Melody and lyrics of "Mo Li Hua"

The older lyrics to "Mo Li Hua". From a Japanese music book, Gekkin Gakufu (月琴楽譜) (1877)

Mo Li Hua (Chinese: 茉莉花; pinyin: Mòlìhuā; literally "Jasmine Flower";^[a]), is a popular Chinese folk song.^[1][2][3] The song dates to 18th century. In time, many regional variations were created, and the song gained popularity both in China and abroad.

It has been used during events such as 2004 Summer Olympics, 2008 Summer Olympics and 2010 Shanghai Expo opening ceremony, and controversially during the 2011 Chinese protests.^[4][5][6]

History and popularity[link]

It was created during the Qianlong Emperor period of the Qing Dynasty (18th century).^[1] There are several regional versions of the song,^[7][8] the more well known one from the Jiangsu Province, and the other from Zhejiang Province. They have different lyrics and melody.^[9]

One version of the song describes a custom of giving Jasmine flowers, popular in the southern Yangtze delta region of China.^[1] Another, longer version describes the fear of plucking the flower.^[10][9] It has been played on ancient metal bells (bianzhong) and modern jade chimes.^[3] It uses the five note (pentatonic) scale developed in China and popular through Asia.^[11] The tune is one of xiaodiao ("short tunes"), popular in Chinese urban areas.^[12] In 1804 a British diplomat, John Barrow, noted that the tune seems to be one of the most popular songs in China.^[8]

The song became one of the first Chinese folk songs to become widely known outside China.^[10] In 1896 the song was used as temporary national anthem by the Qing Chinese officials in Europe. The melody has become well known among Western listeners as it was included by Giacomo Puccini in his opera Turandot (1926), where it is associated with 'Turandot's splendor'.^{[1][3][13][14]} It appeared in a 1934 Hollywood movie The Good Earth (Based on a novel by Pearl Buck) ^[15] It has been adapted by many artists around the world, for example by Kenny G.^[8] In 1982 the song found a place on a UNESCO list of recommended songs.^[8] When China regained sovereignty of Macau and Hong Kong, in 1999 and 1997, respectively, this music was played in the ceremonies. The song was said to be a the favorite of China’s former leader, Jiang Zemin (it was at his request that the song was played during the transfer ceremony in Hong Kong).^[6] The tune was played during Central Committee of the Communist Party of China meetings.^[16]

This song^[which?] was sung partially unaccompanied by a young Chinese girl, and partially accompanied by the music by Peking University students (whose version has been described as infused with a techno beat) and broadcast to the world at the closing ceremonies of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, to introduce the next Olympic Games site.^[1][17] An adaptation of the melody by Tan Dun and Wang Hesheng, chosen from more than 4,000 pieces, was played during the medal ceremonies at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.^[3] It^[which?] was also performed at the 2010 Shanghai Expo opening ceremony by an orchestra with the pianist Lang Lang.

Zhao Dongming, head of Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games's culture and ceremonies department, commented that "This piece of music reminds you of the gold medals for the Beijing Olympics, which are made of gold and jade".^[3] This piece of Tan Dun, an Academy Award winning Chinese contemporary classical composer, cited by China Daily in 2008, described it as "glorious, heartwarming and full of respect... an iconic piece... almost a cultural symbol of China" and "From Puccini to the Beijing Olympics, this melody is a gift from the Chinese people to the world's athletes".^[3] In 2009 Russian singer Vitas, during the Chinese premiere of his program Sleepless Night, at least has also performed Mo Li Hua (never included in digital download until then).^[18]

During the 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests the song^[which?] became associated with the Jasmine Revolution, as organisers instructed protesters to play Mo Li Hua on their cell phones as a form of antigovernment protest.^[4] The song was placed on authorities' list of online censored materials.^[4] Videos of the song, including at least one from an official event (a 2006 Kenyan students welcome for Chinese president Hu Jintao), were removed from Chinese websites, and searches for the song's name were blocked.^[2] The censorship attracted widespread attention and was difficult because of the popularity of the song and its association with Chinese culture and history.^[5][6] At least one new version of the song, mentioning fear of arrests, has been developed by the activists as a response.^[5]

Lyrics[link]

There are several versions of the song, with different lyrics and melody:

First variant[link]

One of the popular versions lyrics goes:

Second variant[link]

Another popular versions' lyrics, with three strophes:^[9]

Notes[link]

a ^{^} Through most commonly known in English as the Jasmine Flower, the title has also been translated as Beautiful Jasmine Flower^[2] or Such a Beautiful Jasmine.^[4] It has also been transliterated as Mo Li Hua,^[7] Mo-Li Hua,^[13] Moli Hua^[15] and Molihua^[3]

See also[link]

• Jasmine
• Jasminum sambac, the species of jasmine the song is based on.
• Music of China

References[link]

Li Mo (born 1990-01-21 in Jinan, Shandong) is a female Chinese swimmer, who competed for Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Major achievements[link]

