A film producer oversees and delivers a film project to the film studio or other financing entity, while preserving the integrity, voice and vision of the film. They will also often take on some financial risk by using their own money, especially during the pre-production period, before a film is fully financed. Many film producers also have competency in other fields (directors, screenwriters, actors) but that is not always the case.

The producer is often actively involved throughout all major phases of the filmmaking process, from inception and development to completion and delivery of a film project.^[1] However, an idea or concept for a film can originate with any individual, including a screenwriter, a director or a producer.

Role[link]

A producer begins by obtaining the rights to create or co-create a feature-length screenplay. The producer oversees the process, which includes coordinating, supervising and controlling major aspects of the project. This includes fundraising and hiring key roles such as the casting director or film director. They'll also influence the hiring of other personnel such as the UPM or line producer and accountant.^[2]

Comparison to other producer roles[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

An executive producer is usually a person representing a financial investor in a film project, such as a movie studio or a distributor, but who is not directly involved in the day-to-day production. It can also be someone with other special interests in the project, such as the author of the book that the film is based on, or one of the movie's key actors who has been instrumental in persuading the studio to do the movie. In such cases, the executive producer credit is mainly honorary.

Associate producers and co-producers are also separate from the role of producer. They also support the producer to some degree, although not to the extent of an executive producer.

A line producer is a hands-on role which controls the day-to-day financial and production concerns and is there to support the vision of the director during production.

References[link]

Notes

Further reading

Andrew Lazar (born 1966) is an American film producer and graduate of the New York University Tisch School of the Arts.

Filmography[link]

• Assassins (1995)
• Unforgettable (1996)
• Bound (1996)
• 10 Things I Hate About You (1999)
• The Astronaut's Wife (1999)
• Panic (2000)
• Space Cowboys (2000)
• Lucky Numbers (2000)
• Cats & Dogs (2001)
• Death to Smoochy (2002)
• Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002)
• Catch That Kid (2004)
• Get Smart (2008)
• Get Smart's Bruce and Lloyd: Out of Control (2008)
• I Love You Phillip Morris (2009)
• Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore (2010)
• Jonah Hex (2010)
• Akira (2011)

External links[link]

• Andrew Lazar at the Internet Movie Database

This biographical article related to cinema of the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Gareth Edwards

Full name	Gareth Owen Edwards
Date of birth	(1947-07-12) 12 July 1947 (age 64)
Place of birth	Pontardawe, Wales
School	Millfield
University	Cardiff College of Education
Rugby union career
Playing career
Position	Scrum-half
Amateur clubs
Years	Club / team
1966-1978	Cardiff RFC
National team(s)
Years	Club / team	Caps	(points)
1967-1978 1971-1974	Wales British Lions	53 10	(88) 0(3)

Gareth Owen Edwards CBE (born 12 July 1947) is a former Welsh rugby union footballer who played scrum-half and has been described by the BBC as "arguably the greatest player ever to don a Welsh jersey".^[1]

In 2003, a poll of international rugby players conducted by Rugby World magazine, Edwards was declared the greatest player of all time. In 2007, former England captain Will Carling published his list of the '50 Greatest Rugby players' in The Telegraph, and ranked Edwards the greatest player ever, stating; "He was a supreme athlete with supreme skills, the complete package. He played in the 1970s, but, if he played now, he would still be the best. He was outstanding at running, passing, kicking and reading the game. He sits astride the whole of rugby as the ultimate athlete on the pitch".^[2]

Edwards was prominent in the Welsh national team that was to the fore in European rugby in the 60s and 70s.

In the 2007 New Year Honours, Edwards was made a CBE for services to sport.^[3]

Early life[link]

Edwards was born a miner's son in Gwaun-cae-Gurwen, Wales. He attended Pontardawe Technical School (now Cwmtawe Community School) for Boys where, he was taken under the wing of sports teacher Bill Samuels.

He won a scholarship to the elite Millfield Public School in Somerset. Apart from rugby, Edwards showed promise in a wide range of sports, playing for West Wales Youth soccer team, and signing for Swansea Town at the age of 16. He also showed prowess in gymnastics and athletics.^[4]

Playing career[link]

Wales[link]

Image of Edwards on a wall at Cardiff Arms Park

Edwards won his first international cap for Wales on 1 April 1967 at the age of 19 against France in Paris.^[5] Wales lost 20-14 to eventual championship winners France.^[6] Between 1967 and 1978 Edwards won 53 caps for Wales, including 13 as captain. All his caps were won in succession; he never had a dip in form or an injury that would allow anybody else to take his place. He scored twenty tries in internationals.

Edwards is Wales's youngest ever captain, first taking the captaincy at the age of 20 in February 1968 against Scotland - a game which the Welsh side won 5 - 0.^[7] Edwards was very fortunate in playing with two of the best outside halves the game has ever seen: Barry John and Phil Bennett. In the early part of his career, Edwards and his club team mate Barry John appeared inseparable, always knowing what the other was doing. During his era the Welsh side dominated the Five Nations Championship, winning the title seven times, including three grand slams. In 1969, Edwards was named Player of the Year in Wales.

In 1974 Edwards was named BBC Wales Sports Personality of the year. He followed up this success by receiving an MBE in 1975.

Edwards's long successful international career came to an end on 18 March 1978 in the same way as he had started his career - against France in the Five Nations Championship. However, unlike on his debut, Edwards celebrated with a 16-7 winning finish in front of a home crowd at the Arms Park in Cardiff. Wales also sealed the Grand Slam and a third consecutive Triple Crown - a record, given that no team had ever won it more than twice in a row.^[8] To crown his achievements he was named Rothmans Player of the Year 1978.

