Poison ivy
Toxicodendron radicans or poison ivy
Ground-level poison ivy, Ottawa, Ontario
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Anacardiaceae
Genus:	Toxicodendron
Species:	T. radicans
Binomial name
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze
Synonyms
Rhus toxicodendron Rhus radicans

Toxicodendron radicans, better known as poison ivy (older synonyms are Rhus toxicodendron and Rhus radicans),^[1] is a poisonous North American plant that is well known for its production of urushiol, a clear liquid compound found within the sap of the plant that causes an itching, or sometimes painful rash in most people who touch it.^[2] The plant is not a true ivy (Hedera).

Poison ivy can be found growing in any of the following three forms:

• as a trailing vine that is 10–25 cm tall (4 to 10 inches)
• as a shrub up to 1.2 m tall (4 feet)
• as a climbing vine that grows on trees or some other support

Distribution and habitat[link]

Poison ivy grows throughout much of North America, including the Canadian Maritime provinces, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and all U.S. states east of the Rockies, as well as in the mountainous areas of Mexico up to around 1,500 m (4,900 ft) (caquistle or caxuistle is the Nahuatl term), and is normally found in wooded areas, especially along edge areas. It also grows in exposed rocky areas and in open fields and disturbed areas. It can grow as a forest understory plant, although it is only somewhat shade tolerant.^[1] The plant is extremely common in suburban and exurban areas of New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and southeastern United States. Similar species, poison oak, and Toxicodendron rydbergii are found in western North America. Poison ivy rarely grows at altitudes above 1,500 m (4,900 ft), although the altitude limit varies in different locations.^[1] The plants can grow as a shrub up to about 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) tall, as a groundcover 10–25 cm (3.9–9.8 in) high, or as a climbing vine on various supports. Older vines on substantial supports send out lateral branches that may at first be mistaken for tree limbs.

It is not particularly sensitive to soil moisture, although it does not grow in desert or arid conditions. It grows in a wide variety of soil types, and soil pH from 6.0 (acidic) to 7.9 (moderately alkaline). It can grow in areas subject to seasonal flooding or brackish water.^[1]

It is more common now than when Europeans first entered North America. Real estate development adjacent to wild, undeveloped land has engendered "edge effects," enabling poison ivy to form vast, lush colonies in such places. It is listed as a noxious weed in the U.S. states of Minnesota and Michigan and the Canadian province of Ontario.

Poison ivy and its relatives are virtually unknown in Europe.

Description[link]

Poison ivy vine with typical reddish "hairs" (like leaves, vines are extremely poisonous to humans)

Ground-level poison ivy in Perrot State Park, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin

The deciduous leaves of poison ivy are trifoliate with three almond-shaped leaflets.^[1] Leaf colour ranges from light green (usually the younger leaves) to dark green (mature leaves), turning bright red in fall; though other sources say leaves are reddish when expanding, turn green through maturity, then back to red, orange, or yellow in the fall. The leaflets of mature leaves are somewhat shiny. The leaflets are 3 to 12 cm (1.2 to 4.7 in) long, rarely up to 30 cm (12 in). Each leaflet has a few or no teeth along its edge, and the leaf surface is smooth. Leaflet clusters are alternate on the vine, and the plant has no thorns. Vines growing on the trunk of a tree become firmly attached through numerous aerial rootlets.^[3] The vines develop adventitious roots, or the plant can spread from rhizomes or root crowns. The milky sap of poison ivy darkens after exposure to the air.

Poison ivy spreads either vegetatively or sexually. Poison ivy is dioecious; flowering occurs from May to July. The yellowish- or greenish-white flowers are typically inconspicuous and are located in clusters up to 8 cm (3.1 in) above the leaves. The berry-like fruit, a drupe, mature by August to November with a grayish-white colour.^[1] Fruits are a favorite winter food of some birds and other animals. Seeds are spread mainly by animals and remain viable after passing through the digestive tract.

Aids to identification[link]

Poison ivy leaf and berries

The following four characteristics are sufficient to identify poison ivy in most situations: (a) clusters of three leaflets, (b) alternate leaf arrangement, (c) lack of thorns, and (d) each group of three leaflets grows on its own stem, which connects to the main vine.

The appearance of poison ivy can vary greatly between environments, and even within a single area. Identification by experienced people is often made difficult by leaf damage, the plant's leafless condition during winter, and unusual growth forms due to environmental or genetic factors.

Various mnemonic rhymes describe the characteristic appearance of poison ivy:^[4]

1. "Longer middle stem; stay away from them." This refers to the middle leaflet having a visibly longer stem than the two side leaflets and is a key to differentiating it from the similar-looking Rhus aromatica (fragrant sumac).
2. "Leaves of three; let it be."
3. "Hairy vine, no friend of mine."^[5] Poison ivy vines are very poisonous.
4. "Raggy rope, don't be a dope!" Poison ivy vines on trees have a furry "raggy" appearance. This rhyme warns tree climbers to be wary. Old, mature vines on tree trunks can be quite large and long, with the recognizable leaves obscured among the higher foliage of the tree.^[6]
5. "One, two, three? Don't touch me."
6. "Berries white, run in fright" and "Berries white, danger in sight."^[7]
7. "Red leaflets in the spring, it's a dangerous thing." This refers to the red appearance that new leaflets sometimes have in the spring. (Note that later, in the summer, the leaflets are green, making them more difficult to distinguish from other plants, while in autumn they can be reddish-orange.)
8. "Side leaflets like mittens, will itch like the dickens." This refers to the appearance of some, but not all, poison ivy leaves, where each of the two side leaflets has a small notch that makes the leaflet look like a mitten with a "thumb." (Note that this rhyme should not be misinterpreted to mean that only the side leaflets will cause itching, since actually all parts of the plant can cause itching.)
9. "If butterflies land there, don't put your hand there." This refers to the fact that some butterflies land on poison ivy, since they are not affected, which provides them protection as their predators avoid eating the plant.^[8]
10. "If it's got hair, it won't be fair." This refers to the hair that can be on the stem and leaves of poison ivy.

