Look up everyone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Everyone may refer to:

• Everyone (album), a 2006 album by Reuben Morgan
• Everyone (Olympics song), official theme song of the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics held in Singapore
• Everyone (Van Morrison song), a 1970 song by Van Morrison
• Everyone, a rating from the Entertainment Software Rating Board for video games
• Everyone (film), a 2004 Canadian film directed by Bill Marchant
• Several episodes of the UK TV series Skins
  • "Everyone", episode 9 of series 1
  • "Everyone", episode 1 of series 3
  • "Everyone", episode 8 of series 4
  • "Everyone", episode 8 of series 5
  • "Everyone", episode 1 of series 6

See also[link]

• Everybody (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Shakin' Stevens
Background information
Also known as	Michael Barratt "Shaky"
Born	(1948-03-04) 4 March 1948 (age 64) Ely, Cardiff, Wales
Genres	Rock and roll
Years active	1968–present
Labels	Epic
Associated acts	The Sunsets

Shakin' Stevens, also known as "Shaky" (born Michael Barratt, 4 March 1948) is a platinum-selling Welsh rock and roll singer and songwriter who holds the distinction of being the UK's biggest-selling singles artist of the 1980s.^[1] His recording and performing career began in the late 1960s, although it was not until 1980 that he saw commercial success in his native land. In the UK alone, Stevens has charted 33 Top 40 hit singles.

Biography[link]

Early days[link]

Michael Barratt, who would adopt the stage name Shakin' Stevens, was the youngest of 11 children born in Ely, a suburb on the outskirts of Cardiff in South Wales to Jack and May Barratt. His father was a First World War veteran who by 1948 was working in the building trade. The oldest of his siblings were born in the later part of the 1920s, and by the time of his birth some of them were already married and had children of their own. Jack Barratt died in 1972 at the age of 75, while May survived until 1984 and the age of 79.^[2][3]

Shaky married his wife Carole on 7 October 1967 and they have three children. At the time of their marriage, his official occupation was a milkman, and they lived in a flat which formed part of an office block in inner-city Cardiff. The office block was demolished several years later.^[2]

As a teenager in the mid 1960s Stevens formed his first amateur rock and roll band with school friends and became its vocalist and frontman. Originally named The Olympics, then The Cossacks, the short-lived band finally renamed as The Denims and performed gigs in the local Cardiff and South Wales area.

In the late 1960s Stevens was associated with the Young Communist League (YCL), the youth wing of the Communist Party of Great Britain - playing at YCL events. At the time the YCL was associated with several leading music industry figures, including Pete Townshend.^[4]

He is a lifelong supporter of his local football team Cardiff City F.C.^[5]

The Sunsets[link]

He began his professional performing career during 1968, fronting Shakin' Stevens and the Sunsets, created and managed by South Wales rock and roll promoter and impresario Paul 'Legs' Barrett (no relation). The Sunsets were a 1950s-influenced rock'n'roll outfit from Penarth, South Glamorgan that had evolved from a band, previously called The Backbeats since 1958,^[6] who invited Stevens to join them after he had been an avid fan of the band for several years and occasionally hopped on stage to do a guest vocal.

An early break for Shaky and the band presented itself when they were given a support slot for The Rolling Stones in December 1969. Despite landing a recording contract with Parlophone Records the following year and releasing a Dave Edmunds-produced album, the optimistically and prematurely titled A Legend, the band found success hard to come by, at least in their native Great Britain, though they had several hit singles in other countries. The band toured Germany and the Netherlands in between regular UK dates.

"Elvis!" and a hit record[link]

In 1977, after seven years of constant touring and recording, Shaky had been spotted during a London Sunset's gig by Jack Good who personally invited him to attend a London audition for his planned new West End "Elvis!" musical. Three actors were to portray Elvis's life during the course of the show and Shaky landed one of the lead roles, playing Elvis in his prime charting, army and movie star years, with young actor Tim Whitnall covering the earlier formative years and veteran 1960s singer P J Proby taking over the part for Elvis's 'Las Vegas' years.^[7]

