President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease bill to give aid to Britain and China (1941)

Lend-Lease (Public Law 77-11)^[1] was the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, Free France, and other Allied nations with materiel between 1941 and 1945. It was signed into law on March 11, 1941, a year and a half after the outbreak of World War II in Europe in September 1939 but nine months before the U.S. entered the war in December 1941. Formally titled An Act to Further Promote the Defense of the United States, the Act effectively ended the United States' pretense of neutrality.

A total of $50.1 billion (equivalent to $647 billion today) worth of supplies were shipped: $31.4 billion to Britain, $11.3 billion to the Soviet Union, $3.2 billion to France, and $1.6 billion to China. Reverse Lend-Lease comprised services such as rent on air bases that went to the U.S., and totaled $7.8 billion; of this, $6.8 billion came from the British and the Commonwealth. The terms of the agreement provided that the materiel were to be used until time for their return or destruction. Supplies after the termination date were sold to Britain at a discount for £1.075 billion using long-term loans from the United States. Canada operated a similar program that sent $4.7 billion in supplies to the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union.^[2] The United States did not charge for aid supplied under this legislation.

This program was a decisive step away from non-interventionist policy, which had dominated United States foreign relations since the end of World War I, towards international involvement.

Historical background[link]

Following the fall of France, Great Britain became the only European nation actively engaged in war against Nazi Germany. Britain had been paying for its materiel in gold under "cash and carry," as required by the US Neutrality Acts of the 1930s, but by 1941 it had liquidated so many assets that it was running short of cash.^[3]

During this same period, the U.S. government began to mobilize for a possible war, instituting the first-ever peacetime draft^[4] and a fivefold increase in the defense budget (from $2 billion to $10 billion).^[5] In the meantime, as the British began running short of money, arms, and other supplies, Prime Minister Winston Churchill pressured President Franklin D. Roosevelt for American help. Sympathetic to the British plight but hampered by the Neutrality Acts, which forbade arms sales on credit or the loaning of money to belligerent nations, Roosevelt eventually came up with the idea of "Lend-Lease." As one Roosevelt biographer has characterized it: "If there was no practical alternative, there was certainly no moral one either. Britain and the Commonwealth were carrying the battle for all civilization, and the overwhelming majority of Americans, led in the late election by their president, wished to help them."^[6] As the President himself put it, “There can be no reasoning with incendiary bombs.”^[7]

In December 1940 President Roosevelt proclaimed the U.S. would be the "Arsenal of Democracy" and proposed selling munitions to Britain and Canada.^[7] Isolationists were strongly opposed, warning it would lead to American involvement in what was seen by most Americans as an essentially European conflict. In time, however, opinion shifted as increasing numbers of Americans began to see the advantage of funding the British war against Germany, while staying out of the hostilities themselves.^[8]

The American position was to help the British but not enter the war. In early February 1941 a Gallup poll revealed that 54 percent of Americans were unqualifiedly in favor of Lend-Lease. A further 15 percent were in favor with qualifications such as: "If it doesn't get us into war," or "If the British can give us some security for what we give them." Only 22 percent were unqualifiedly against the President's proposal. When poll participants were asked their party affiliation, the poll revealed a sharp political divide: 69 percent of Democrats were unqualifiedly in favor of Lend-Lease, whereas only 38 percent of Republicans favored the bill without qualification. A poll spokesperson also noted that, "approximately twice as many Republicans" gave "qualified answers as...Democrats."^[9]

Opposition to the Lend-Lease bill was strongest among isolationist Republicans in Congress, who feared that the measure would be "the longest single step this nation has yet taken toward direct involvement in the war abroad." When the House of Representatives finally took a roll call vote on February 9, 1941, the 260 to 165 vote fell largely along party lines. Democrats voted 238 to 25 in favor and Republicans 24 in favor and 135 against.^[10]

The vote in the Senate, which took place a month later, revealed a similar partisan divide. 49 Democrats (79 percent) voted "aye" with only 13 Democrats (21 percent) voting "nay." In contrast, 17 Republicans (63 percent) voted "nay" while 10 Senate Republicans (37 percent) sided with the Democrats to pass the bill.^[11]

President Roosevelt signed the Lend-Lease bill into law on 11 March 1941. It permitted him to "sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of, to any such government [whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States] any defense article." In April, this policy was extended to China,^[12] and in October to the Soviet Union. Roosevelt approved US $1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to Britain at the end of October 1941.

This followed the 1940 Destroyers for Bases Agreement, whereby 50 US Navy destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy and the Royal Canadian Navy in exchange for basing rights in the Caribbean. Churchill also granted the US base rights in Bermuda and Newfoundland gratis, allowing British military assets to be redeployed.^[13]

Administration[link]

Franklin D. Roosevelt set up the Office of Lend-Lease Administration in 1941, appointing steel executive Edward R. Stettinius as head.^[14] In September 1943, he was promoted to Undersecretary of State, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation director Leo Crowley became head of the Foreign Economic Administration which absorbed responsibility for Lend-Lease.

Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union was nominally managed by Stettinius. Roosevelt's Soviet Protocol Committee, dominated by Harry Hopkins and General John York, who were totally sympathetic to the provision of "unconditional aid." Until 1943, few Americans objected to Soviet aid.^[15]

Significance[link]

Relationship in Gross domestic product between Allied and Axis powers, 1938–1945. See Military production during World War II.

