the rights of girls around the world who face discrimination because of their gender and age.

On Christmas of 2009, Ray embraced her stem cell transplant to treat her rare cancer.

2010-present[link]

In April 2010, Ray announced she was cancer-free following a stem cell transplant. Ray gave a candid interview on her personal cancer trauma and surviving it, appearing on the cover of the 2010 anniversary issue of the Indian men's luxury magazine The Man.

Ray was seen in UniGlobe Entertainment's cancer docu-drama titled 1 a Minute scheduled for release in 2010^[9]. The documentary was made by Namrata Singh Gujral and also featured cancer survivors Olivia Newton-John, Diahann Carroll, Melissa Etheridge, Mumtaz and Jaclyn Smith as well as William Baldwin, Daniel Baldwin and Priya Dutt, whose lives have been touched by cancer. The feature was narrated by Kelly McGillis. It also stared Bárbara Mori, Deepak Chopra and Morgan Brittany.

On November 16 2010, TLC India announced to film a 5-part new series, Oh My Gold (OMG), with Lisa Ray and premiered in 2011. The series Oh My Gold was set against the cultural yet contemporary backdrop of India. Uncovering the beauty of various cities, Ray played both a host and a travel guide.

Ray has since become an outspoken advocate for stem cell technology, recording a PSA for the McEwan Centre for Regenerative Medicine and completed a national media tour in Canada for Multiple Myeloma called Making Myeloma Matter in early 2011 to raise public awareness.

In 2011, Ray act in acclaimed stage play, Taj opposite Kabir Bedi in Luminato^[10] and was at Taj Mahal and Estee Lauder Breast Cancer event to spread awareness about breast cancer.

On July 5 2011, Ray was honored to be a host of the informal lunch for Queen Elizabeth 's visit to Toronto. Ray also host the 2011 International Indian Film Academy IIFA Rocks fashion and music event, as well as a presenter at the IIFA Awards and 2011 Giller Prize.

On November 15 2011, Ray announced that she had been named to host season two of Top Chef Canada^[11] which is Food Network Canada’s top-rated series and the show is premiered in March 2012.

Ray has one TV series Endgame and one film Patch Town released in 2011, Also guest starred in Canadian drama television series Murdoch Mysteries, which aired on Apr. 12, 2011.

On 18 May 2012, Craig Goodwill announced that Lisa Ray are starring in his Boy Toy^[12], a fantasy drama based on Goodwill’s short film Patch Town. Boy Toy begins shooting in Toronto in November 2012.

Personal life[link]

She was diagnosed with multiple myeloma on 23 June 2009, a cancer of the white blood cells known as plasma cells, which produce antibodies. It is a rare disease.^[7][13] In April 2010, she announced she was cancer-free following a stem cell transplant.^[14] In February 2012 she announced her engagement to management consultant Jason Dehni.^[15]

Awards[link]

• Voted Star of the Future at the 2002 Toronto International Film Festival,^[16]
• Top Ten most Beautiful Indian Woman of the Millenium by the Times of India
• Won the Best Actress in a Canadian film for Water by the Vancouver Critics Circle^[17]
• Won 'Voice Achievers Award for 2009' for outstanding contribution in fields of film, trade, literature and sports^[18]
• Named one of Canada's 50 Most Beautiful Stars in Hello Canada's May 2009 issue.^[19]
• Honored with Fortis Lisa Ray Award for Conquering Cancer in 2010^[20]
• Honored with a Special Achievement Award at Miss India-Canada 2011^[21]
• Named one of Canada's 50 Most Beautiful Stars in Hello Canada's May 2012 issue.^[22]
• Light of India awards 2012, nominated in arts and entertainment.^[23]
  

Philanthropy[link]

• 2009 : 5K Your Way Walk/Run, MMWalk for the Cure
• 2009 : Plan Canada’s ‘Because I Am A Girl’ campaign
• 2010 : Plan Canada’s ‘Because I Am A Girl’ campaign
• 2010 : "1 a Minute" , to inspire women and give them hope
• 2010 : Estee Lauder Breast Cancer Awareness^[24]
• 2011 : ‘Make Myeloma Matter’ media campaign^[25]
• 2011 : Artbound , in support of Free The Children
• 2011 : GIRL 20 SUMMIT
• 2012 : BE FAIR 2 RARE
• 2012 : Wellspring Cancer 'Graduate' Fashion show
• 2012 : “Rhythm and Soul”-THE SPARK GALA 2012, to Ignite A Child's Potential^[26]
  

Filmography[link]

Film & TV series[link]

All are English language films unless otherwise noted.

TV Show[link]

Theatre[link]

Magazine cover photo[link]

MV[link]

Ambassador[link]

• Brand ambassador of Rado (watches) in India
  
  

See also[link]

• List of Canadian actors
• List of Indian film actresses
  
  

References[link]

External links[link]

• Lisa Ray at the Internet Movie Database
• GlamSham article
• Lisa Ray back with a bang