The rest of the Sunsets waited in South Wales, doing occasional performances with drummer Robert 'Rockin Louis' Llewellyn taking the frontman duties, but fully expecting Shaky to return to the band and recommence touring after the show's planned short six month run. However, the expectations were overtaken by subsequent events. The media-wise Good made sure that both the audition process and the early months of the show were widely and regularly covered by the British daily press and TV shows. The photogenic Shakin' Stevens came to such prominence that almost overnight all age groups of the UK population knew who he was. During the "Elvis!" show's highly successful and then twice-extended two-year run Shaky made regular TV appearances, firstly on Good's revived British ITV show Oh Boy and later on his follow-up 30-week-long series Let's Rock that was syndicated in thirty two countries including the United States. This led almost inevitably to his first major chart success with a cleverly reworked version of a Buck Owens song "Hot Dog", which Owens would re-record using Stevens's arrangement, which had been created by pedal steel guitar player B.J. Cole.^[2]

The 1980s and 1990s[link]

In late 1979, Shaky signed what was to be his most successful management deal with music industry doyenne Freya Miller, who immediately advised Stevens to sever his association with The Sunsets and continue developing a more lucrative solo career. Under Miller's deft hand, in 1981, Shaky scored his first UK chart topping number 1 with "This Ole House" and would follow up with ten more songs reaching the top five, including three number 1 hits with "Green Door", "Oh Julie" and "Merry Christmas Everyone", while "You Drive Me Crazy" and "A Love Worth Waiting For" reached number 2 in 1981 and 1984 respectively. His 1984 hit "Teardrops", which reached #5 in the UK, featured Hank B. Marvin on guitar and Stevens has often featured famous musicians such as Albert Lee, Roger Taylor, Bonnie Tyler and more recently Tony Joe White on his recordings. Chart successes also included his album Shaky reaching number 1 in the UK Albums Chart. In the mid 1980s, Stevens reunited with former producer Dave Edmunds to record an album Lipstick, Powder and Paint, and the Christmas smash "Merry Christmas Everyone", which was a number 1 hit in 1985. Its original planned release was put back by a year to avoid clashing with the runaway success of Band Aid's charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?", to which he did not contribute, having been out of the country touring at the time of recording. Despite Stevens's chart domination over the previous few years, he was not invited to perform at Live Aid on 13 July 1985.^[2] That year he became the first artist to appear 50 times on Top of the Pops.

In a Record Collector magazine feature, writer Kris Griffiths wrote: "This was Shaky at the very zenith of his powers and, perhaps, the breaking-point of marketing overload from which there is only decline. Such concentrated commercial success and ubiquity came with a price." ^[8] The hits continued but chart placings declined throughout the later 1980s and early 1990s. It was in the 1990s that Stevens took a lengthy break from recording and was stung by a court ruling, relating to unpaid royalties from the Legend album which had been re-released to some commercial success, requiring a substantial payout to former band members of the Sunsets. In 1999, Shaky returned to performing live and undertook tours all that year and the following year.

The 2000s[link]

Stevens hit a low point in January 2002 when he was very publicly convicted of a drink-driving charge and banned from driving for two years,^[9] but in 2004 things started to look up again when he had a further platinum CD / DVD album in Denmark and a gold album in South Africa.

In the sitcom I'm Alan Partridge, Stevens's fictional endorsement of Partridge's book Bouncing Back - in which he described it as "lovely stuff" - was supposedly critical to its success.

In 2005, he returned once again to the charts in the United Kingdom, with his greatest hits album The Collection, which reached the UK top 5. That year, he also appeared in the video to Tony Christie's and Peter Kay's #1 hit single "Is This the Way to Amarillo", alongside many other UK stars, including Ronnie Corbett, Jim Bowen, Michael Parkinson and Geoffrey Hayes. He was the winner on the reality television show, Hit Me Baby One More Time. This was quickly followed by a re-release of his cover and his own biggest hit sung in the show, ("Trouble" covering Pink's version) / "This Ole House"), which reached #20 on the UK Singles Chart in June 2005, his 33rd Top 40 hit in the United Kingdom.^[2]

Present day[link]

In May 2007, Stevens released a new album entitled Now Listen with the album being released first in Denmark. In December 2007, Stevens re-entered the UK charts with a re-issue of "Merry Christmas Everyone" twenty two years after its original launch, reaching a UK chart position of 22. Merry Christmas Everyone has re-entered the UK chart every year since on downloads.