Lend-Lease was a critical factor in the eventual success of the Allies in World War II.^{[N 1]} In 1943–1944, about a quarter of all British munitions came through Lend-Lease. Aircraft (in particular transport aircraft) comprised about a quarter of the shipments to Britain, followed by food, land vehicles and ships^{[citation needed]}.

Even after the United States forces in Europe and the Pacific began to reach full strength in 1943–1944, Lend-Lease continued. Most remaining allies were largely self-sufficient in front line equipment (such as tanks and fighter aircraft) by this stage, but Lend-Lease provided a useful supplement in this category even so, and Lend-Lease logistical supplies (including motor vehicles and railroad equipment) were of enormous assistance^{[citation needed]}.

Much of the aid can be better understood when considering the economic distortions caused by the war. Most belligerent powers cut back severely on production of non-essentials, concentrating on producing weapons. This inevitably produced shortages of related products needed by the military or as part of the military-industrial complex.

The USSR was highly dependent on rail transportation, but the war practically shut down rail equipment production: only about 92 locomotives were produced. 2,000 locomotives and 11,000 railcars were supplied under Lend-Lease. Likewise, the Soviet air force received 18,700 aircraft, which amounted to about 14% of Soviet aircraft production (19% for military aircraft).^[16]

Although most Red Army tank units were equipped with Soviet-built tanks, their logistical support was provided by hundreds of thousands of U.S.-made trucks. Indeed by 1945 nearly two-thirds of the truck strength of the Red Army was U.S.-built. Trucks such as the Dodge 3/4 ton and Studebaker 2½ ton, were easily the best trucks available in their class on either side on the Eastern Front. American shipments of telephone cable, aluminium, canned rations, and clothing were also critical.^[17]

Quotations[link]

Franklin D. Roosevelt, eager to ensure public consent for this controversial plan, explained to the public and the press that his plan was comparable to one neighbor's lending another a garden hose to put out a fire in his home. "What do I do in such a crisis?" the president asked at a press conference. "I don't say... 'Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it' …I don't want $15 — I want my garden hose back after the fire is over."^[18]

To which Robert Alphonso Taft, Republican Senator from Ohio, responded: "Lending war equipment is a good deal like lending chewing gum. You don't want it back."

Joseph Stalin, during the Tehran Conference in 1943, acknowledged publicly the importance of American efforts during a dinner at the conference: "Without American production the United Nations could never have won the war."^[19]

US deliveries to USSR[link]

Warsaw 1945: Willys jeep used by Polish First Army as part of US Lend-Lease program.

The Lend-Lease Memorial in Fairbanks, Alaska commemorates the shipment of U.S. aircraft to the Soviet Union along the Northwest Staging Route.

American deliveries to the Soviet Union can be divided into the following phases:

• "pre Lend-lease" 22 June 1941 to 30 September 1941 (paid for in gold)
• first protocol period from 1 October 1941 to 30 June 1942 (signed 1 October 1941)
• second protocol period from 1 July 1942 to 30 June 1943 (signed 6 October 1942)
• third protocol period from 1 July 1943 to 30 June 1944 (signed 19 October 1943)
• fourth protocol period from 1 July 1944, (signed 17 April 1945), formally ended 12 May 1945 but deliveries continued for the duration of the war with Japan (which the Soviet Union entered on the 8 August 1945) under the "Milepost" agreement until 2 September 1945 when Japan capitulated. On 20 September 1945 all Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union was terminated.

Delivery was via the Arctic Convoys, the Persian Corridor, and the Pacific Route.

The Arctic route was the shortest and most direct route for lend-lease aid to the USSR, though it was also the most dangerous. Some 3,964,000 tons of goods were shipped by the Arctic route; 7% was lost, while 93% arrived safely.^[20] This constituted some 23% of the total aid to the USSR during the war.

The Persian Corridor was the longest route, and was not fully operational until mid 1942. Thereafter it saw the passage of 4,160,000 tons of goods, 27% of the total.^[20]

The Pacific Route opened in August 1941, but was affected by the start of hostilities between Japan and the US; after December 1941, only Soviet ships could be used, and, as Japan and the USSR observed a strict neutrality towards each other, only non-military goods could be transported.^[21] Nevertheless, some 8,244,000 tons of goods went by this route, 50% of the total.^[20]

Reverse Lend-lease[link]

Reverse Lend-lease or Reciprocal Aid was the supply of equipment and services to the United States, e.g. the British Austin K2 military ambulance. From Canada the Fairmile launches for anti-submarine use and Mosquito photo-reconnaissance aircraft. New Zealand supplied food to United States forces in the South Pacific, and constructed airports in Nadi, Fiji.

In 1945–46 the value of Reciprocal Aid from New Zealand exceeded that of Lend-lease, though in 1942–43 the value of Lend-lease to New Zealand was much more than that of Reciprocal aid. The UK also supplied extensive material assistance to US forces stationed in Europe, for example the USAAF was supplied with hundreds of Spitfire Mk V and Mk VIII fighter aircraft.

"The cooperation that was built up with Canada during the war was an amalgam compounded of diverse elements of which the air and land routes to Alaska, the Canol project, and the CRYSTAL and CRIMSON activities were the most costly in point of effort and funds expended.

[...] The total of defense materials and services that Canada received through lend-lease channels amounted in value to approximately $419,500,000.