Effects on the body[link]

Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis is the allergic reaction caused by poison ivy. In extreme cases, a reaction can progress to anaphylaxis. Around 15% to 30% of people have no allergic reaction.^[9][10] Most people will become sensitized with repeated or more concentrated exposure to urushiol, as the immune system has been trained to act with greater degree.^[9]

Over 350,000 people are affected by poison ivy annually in the US.^[11]

The pentadecylcatechols of the oleoresin within the sap of poison-ivy and related plants causes the allergic reaction; the plants produce a mixture of pentadecylcatechols, which collectively is called urushiol. After injury, the sap leaks to the surface of the plant where the urushiol becomes a blackish lacquer after contact with oxygen.^[2][12]

Poison ivy on a roadside

Urushiol binds to the skin on contact, where it causes severe itching that develops into reddish coloured inflammation or non-coloured bumps, and then blistering. These lesions may be treated with Calamine lotion, Burow's solution compresses or baths to relieve discomfort,^[13] though recent studies have shown some traditional medicines to be ineffective.^[14][15] Over-the-counter products to ease itching—or simply oatmeal baths and baking soda—are now recommended by dermatologists for the treatment of poison ivy.^[16]

Blisters from contact with poison ivy

The oozing fluids released by scratching blisters do not spread the poison. The fluid in the blisters is produced by the body and it is not urushiol itself.^[17] The appearance of a spreading rash indicates that some areas received more of the poison and reacted sooner than other areas or that contamination is still occurring from contact with objects to which the original poison was spread. The blisters and oozing result from blood vessels that develop gaps and leak fluid through the skin; if the skin is cooled, the vessels constrict and leak less.^{[citation needed]} If poison ivy is burned and the smoke then inhaled, this rash will appear on the lining of the lungs, causing extreme pain and possibly fatal respiratory difficulty.^[18] If poison ivy is eaten, the mucus lining of the mouth and digestive tract can be damaged.^[19] A poison ivy rash usually develops within a week of exposure and can last anywhere from one to four weeks, depending on severity and treatment. In rare cases, poison ivy reactions may require hospitalization.^[20]

Urushiol oil can remain active for several years, so handling dead leaves or vines can cause a reaction. In addition, oil transferred from the plant to other objects (such as pet fur) can cause the rash if it comes into contact with the skin.^[21][22] Clothing, tools, and other objects that have been exposed to the oil should be washed to prevent further transmission.

People who are sensitive to poison ivy can also experience a similar rash from mangoes. Mangoes are in the same family (Anacardiaceae) as poison ivy; the sap of the mango tree and skin of mangoes has a chemical compound similar to urushiol.^[23] A related allergenic compound is present in the raw shells of cashews.^[24] Similar reactions have been reported occasionally from contact with the related Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica) and Japanese lacquer tree. These other plants are also in the Anacardiaceae family.

Similar-looking plants[link]

• Virgin's Bower (Clematis virginiana) (also known as Devil's Darning Needles, Devil's Hair, Love Vine, Traveller's Joy, Virginia Virgin's Bower, Wild Hops, and Woodbine; syn. Clematis virginiana L. var. missouriensis (Rydb.) Palmer & Steyermark [1]) is a vine of the Ranunculaceae family native to the United States. This plant is a vine that can climb up to 10–20 ft tall. It grows on the edges of the woods, moist slopes, and fence rows, and in thickets and streambanks. It produces white, fragrant flowers about an inch in diameter between July and September.

• Box-elder (Acer negundo) saplings have leaves that can look very similar to those of poison ivy, although the symmetry of the plant itself is very different. While box-elders often have five or seven leaflets, three leaflets are also common, especially on smaller saplings. The two can be differentiated by observing the placement of the leaves where the leaf stalk meets the main branch (where the three leaflets are attached). Poison ivy has alternate leaves, which means the three-leaflet leaves alternate along the main branch. The maple (which the box-elder is a type of) has opposite leaves; another leaf stalk directly on the opposite side is characteristic of box-elder.

• Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) vines can look like poison ivy. The younger leaves can consist of three leaflets but have a few more serrations along the leaf edge, and the leaf surface is somewhat wrinkled. However, most Virginia creeper leaves have five leaflets. Virginia creeper and poison ivy very often grow together, even on the same tree. Be aware that even those who do not get an allergic reaction to poison ivy may be allergic to the oxalate crystals in Virginia creeper sap.

• Western Poison-oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum‎) leaflets also come in threes on the end of a stem, but each leaflet is shaped somewhat like an oak leaf. Western Poison-oak grows only in the western United States and Canada, although many people will refer to poison ivy as poison-oak. This is because poison ivy will grow in either the ivy-like form or the brushy oak-like form depending on the moisture and brightness of its environment. The ivy form likes shady areas with only a little sun, tends to climb the trunks of trees, and can spread rapidly along the ground.

• Poison Sumac (Toxicodendron vernix) has compound leaves with 7–15 leaflets. Poison sumac never has only three leaflets.

• Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is a non-toxic edible vine that scrambles extensively over lower vegetation or grows high into trees. Kudzu is an invasive species in the southern United States. Like poison ivy, it has three leaflets, but the leaflets are bigger than those of poison ivy and are pubescent underneath with hairy margins.

• Blackberries and raspberries (Rubus spp.) can resemble poison ivy, with which they may share territory; however, blackberries and raspberries almost always have thorns on their stems, whereas poison ivy stems are smooth. Also, the three-leaflet pattern of some blackberry and raspberry leaves changes as the plant grows: Leaves produced later in the season have five leaflets rather than three. Blackberries and raspberries have many fine teeth along the leaf edge, the top surface of their leaves is very wrinkled where the veins are, and the bottom of the leaves is light minty-greenish white. Poison ivy is all green. The stem of poison ivy is brown and cylindrical, while blackberry and raspberry stems can be green, can be squared in cross-section, and can have prickles. Raspberries and blackberries are never truly vines; that is, they do not attach to trees to support their stems.

• The thick vines of Riverbank Grape (Vitis riparia), with no rootlets visible, differ from the vines of poison ivy, which have so many rootlets that the stem going up a tree looks furry. Riverbank grape vines are purplish in colour, tend to hang away from their support trees, and have shreddy bark; poison ivy vines are brown, attached to their support trees, and do not have shreddy bark.

• Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica) has a very similar appearance to poison ivy. While both species have three leaflets, the center leaflet of poison ivy is on a long stalk, while the center leaflet of fragrant sumac does not have an obvious stalk. When crushed, fragrant sumac leaves have a fragrance similar to citrus while poison ivy has little or no distinct fragrance. Fragrant sumac produces flowers before the leaves in the spring, while poison ivy produces flowers after the leaves emerge. Flowers and fruits of fragrant sumac are at the end of the stem, but occur along the middle of the stem of poison ivy. Fragrant sumac fruit ripens to a deep reddish color and is covered with tiny hairs while poison ivy fruit is smooth and ripens to a whitish color.

• Hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata) has leaves that are remarkably similar. It is, however, a much larger plant so confusion is unlikely for any but the smallest specimens. The flowers and seeds are also easily distinguished from those of poison ivy.

• Apios

See also[link]

• Poison oak
• Poison sumac
• Urushiol

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rhus radicans

• How Stuff Works: Poison ivy
• Contact-Poisonous Plants of the World
• Toxicodendron radicans images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
• Poison Oak at Wayne's Word
• Poison Ivy Plant and Rash Images, advice, plant identification
• Poison Ivy, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
• Common weeds of the northern United States and Canada: Western poison-oak, poison-ivy and poison sumac. (Anacardiaceae-family)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008)

The Coasters are an American rhythm and blues/rock and roll vocal group that had a string of hits in the late 1950s. Beginning with "Searchin'" and "Young Blood," their most memorable songs were written by the songwriting and producing team of Leiber and Stoller.^[1] Although the Coasters originated outside of mainstream doo wop, their records were so frequently imitated that they became an important part of the doo wop legacy through the 1960s.

History[link]

The Coasters are a doo-wop group that started in October 1955. The original members of the Coasters were Carl Gardner, Billy Guy, Bobby Nunn, Leon Hughes (who was replaced by Young Jessie on a couple of their early Los Angeles recordings), and guitarist Adolph Jacobs. Jacobs left the group in 1959.^[2] The Coasters' were formed out of the group The Robins, a Los Angeles based rhythm and blues group, which included Carl Gardner and Bobby Nunn.

The songwriting team Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller had started Spark Records, and in 1955 produced "Smokey Joe's Cafe" for the Robins^[1] (their 5th single with Leiber-Stoller). The record was popular enough that Atlantic Records offered Leiber and Stoller an independent production contract to produce the Robins for the Atlantic label. Only two of the Robins—Gardner and Nunn—were willing to make the move to Atlantic, recording their first songs in the same studio as the Robins had done (Master Recorders). In late 1957 the group moved to New York and replaced Nunn and Hughes with Cornell Gunter and Will "Dub" Jones. The new quartet was from then on stationed in New York (although all had Los Angeles roots).

The Coasters' association with Leiber and Stoller was an immediate success. Together they created a string of good-humored "storytelling" hits that are some of the most entertaining from the original era of rock and roll.^[1] Their first single, "Down in Mexico," was an R&B hit in 1956 and appears (in a re-recording from 1970—still with Gardner singing the lead) on the soundtrack of Quentin Tarantino's Death Proof. The following year, The Coasters crossed over to the national charts in a big way with the double-sided "Young Blood"/"Searchin'." "Searchin'" was the group's first U.S. Top 10 hit, and topped the R&B charts for 13 weeks, becoming the biggest R&B single of 1957 (all these were recorded in Los Angeles).

"Yakety Yak" (recorded in New York), featuring King Curtis on tenor saxophone, included the famous lineup of Gardner, Guy, Jones, and Gunter, became the act's only national #1 single, and also topped the R&B chart. The next single, "Charlie Brown," reached #2 on both charts. This was followed by "Along Came Jones," "Poison Ivy" (#1 for a month on the R&B chart), and "Little Egypt (Ying-Yang)."

Changing popular tastes and a couple of line-up changes contributed to a lack of hits in the 1960s. During this time, Billy Guy was also working on solo projects, so New York singer Vernon Harrell was brought in to replace Guy for stage performances. Later members included Earl "Speedo" Carroll (lead of The Cadillacs), Ronnie Bright (the bass voice on Johnny Cymbal's "Mr. Bass Man"), Jimmy Norman, and guitarist Thomas "Curly" Palmer. The Coasters signed with Columbia Records's Date label in 1966, reuniting with Leiber and Stoller (who had parted ways with Atlantic Records in 1963), but were never able to regain their former fame. In 1971, The Coasters had a minor chart entry with "Love Potion No. 9," a song that Leiber and Stoller had written for the Coasters but instead gave to The Clovers in 1959. In Britain, a 1994 Volkswagen TV advertisement used the group's "Sorry But I'm Gonna Have To Pass" track, which led to a minor chart placement in that country.

In 1987, the Coasters became the first group inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, crediting the members of the 1958-era configuration. The Coasters also joined the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999.

Several groups used the name in the 1970s, touring throughout the country, though Carl Gardner, one of the original Coasters, held the legal rights to it. Gardner continued to tour with the Coasters and made many attempts to stop bogus groups with no connection to the original group using the name. In late 2005, Carl's son Carl Gardner, Jr. took over as lead with the group when his father retired. The Coasters' current lineup consists of Carl Gardner, Jr., J.W. Lance, Primo Candelara and Eddie Whitfield.^[3]

As of 2011, Leon Hughes and Adolph Jacobs are the only surviving members of the original Coasters. Some of the former members suffered tragic ends. Saxophonist and "fifth Coaster" King Curtis was stabbed to death by two junkies outside his apartment building in 1971. Cornelius Gunter was shot to death while sitting in a Las Vegas parking garage in 1990. Nate Wilson, a member of one of Gunter's offshoot Coasters groups, was shot and his body dismembered in 1980.^[4]

Former manager Patrick Cavanaugh was convicted of the murder after Wilson threatened to notify authorities of Cavanaugh's intent to buy furniture with stolen checks. While Cavanaugh was convicted of the murder and given the death sentence in 1984, his sentence was commuted to life in prison. He died in 2006, in Nevada's Ely State Prison. Cavanaugh was 60.^[5]

The Coasters continue to appear regularly on "oldies" shows and PBS specials as old favorites and are available for bookings.^[4]

The Hits list below is from Joel Whitburn's Top R&B Singles and from the Pop positions published in Bill Millar's book "The Coasters" (1975).

In late June, 2007 Carl Gardner's autobiography "Carl Gardner: Yakety Yak I Fought Back - My Life with The Coasters" was published at AuthorHouse. On August 28, 2007 the Coasters' Leiber-Stoller produced recordings for Date/King 1966-1972 was released on a Varèse Vintage (Varèse Sarabande) CD, titled "Down Home" (302 066 844 2) - and on December 12, 2007 the complete Atco recordings 1954-1966 were released on a Rhino Handmade 4CD-set, titled "There's A Riot Goin' On: The Coasters on Atco" (Rhino RHM2 7740).