Chris Evans featured a special Shaky Week on his Radio 2 show during early March 2008 to celebrate Stevens's 60th birthday and later in 2008, despite his aging years, Shaky embarked on a string of major concerts in the UK and Europe that started at Lulworth Castle on 4 July. On 24 August 2008 Shakin' Stevens performed at a major concert in Poland featuring many European pop stars of the 1980s, including Kim Wilde, Thomas Anders (ex-Modern Talking), Samantha Fox, Sandra Cretu, Sabrina Salerno and Limahl. The concert formed a part of the Sopot International Song Festival 2008 and was presented live on the Polish television channel TVN. To wind up 2008 Stevens followed his European tour with a short tour of Ireland and an appearance at London's O2 Arena, supported by a ten-piece band. His appearances in 2009 opened with a tour of Poland to coincide with the Polish release of the Now Listen album.^{[citation needed]}

In mid July 2006, Shaky took to the stage at an open air concert 'The Big Buzz' in Swansea, Wales. He was top of the bill, and performed a repertoire of his hits, including "Oh Julie", "Marie Marie" and "Turning Away". He also performed two songs from his most recent album, Now Listen ("Now Listen" and "Baby It's You"). The concert also featured Dave Edmunds and was broadcast live on BBC Radio Wales.^{[citation needed]}

Stevens's original band The Sunsets have continued to perform regularly over the years without him and still tour annually in the UK, Europe and Australia with a show of authentic vintage rock and roll. In recent years the band has been fronted by Shaky's younger nephew, Levi Barrett.^[10]

In April 2008, it was announced that Shakin' Stevens would be performing at 2008's Glastonbury Festival as the opening act on the Pyramid stage on Saturday 28 June, which he did, opening the day at 11am to a capacity crowd - several hours before the BBC started to film the day's performers for broadcast, although Stevens' performance still received media attention.^[11] On 8 December 2009 Shaky played a one - off gig at the O2 Academy Islington to promote the release of the "The Epic Masters Box Set" (released 16 November 2009) which marked the thirtieth anniversary of his first hit "Hot Dog".^{[citation needed]}

On 10 December 2009, Stevens appeared in court in Ballymena, Northern Ireland, charged with assaulting photographer Hugo McNiece at the Tullyglass Hotel in Ballymena on 3 December.^[12] In January 2010 he was convicted of the assault and criminal damage in the case. He was fined a total of £300 and ordered to pay McNeice £479 to compensate for the damage to his camera lens.^[13] His conviction was overturned on appeal at Ballymena County Court in May 2011.^[14]

Stevens was rushed to hospital after he collapsed at his home in Windsor in July 2010. This resulted from exhaustion brought on by the stress of working on a new album.^[15] It was later revealed that Stevens suffered a heart attack, which caused him to be hospitalised for two months after strenuous work gardening in his home, in Windsor.^[16] He fully recovered and, in 2011, embarked on the early part of his 30th Anniversary Tour, followed by a further 26 dates in the second leg later in the year. Stevens was backed by a 10-piece band on the Anniversary Tour in the UK and Europe. Stevens has a new album planned for release 2012.^[17]

Discography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Site
• Shakin' Stevens biography from BBC Wales
• "Elvis!", the Musical - Musicians involved
• Shaky Now (The Best Unofficial Fans Forum)
• CBS Executive talking about Shakin'Stevens 1980 Australian Tour

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Sir Tim Berners-Lee OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA
Berners-Lee in 2010
Born	Timothy John Berners-Lee (1955-06-08) 8 June 1955 (age 57)[1] London, England[1]
Residence	Massachusetts, U.S.[1]
Nationality	British
Alma mater	Queen's College, Oxford
Occupation	Computer scientist
Employer	World Wide Web Consortium University of Southampton
Known for	Inventing the World Wide Web Holder of the 3Com Founders Chair at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Title	Professor
Religion	Unitarian Universalism
Parents	Conway Berners-Lee Mary Lee Woods
Website
www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/

Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee, OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA (born 8 June 1955^[1]), also known as "TimBL", is an English computer scientist, MIT professor and the inventor of the World Wide Web. He made a proposal for an information management system in March 1989^[2] and on 25 December 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau and a young student at CERN, he implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the Internet.^[3]

Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development. He is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation, and is a senior researcher and holder of the 3Com Founders Chair at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL).^[4] He is a director of The Web Science Research Initiative (WSRI),^[5] and a member of the advisory board of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence.^[6][7]

In 2004, Berners-Lee was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his pioneering work.^[8] In April 2009, he was elected a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences.^[9][10]

Early life[link]

Berners-Lee was born in southwest London, England, on 8 June 1955, the son of Conway Berners-Lee and Mary Lee Woods. His parents worked on the first commercially built computer, the Ferranti Mark 1. One of four children, he attended Sheen Mount Primary School, and then went on to Emanuel School in London, from 1969 to 1973.^[8] He studied at The Queen's College, Oxford, from 1973 to 1976, where he received a first-class degree in Physics.^[1]

Career[link]

Berners-Lee, 2005

While an independent contractor at CERN from June to December 1980, Berners-Lee proposed a project based on the concept of hypertext, to facilitate sharing and updating information among researchers.^[11] While there, he built a prototype system named ENQUIRE.^[12]

After leaving CERN in 1980, he went to work at John Poole's Image Computer Systems, Ltd, in Bournemouth, England.^[13] The project he worked on was a real-time remote procedure call which gave him experience in computer networking.^[13] In 1984 he returned to CERN as a fellow.^[12]

In 1989, CERN was the largest Internet node in Europe, and Berners-Lee saw an opportunity to join hypertext with the Internet: "I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the Transmission Control Protocol and domain name system ideas and—ta-da!—the World Wide Web."^[14] “Creating the web was really an act of desperation, because the situation without it was very difficult when I was working at CERN later. Most of the technology involved in the web, like the hypertext, like the Internet, multifont text objects, had all been designed already. I just had to put them together. It was a step of generalising, going to a higher level of abstraction, thinking about all the documentation systems out there as being possibly part of a larger imaginary documentation system.”^[15] He wrote his initial proposal in March 1989, and in 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau (with whom he shared the 1995 ACM Software System Award), produced a revision which was accepted by his manager, Mike Sendall.^[16] He used similar ideas to those underlying the ENQUIRE system to create the World Wide Web, for which he designed and built the first Web browser. This also functioned as an editor (WorldWideWeb, running on the NeXTSTEP operating system), and the first Web server, CERN HTTPd (short for Hypertext Transfer Protocol daemon).

" Mike Sendall buys a NeXT cube for evaluation, and gives it to Tim [Berners-Lee]. Tim's prototype implementation on NeXTStep is made in the space of a few months, thanks to the qualities of the NeXTStep software development system. This prototype offers WYSIWYG browsing/authoring! Current Web browsers used in "surfing the Internet" are mere passive windows, depriving the user of the possibility to contribute. During some sessions in the CERN cafeteria, Tim and I try to find a catching name for the system. I was determined that the name should not yet again be taken from Greek mythology. Tim proposes "World-Wide Web". I like this very much, except that it is difficult to pronounce in French..." by Robert Cailliau, 2 November 1995.^[17]

The first website built was at CERN within the border of France^[18], and was first put online on 6 August 1991:

"Info.cern.ch was the address of the world's first-ever web site and web server, running on a NeXT computer at CERN. The first web page address was http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html, which centred on information regarding the WWW project. Visitors could learn more about hypertext, technical details for creating their own webpage, and even an explanation on how to search the Web for information. There are no screenshots of this original page and, in any case, changes were made daily to the information available on the page as the WWW project developed. You may find a later copy (1992) on the World Wide Web Consortium website." -CERN

It provided an explanation of what the World Wide Web was, and how one could use a browser and set up a web server.^{[19][20][21][22]}

In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the W3C at MIT. It comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. Berners-Lee made his idea available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. The World Wide Web Consortium decided that its standards should be based on royalty-free technology, so that they could easily be adopted by anyone.^[23]