[...] Some idea of the scope of economic collaboration can be had from the fact that from the beginning of 1942 through 1945 Canada, on her part, furnished the United States with $1,000,000,000 to $1,250,000,000 in defense materials and services.

[...] Although most of the actual construction of joint defense facilities, except the Alaska Highway and the Canol project, had been carried out by Canada, most of the original cost was borne by the United States. The agreement was that all temporary construction for the use of American forces and all permanent construction required by the United States forces beyond Canadian requirements would be paid for by the United States, and that the cost of all other construction of permanent value would be met by Canada. Although it was not entirely reasonable that Canada should pay for any construction that the Canadian Government considered unnecessary or that did not conform to Canadian requirements, nevertheless considerations of self-respect and national sovereignty led the Canadian Government to suggest a new financial agreement.

[...] The total amount that Canada agreed to pay under the new arrangement came to about $76,800,000, which was some $13,870,000 less than the United States had spent on the facilities."^[22]

British aid from Canada[link]

Britain's lend-lease arrangements with its dominions and colonies is one of the lesser known parts of World War II history.

Canada did not use a term like "lend lease" but it did give Britain gifts totaling $3.5 billion during the war; Britain used the money to buy Canadian food and war supplies.^[23][24] Canada also loaned $1.2 billion on a long-term basis to Britain immediately after the war; these loans were fully repaid in late 2006.^[25]

The Gander Air Base (RCAF Station Gander) now known as Gander International Airport built in 1936 in Newfoundland was leased by Britain to Canada for 99 years because of its urgent need for the movement of fighter and bomber aircraft to Britain.^[26]

Most American Lend-Lease aid comprised supplies purchased in the U.S., but Roosevelt allowed Lend-Lease to purchase supplies from Canada, for shipment to Britain, China and Russia.^[27]

Repayment[link]

There was no charge for the Lend Lease aid delivered during the war, but the Americans did expect the return of some durable goods such as ships. Congress had not authorized the gift of supplies after the war, so the administration charged for them, usually at a 90% discount. Large quantities of undelivered goods were in Britain or in transit when Lend-Lease terminated on 2 September 1945. Britain wished to retain some of this equipment in the immediate post war period. In 1946, the post-war Anglo-American loan further indebted Britain to the U.S. Lend-lease items retained were sold to Britain at 10% of nominal value, giving an initial loan value of £1.075 billion for the Lend Lease portion of the post-war loans. Payment was to be stretched out over 50 annual payments, starting in 1951 and with five years of deferred payments, at 2% interest.^[28] The final payment of $83.3 million (£42.5 million), due on 31 December 2006 (repayment having been deferred in the allowed five years), was made on 29 December 2006 (the last working day of the year). After this final payment Britain's Economic Secretary to the Treasury, Ed Balls, formally thanked the U.S. for its wartime support.

See also[link]

• Arctic convoys of World War II
• Arms Export Control Act
• Atlantic Charter
• Battle of the Atlantic (1939–1945)
• Cash and carry (World War II)
• Lend-Lease Sherman tanks
• Marshall Plan
• Military production during World War II
• Northwest Staging Route
• Operation Cedar
• Persian Corridor
• Keynes World War II loan

References[link]

Notes[link]

Notes

Citations[link]

Bibliography[link]

External links[link]

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Lend-Lease

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lend-Lease

• Official British history of Lend-Lease
• Lend-Lease Shipments, World War II (Washington: War Department, 1946)
• Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union
• The Voice of Russia on the Allies and Lend-Lease Museum, Moscow
• Official New Zealand war history of Lend-lease, from War Economy
• Official New Zealand war history; termination of Mutual Aid from 21 December 1945, from War Economy
• Allies and Lend-Lease Museum, Moscow

Alyssa Healy

Personal information
Full name	Alyssa Jean Healy
Born	(1990-03-24) 24 March 1990 (age 22) Gold Coast, Australia
Batting style	Right-handed
Role	Wicket-keeper
Relations	Ian Healy (uncle)
International information
ODI debut	10 February 2010 v New Zealand women
Last ODI	18 February 2010 v New Zealand women
Domestic team information
Years	Team
2007–present	New South Wales
Career statistics
Competition	WODI	WT20I	WNCL
Matches	5	5	28
Runs scored	25	17	365
Batting average	6.25	5.66	21.47
100s/50s	0/0	0/0	0/2
Top score	21	7	89*
Catches/stumpings	5/1	1/0	16/10
Source: CricketArchive, 12 March 2010

Alyssa Jean Healy (born 24 March 1990 on the Gold Coast, Queensland) is a cricketer who plays for New South Wales and the Australian women's team. She made her international debut in February 2010.^[1][2]

A right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper, she is the daughter of Greg Healy, who was part of the Queensland squad, while her uncle Ian Healy was Australia's Test wicket-keeper and held the world record for the most Test dismissals. Healy first came to prominence in late 2006 when she became the first girl to play among boys in the private schools' competition in New South Wales. She moved up the state age group ranks and made her debut for the senior New South Wales team in the 2007–08 season. She played most of her first two seasons as a specialist batsman due to the presence of Leonie Coleman—a wicket-keeper for Australia—in the state side. Coleman left New South Wales at the start of the 2009–10 season and Healy took up the glovework on a full-time basis for her state. During the same season, she recorded her highest score of 89 not out as faster than a run a ball, and made the most dismissals of any wicket-keeper in the Women's National Cricket League.