Legacy[link]

The Coasters' repertoire had a significant impact on '60s and '70s rock artists. For example, Leon Russell performed "Young Blood" at the Concert for Bangladesh in 1971, imitating the group's arrangement of the song with four different solo voices, and Bad Company's version of the song reached #20 on 22–29 May 1976 on the Hot 100; Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen recorded The Robins' "Riot in Cell Block #9," while The Beach Boys recorded a 1971 version with revised lyrics by that group's vocalist Mike Love, titled "Student Demonstration Time." The novelty singer Ray Stevens reached #27 on the U.S. pop singles chart with a 1969 remake of "Along Came Jones." Elvis Presley included "Little Egypt (Ying-Yang)" in the soundtrack for his 1964 film Roustabout. The first two British hits of The Hollies were "(Ain't That) Just Like Me" and "Searchin'." The Monkees reached #10 on the Cashbox singles chart with "D. W. Washburn." (The Coasters recorded it first, but when Date declined to release it, Leiber and Stoller sent it as a demo to the Monkees. After the Monkees' record charted, the Coasters' original was issued.) Several Coasters songs were part of The Beatles' repertoire before the British rock group began its recording career; George Harrison is among the singers on the above-mentioned Leon Russell live recording. The Grateful Dead similarly performed several Coasters songs in their early days. This was influenced by a weekend in 1965 in which the group (while still called The Warlocks) served as pickup band for the Coasters at a lounge in Belmont, CA. When the Beach Boys and the Grateful Dead united on stage to perform a brief set at New York City's Filmore East, they performed "Searchin'" and "Riot in Cell Block No. 9." Numerous groups have recorded "Poison Ivy."

The Coasters' hits also comprised a major portion of the song score for the 1994 musical revue Smokey Joe's Cafe, a retrospective of Leiber & Stoller songs that received one Grammy Award and seven Tony Award nominations following its 1995 Broadway debut. Their song "Baby, That Is Rock and Roll" has served as the main title for a biography/songbook of Leiber & Stoller songs and a Bravo television documentary on the songwriters.

In addition, Coasters songs and the Coasters themselves have been referred to by later popular musicians. Frank Zappa referenced the group in the lyrics of the song "Status Back Baby" on his second album, Absolutely Free. Sly Stone titled a No. 1 hit 1971 album by his group Sly & the Family Stone after the tag line from "Riot in Cell Block No. 9": There's a Riot Goin' On. The folksinger David Bromberg quoted from "Little Egypt (Ying-Yang)" in his 1972 song "Sharon". Paolo Nutini regularly covers "Down in Mexico" during live performances.

Band members[link]

Current members

• J. W. Lance – lead vocals, previously tenor vocals (2001–present)
• Primotivo Candelara – baritone vocals (2008–present)
• Eddie Whitfield – bass vocals (2009–present)
• Dennis Anderson – tenor vocals (2011–present)

Former members

(Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame inductees' listed in bold.)

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

• 1957 - The Coasters - Atco LP 33-101
• 1959 - The Coasters' Greatest Hits - Atco LP 33-111 (SD33-111 rechanneled stereo 1960)
• 1960 - The Coasters One By One - Atco LP 33-123 (SD33-123 stereo)
• 1962 - Coast Along with The Coasters - Atco LP 33-135 (SD33-135 alternate stereo edition)
• 1965 - That Is Rock & Roll - Clarion LP 605 (SD-605 stereo)
• 1971 - Their Greatest Recordings: The Early Years - Atco LP SD33-371 (stereo compilation with alternates)
• 1972 - The Coasters On Broadway - King LP KS1146 (stereo)
• 1975 - 16 Greatest Hits - Trip TOP LP 16-7 (revival re-recordings)
• 1982 - Young Blood - Atlantic DeLuxe LP AD 2-4003 (mono)

Hit singles chart[link]

Notes: c/w denotes next track same record. U.S. Billboard chart positions. "Shoppin' For Clothes" reached Cash Box Pop #57 and "T'ain't Nothin' To Me" R&B position is from Cash Box (since Billboard did not publish an R&B chart in 1964).

US singles discography[link]

The line-ups are presented for general overview and do not always fit with issue dates.

Label and catalogue number followed by month/year of issue, and by track titles (with lead and recording dates).

The Robins (only singles featuring Carl Gardner are listed)

(Carl Gardner, Bobby Nunn, "Ty" Terrell Leonard, Billy Richard, Roy Richard, Grady Chapman)

leads: CG-Gardner; BN-Nunn; GC-Chapman; RB-Richard Berry (guest lead) (Los Angeles)

• Spark 103 6/54 - Riot In Cell Block #9 (RB ca 3/54) / Wrap It Up (BN,CG ca 3/54)

• Spark 107 10/54 - Loop De Loop Mambo (CG 8/54) / Framed (BN 8/54)

• Spark 110 2/55 - If Teardrops Were Kisses (CG, 2/54) / Whadaya Want? (GC 2/54)

• Spark 113 4/55 - One Kiss (CG 8/54) / I Love Paris (GC 2/54)

• Spark 116 6/55 - I Must Be Dreamin (CG 8/54) / The Hatchet Man (BN 2/54)

• Spark 122 9/55 - Smokey Joe's Cafe (CG prob 7/7/55) / Just Like A Fool (CG prob 7/7/55)

• Atco 6059 10/55 - Smokey Joe's Cafe (CG) / Just Like A Fool (CG) - reissue

(all of the above later issued on EP, LP and CD compilations as The Coasters).

The Coasters (all "true"/legal Coasters singles are listed)

(Carl Gardner, Bobby Nunn, Billy Guy, Leon Hughes)

leads: CG-Gardner; BN-Nunn; BG-Guy (Los Angeles, Chicago*, New York**)

• Atco 6064 2/56 - Down in Mexico (CG 1/11/56) / Turtle Dovin´ (CG 1/11/56)

• Atco 6073 7/56 - One Kiss Led To Another (CG 1/11/56) / Brazil (CG,BN,BG 1/11/56)

• Atco 6087 3/57 - Young Blood (CG 2/15/57) / Searchin' (BG 2/15/57)

• Atco 6098 8/57 - Idol With The Golden Head (CG 7/24/57*) / (When She Wants Good Lovin´) My Baby Comes To Me (BG 7/24/57*)

• Atco 6104 11/57 - Sweet Georgia Brown (CG,BG,BN 2/12/57) / What Is The Secret Of Your Success? (BG 7/24/57*)