In 2001, Berners-Lee became a patron of the East Dorset Heritage Trust, having previously lived in Colehill in Wimborne, East Dorset, England.^[24]

In December 2004, he accepted a chair in Computer Science at the School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, England, to work on the Semantic Web.^[25][26]

In a Times article in October 2009, Berners-Lee admitted that the initial pair of slashes ("//") in a web address were actually "unnecessary". He told the newspaper that he could easily have designed URLs not to have the slashes. "There you go, it seemed like a good idea at the time," he said in his lighthearted apology.^[27]

Current work[link]

Tim Berners-Lee at the Home Office, London, on 11 March 2010

In June 2009 then British Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced Berners-Lee would work with the UK Government to help make data more open and accessible on the Web, building on the work of the Power of Information Task Force.^[28] Berners-Lee and Professor Nigel Shadbolt are the two key figures behind data.gov.uk, a UK Government project to open up almost all data acquired for official purposes for free re-use. Commenting on the opening up of Ordnance Survey data in April 2010 Berners-Lee said that: "The changes signal a wider cultural change in Government based on an assumption that information should be in the public domain unless there is a good reason not to—not the other way around." He went on to say "Greater openness, accountability and transparency in Government will give people greater choice and make it easier for individuals to get more directly involved in issues that matter to them."^[29]

In November 2009, Berners-Lee launched the World Wide Web Foundation in order to "Advance the Web to empower humanity by launching transformative programs that build local capacity to leverage the Web as a medium for positive change."^[30]

Berners-Lee is one of the pioneer voices in favour of Net Neutrality,^[31] and has expressed the view that ISPs should supply "connectivity with no strings attached," and should neither control nor monitor customers' browsing activities without their expressed consent.^[32][33] He advocates the idea that net neutrality is a kind of human network right: "Threats to the Internet, such as companies or governments that interfere with or snoop on Internet traffic, compromise basic human network rights."^[34]

Berners-Lee is a co-director of the Open Data Institute.^[35]

Recognition[link]

This NeXT Computer was used by Berners-Lee at CERN and became the world's first web server.

• In 1994 he became one of only six members of the World Wide Web Hall of Fame.^[36]
• In 1995 he won the Kilby Foundation's "Young Innovator of the Year" Award.^[1]
• In 1995 he received also the Software System Award from the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).^[37]
• In 1998 he was awarded with an honorary doctorate from the University of Essex.^[38]
• In 1999, Time Magazine named Berners-Lee one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century.^[3]
• In March 2000 he was awarded an honorary degree from The Open University as Doctor of the University.^[39]
• In 2001, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[40]
• In 2003, he received the Computer History Museum's Fellow Award, for his seminal contributions to the development of the World Wide Web.^[41]
• On 15 April 2004, he was named as the first recipient of Finland's Millennium Technology Prize, for inventing the World Wide Web. The cash prize, worth one million euros (about £892,000, or US$1.3 million, as of Sept 2011), was awarded on 15 June, in Helsinki, Finland, by the President of the Republic of Finland, Tarja Halonen.^[42]
• He was appointed to the rank of Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (the second-highest class within this Order that entails a knighthood) by Queen Elizabeth II, in the 2004 New Year's Honours List, and was formally invested on 16 July 2004.^[8][43]
• On 21 July 2004, he was presented with an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Lancaster University.^[44]
• On 27 January 2005, he was named Greatest Briton of 2004, both for his achievements and for displaying the key British characteristics of "diffidence, determination, a sharp sense of humour and adaptability", as put by David Hempleman-Adams, a panel member.^[45]
• In 2007, Berners-Lee received the Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award.
• In 2007, he was ranked Joint First, alongside Albert Hofmann, in The Telegraph's list of 100 greatest living geniuses.^[46]
• On 13 June 2007, he received the Order of Merit, becoming one of only 24 living members entitled to hold the honour, and to use the post-nominals 'O.M.' after their name.^[47] (The Order of Merit is within the personal bestowal of The Queen, and does not require recommendation by ministers or the Prime Minister)
• He was awarded the 2008 IEEE/RSE Wolfson James Clerk Maxwell Award, for "conceiving and further developing the World Wide Web".^[48]
• On 2 December 2008, Berners-Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Manchester. His parents worked on the Manchester Mark 1 in the 1940s and 50s.^[49]
• On 21 April 2009, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.^[50]
• On 28 April 2009, he was elected member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.
• On 8 June 2009, he received the Webby Award for Lifetime Achievement, at the awards ceremony held in New York City.^[51]
• In October 2009, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam^[52][53]
• On 30 March 2011, he was one of the first three recipients of the Mikhail Gorbachev award for "The Man Who Changed the World", at the inuagural awards ceremony held in London. The other recipients were Evans Wadongo for solar power development and anti-poverty work in Africa, and media mogul Ted Turner.
• On 26 May 2011, Berners-Lee was awarded with an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Harvard University.^[54]
• In 2011, he was inducted into IEEE Intelligent Systems' AI's Hall of Fame for the "significant contributions to the field of AI and intelligent systems".^[55][56]
• In 2012, Berners-Lee was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society.^[57]

