An acrostic (from French acrostiche < post-classical Latin acrostichis < Hellenistic Greek: ἀκροστιχίς, from ancient Greek: ἄκρος 'highest, topmost' + στίχος 'verse')^[1] is a poem or other form of writing in which the first letter, syllable or word of each line, paragraph or other recurring feature in the text spells out a word or a message.^[2] As a form of constrained writing, an acrostic can be used as a mnemonic device to aid memory retrieval. A famous acrostic was made in Greek for the acclamation JESUS CHRIST, GOD'S SON, SAVIOUR (Greek: Ιησούς Χριστός, Θεού Υιός, Σωτήρ; Iesous CHristos, THeou Yios, Soter — ch and th being each one letter in Greek). The initials spell ICHTHYS (ΙΧΘΥΣ), Greek for fish – hence the frequent use of the fish as a symbol for Jesus Christ from the early days of Christianity to the present time.

Overview[link]

Relatively simple acrostics may merely spell out the letters of the alphabet in order; such an acrostic may be called an 'alphabetical acrostic' or Abecedarius. These acrostics occur in the first four of the five songs that make up the Book of Lamentations, in the praise of the good wife in Proverbs 31, 10-31, and in Psalms 9, 10, 25, 34, 37, 111, 112, 119 and 145 of the Hebrew Bible.^[3] Notable among the acrostic Psalms are the long Psalm 119, which typically is printed in subsections named after the letters of the Hebrew alphabet, each of which is featured in that section; and Psalm 145, which is recited three times a day in the Jewish services. Acrostics prove that the texts in question were originally composed in writing, rather than having existed in oral tradition before being put into writing.

Acrostics are common in medieval literature, where they most commonly serve to highlight the name of the poet or his patron, or to make a prayer to a saint. They are most common in verse works but can also appear in prose.

Often the ease of detectability of an acrostic can depend on the intention of its creator. In some cases an author may desire an acrostic to have a better chance of being perceived by an observant reader, such as the acrostic contained in the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (where the key capital letters are decorated with ornate embellishments), or as in the poem To Doctor Empiric (by Ben Jonson) which is a verse outlined after the word W-O-L-F giving emphasis to, and capitalizing the key letters so such acrostic is relatively easier to discern.^[4] However, acrostics may also be used as a form of steganography, where the author seeks to conceal the message rather than proclaim it. This might be achieved by making the key letters uniform in appearance with the surrounding text, or by aligning the words in such a way that the relationship between the key letters is less obvious. This is referred to as null ciphers in steganography, using the first letter of each word to form a hidden message in an otherwise innocuous text.^[5] Using letters to hide a message, as in acrostic ciphers, was popular during the Renaissance, and could employ various methods of enciphering, such as selecting other letters than initials based on a repeating pattern (equidistant letter sequences), or even concealing the message by starting at the end of the text and working backwards.^[6]

Examples[link]

Secreted in the Dutch national anthem Het Wilhelmus^[7](The William) is also an acrostic: the first letters of its fifteen stanzas spell WILLEM VAN NASSOV. This was one of the hereditary titles of William of Orange (William the Silent), who introduces himself in the poem to the Dutch people. This title also returned in 2010 in the Troonrede, the Dutch State of the Union. The first 15 lines formed also WILLEM VAN NASSOV.

The classic mnemonic device for remembering planets is a well known example. Take the first letters of each planet in order and make a sentence with them as the first letters of each word. Although slightly modified of late it still works.

<poem style="margin-left: 2em"> My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nachos

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune </poem>

There is a classic example of acrostic poem in English written by Edgar Allan Poe is entitled simply "An Acrostic"^[8]:

<poem style="margin-left: 2em"> Elizabeth it is in vain you say "Love not" — thou sayest it in so sweet a way: In vain those words from thee or L.E.L. Zantippe's talents had enforced so well: Ah! if that language from thy heart arise, Breath it less gently forth — and veil thine eyes. Endymion, recollect, when Luna tried To cure his love — was cured of all beside — His follie — pride — and passion — for he died. </poem>

In Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass, the final chapter "A Boat, Beneath A Sunny Sky"^[9] is an acrostic of the real Alice's name: Alice Pleasance Liddell. <poem style="margin-left: 2em"> A boat, beneath a sunny sky Lingering onward dreamily In an evening of July -

Children three that nestle near, Eager eye and willing ear, Pleased a simple tale to hear -

Long has paled that sunny sky: Echoes fade and memories die: Autumn frosts have slain July.