• 2002 Asian Games - 1st 50 m/100 m free
• 2002 Asian Games - 1st 50 m back
• 2005 National Games - 2nd 400 m free, 3rd 800 m free
• 2006 Asian Championships - 2nd 400 m/800 m free

References[link]

• http://2008teamchina.olympic.cn/index.php/personview/personsen/780

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This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; suggestions may be available. (February 2009)

For the Chinese beach volleyball player with the same name see Li Hua (volleyball)

Li Hua (Simplified Chinese: 李桦; March 6, 1907 – May 5, 1994), a Chinese woodcut artist and communist known for his participation in left-wing activities, was born in Panyu, Guangdong. He graduated from the Municipal Guangzhou Art School in 1926 and remained there as a teacher.^[1] In 1930, Li went to Japan to study fine arts at Kawabata ga gakkō (川端画学校^?, "Kawabata Art School") in Tokyo.^[2]

Li returned to Guangzhou in 1932, after the Mukden Incident broke out, and served once again as a teacher at the art school where he had studied. At that time, he began to learn woodcutting art. He was influenced by Lu Xun who regarded him as one of the most promising woodcut artists of his generation.^[3] In June 1934, Li founded the Modern Woodcut Society at the Guangzhou Art School with an initial membership of 27.^[3][4] He produced many woodcuts to protest against the invasion by the Japanese army and the decaying government that was led by Chiang Kai-shek. One of Li's notable woodcut series was Raging Tide from 1947.^[5] In 1950, he became a professor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, and continued his artistic creations. Despite Li not officially joining the Communist Party of China until 1953, his work had been associated with the leftist cause for many years.^[3] Li died in Beijing at the Peking Union Medical Hospital in 1994.

Selected publications[link]

• Li Hua; Chen Yousheng (Editor), Zuo Boyang (Translator) (1995). Chinese Woodcuts. Foreign Languages Press. ISBN 978-7-119-00388-7. 

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Xiaobing Tang (2007). Origins of the Chinese Avant-Garde: The Modern Woodcut Movement. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24909-7. 

External links[link]

• Modern Chinese Woodblock Prints & Revolutionary Art
• Fleeing Refugees (1944), Li Hua
• Struggle (c. 1946), Li Hua print from his Raging Tide series
• Arise (c. 1947), Li Hua print from his Raging Tide series
• Efforts to Accelerate the Four Modernizations 为加速实现四化而努力 (1958)

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Mo' Living is an EP by the Washington, D.C. rock band Ted Leo and the Pharmacists, released in 2007 by Touch and Go Records. It is a bonus EP that was included with first run pressings of the band's album Living With the Living.

Track listing[link]

All songs written by Ted Leo except where noted.

1. "Nothing Much to Say"
2. "Old Souls Know"
3. "Living With the Living"
4. "Already Too Late?"
5. "Rappaport's Testament: I Never Gave Up" (Chumbawamba)
6. untitled

Performers[link]

• Ted Leo – vocals, guitar
• Dave Lerner – bass
• Chris Wilson – drums

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Zhang Mo
Full name	Zhang Mo
Nationality	Canada
Residence	Ottawa, Canada
Playing style	Shakehand
Equipment(s)	Butterfly
Highest ranking	87 (February 2010)[1]
Club	National Training Center, Ottawa
Born	(1989-01-17) January 17, 1989 (age 23) Shi Jia Zhuang, China
Weight	52 kg (110 lb; 8.2 st)
Medal record Women's table tennis Competitor for  Canada North American Championships Gold 2011 Mississauga Women's Singles Gold 2010 Grand Rapids Women's Singles Gold 2009 Laval Women's Singles Gold 2006 Rochester Women's Doubles Silver 2008 Las Vegas Women's Singles Silver 2007 Laval Women's Singles Silver 2006 Rochester Women's Singles North America Cup Gold 2011 Mississauga Women's Singles Gold 2011 Mississauga Women's Team Pan-American Games Gold 2011 Guadalajara Women's Singles Silver 2007 Rio de Janeiro Women's Team

Zhang Mo (born 17 January 1989) is a female Chinese-born table tennis player who now represents Canada.

She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, reaching the third round of the singles competition.

She was born in Shijiazhuang, and resides in Ottawa.

With her win at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico, she qualified for the London 2012 Olympic Games.^[2]

Career results[link]

North American Table Tennis Championships[link]

• 2011 Mississauga: Winner Women's Singles
• 2010 Grand Rapids: Winner Women's Singles
• 2009 Laval: Winner Women's Singles
• 2006 Rochester: Winner Women's Doubles
• 2008 Las Vegas: Runner-up Women's Singles
• 2007 Laval: Runner-up Women's Singles
• 2006 Rochester: Runner-up Women's Singles

North America Cup[link]

• 2011 Mississauga: Winner Women's Singles
• 2011 Mississauga: Winner Women's Team

Pan American Games[link]

• 2011 Guadalajara: Winner Women's Singles
• 2007 Rio de Janeiro: Runner-up Women's Team

References[link]

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