Personal life[link]

This section contains information which may be of unclear or questionable importance or relevance to the article's subject matter. Please help improve this article by clarifying or removing superfluous information. (May 2012)

This section requires expansion.

Berners-Lee had a religious upbringing, but left the Church of England as a teenager, just after being confirmed and "told how essential it was to believe in all kinds of unbelievable things". He and his family eventually joined a Unitarian Universalist church while they were living in Boston.^[58]

See also[link]

• Eelco van Asperen
• History of the World Wide Web
• Kevin Hughes (www)
• libwww
• Mundaneum
• Network neutrality
• Paul Otlet
• Semantic Web
• Bob Taylor
• Vannevar Bush

Publications[link]

• Berners-Lee, Tim; Mark Fischetti (1999). Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor. Britain: Orion Business. ISBN 0-7528-2090-7. 
• Berners-Lee, T. (2010). "Long Live the Web". Scientific American 303 (6): 80–85. DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican1210-80. PMID 21141362.  edit
• Berners-Lee, T. (2010). "Long Live the Web". Scientific American 303 (6): 80–85. DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican1210-80. PMID 21141362.  edit
• Shadbolt, N.; Berners-Lee, T. (2008). "Web science emerges". Scientific American 299 (4): 76–81. DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican1008-76. PMID 18847088.  edit
• Berners-Lee, T.; Hall, W.; Hendler, J.; Shadbolt, N.; Weitzner, D. (2006). "COMPUTER SCIENCE: Enhanced: Creating a Science of the Web". Science 313 (5788): 769–771. DOI:10.1126/science.1126902. PMID 16902115.  edit

Notes[link]

Further reading[link]

• Tim Berners-Lee and the Development of the World Wide Web (Unlocking the Secrets of Science), Ann Gaines (Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2001) ISBN 1-58415-096-3
• Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web (Ferguson's Career Biographies), Melissa Stewart (Ferguson Publishing Company, 2001) ISBN 0-89434-367-X children's biography
• Weaving the Web Berners-Lee, Tim, with Fischetti, Mark (Harper Collins Publishers,1999) ISBN 0-06-251586-1(cloth) ISBN 0-06-251587-X(paper)
• How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web Robert Cailliau, James Gillies, R. Cailliau (Oxford University Press, 2000) ISBN 0-19-286207-3
• Tim Berners-Lee Gives the Web a New Definition
• BBC2 Newsnight – Transcript of video interview of Berners-Lee on the read/write Web
• Technology Review interview

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tim Berners-Lee

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Tim Berners-Lee

• Tim Berners-Lee on Twitter
• timbl on identi.ca
• Tim Berners-Lee at TED Conferences
• Tim Berners-Lee at the Internet Movie Database
• Tim Berners-Lee at the Notable Names Database
• Works by or about Tim Berners-Lee in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Tim Berners-Lee on the W3C site
• First World Wide Web page

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Missy Higgins
Missy Higgins, Majestic Theater, Madison, Wisconsin, 10 July 2008
Background information
Birth name	Melissa Morrison Higgins
Born	(1983-08-19) 19 August 1983 (age 28)
Origin	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Genres	Alternative, Indie, Acoustic
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, musician
Instruments	Vocals, piano, synthesiser, guitar, melodica, xylophone
Years active	2001–present
Labels	Eleven Reprise Warner Bros.
Website	missyhiggins.com
Notable instruments
Roland RD-700, Maton