Following the injury to Australian captain and wicket-keeper Jodie Fields, Healy was given her international debut in the 2010 Rose Bowl series against New Zealand. She played in the first five One Day Internationals (ODIs) and five Twenty20 (T20) internationals, but was dropped for the last three ODIs during the New Zealand leg of the series. Healy played in every match of the 2010 World Twenty20 as Australia won the tournament after an unbeaten campaign.

Early years[link]

Healy is the daughter of Greg, who was a member of the Queensland squad, while Greg's younger brother Ian was Australia's Test wicket-keeper from the late 1980s until 1999 and was the world record holder for the most Test dismissals.^[1] Another uncle, Ken, played for Queensland.^[2] Despite the family heritage, and watching her uncle represent Australia, she said that she did not become interested in cricket until she moved from Queensland to Sydney as a child and was coaxed into taking up the sport by a friend.^[3]

Her selection at the age of 16 in late 2006 as wicket-keeper for Barker College First XI, the first time a girl had been picked to play among boys in the elite private schools' cricket competition in New South Wales, drew press commentary from various sources. This came about after an anonymous person, believed to be a former male student, circulated an email entitled "Save Barker Cricket Now" in the school community attacking the selection as a "disgrace" and calling for gender segregation of the cricket team.^[4] The sportsmaster of Barker College condemned the anonymous writer as "gutless" and maintained that Healy's selection was based on merit.^[4] Ian Healy and Alex Blackwell, a cricketer for the Australian women's team and former Barker student, also defended the selection and criticised the email author. The emailer was also criticised, and Alyssa Healy commended, by social commentators in newspapers.^[4][5][6][7] In 2010, she reflected "I'd do it all again...I really enjoyed playing school cricket with the boys and it definitely helped lift my skills and tighten my technique."^[8] Both she and Australian team-mate Ellyse Perry have publicly advocated girls playing against boys.^[8]

In January 2007, Healy was selected in the New South Wales team to play in the Under-19 interstate competition. Opening the batting in all three matches and keeping in only the second of these, she scored 47, 73 and 41 in her first three three matches, and took one catch.^[9] She went on to end with 345 runs at a batting average of 57.50, topping the run-scorers list and was named the best under-17 player at the tournament.^[10] The following month, she was selected in the Australia Youth team, composed of under-23 cricketers, to play against New Zealand A, the only player selected before making their senior domestic debut.^[10] She scored 10 not out, 41 and 63 in three matches, and made one stumping.^[9] Her 63 from 84 balls in the final match was the top-score for the Australians, but it was not enough to prevent a 22-run defeat.^[11] She played as a wicket-keeper batting in the middle-order in the first match, and opened in the last two matches, playing purely as a batsman. The series ended 1–1 after the second match was tied.^[9]

Senior domestic debut[link]

At the start of the 2007–08 season, she made her senior debut for the New South Wales Breakers in the Australian domestic one-day league. She was used as a specialist batsman in the top-order, as Leonie Coleman, a wicket-keeper in the Australian squad, also played for New South Wales. She made her debut against South Australia and was unsuccessful to being with, scoring only 24 runs in her first five innings. After one month at senior level, she broke through with a match-winning performance in her sixth senior game. After Queensland had made 170, Healy came in with the score at 5/99 after 32 overs, with 18 overs remaining. She raised the run rate, scoring 41 not out from 50 balls, with eight fours, shepherding the tail-enders and guiding her state to a two-wicket win with 17 balls to spare.^[9][12]

New South Wales reached the final and were awarded the title because they placed first in the qualifying matches after rain washed out the deciding game.^[9][13] Healy ended the season with 78 runs at 11.14.^[9] She also played in two Twenty20 interstate matches. She scored two and made a stumping in the first match, and neither batted nor kept wicket in the latter. New South Wales prevailed in both.^[9]

At the end of the season, she was selected for the Under-23 Australian team to play a series against the senior England and Australian teams. She scored 45, 1 and 41 not out in three matches. In the third match, she combined for a second-wicket partnership of 52 with Elyse Villani, hitting six boundaries in 62 balls and guiding her team to an eight-wicket win over the Australian team.^[9][14] Playing as a specialist batsman, she also took three catches.^[9] The new 2008–09 season started the same way, with the Under-23 national team playing against Australia and India. The first match, against India, was washed out and Healy made a duck [zero] and 9 in the other matches. Playing as a batsman, she did not take a catch.^[9]

Healy again played as a batsman, with Coleman ensconced behind the stumps. In the first four matches of the new domestic season, she batted only once, scoring nine. In these matches she was placed in the lower-order and did not bowl. She was dropped after these four matches.^[9]

She then played six matches for the Second XI in the space of a week, mostly as a top-order batsman, sometimes opening and as a wicket-keeper. New South Wales won all the fixtures except for one that was abandoned due to inclement weather.^[9] She scored 120 runs at 40.00, took six catches and made three stumpings, and was recalled to the senior team after one week in the second-string outfit.^[9] In her first three matches back, Healy was placed in the middle-order and not required to bat or keep wickets.^[9] In the last league match, she scored 59 from 55 balls in a 89-run partnership at faster than a run a ball with Lisa Sthalekar against Victoria. New South Wales won by three wickets despite losing Healy and three subsequent batsmen in the closing phase of the run-chase.^[15] In the final against the same team the following week, Healy made 11 from 22 balls before being run out, but New South Wales nevertheless won by six wickets with more than 15 overs to spare to claim the title.^[16] Healy ended the one-day competition with 79 runs at 26.33.^[9] She was named Australia's 30-strong shortlist for the 2009 Women's Cricket World Cup, but was not a part of the final squad of 15.^[17]

Healy also played in two Twenty20 matches for her state during the season, scoring 35 from 27 balls against South Australia and 16 from 21 balls against Victoria.^[18][19] She was New South Wales' second top-scorer in both matches; the first was won but the second lost.^[9]

Full-time wicket-keeper[link]

Healy practicing a stumping in the Adelaide Oval nets.