Still she haunts me, phantomwise, Alice moving under skies Never seen by waking eyes.

Children yet, the tale to hear, Eager eye and willing ear, Lovingly shall nestle near.

In a Wonderland they lie, Dreaming as the days go by, Dreaming as the summers die:

Ever drifting down the stream - Lingering in the golden gleam - Life, what is it but a dream? </poem>

Contained in A Calendar Acrostic is another example where the initial letters spell out the months of the year:

<poem style="margin-left: 2em"> JANet was quite ill one day. FEBrile trouble came her way. MARtyr-like, she lay in bed; APRoned nurses softly sped. MAYbe, said the leech judicial JUNket would be beneficial. JULeps, too, though freely tried, AUGured ill, for Janet died. SEPulchre was sadly made. OCTaves pealed and prayers were said. NOVices with ma'y a tear DECorated Janet's bier. </poem>

In January 2010, Jonathan I. Schwartz, the CEO of Sun Microsystems, sent an email to Sun employees on the completion of the acquisition of Sun by Oracle Corporation. The initial letters of the first seven paragraphs spelled "Beat IBM".^[10]

James May, presenter on the BBC program Top Gear, was fired from the publication Autocar for spelling out a message using the large red initial at the beginning of each review in the publication's Road Test Yearbook Issue for 1992. Properly punctuated, the message reads: "So you think it's really good? Yeah, you should try making the bloody thing up. It's a real pain in the arse."^[11]

Multiple acrostics[link]

Acrostics can be more complex than just by making words from initials. A double acrostic, for example, may have words at the beginning and end of its lines, as this example, on the name of Stroud, by Paul Hansford - <poem style="margin-left: 2em"> Set among hills in the midst of five valleyS, This peaceful little market town we inhabiT Refuses (vociferously!) to be a conformeR. Once home of the cloth it gave its name tO, Uphill and down again its streets lead yoU. Despite its faults it leaves us all charmeD. </poem>

This example can be considered a more complex form of acrostic. This classical poetry is titled Behold, O God!^[12] written by William Browne published in 1815 in his book "Original Poems By William Browne." The poem has highlighted letters inside its verses such that when they are grouped together, printed as red letters in the manuscript, the letters depict three crosses and the topmost middle cross reads "INRI", in Latin means "Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum" translated as "Jesus of Nazareth King of Jews." The crosses contain verses from the New Testament. The left cross contains Luke 23:42 "Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom." The middle cross contains Matthew 27:46 "O God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?" The right cross contains Luke 23:39 "If thou art the Christ, save thyself and us." The three quotes represent the three figures crucified on Golgotha, as recorded in the gospels of Matthew and Luke.

<poem style="margin-left: 2em"> BEHOLD, O God! IN RIvers of my tears I come to thee! bow down thy blessed ears To hear me, wretch, and let thine eyes (which sleep Did never close) behold a sinner weep: Let not, O GOD, MY GOD, my faults through great, And numberless, betWeen thy mercy's seat And my poor soul be tHrown! since we are taught, Thou, LORD, REMEMBER'st thYne, IF THOU [ART] be sought. I coME not, Lord, witH any oTHEr merit Than WHat I by my SAviour CHrist inherit: Be thEN his woundS my balm; his stRIpes my bliss; My crown his THorns; my deaTh be loST in his. And thOU, my blesT Redeemer, SAviour, God, Quit my acCOunts, withHold the VEngeful rod! O beg for ME! my hOpes on Thee are set; And ChriST forgiVe, as well as pay tHe debt The livINg fount, the liFe, the waY, I know, And but TO thee, O whither Should I go? All oTHer helps aRe vain: grant thinE to me, For in thY cross my Saving heaLth must be. O hearKen then whAt I with Faith implore, Lest SIN and Death sinK me for evermore.