• Atco 6111 1/58 - Gee, Golly (BG 12/4/57**) / Dance! (CG 12/4/57**)

(Gardner, Guy, Will Jones, Cornell Gunter)

leads: CG-Gardner; BG-Guy; WJ-Jones, CoG-Gunter (New York)

• Atco 6116 4/58 - Yakety Yak (CG,BG 3/17/58) / Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart (WJ,CoG 3/17/58)

• Atco 6126 8/58 - The Shadow Knows (BG 8/8/58) / Sorry But I'm Gonna Have To Pass (WJ 8/8/58)

• Atco 6132 1/59 - Charlie Brown (unison 12/11/58) / Three Cool Cats (CG 3/17/58)

stereo version of Charlie Brown has CG, CoG as lead

• Atco 6141 5/59 - Along Came Jones (joint leads 3/26/59) / That Is Rock & Roll (CG 3/26/59)

• Atco 6146 8/59 - Poison Ivy (CG,BG 7/16/59) / I'm A Hog For You (unison 8/8/58, edited 7/17/59)

• Atco 6153 11/59 - What About Us (unison 7/16/59) / Run Red Run (BG 7/23/59)

• Atco 6163 3/60 - Besame Mucho (Part I) (WJ 2/26/60) / Besame Mucho (Part II) (unison backing vcls 2/26/60)

• Atco 6168 6/60 - Wake Me, Shake Me (BG 2/26/60) / Stewball (BG 3/17/58)

• Atco 6178 9/60 - Shoppin´ For Clothes (BG,WJ 7/29/60) / The Snake And The Book Worm (CG,CoG 2/26/60)

A-side also issued as Clothes Line (Wrap It Up)

• Atco 6186 1/61 - Wait A Minute (BG 12/4/57) / Thumbin´ A Ride (CG 7/29/60)

• Atco 6192 4/61 - Little Egypt (Ying-Yang) (BG 2/9/61) / Keep On Rolling (CG,CoG 2/26/60)

• Atco 6204 8/61 - Girls Girls Girls (Part I) (BG 2/9/61) / Girls Girls Girls (Part II) (BG 2/9/61)

(Gardner, Guy, Jones, Earl Carroll)

leads: CG-Gardner; BG-Guy; WJ-Jones; EC-Carroll (New York, Los Angeles*)

• Atco 6210 11/61 - (Ain't That) Just Like Me (BG 9/25/61) / Bad Blood CG (9/25/61)

• Atco 6219 2/62 - Ridin´ Hood (unison 12/7/60*) / Teach Me How To Shimmy (BG 4/10/61*)

• Atco 6234 9/62 - The Climb (vocal) (WJ 7/31/62) / The Climb (instrumental) (7/31/62)

• Atco 6251 1/63 - The P.T.A. (BG 1/11/63) / Bull Tick Waltz (BG 7/31/62)

• Atco 6287 2/64 - T´Ain´t Nothin´ To Me (BG,WJ 11/16/63) / Speedo's Back In Town (EC 11/16/63)

• Atco 6300 5/64 - Bad Detective (BG 12/17/63) / Lovey Dovey (CG 12/17/63)

• Atco 6321 10/64 - Wild One (BG 8/28/64) / I Must Be Dreaming (BG,CG 8/28/64)

• Atco 6341 2/65 - Lady Like (unison 2/26/60) / Hongry (BG 4/10/61*)

• Atco 6356 5/65 - Let's Go Get Stoned (BG 4/21/65) / Money Honey (unison 4/21/65)

• Atco 6379 9/65 - Crazy Baby (BG 4/21/65, edited 9/8/65) / Bell Bottom Slacks And A Chinese Kimono (She's My Little Spodee-O) (CG 4/21/65, edited 9/8/65)

• Atco 6407 3/66 - She's A Yum Yum (unison 1/26/66) / Saturday Night Fish Fry (BG 1/26/66)

• Date 1552 3/67 - Soul Pad (BG,EC 11/18/66) / Down Home Girl (BG 11/18/66)

• Date 1607 5/68 - She Can (BG,CG,EC 10/30/67) / Everybody's Woman (EC 10/30/67)

• Date 1617 7/68 - D.W. Washburn (BG,CG 10/31/67 / Everybody's Woman (EC 10/30/67)

(Gardner, Guy, Carroll, Ronnie Bright)

• Turntable 504 1969 - Act Right (BG 69) / The World Is Changing (EC 69)

• King 6385 11/71 - Love Potion Number Nine (CG 2/13/68, ed. late 71) / D.W. Washburn (BG,CG 10/31/67)

• King 6389 4/72 - Cool Jerk (CG late 71) / Talkin´ ´Bout A Woman (BG,CG,EC; act. She Can 10/30/67)

• King 6404 1973 - Soul Pad (BG,EC 11/18/66) / D.W. Washburn (BG,CG 10/31/67)

Carl Gardner & The Coasters

(Gardner, Carroll, Bright, Jimmy Norman)

• Wicked 8103 1976 - Hush Don't Talk About It (CG ca 76) / The World Keeps On Turning (EC ca 76)

Note: There are several "Coasters"-singles and -LPs/CDs featuring former members (which are not the true Coasters).

Compilations[link]

• 1986 - The Ultimate Coasters - Warner Special Products 27604 (stereo)
• 1987 - The Coasters - 20 Greatest Hits - Highland Music DCD-7786 (rerecorded in stereo)
• 1989 - The Coasters' Greatest Hits - Atco 33111-2 (reissue of LP, with a couple of tracks in stereo) - reissued on Hallmark
• 1991 - Poison Ivy - The Best of the Coasters - Atlantic CD 82313-2 (20 tracks - withdrawn)
• 1992 - 50 Coastin' Classics (2CD-set) - Rhino R2 71090 (mono)
• 1994 - The Very Best of The Coasters - Rhino R2 71597 (mono) - reissued 2008
• 1996 - Golden Hits - Masters 1127 (the Trip revivals, stereo - uncountable reissues on several labels)
• 2004 - The Coasters / One By One - Collectables COL-CD-7656 (2LPs on 1CD - "One By One" in stereo) - (a 2011 European issue on Hoodoo 263387 contains the same tracks plus 3 bonus tracks and a 16-page booklet)
• 2005 - Coast Along with The Coasters - Collectables COL-CD-6523 (reissue of stereo LP)
• 2005 - 16 Greatest Hits - Audio Passport CD-1018 (reissue of Trip LP)
• 2007 - Down Home - Varèse Sarabande/Vintage CD 302066844-2 (the "On Broadway"-tracks, stereo)
• 2007 - There's A Riot Goin' On: The Coasters On Atco (4CD-set) - Rhino Handmade RHM2 7740 (the complete Atco recordings, 113 tracks; several stereo masters)
• 2008 - The Definitive Soul Collection (2CD-set) - Rhino 132092 (withdrawn; 30 mono pop hits)