After the Women's World Cup held in early 2009, Coleman transferred to play for the Australian Capital Territory, so Healy became New South Wales' gloveman on a full-time basis for the start of the 2009–10 season. After making scores of 11, 12 and 29 in her first three innings of the one-day season,^[9] she struck an unbeaten 89 against Victoria. Coming in upon the fall of Leah Poulton with the score at 1/9 after three overs, she hit 13 fours in 82 balls, putting on partnerships of 72 with Blackwell and 82 with Sthalekar. New South Wales reached their target of 187 with more than 13 overs to spare and Healy was named the Player of the Match, having earlier taken a catch and made a stumping.^[20] Her season was interrupted by her selection in the Australian Under-21 team to play against the New Zealand Emerging Players. In five matches, she scored 50 runs at 10.00, took five catches and made one stumping as Australia won the series 4–1.^[9]

In the final of the one-day competition, she scored 23 from 37 balls batting at No. 3 and took two catches as New South Wales defeated Victoria by 59 runs.^[21] Healy ended her first full season as a wicket-keeper with 208 runs at 29.71, the second-highest average in her team behind Blackwell. In 11 matches, she also took 11 catches and completed 9 stumpings, effecting more dismissals than any other player.^[22]

She made 52 runs at 13.00 in seven T20 matches.^[9] Her best score was an unbeaten 20 from 13 balls in an eight-wicket win over Tasmania. In the final, Victoria batted first and made 5/127, Healy completing a catch and stumping. In reply, Healy made a duck as New South Wales lost four wickets in the first 13 balls and were all out for 75 to lose by 22 runs.^[23]

International debut[link]

Healy in her batting kit in the Adelaide Oval nets.

Healy was selected in the Australian squad for the Rose Bowl series against New Zealand in February 2010 due to an injury to the incumbent wicketkeeper and captain Jodie Fields. The selection committee released a statement saying "Alyssa has been identified for higher honours for a number of years and now gets the chance to display her wicket-keeping skills and attacking batting on the international stage".^[24] Healy made her ODI debut at the Adelaide Oval and played in all five ODIs in the Australian leg of the series. In her first match, she scored 21 from 11 balls in the death overs, hitting four fours as Australia made 241 before bowling out the visitors for 126 to seal a 115-run win. She took one catch, removing Amy Satterthwaite from the bowling of Rene Farrell.^[25] Healy made consecutive ducks in the next two matches, and made four in the final match at Junction Oval. She had only brief opportunities with the bat in the closing stages of the innings. She ended the series with 25 runs at 6.25 and a strike rate of 100.00, five catches and a stumping.^[9][26]

She then played in the three T20s held at Bellerive Oval in Hobart. The first of these matches was a curtain-raiser to the match between the Australia and West Indies men teams, and was the first match to be shown live on free-to-air television in Australia. New Zealand batted first and Australian fast bowler Ellyse Perry extracted an outside edge from captain Aimee Watkins from the first ball of the match. The ball flew straight to Healy's mid-riff and she dropped it.^[27][28] Watkins went on to score 44 from 36 balls as New Zealand made 7/117 and Healy's only dismissal was to catch Nicola Browne from Sthalekar's off spin. Healy came to the crease at 6/107 at the end of the 19th over and had scored three runs from as many balls and found herself on strike for the final ball of the match, bowled by Browne, with Australia needing three runs for the win. The delivery was wide outside off and Healy's expansive shot took the outside edge of the bat and flew towards the vacant first slip area. It would have gone for a match-winning four runs but for New Zealand wicket-keeper Rachel Priest diving across and catching the ball one-handed in her right glove, handing the tourists a two-run victory.^[9][27][28]

Healy had little impact with the bat in the three T20s in Australia and two more at the start of the New Zealand leg of the series, scoring 17 runs at 5.66 and a strike rate of 77.27.^[29] Apart from one catch on her debut, she did not make any more dismissals. Australia lost all five matches.^[9] She was then omitted for the three ODIs in New Zealand as batsman Jess Cameron stood in as a makeshift wicket-keeper.^[9]

2010 World Twenty20[link]

Healy was selected for the 2010 World Twenty20 in the West Indies and played in every match after Fields was again forced out by injury.^{[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]} In the first warm-up match, she took two catches and did not bat as Australia lost to New Zealand by 18 runs.^[30] In the last warm-up match, she was again not required to bat and did not make a dismissal as the Australians defeated Pakistan by 82 runs.^[36]