</poem>

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Acrostics

• Acronym and initialism
• Backronym
• Mesostic
• O Antiphons
• Word square

References[link]

External links[link]

Look up acrostic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• An unflattering gravestone acrostic poem in a Montreal cemetery
• Acrostic epitaph of Gustavus Conyngham

Paul Nathaniel Barman better known as MC Paul Barman (born October 30, 1974, in Ridgewood, New Jersey) is a Jewish- American emcee from Ridgewood, New Jersey, who attended Brown University.^[1]

"Enter Pan-Man," from his self-produced 7-inch Postgraduate Work (Househusband Records, 1998), attracted the attention of Prince Paul, and the two collaborated, releasing the It's Very Stimulating EP in 2000 on Wordsound. Paullelujah! followed in late 2002, with production by Prince Paul, MF DOOM, MikeTheMusicGuy and Phofo. He has appeared on records with Deltron 3030 and Masta Ace, and has toured with Del tha Funkee Homosapien and Blackalicious. In film he made a cameo in the 2008 Michel Gondry film Be Kind Rewind and in the same year narrated the satirical political short Because Washington is Hollywood for Ugly People.^[2] While Barman is culturally Jewish, religiously he is an atheist.^[3] He also performs regularly on tracks by DJ Yoda.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• 2000: It's Very Stimulating EP (Wordsound)
• 2002: Paullelujah! (Coup d'État)
• 2009: Thought Balloon Mushroom Cloud (Househusband)

Singles[link]

• 1998: Postgraduate Work 7" (Househusband)
• 2000: How Hard Is That? 12" (Matador OLE 447)
• 2001: Cock Mobster 12" (Coup d'État)

Guest appearances[link]

• 2000: Deltron 3030, Deltron 3030 (track 13, "Meet Cleofis Randolph the Patriarch")
• 2000: MF Doom, "MM..LeftOvers" (track 6, "Hot Guacamole")
• 2001: DJ Yoda, How to Cut and Paste Mix Tape Vol.1 (track 15, "Salvation Barmy")
• 2001: Mr. Dead, Metabolics Volume II: Dawn of the Dead (track 14, "Chemically Imbalanced")
• 2005: Prince Paul, Itstrumental ("Inside Your Mind", "The Night My Girlfriend Left Me")
• 2006: DJ Yoda, The Amazing Adventures of DJ Yoda (Track 21 "SALAAM")
• 2007: Memory Man feat. Busdriver, Live from Death Row 12" (Track 1 "Live from Death Row")

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Web site
• Barman interviews RZA from Wu-Tang Clan - Wired.com
• Paul Barman is the Jewish Eminem

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2010)

David Del Tredici, born March 16, 1937 in Cloverdale, California, is an American composer. According to Del Tredici's website, Aaron Copland said David Del Tredici "is that rare find among composers — a creator with a truly original gift. I venture to say that his music is certain to make a lasting impression on the American musical scene."

After making his piano debut with the San Francisco Symphony at 17, he went on to receive a B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley and an M.F.A. in 1964 from Princeton University, studying with composers Earl Kim, Seymour Shifrin, and Roger Sessions.

Much of his early work consisted of elaborate vocal settings of James Joyce: I Hear an Army; Night Conjure-Verse; Syzygy; and a decade long obsession with the work of Lewis Carroll (Pop-Pourri, An Alice Symphony, Vintage Alice and Adventures Underground, and Final Alice, to name just a few of these works). He was awarded a Pulitzer prize in 1980 for In Memory of a Summer Day, the first part of Child Alice, recorded by Phyllis Bryn-Julson and the Saint Louis Symphony conducted by Leonard Slatkin for the Nonesuch label. Sir Georg Solti made the first recording of his epic Final Alice"^[1]" with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. His later works have included many vocal settings of contemporary poets such as Allen Ginsberg, Thom Gunn, Paul Monette, James Broughton, Colette Inez, and Alfred Corn -- often celebrating a gay sensibility (three examples: Gay Life, Love Addiction and Wondrous the Merge "^[2]" ). OUT Magazine has twice named Del Tredici one of its people of the year. While trained in serial technique, Del Tredici now writes in a tonal style; he is one of the clearest exemplars of neoromanticism.