British public-domain compilations[link]

• 2008 - The Coasters - Rock 'n' roll legends - Charly / Weton Wesgram CRR025 (Robins & Coasters 1954-1957) 23 tracks
• 2009 - The Coasters - Singles A's and B's - Jasmine JASCD 521 (Robins & Coasters 1954-1958) 30 tracks
• 2010 - Rollin' with The Coasters - Remember / Intermusic-MCPS RMB 75151 (1956–1959) 26 tracks
• 2011 - Baby That Is Rock 'n' Roll - Snapper SROLLCD 630 (24 classic Atco mono tracks)

True Coasters recordings (not on single)[link]

No live recordings included (Note: there also are several alternates and edited masters of the singles, not listed below).

Recorded in New York unless otherwise indicated.
Lead singers: Carl Gardner (CG), Billy Guy (BG), Will "Dub" Jones (WJ), Ronnie Bright (RB), Jimmy Norman (JN).

• 1957 Lola (CG 2/12/57 L.A.) - Atco LP 33-101 The Coasters

• 1958 Three Cool Cats (alternate arrangement CG 3/17/58) - Rhino Handmade RHM2 7740 The Coasters On Atco

• 1958 Crocodile (unison 8/8/58) - Rhino Handmade RHM2 7740

• 1958 I'm A Hog For You (several different versions-unison 8/8/58) - Rhino Handmade RHM2 7740

• 1958 Hey Sexy (unison 12/11/58) - Rhino CD R2 71090 50 Coastin´ Classics

• 1958 Sexy (Hey Sexy) (CG 12/11/58) - Rhino Handmade RHM2 7740

• 1959 That Is Rock & Roll (edited version, WJ 3/26/59) - Atco LP SD 33-371 Their Greatest Recordings - The Early Years

• 1960 The Snake And The Bookworm (unison version 2/26/60) - Atco LP SD 33-135 Coast Along With The Coasters (only the stereo album)

• 1960 The Coasters One By One - Atco LP 33-123 (stereo SD33-123) (6/13&15/60) - 12 jazz/pop standards

• 1961 My Babe (BG 9/25/61) - Atco LP SD 33-135

• 1962 The Slime (WJ 7/31/62) - Clarion LP SD-605 That Is Rock & Roll (alternate of The Climb, act. titled so on the album)

• 1967 Mohair Sam (unison 10/30/67) - King LP 1146 The Coasters On Broadway

• 1968 Down At Papa Joe's (unison 2/12/68) King LP 1146

• 1968 Shake ´Em Up And Let ´Em Roll (lead: Jerry Leiber 2/13/68) - Rhino CD R2 71090

• 1971 Mustang Sally (BG late 71) - King LP 1146

• 1971 On Broadway (CG late 71) - King LP 1146

• 1971 The In Crowd (CG late 71) - King LP 1146

• 1973 The Coasters - 16 Greatest Hits (featuring 10 re-recordings with CG and JN, leads ca 73) - Trip LP TOP 16-7

• 1977 Check Mr. Popeye (RB 77) - Epic LP PE-34668 (various artists with Southside Johnny)

Notes[link]

References[link]

• "Carl Gardner - Yakety Yak I Fought Back - My Life With The Coasters" (by Veta Gardner, AuthorHouse 2007, ISBN 978-1-4259-8981-1).
• "The Coasters" (by Bill Millar, Star Books 1974, ISBN 0-352-30020-5).

External links[link]

	Book: The Coasters
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

• Those Hoodlum Friends - The Coasters Web Site - Official website
• The Coasters at Rock & Roll Hall of Fame
• The Coasters at Vocal Group Hall of Fame
• The Robins - story and full discography

Drew Barrymore
Barrymore at the premiere for He's Just Not That Into You in 2009
Born	Drew Blyth Barrymore (1975-02-22) February 22, 1975 (age 37)[1] Culver City, California, U.S.
Occupation	Actress, film director, screenwriter, producer, model
Years active	1978–present
Spouse	Jeremy Thomas (1994) Tom Green (2001–2002)
Partner	Will Kopelman (2011–present; engaged)
Parents	John Drew Barrymore Jaid Barrymore
Relatives	Barrymore family John Barrymore Lionel Barrymore Ethel Barrymore
Website
www.drewbarrymore.com

Drew Blyth Barrymore (born February 22, 1975) is an American actress, film director, screenwriter, producer and model. She is a member of the Barrymore family of American actors and granddaughter of John Barrymore. She first appeared in an advertisement when she was 11 months old. Barrymore made her film debut in Altered States in 1980. Afterwards, she starred in her breakout role in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. She quickly became one of Hollywood's most recognized child actresses, going on to establish herself in mainly comic roles.

Following a turbulent childhood which was marked by drug and alcohol abuse and two stints in rehab,^[1][2] Barrymore wrote the 1990 autobiography, Little Girl Lost. She successfully made the transition from child star to adult actress with a number of films including Poison Ivy, Bad Girls, Boys on the Side, and Everyone Says I Love You. Subsequently, she established herself in romantic comedies such as The Wedding Singer and 50 First Dates.

In 1995, she and business partner Nancy Juvonen formed the production company Flower Films,^[3] with its first production the 1999 Barrymore film Never Been Kissed. Flower Films has gone on to produce the Barrymore vehicle films Charlie's Angels, 50 First Dates, and Music and Lyrics, as well as the cult film Donnie Darko. Barrymore's more recent projects include He's Just Not That into You, Beverly Hills Chihuahua, Everybody's Fine and Going the Distance. A recipient of a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Barrymore appeared on the cover of the 2007 People magazine's 100 Most Beautiful issue.

Barrymore was named Ambassador Against Hunger for the UN World Food Programme (WFP). Since then, she has donated over US$1 million to the program. In 2007, she became both CoverGirl's newest model and spokeswoman for the cosmetic and the face for Gucci's newest jewelry line. In 2010, she was awarded the Screen Actors Guild Award and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film for her portrayal of Little Edie in Grey Gardens.