Australia were grouped with England, South Africa and the West Indies. In the first match against England, Healy took one catch to dismiss Danielle Hazell from the bowling of Sthalekar. In pursuit of 105 for victory, Australia were struggling when Healy came to the crease with the score at 7/63 after 14.2 overs. Three wickets had fallen in the space of 16 balls, during which only three runs had been added,^[32] and England had the momentum, and 42 runs were needed from 34 balls for victory. Healy then struck three fours, making 15 from 9 balls before being dismissed by Nicki Shaw, ending a stand of 23 from 13 balls with Sthalekar. However, Rene Farrell was run out going for the winning run from the third last ball available, leaving the scores tied.^[32]

A Super Over eventuated, and Laura Marsh bowled for England. Healy came in at 1/3 after Leah Poulton fell on the fourth ball. She hit a two from the fifth ball, and was run out by Jenny Gunn while attempting to complete a second run on the sixth and final ball of Australia's Super Over, leaving them at 2/6. England also ended with 2/6 after a run out in an attempt to secure the winning run on the final ball. Australia was awarded the match because they had hit more sixes in the match—Jess Cameron scored the solitary six.^[32]

In the next match against South Africa, Healy was elevated two positions to No. 7. Coming in upon the fall of Cameron, her partner Sarah Elliott was then run out without further addition to the score. Healy hit one boundary and was then out for 8 from 6 balls at 7/151. Her dismissal was part of a sudden collapse as Australia lost 6/16 including the last four wickets for four runs to be all out for 155 with three balls unused. Healy did not make a dismissal as Australia completed a 22-run win.^[33] In the final group match against the West Indies, Healy came in at 6/111 and hit 12 from 8 balls, before being caught from the final ball of the innings as Australia finished on 7/133. She had put on 22 runs in 16 balls with Sthalekar. She caught Deandra Dottin from the bowling of Perry for a golden duck as Australia won by nine runs to finish the group stage unbeaten at the top of their quartet.^[34]

Australia went on to face India in the semi-final. Healy stumped leading Indian batsman Mithali Raj from the bowling of Sthalekar and was not required to bat as Australia reached their target of 120 with seven wickets and seven balls to spare.^[35] Australia elected to bat first in the final against New Zealand, but was top-order struggled and Healy came to the crease to join Elliott at 5/51 in the 13th over after the fall of two wickets in quick succession. The pair lifted the run rate by adding 21 runs in 18 balls. Healy scored 10 from as many balls, but was then run out attempting a second run after being dropped by Sara McGlashan in the outfield. This left the score at 6/72 in the 16th over, and Australia eventually ended on 8/106.^[37]

During the middle of the run-chase, Priest was incorrectly given out stumped by Healy after the television umpire Asad Rauf had pressed the wrong button, and he had to retract his decision. Soon after New Zealand were at 5/36 after 11 overs, leaving them with 71 runs to score from the last 54 balls, and Australia were in the ascendancy.^[38] However, New Zealand's chances were revived by Nicola Browne and Sophie Devine, who put on 41 from as many balls. In the 18th over, Healy caught Browne from Perry's bowling, and Australia went on to win by three runs after New Zealand ended on 6/103.^[38]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Alyssa Healy

References[link]

v t e Australia squad – 2010 Women's World Twenty20 (1st title) 1 Blackwell (c) 2 Cameron 3 Elliott 4 Farrell 5 Haynes 6 Healy 7 Hunter 8 Nitschke 9 Osborne 10 Perry 11 Poulton 12 Smith 13 Sthalekar 14 Villani Coach: McInnes

Rachael Haynes

Personal information
Full name	Rachael Louise Haynes
Born	(1986-12-26) 26 December 1986 (age 25) Carlton, Victoria, Australia
Batting style	Left-handed
Bowling style	Left-arm medium
International information
Only Test	10 July 2009 v England women
ODI debut	7 July 2009 v England women
Last ODI	7 March 2010 v New Zealand women
Domestic team information
Years	Team
2005/06–	Victorian Spirit
Career statistics
Competition	WTest	WODI	WT20I	WNCL
Matches	1	9	5	42
Runs scored	114	230	53	1267
Batting average	57.00	38.33	13.25	31.67
100s/50s	0/1	0/2	0/0	2/5
Top score	98	75*	16	126
Balls bowled	54	–	12	264
Wickets	1	–	3	8
Bowling average	13.00	–	6.33	27.37
5 wickets in innings	0	–	0	0
10 wickets in match	0	n/a	n/a	n/a
Best bowling	1/0	–	3/19	2/6
Catches/stumpings	0/–	0/–	4/–	12/–
Source: CricketArchive, 5 May 2010

Rachael Louise Haynes (born 26 December 1986) is a female Australian cricketer. Predominantly a batsman, she is a member of the Australian team. Haynes plays for Victoria in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL).^[1]

After rising through the junior ranks at an early age, often playing against girls three years older in interstate age-group competitions, Haynes made her senior debut for Victoria in the WNCL in 2005–06 at 19. She was not successful in her maiden season, scoring 31 runs in four innings. Haynes played a full season in 2006–07, and after making her maiden half-century, featured in the finals series against New South Wales. She made 83 in the second final as Victoria forced a third and deciding match, which they lost. Haynes ended the season with 253 runs. The following season she made one half-century and ended with 239 runs and four wickets as Victoria missed the finals.