In addition to the Pulitzer Prize, he has also received a Guggenheim Fellowship and Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, a Brandeis Creative Arts Award, a Friedheim Award, grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, and election to the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. His works are regularly commissioned by major orchestras in America and abroad. His On Wings of Song was premiered in New York City in 2004 as part of the Riverside Opera Ensemble's 20th Anniversary Concert.

Distinguished Professor of Music at The City College of New York, Del Tredici makes his home in Greenwich Village.

Notable Students[link]

• John Adams
• Richard St. Clair
• Tison Street
• Randall Woolf

Notable works[link]

• Soliloquy for piano solo (1958)
• Six Songs for voice and piano (text by James Joyce) (1959)
• Scherzo for piano, four hands (1960)
• I Hear An Army (text by James Joyce) (1964)
• Pot-Pourri for amplified soprano, rock group, chorus, and orchestra (1968)
• Syzygy for soprano, horn, and orchestra (1966)
• An Alice Symphony for amplified soprano, folk group, and orchestra. Texts from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll; Speak Gently attributed to David Bates (1969)
• Adventures Underground soprano and orchestra. Texts from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll (1971)
• Final Alice, an opera in concert form for soprano, folk ensemble, and orchestra (1976)
• Child Alice ("In Memory of a Summer Day", "Happy Voices", "In the Golden Afternoon", "Quaint Events") for soprano and orchestra (1980–81)
• Haddock's Eyes for soprano and 10 instruments (1985)
• Tattoo for orchestra (1986)
• Steps for orchestra (1990)
• Lament for the Death of a Bullfighter for soprano and piano - poems of Joshua Beckman (1998)
• My Favorite Penis Poems (1998)
• Dracula (1999) - on a poem of Alfred Corn
• Three Baritone Songs (1999)
• Miz Inez Sez for soprano and piano - poems of Colette Inez (1998)
• Gay Life (1996–2000)
• The Spider and The Fly for high soprano, high baritone, and orchestra (1998)
• Wonderous The Merge (2001)
• Grand Trio (2001)
• Paul Revere's Ride for Amplified Soprano Solo, SATB Chorus, and Orchestra (2004)
• In Wartime for Wind Ensemble (2003)
• String Quartet No. 1 (2003)
• Gotham Glory for solo piano (2004)
• Rip Van Winkle for narrator and orchestra (2005)
• S/M Ballade for piano (2006)
• Magyar Madness for clarinet and string quartet (2006)
• Aeolian Ballad for harp (2008)
• A Field Manual Overture and Five Songs on the poetry of Edward Field (poet) (2008)
• Facts of Life for guitar (2010)
• String Quartet No. 2 (2010)
• Belgian Bliss for wind quintet (2010)

Footnotes[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website
• Boosey & Hawkes biography
• American Mavericks interview
• NewMusicBox: David Del Tredici in conversation with Frank J. Oteri, 2003
• Final Alice program notes, from The Kennedy Center
• All Music Del Tredici page
• Interview with David Del Tredici by Bruce Duffie, January 8, 1990

Henry Rider Haggard
Born	(1856-06-22)22 June 1856 Bradenham, Norfolk, England
Died	14 May 1925(1925-05-14) (aged 68) London, England
Occupation	Novelist, scholar
Nationality	British
Period	19th & 20th century
Genres	Adventure, fantasy, fables, romance, sci-fi, historical
Subjects	Africa
Notable work(s)	King Solomon's Mines, Allan Quatermain Series, She: A History of Adventure
Influences Robert Louis Stevenson,
Influenced Edgar Rice Burroughs, C.S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, Robert E. Howard, Carl Jung, Joseph Conrad, Henry Miller, Rudyard Kipling, George Lucas,
Signature
www.riderhaggardsociety.org.uk

Sir Henry Rider Haggard, KBE (22 June 1856 – 14 May 1925) was an English writer of adventure novels set in exotic locations, predominantly Africa, and a founder of the Lost World literary genre. He was also involved in agricultural reform around the British Empire. His stories, situated at the lighter end of Victorian literature, continue to be popular and influential.