Early life[link]

Barrymore was born in Culver City, California, the daughter of American actor John Drew Barrymore and Jaid Barrymore (née Makó),^[1][4] an aspiring actress. Barrymore's mother was born in a Displaced Persons camp in Brannenburg, West Germany, to Hungarian World War II refugees. Barrymore's father was of mainly English, and Irish, ancestry.^[5] Her parents divorced in 1984, when she was nine years old.^[1] She has one half-brother, John Blyth Barrymore,^[6] also an actor, and two half-sisters, Blyth Dolores Barrymore and (Brahma) Jessica Blyth Barrymore.

Barrymore was born into acting: her great-grandparents Maurice Barrymore and Georgie Drew Barrymore, Maurice Costello and Mae Costello (née Altschuk)^[7] and her grandparents John Barrymore and Dolores Costello, were all actors;^[7] John Barrymore was arguably the most acclaimed actor of his generation.^[1][8] She is the niece of Diana Barrymore and the grandniece of Lionel Barrymore, Ethel Barrymore and Helene Costello,^[9] the great-great-granddaughter of John Drew and actress Louisa Lane Drew, and the great grandniece of Broadway idol John Drew, Jr. and silent film actor/writer/director Sidney Drew.^[10] She is also the god-daughter of director Steven Spielberg,^[2] and Sophia Loren.^[11]

Her first name, Drew, was the maiden name of her paternal great-grandmother, Georgie Drew Barrymore; her middle name, Blyth, was the original surname of the dynasty founded by her great-grandfather, Maurice Barrymore.^[2]

Career[link]

Early career[link]

With President Reagan, 1984

Barrymore's career began when she was auditioned for a dog food commercial at 11 months old.^[2] When she was bitten by her canine co-star, the producers were afraid she would cry, but she merely laughed, and was hired for the job.^[2] She made her film debut in Altered States (1980), in which she had a small part.^[1] A year later, she landed the role of Gertie, the younger sister of Elliott, in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, which made her one of the most famous child stars of the time and earned her the Young Artist Award as Best Young Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture in 1982.^[2][12] She received a Golden Globe nomination as Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture in 1984 for her role in Irreconcilable Differences, in which she starred as a young girl divorcing her parents.^[2][13] In a review in the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert states: "Barrymore is the right actress for this role precisely because she approaches it with such grave calm."^[14]

Rebellious era[link]

In the wake of this sudden stardom, Barrymore endured a notoriously troubled childhood. She was already a regular at the famed Studio 54 when she was a little girl, smoking cigarettes at age nine, drinking alcohol by the time she was 11, smoking marijuana at 12, and snorting cocaine at 13.^[1][2] Her nightlife and constant partying became a popular subject with the media.^[1] She was in rehab at age 13.^[1][2] A suicide attempt at age 14 put her back in rehab, followed by a three-month stay with singer David Crosby and his wife.^[8] The stay was precipitated, Crosby said, because she "needed to be around some people that were committed to sobriety."^[8] Barrymore later described this period of her life in her autobiography, Little Girl Lost. The next year, following a successful juvenile court petition for emancipation, she moved into her own apartment.^[8]

Barrymore with Corey Feldman at the 61st Academy Awards, March 29, 1989

In her late teens, her rebelliousness played itself out on screen and in print. Barrymore forged an image as a manipulative teenage seductress, beginning with the film Poison Ivy (1992), which was a box office failure, but was popular on video and cable.^[1][15] That same year, at the age of 17, she posed nude for the cover of the July issue of Interview magazine with her then-fiancé, actor Jamie Walters, as well as appearing nude in pictures inside the issue.^[16] She also underwent breast reduction surgery in 1992, and has said on the subject:

In 1993, Barrymore earned a second Golden Globe nomination, this time for the film Guncrazy.^[13] Barrymore would go on to pose nude at age 19 for the January 1995 issue of Playboy.^[18][19] Steven Spielberg, who directed her in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial when she was a child and was her godfather, gave her a quilt for her 20th birthday with a note that read, "Cover yourself up".^[2] Enclosed were copies of her Playboy pictures, with the pictures altered by his art department so that she appeared fully clothed.^[20] During a 1995 appearance on Late Show with David Letterman, Barrymore climbed onto David Letterman's desk and bared her breasts to him, her back to the camera, in celebration of his birthday.^[8] She modeled in a series of Guess? jeans ads during this time.^[21]

Return to prominence[link]

In 1995, Barrymore starred in Boys on the Side opposite Whoopi Goldberg and Mary-Louise Parker,^[22] and had a cameo role in Joel Schumacher's film Batman Forever, in which she portrayed a moll to Tommy Lee Jones' character, Two-Face.^[23][24] The following year, she made a cameo in the successful horror film Scream. Barrymore has continued to be highly bankable, and a top box office draw.^[1][25] She was frequently cast in romantic comedies such as Wishful Thinking (1997), The Wedding Singer (1998),^[26] and Home Fries (1998).^[27] Barrymore's role in the costume drama Ever After (1998) offered a modern take on the classic fairy tale of Cinderella and served as a reminder, according to Roger Ebert, of how well Drew Barrymore "can hold the screen and involve us in her characters".^[28]

Besides a number of appearances in films produced by her company, Flower Films, including Charlie's Angels, Barrymore had a dramatic role in the comedy/drama Riding in Cars with Boys (2001), playing a teenage mother in a failed marriage with the drug-addicted father (based on the real-life story of Beverly D'Onofrio).^[1] In 2002, Barrymore appeared in Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, alongside Sam Rockwell and Julia Roberts.^[29]

Flower Films and later work[link]

Barrymore at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival

In 1995, Barrymore formed Flower Films, a production company, with business partner Nancy Juvonen.^[30] The first film produced by the company was 1999's Never Been Kissed.^[31] The second offering from the company was Charlie's Angels (2000), a major box office success in 2000 that helped solidify the standing of both Barrymore and the company.^[2][32] When the production of Richard Kelly's debut film, Donnie Darko, was threatened, Barrymore stepped forward with financing from Flower Films and took the small role of Karen Pomeroy, the title character's English teacher.^[33] Although the film was less than successful at the box office in the wake of 9/11, it reached cult film status after the DVD release, inspiring numerous websites devoted to unraveling the plot twists and meanings.^[33]