She was selected for the Australia Youth team and in 2008–09, she scored heavily. After breaking through for her maiden century, she made 98 not out in another match and ended the season with 357 runs at 44.62 and two wickets, despite making a duck in the final won by New South Wales. Despite this, she was overlooked for national selection and missed the 2009 World Cup hosted by Australia. Haynes was called into the national squad for the tour of England in mid 2009 and made her debut in the final One Day International (ODI), making 26 in a rain-abandoned match. She then made her Test debut, scoring 98 in her maiden innings.

During the 2009–10 WNCL, Haynes struck a career-best 126 and added 85 in a later match, ending the season with 397 runs at 39.70. She was selected for the Rose Bowl series against New Zealand, top-scoring with 56 and 75 not out in two matches in her first series on home soil and ending the ODIs with 173 runs at 86.50. She made her Twenty20 international debut, playing in all five matches, scoring 53 runs at 13.25.

Early career[link]

Haynes was selected for Victoria's team for the Under-17 interstate tournament in March 2001, aged just 14 years and three months. She did not have much success in her first year; she was selected for only two matches and made 10 in her only innings. The following year, she returned and scored 28 before taking 2/3 in the first match as Victoria defeated the Australian Capital Territory by 221 runs.^[2] These were her best batting and bowling performances for the series and she ended with 84 runs at 16.80 and three wickets at 7.66 from five matches.^[2] In January 2003, a week after turning 16, she was in the Victorian team for the Under-19 interstate competition, and did not have a great impact in her five matches, scoring 54 runs at 13.50—being run out twice—and taking one wicket.^[2] The following January, Haynes returned and took 6/13 in Victoria's opening match, as they dismissed Western Australia for only 27 and went on to a ten-wicket win.^[2] She later top-scored with 45 not out against New South Wales and ended the tournament by scoring 89 and then taking 2/11 as Victoria crushed the Australian Capital Territory by 314 runs.^[2] In total, she scored 159 runs at 53.00 and took 12 wickets at 10.75.^[2]

Domestic debut[link]

Mid-way through the 2005–06 season, Haynes was called up to make her senior debut with Victoria in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL). She played four matches with little success, scoring 31 runs at 7.75 and not bowling. She continued to have a high incidence of being run out; she had been dismissed 3 times out of 14 in interstate youth cricket in such a way, and fell in that manner in consecutive innings against Queensland.^[2]

Haynes played in all 11 of Victoria's WNCL matches in 2006–07. After a slow start to the season, passing 12 only once in the first six matches, she hit 60, her maiden half-century at senior level, against Queensland, setting up a 47-run win.^[2] Victoria won six of their eight round-robin matches to qualify second for the three-match finals series, which were hosted by New South Wales in Sydney.^[2] In the first match, Haynes scored 15 as the hosts were bowled out for 136 and New South Wales reached their target of 137 with only one wicket in hand.^[2] In the second match, Haynes top-scored with an unbeaten 83 as the visitors levelled the series, reaching the target of 145 with eight wickets in hand. She made only two Victoria batted first and made 7/205, and the hosts reached the target with three wickets in hand to take the title.^[2] Haynes ended her season with 253 runs at 25.30 and one wicket at 32.00.^[2]

Haynes was called into the Australia Youth team for a three-match series against New Zealand A at the end of the season, but was unable to make a substantial score, aggregating 26 runs at 13.00 as the series was drawn 1–1.^[2]

Haynes fielding a ball at practice.

In the 2007–08 season, Haynes played in all eight of Victoria's WNCL matches. She started the season with 69 and 1/4 in a 97-run win over Western Australia, and then made 38 and 47 as Victoria lost both matches to New South Wales. This was the start of run of five consecutive defeats for Victoria, and Haynes was not productive during the second half of the season, making only 59 runs in her last four innings. Victoria won only three of their matches and missed the finals; Haynes ended with 239 runs at 29.87 and four wickets at 27.25.^[2] She had little success in Victoria's two Twenty20 matches, making 3 not out in her only innings and taking 2/2 against Queensland.^[2]

At the end of the season, Haynes scored 63 not out for Victoria against the touring England team, guiding her state to a nine-wicket win. She was selected for the Under-21 national team to play against England and Australia, and made 81 runs at 27.00 in the three matches.^[2] Haynes scored heavily during the 2008–09 WNCL. After scoring 40 in the opening match of the season against South Australia, she struck 105 in the fourth match against Queensland, her maiden century, helping her state of a one run/wicket win.^[2] Two matches later, she struck an unbeaten 98 in a six-wicket win over Western Australia. However, her form petered out at the end of the season. In the last double-header of the season against New South Wales, she scored 36 and 5, as the defending champions won both matches, and in the final played the following week, she was run out for a duck as Victoria were dismissed for 117; New South Wales won by six wickets.^[2]

Haynes ended the season with 357 runs at 44.62 and took two wickets at 34.50 at an economy rate of 5.30.^[2] In two T20 matches, she 58 runs at 58.00 and took one wicket at 38.00 and an economy rate of 7.60.^[2] In the second match, she scored an unbeaten 33 to guide Victoria to a one-wicket win over New South Wales.^[2]

International debut[link]

Haynes hitting a cover drive in the Adelaide Oval nets.