Biography[link]

Early years[link]

Henry Rider Haggard, generally known as H. Rider Haggard or Rider Haggard, was born at Bradenham, Norfolk, the eighth of ten children, to Sir William Meybohm Rider Haggard, a barrister, and Ella Doveton, an author and poet. He was born into a Jewish family. He was initially sent to Garsington Rectory in Oxfordshire to study under Reverend H. J. Graham, but unlike his older brothers who graduated from various private schools, he attended Ipswich Grammar School.^[1] This was because^[2] his father, who perhaps regarded him as somebody who was not going to amount to much,^[3] could no longer afford to maintain his expensive private education. After failing his army entrance exam, he was sent to a private crammer in London to prepare for the entrance exam for the British Foreign Office,^[1] for which he never sat. During his two years in London he came into contact with people interested in the study of psychical phenomena.^[4]

South Africa, 1875–1882[link]

In 1875, Haggard's father sent him^[5] to what is now South Africa, to take up an unpaid position as assistant to the secretary to Sir Henry Bulwer, Lieutenant-Governor of the Colony of Natal. In 1876 he was transferred to the staff of Sir Theophilus Shepstone, Special Commissioner for the Transvaal. It was in this role that Haggard was present in Pretoria in April 1877 for the official announcement of the British annexation of the Boer Republic of the Transvaal. Indeed, Haggard raised the Union flag and read out much of the proclamation following the loss of voice of the official originally entrusted with the duty.^[6]

At about that time, Haggard fell in love with Mary Elizabeth "Lilly" Jackson, whom he intended to marry once he obtained paid employment in Africa. In 1878 he became Registrar of the High Court in the Transvaal, and wrote to his father informing him that he intended to return to England and marry her. His father forbade it until Haggard had made a career for himself, and by 1879 Jackson had married Frank Archer, a well-to-do banker. When Haggard eventually returned to England, he married a friend of his sister, (Mariana) Louisa Margitson in 1880, and the couple travelled to Africa together. They had a son named Jack (who died of measles at age 10) and three daughters, Angela, Dorothy and Lilias. Lilias became an author, edited The Rabbit Skin Cap and I Walked By Night, and wrote a biography of her father entitled The Cloak That I Left (published in 1951).

Haggard in England, 1882–1925[link]

Moving back to England in 1882 (according to H.d.R. the return was in autumn 1881 and they had been living in Newcastle, Natal), the couple settled in Ditchingham, Norfolk, Louisa's ancestral home. Later they lived in Kessingland and had connections with the church in Bungay, Suffolk. Haggard turned to the study of law and was called to the bar in 1884. His practice of law was desultory, and much of his time was taken up by the writing of novels, which he saw as being more profitable. Rider Haggard lived at 69 Gunterstone Road in Hammersmith, London, from mid 1885 to circa April 1888. It was at this Hammersmith address that he completed King Solomon's Mines (published September 1885).^[7] Heavily influenced by the larger-than-life adventurers he met in Colonial Africa (most notably Frederick Selous and Frederick Russell Burnham), the great mineral wealth discovered in Africa, and the ruins of ancient lost civilisations of the continent, such as Great Zimbabwe, Haggard created his Allan Quatermain adventures.^[8][9] Three of his books, The Wizard (1896), Elissa; the Doom of Zimbabwe (1899), and Black Heart and White Heart; a Zulu Idyll (1900), are dedicated to Burnham's daughter, Nada, the first white child born in Bulawayo; she had been named after Haggard's 1892 book Nada the Lily.^[10]

Aid for Lilly Archer[link]