Melissa "Missy" Morrison Higgins (born 19 August 1983) is an Australian pop singer-songwriter, musician and actress. Her No. 1 albums in Australia are The Sound of White (2004) and On a Clear Night (2007), and her Top Ten singles are "Scar", "The Special Two", "Steer" and "Where I Stood". From a musical family in Melbourne, she played piano by age six and sang at twelve. While boarding at Geelong Grammar School, she wrote a song for an assignment which was then entered into the national Unearthed radio competition for unsigned artists. Higgins won and signed recording contracts with Eleven and Warner Bros. After taking time off, backpacking in Europe, she recorded her first album The Sound of White, which was released in 2004. The album, and its first single, "Scar" both went to No. 1 on the relevant Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Charts. Its second single, "The Special Two", went to No. 2. Higgins was nominated for five ARIA Music Awards that year and won 'Best Pop Release' for "Scar". In 2005 she was nominated for seven more awards and won five. She won her seventh ARIA in 2007.

In 2006, Higgins wrote new material for her second album, and following a US tour she recorded On a Clear Night, which gave her another No. 1 single with "Steer". Higgins has conducted several well received Australian tours and performed at high-profile charity events WaveAid (2005) and Live Earth (2007). She has toured internationally and lived and worked in the United States for ten months in 2008. Her song "Where I Stood" has been used in television shows including Grey's Anatomy, One Tree Hill, Lipstick Jungle and So You Think You Can Dance while her song "Warm Whispers" was used in Ghost Whisperer. Her third album, The Ol' Razzle Dazzle, is due to be released in June 2012.

Alongside her music career, Higgins pursues interests in animal rights and the environment, endeavouring to make her tours carbon neutral. She is also the patron of One in Five, an Australian mental health charity. In 2007, following years of press speculation about her sexual orientation, she came out as bisexual, saying that she prefers interviewers to focus on her music. In 2010 she made her acting debut in feature Bran Nue Dae, and performed on the related soundtrack.

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Melissa "Missy" Morrison Higgins was born 19 August 1983 in Melbourne, Victoria to Christopher Higgins, an English-Australian general practitioner, and Margaret (née Morrison), an Australian childcare centre operator.^[1][2] Her sister, Nicola is seven years older, and brother, David is six years older.^[2] She learned to play classical piano from age six, following in the footsteps of Christopher and David, but realised she wanted to be a singer at about 12 when she appeared in an Armadale Primary School production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat.^[3] Bored with practice, she gave up playing piano at that time.^[4] Hoping for more freedom, she urged her parents to send her to Geelong Grammar School, an independent boarding school attended by her siblings. At Geelong she took up the piano again, this time playing jazz including performing with David's group on weekends.^[5] She was introverted and found that piano practice helped her cope with living at boarding school.^[4]

At 15, she wrote "All for Believing" for a school music assignment and completed it just hours before the deadline.^[6] The assignment earned an A and she performed her song in front of classmates. She approached a Melbourne record company and was told that they wanted more than one song.^[4] She wrote more songs and worked with the Kool Skools project, which enables students to record music.^[7] In 2001, Nicola entered "All for Believing" on Higgins' behalf into Unearthed, radio station Triple J's competition for unsigned artists. The song won the competition and was added to the station's play list.^[8] Two record companies showed an interest in Higgins—Sony and Eleven.^[4] She signed with Eleven, partly because they agreed that she would not be "made into a pop star"^[9] and partly because they were happy for her to take time off for backpacking.^[4] Her manager is Eleven's John Watson, who also manages rock band Silverchair.^[1] He later said "Missy's the only time in my career I knew after 90 seconds I really wanted to sign her."^[10] The backpacking trip had been planned with a friend for years and they spent most of 2002 in Europe; while she was travelling, "All for Believing" started to be played by Los Angeles radio station KCRW.^[11] This brought attention from US record labels and, by year's end, an international recording deal with Warner Bros.^[12]

[edit] 2003–2005: The Sound of White