Despite these performances, Haynes was overlooked for international selection. She missed the Rose Bowl series against New Zealand at the end of the season, and the World Cup held in Australia. She was also overlooked for the World Twenty20 held in England in June, although she was selected to join the squad for the bilateral series against the hosts after the end of the tournament.^[2]

After the hosts had taken a 4–0 lead, Haynes made her international debut in the fifth and final One Day International against England at Lord's. Upon the fall of opener Leah Poulton, Haynes came in at No. 3 to join Shelley Nitschke and scored 26 from 45 balls, hitting four fours before being bowled by Holly Colvin. The match was abandoned due to rain before Australia's innings was completed.^[3]

Haynes then made her Test debut in the one-off match at New Road, Worcester. Australia batted first and collapsed to be 5/28 after the first hour, bringing Haynes to the crease to join captain Jodie Fields. The pair added a world record partnership of 228 runs from 75.3 overs before Fields fell for 139 late on the first day with the score at 6/257.^[4] Haynes narrowly missed a Test century on debut, bowled by off spinner Laura Marsh for 98, which caused stumps to be taken at 7/271. The next day the tourists were dismissed 309. Haynes then bowled four overs without conceding a run, taking her maiden Test wicket, bowling Nicki Shaw as Australia took a 41-run lead.^[4] Batting at No. 9, Haynes made 16 from 18 balls in the second innings before being stumped by Sarah Taylor as the visitors set England 273 for victory. The home team reached 3/106 when time ran out as Haynes took 0/13 in the second innings.^[2][4]

The WNCL was expanded in 2009–10 with the addition of the ACT, so ten round-robin matches were scheduled, and Haynes played in all but one match for the season, scoring 397 runs at 39.70. Haynes struggled to convert her starts into large scores in the first six innings posting scores ranging from 16 to 32. In the seventh match, she struck a career-best 126 as Victoria amassed 3/295 to defeat South Australia by 67 runs.^[2] She followed this with 37 and 85 in consecutive wins of the ACT. Victoria again met New South Wales in the final, and they defended their title successfully by securing a 59-run win. Haynes was again unsuccessful in the decider, making only four. Haynes only bowled once during the competition, taking 1/9 from two overs against the ACT.^[2]

Haynes was not as successful in the domestic T20s, now part of a full interstate tournament, scoring 67 runs at 11.16 with a best score of 21 and taking one wickets at 33.00 at an economy rate of 8.25.^[2] Victoria met New South Wales in the final and she scored 17 as they completed a 52-run win.^[2]

Haynes was retained for the Rose Bowl series against New Zealand in early 2010 and played in all of the five ODIs in Australia. Opening the innings with Nitschke after Poulton was dropped, she top-scored in the first ODI at Adelaide Oval with 56 from 73 balls, helping the hosts to 241 and a 115-run win.^[2][5][6] In the next match, she made 8 from 25 balls as Australia won by four wickets on the Duckworth-Lewis method. From the third match onwards, she was moved down into the middle-order to accommodate Poulton at the top of the order alongside Nitschke.^[6] Haynes scored 34 not out from 29 balls in the third match at the death, pushing Australia to 7/238. After not being required to bat in a ten-wicket win in the fourth match, she top-scored again in the fifth match, hitting an unbeaten 75 from 74 balls, including eight fours, to set up a 103-run win and a 5–0 clean sweep. Haynes ended with 173 runs at 86.50 at a strike rate of 86.06.^[2][5][6]

The ODIs were followed by three T20 matches at Bellerive Oval in Hobart and two more in New Zealand. Haynes played in all five as New Zealand completed a clean sweep. In the first match, her T20 debut, she came in at No. 6 and was unbeaten on 14 from 16 balls and watching from the non-striker's end as her partner Alyssa Healy was caught from the last ball of the match, handing New Zealand a two-run win.^[2][7] In the following match, Australia batted first and Haynes was promoted to No. 4, but struggled to generate momentum, making 15 from 22 balls. In the third match, she was out for 16 from as many balls at No. 6, run out as Australia lost their third match in a row.^[2][7] She continued to struggle in the last two matches, making 5 from 7 balls in Wellington before being promoted to open in the final match in Christchurch, making 3 from 5 balls.^[7] Haynes was not successful in the T20s, scoring 53 runs at 13.25 at a strike rate of 80.25.^[2][7] She bowled for the only time during the bilateral series in the fourth T20 match, taking 3/19 from two overs.^[2][5][8]

The series concluded with three ODIs in New Zealand, which the tourists swept 3–0. Haynes was not as successful as she was in the ODIs in Australian scoring 31 runs at 10.33 and a strike rate of 45.58.^[2][6]

2010 World Twenty20[link]

Haynes bowling in the Adelaide Oval nets.

Haynes was selected for the 2010 World Twenty20 in the West Indies but spent almost the entire tournament watching from the sidelines, playing in only one warm-up match.^{[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]} In the first warm-up match, against New Zealand, she took 0/12 from two overs and then did not bat as Australia made 5/118.^[9] She did not play in the next preparatory match as the Australians defeated Pakistan by 82 runs.^[10] There was no room for Haynes after fellow Victorian Elyse Villani was brought in to open the batting and the other batsmen were moved down a position. Villani had made 6 from 10 balls and 45 from 36 balls in the two lead-in matches.^[9][10][11]

Australia won all three group matches, and then the semi-final and final to take the tournament, and Villani was persisted with throughout even though she only aggregated 28 runs at 5.60 with a strike rate of 73.68.^{[11][12][13][14][15]}

References[link]