Years later, when Haggard was a successful novelist, he was contacted by his former love, Lilly Archer, née Jackson. She had been deserted by her husband, who had embezzled funds entrusted to him and he had fled, bankrupt, to Africa. Haggard installed her and her sons in a house and saw to the children's education. Lilly eventually followed her husband to Africa, where he infected her with syphilis before dying of it himself. Lilly returned to England in late 1907, where Haggard again supported her until her death on 22 April 1909. These details were not generally known until the publication of Haggard's 1981 biography by Sydney Higgins.^[11]

Public affairs and honours[link]

Haggard was heavily involved in reforming agriculture and was a member of many commissions on land use and related affairs, work that involved several trips to the Colonies and Dominions.^[12]He was made a Knight Bachelor in 1912 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1919. He stood unsuccessfully for Parliament as a Conservative candidate for the Eastern division of Norfolk in the 1895 summer election, losing by only 198 votes. The locality of Rider, British Columbia, was named after him.

Writing career[link]

Haggard is most famous as the author of the novels King Solomon's Mines and its sequel Allan Quatermain, and She and its sequel Ayesha, swashbuckling adventure novels set in the context of the Scramble for Africa (the action of Ayesha however happens in Tibet). The hugely popular King Solomon's Mines is sometimes considered the first of the Lost World genre.^[13] She is generally considered to be one of the classics of imaginative literature^[14] and with 83 million copies sold by 1965, it is one of the best-selling books of all time.^[15] He is also remembered for Nada the Lily (a tale of adventure among the Zulus) and the epic Viking romance, Eric Brighteyes.

While his novels portray many of the stereotypes associated with colonialism, they are unusual for the degree of sympathy with which the native populations are portrayed. Africans often play heroic roles in the novels, although the protagonists are typically, though not invariably, European. Notable examples are the heroic Zulu warrior Umslopogaas and Ignosi, the rightful king of Kukuanaland, in King Solomon's Mines. Having developed an intense mutual friendship with the three Englishmen who help him regain his throne, he accepts their advice and abolishes witch-hunts and arbitrary capital punishment. Three of Haggard's novels were written in collaboration with his friend Andrew Lang who shared his interest in the spiritual realm and paranormal phenomena.

Haggard also wrote about agricultural and social reform, in part inspired by his experiences in Africa, but also based on what he saw in Europe. At the end of his life he was a staunch opponent of Bolshevism, a position he shared with his friend Rudyard Kipling. The two had bonded upon Kipling's arrival at London in 1889 largely on the strength of their shared opinions, and the two remained lifelong friends.

Reputation and legacy[link]

Haggard's stories are still widely read today. Ayesha, the female protagonist of She, has been cited as a prototype by psychoanalysts as different as Sigmund Freud (in The Interpretation of Dreams) and Carl Jung. Her epithet "She Who Must Be Obeyed" is used by British author John Mortimer in his Rumpole of the Bailey series as the private name which the lead character uses for his wife, Hilda, before whom he trembles at home (despite the fact that he is a barrister with some skill in court). Haggard's Lost World genre influenced popular American pulp writers such as Edgar Rice Burroughs, Robert E. Howard, Talbot Mundy, Philip José Farmer, and Abraham Merritt.^[16] Allan Quatermain, the adventure hero of King Solomon's Mines and its sequel Allan Quatermain, was a template for the American character Indiana Jones, featuring in the films Raiders of the Lost Ark, Temple of Doom, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, and Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.^[17][18][19] Quatermain has gained recent popularity thanks to being a main character in the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen.

Haggard was praised in 1965 by Roger Lancelyn Green, one of the Oxford Inklings, as a writer of a consistently high level of "literary skill and sheer imaginative power" and a co-originator with Robert Louis Stevenson of the Age of the Story Tellers.^[20]

The first chapter of his book People of the Mist is credited with inspiring the motto of the Royal Air Force, formerly the Royal Flying Corps. ^[21]

Influence on Children's Literature in the 19th Century[link]

During the 19th century, Haggard was one of many individuals who contributed to children’s literature. Morton N. Cohen describes King Solomon’s Mines as “[a] story [that] ha[s] universal interest, for grown-ups as well as youngsters”.^[22] Haggard himself wanted to write the book for boys, but it would ultimately have an influence on children and adults around the world. Cohen explains that, “King Solomon’s Mines was being read in the public schools [and] aloud in class-rooms”.^[22]