British Lions[link]

Edwards also played ten times for the British Lions, playing for the legendary 1971 Lions team that was the only such team to win a series in New Zealand, and for the unbeaten 1974 side in South Africa.

Cardiff RFC[link]

He made his debut for Cardiff RFC against Coventry on 17 September 1966. All in all he played 12 season for Cardiff, scoring 69 tries in 195 games.

Other[link]

Edwards also played for Cardiff College, Wales Secondary Schools, East Wales, Wales, Barbarians, Wolfhounds, Irish President XV, World XV in South Africa in 1977, the combined England and Wales against Scotland and Ireland at the RFU centenary in 1971, first Wales Sevens team SRU centenary in 1973, and the RAF (though not in the Services) on tour in Cyprus 1972.^[4]

[edit] That Try

Edwards' try for the Barbarians against the All Blacks in 1973 at Cardiff Arms Park, often referred to simply as 'that try', is regarded as the greatest try ever. The move starts with a deep kick from the New Zealand winger. The ball dropped towards Phil Bennett near to his goal line. Bennett side-stepped and evaded three tackles, in turn passing the ball to JPR Williams. It next passed through four pairs of hands (Pullin, Dawes, David and Quinnell) before Edwards, slipping between two teammates and seemingly intercepting the last pass, finished with a diving try in the left-hand corner.

Cliff Morgan's now legendary commentary of the try describes it thus: "Kirkpatrick to Williams. This is great stuff. Phil Bennett covering, chased by Alistair Scowan. Brilliant! Oh, that's brilliant! John Williams, Brian Williams, Pullin, John Dawes. Great dummy! David, Tom David, the half-way line. Brilliant by Quinnell. This is Gareth Edwards. A dramatic start. What a score! Oh that fellow Edwards". The Barbarians won the game 23-11.^[9]

In a UK poll conducted by Channel 4 in 2002 British rugby supporters voted Edwards's historic try for the Barbarians #20 in the list of the 100 Greatest Sporting Moments.^[10]

Post-playing career[link]

The sculpture of Gareth Edwards in St. David's Centre

When he wrote his autobiography he was branded a "professional" and was temporarily prevented from coaching or being involved in any way with the sport of rugby union.

From 1978 until 1982 Edwards was a team captain on the TV quiz show A Question of Sport along with Liverpool and England footballer Emlyn Hughes.^[11]

In 1997, Edwards was one of the first fifteen former players inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame along with (among others) former playing partners Barry John and JPR Williams.^[12] He is also the subject of a plaque in the Rugby Pathway of Fame in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, which is credited as the home of the game.

On 21 November 2001, Edwards was voted the "Greatest Welsh Player of all time" at a rugby dinner held at the Cardiff International Arena by the 'Welsh Rugby Former International Players' Association' and First Press Events company. Voting took place via the Western Mail, South Wales Echo, Wales on Sunday and the nine Celtic Press titles. The public votes were then sifted by a team of experts and a 'crowd' of almost 1,000 packed into the CIA to discover who were the 'Greatest'.^[13]

In a poll of international rugby players conducted in 2003 by Rugby World magazine, Edwards was declared the greatest player of all time. Surprisingly, Edwards has admitted that All Black scrum-half Sid Going most likely got the better of him over their seven encounters, "As I say, he was the best I played against and, yes, he probably had the edge on me in the games we played". Edwards does however think that the pack Going was playing behind may have helped, "...I wouldn't have minded playing with the back row the All Blacks had...then Sid might not have come out on top".^[14]

He now commentates on the game for the BBC and S4C, commentating for the latter in Welsh, his mother tongue. He is also a director at the Cardiff Blues region, director of Mercedes dealership Euro Commercials Ltd. and President of Cardiff Institute for the Blind.^[4]

A sculpture of Gareth Edwards stands in the St. David's Centre, Cardiff.

In 1990 he set a British angling record when he landed a pike weighing 45 lb 6oz at Llandegfedd Reservoir near Pontypool. Edwards held the record for two years.

Edwards is patron of The Richard Hunt Foundation^[15] and in 2010 he was named a Patron of the Jaguar Academy of Sport^[16] .

See also[link]

• Welsh Rugby Union

References[link]

External links[link]

• Wales profile
• "Gareth Edwards". sporting-heroes.net. http://www.sporting-heroes.net/rugby-heroes/displayhero.asp?HeroID=1165. Retrieved 2007-08-21. 
• Keating, Frank (2007-04-03). "This is Gareth Edwards' dramatic finish - what a score". London: The Guardian. http://sport.guardian.co.uk/columnists/story/0,,2048668,00.html. Retrieved 2007-08-21. 
• Taylor, John (2007-08-02). "Edwards reaches another milestone". scrum.com. http://www.scrum.com/39_46590.php. Retrieved 2007-08-21. 
• "Welsh Rugby Legends Name The Greatest Of The Welsh Greats". ercrugby.com. 2002-11-22. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930200230/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/5018_2136.php. Retrieved 2007-08-21. 
• Kimmage, Paul (2007-03-25). "Leader of the backs". London: timesonline.co.uk. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/columnists/paul_kimmage/article1564157.ece. Retrieved 2007-08-21. 
• "Gareth Edwards". scrum.com. http://www.scrum.com/1200_1205.php?player=25930&includeref=dynamic. Retrieved 2007-08-21. 
• "Gareth Edwards". rugbyhalloffame.com. http://www.rugbyhalloffame.com/pages/edwards1997.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-21. 
• "The Wales rugby hero's greatest tries". bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/walesonair/database/garethedwards.shtml. Retrieved 2007-10-05.