In 2003, she reprised her role as Dylan Sanders in Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle,^[1][32] was nominated for an Emmy Award^[34] for her performance in Olive, the Other Reindeer^[35] and appeared with Ben Stiller in Duplex in 2003. Flower Films produced 50 First Dates with co-star Adam Sandler's Happy Madison company in 2004.^[36][37] Summing up Barrymore's appeal, Roger Ebert, in his review of 50 First Dates, described Barrymore as having a "smiling, coy sincerity," describing the film as "ingratiating and lovable."^[38] 50 First Dates was followed by Fever Pitch (2005), and in 2007, Music and Lyrics and Lucky You.^[39][40] Barrymore's more recent projects include Beverly Hills Chihuahua in 2008, and 2009's He's Just Not That into You, Grey Gardens and Everybody's Fine. Barrymore's directorial debut film Whip It, was released in October 2009. Whip It starred Ellen Page and Marcia Gay Harden and centered on an obsession with beauty pageants and the Austin, Texas, Hurl Scouts roller derby team. Barrymore also co-starred in the film.^[41]

In 2010, Barrymore reunited with former partner Justin Long on the set of Going the Distance, directed by Nanette Burstein. A R-rated romantic comedy about a couple dealing the ups and downs of a long distance relationship while commuting between New York City and San Francisco, the largely improvised film garnered generally mixed reviews by critics,^[42] who summed it as "timelier and a little more honest than most romantic comedies."^[43] Budgeted at US$32 million,^[44] the film became a moderate financial success at a worldwide box office total of US$40 million.^[45]

In 2011, it was announced that Barrymore had been cast alongside John Krasinski in Ken Kwapis's Big Miracle (2012), a romantic drama based on the 1989 book Freeing the Whales, which covers Operation Breakthrough, the 1988 international effort to rescue gray whales from being trapped in ice near Point Barrow, Alaska.^[46]

On August 2, 2011, Drew directed the music video for a song "Our Deal", for band Best Coast, with features Chloë Moretz, Miranda Cosgrove, Tyler Posey, Donald Glover, Shailene Woodley and Alia Shawkat.^[47]

Other career highlights[link]

In 1999, Barrymore was honored by the Young Artist Foundation with its Former Child Star "Lifetime Achievement" Award commemorating her outstanding achievements within the film industry as a child actress.^[48] In 2005, she began a recurring role in the animated comedy Family Guy as Brian Griffin's simple-minded girlfriend, Jillian.^[49] She has since appeared in a total of eleven episodes.^{[49][50][51][52]} She was the subject of the 2005 documentary My Date with Drew. In it, an aspiring filmmaker and a fan of Barrymore's, uses his limited resources in an attempt to gain a date with her.^[53] On February 3, 2004, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.^[54]

Barrymore signing autographs

Barrymore's films have a worldwide box office gross that stands at over US$2.3 billion. According to The Hollywood Reporter's annual Star Salary Top 10, she was tied for eighth place on the top ten list of actresses' salaries, commanding 10 to 12 million dollars per movie for 2006.^[55] On February 3, 2007, Barrymore hosted Saturday Night Live (SNL) for the fifth time,^[32] making her the second female host (after Candice Bergen) in the show's history to do so. She hosted again on October 10, 2009, becoming the first female to host six times. Barrymore still holds the record as the youngest celebrity ever to host the show (1982, at age seven).^[56][57] In March 2012, Barrymore is set to co-host the twelfth season of The Essentials, a film showcase on Turner Classic Movies which spotlights significant classic films.^[58] She will be hosting alongside TCM regular, Robert Osborne.

Barrymore became a CoverGirl Cosmetics' model and spokeswoman in 2007.^[59] Today, Drew Barrymore is still one of the faces for CoverGirl, alongside Queen Latifah and Taylor Swift. The company partnered up with Drew because "she emulates the iconic image of CoverGirl with her fresh, natural beauty and energetic yet authentic spirit" said Esi Eggleston Bracey, Vice President and General Manager of CoverGirl Cosmetics North America. She has brought not only her personality into this endorsement but also her creative side, as she is also a co-creator of the ads.^[60] She was No. 1 in People's annual 100 Most Beautiful People list in 2007.^[61] Also in 2007, she was named the new face for the Gucci jewelry line.^[62][63] Barrymore is signed to IMG Models New York City.

In May 2007, Barrymore was named Ambassador Against Hunger for the United Nations World Food Programme^[64][65] and later donated $1 million to the cause.^[32][66] In September 2010, Barrymore was confirmed to play the role of Ganga in the Indian Bollywood film The Lifestyle – In Generation Next to be directed by Santosh Kumar Jain, to be released in 2012. ^[67] Several articles and interviews reported Barrymore's taste for photography. As a guest photographer for a magazine series called "They Shoot New York," she appeared on the cover holding a Pentax K1000 film camera.^[68] She hopes to expose her work in a gallery one day, as she documented the last decade of her life with a Pentax camera.^[69]

Personal life[link]

Barrymore at the Music and Lyrics London premiere, 2007

In 1991, at the age of 16, Barrymore became engaged to Leland Hayward, grandson of Hollywood producer Leland Hayward.^[70] After a few months, this engagement was called off.^[71] Barrymore was engaged to and lived with musician/actor Jamie Walters in 1992–93.^[72]

Barrymore is the godmother of Kurt Cobain's daughter, Frances Bean Cobain.

She was married to British bartender turned Los Angeles bar owner Jeremy Thomas on March 20, 1994, and filed for divorce less than two months later.^[1][8] Barrymore married Canadian comedian Tom Green in July 2001.^[1] Green filed for divorce in December 2001.^[73] The divorce was finalized on October 15, 2002.^[73][74]

In 2002, Barrymore began dating The Strokes' drummer Fabrizio Moretti, soon after they met at a concert.^[1][32] Their five year relationship ended on January 10, 2007.^[32][75] She dated actor Justin Long,^[76] but they confirmed their split in July 2008.^[77] The couple reunited in 2009 and co-starred in the 2010 film Going the Distance. The two then reportedly split again in 2010.^[78] In early 2011, Barrymore began dating art consultant Will Kopelman, the son of former Chanel CEO Arie Kopelman.^[79] The couple announced their engagement in January 2012.^[80][81]

In 2004, she was quoted as saying, "A woman and a woman together are beautiful, just as a man and a woman together are beautiful. Being with a woman is like exploring your own body, but through someone else. When I was younger I used to go with lots of women. Totally. I love it".^[82] In March 2007, former magazine editor Jane Pratt claimed on her Sirius Satellite Radio show that she had a romance with Barrymore in the mid-1990s.^[83]

Filmography[link]

References[link]