Chronology of works[link]

• King Solomon's Mines (1885)
• Allan Quatermain (1887)
• She (1887)
• Cleopatra (1889)
• The World's Desire (1890); co-written with Andrew Lang
• Eric Brighteyes (1891)
• Nada the Lily (1892)
• Montezuma's Daughter (1893); co-written with Andrew Lang
• The People of the Mist (1894)
• The Brethren (1904)
• Ayesha: The Return of She (1905)
• She and Allan (1921)

Published works

• Cetywayo and his White Neighbours; Remarks on Recent Events in Zululand, Natal, and the Transvaal (1882);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Dawn (1884);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Witch's Head (1884); online version at Wikisource
• King Solomon's Mines (1885);
• online version at Project Gutenberg; Public domain Audiobook at LibriVox.org, and also at Audiobooksforfree.com
• Hunter Quatermain's Story (1885);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Long Odds (1886);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• She (1887);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Jess (1887);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Allan Quatermain (1887);
• online version at Project Gutenberg; Public domain Audiobook at LibriVox.org
• A Tale of Three Lions (1887);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Mr. Meeson's Will (1888);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Maiwa's Revenge (1888);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• My Fellow Laborer and the Wreck of the Copeland (1888)
• Colonel Quaritch, V.C. (1888);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Cleopatra (1889);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Allan's Wife (1889);
• online version at Project Gutenberg; Public domain Audiobook at LibriVox.org
• Beatrice (1890);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The World's Desire (1890); co-written with Andrew Lang;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Eric Brighteyes (1891);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Nada the Lily (1892);
• online version) at Project Gutenberg
• Montezuma's Daughter (1893); co-written with Andrew Lang;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The People of the Mist (1894);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Joan Haste (1895); online version at Project Gutenberg Australia
• Heart of the World (1895); online version at Project Gutenberg Australia; Public domain Audiobook at LibriVox.org
• Church and State (1895)
• The Wizard (1896);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Doctor Therne (1898);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Swallow (1898);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• A Farmer's Year (1899)
• The Last Boer War (1899)
• The Spring of Lion (1899)
• Elissa; the doom of Zimbabwe (1899);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Black Heart and White Heart; a Zulu idyll (1900);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The New South Africa (1900)
• A Winter Pilgrimage (1901); online version at Project Gutenberg Australia
• Lysbeth (1901);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Rural England (1902)
• Pearl Maiden (1903);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Stella Fregelius (1904); co-written with Andrew Lang;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Brethren (1904);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Poor and the Land (1905)
• Ayesha: The Return of She (1905);
• online version at Project Gutenberg; Public domain Audiobook at LibriVox.org
• A Gardener's Year (1905)
• Report of Salvation Army Colonies (1905)
• The Way of the Spirit (1906)
• Benita (1906);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Fair Margaret (1907);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Ghost Kings (1908);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Yellow God (1908);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Lady of Blossholme (1909);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Queen Sheba's Ring (1910);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Regeneration: An account of the social work of the Salvation Army (1910);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Morning Star(1910);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Red Eve (1911);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Mahatma and the Hare (1911);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Rural Denmark (1911)
• Marie (1912);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Child of Storm (1913);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Wanderer's Necklace (1914);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• A Call to Arms (1914)
• Allan and The Holy Flower (1915);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• After the War Settlement and Employment of Ex-Service Men (1916)
• The Ivory Child (1916);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Finished (1917)
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Love Eternal (1918);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Moon of Israel (1918);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• When the World Shook (1919);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Ancient Allan (1920);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Smith and the Pharaohs (1920);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• She and Allan (1921);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Virgin of the Sun (1922);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Wisdom's Daughter (1923); online version at Project Gutenberg Australia
• Heu-Heu (1924); online version at Project Gutenberg Australia
• Queen of the Dawn (1925); online version at Project Gutenberg Australia
• The Days of my Life: An autobiography of Sir H. Rider Haggard (1926); online version: volume 1 & volume 2 at Project Gutenberg Australia
• Treasure of the Lake (1926); online version at Project Gutenberg Australia
• Allan and the Ice Gods (1927); online version at Project Gutenberg Australia
• Mary of Marion Isle (1929); online version at Project Gutenberg Australia
• Belshazzar (1930); online version at Project Gutenberg Australia

Publication dates unknown

• Stories by English Authors (as contributor);
• online version at Project Gutenberg

Allan Quatermain series[link]

Allan Quatermain orders his men to fire in this illustration by Thure de Thulstrup from Maiwa's Revenge (1888).

• King Solomon's Mines;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Allan Quatermain;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Allan's Wife & Other Tales;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Maiwa's Revenge: or, The War of the Little Hand;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Marie;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Child of Storm;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Allan and The Holy Flower;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Finished;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Ivory Child;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• The Ancient Allan;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• She and Allan;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Heu-heu: or The Monster; online version at Project Gutenberg Australia
• The Treasure of the Lake; online version at Project Gutenberg Australia
• Allan and the Ice-gods; online version at Project Gutenberg Australia
• Magepa the Buck (included in the collection Smith and the Pharaohs);
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• A Tale of Three Lions;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Hunter Quatermain's Story;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Long Odds;
• online version at Project Gutenberg

Ayesha series[link]

• She;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Ayesha: The Return of She;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• She and Allan;
• online version at Project Gutenberg
• Wisdom's Daughter: The Life and Love Story of She-Who-Must-Be-Obeyed; online version at Project Gutenberg Australia

See also[link]

Biography portal

• Louis Henri Boussenard (1847–1911), French author of adventure novels, dubbed the French Rider Haggard during his lifetime.
• Alexandre Dumas, père (1802–1870), French author of historical novels of high adventure.
• Anthony Hope (1863–1933), English author of adventure novels such as The Prisoner of Zenda.
• P. C. Wren (1875–1941), was a British writer, mostly of adventure fiction. He is remembered best for Beau Geste, a much-filmed book of 1924 involving the French Foreign Legion in North Africa, and its sequels, Beau Sabreur and Beau Ideal.
• Mythopoeia (genre)

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b} Haggard, H. Rider (1989). "Introduction and Chronology; by Dennis Butts. In:". King Solomon's Mines. Oxford University Press. vii–xxviii. 
2. ^ Haggard, H. Rider (2002). "H. Rider Haggard". King Solomon's Mines. Modern Library Paperback Edition. v.
3. ^ Haggard, H. Rider (2002). "H. Rider Haggard". King Solomon's Mines. Modern Library Paperback Edition. vi.
4. ^ H.d.R. [Memoir of Haggard]. In: Haggard, H. Rider (1957) Ayesha. London: Collins
5. ^ Haggard, H. Rider (2002). "H. Rider Haggard". King Solomon's Mines. Modern Library Paperback Edition. vi.
6. ^ Pakenham, Thomas (1992) The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876–1912, Avon Books, New York. ISBN 0-380-71999-1.
7. ^ Eagles, Dorothy, and Carnell, Hilary, eds. (1978) The Oxford Literary Guide to the British Isles, Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-869123-8 p. 188
8. ^ Mandiringana, E.; Stapleton, T. J. (1998). "The Literary Legacy of Frederick Courteney Selous". History in Africa (African Studies Association) 25: 199–218. DOI:10.2307/3172188. JSTOR 3172188. 
9. ^ Pearson, Edmund Lester. "Theodore Roosevelt, Chapter XI: The Lion Hunter". Humanities Web. http://www.humanitiesweb.org/human.php?s=s&p=l&a=c&ID=1144&o=. Retrieved 18 December 2006. 
10. ^ Haggard, H. Rider (1926) (txt). The Days of My Life Volume II. http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0300141.txt. Retrieved 17 December 2006. 
11. ^ D.S. Higgins. Rider Haggard: The Great Storyteller. London: Cassell, 1981. ISBN 0-304-30827-7
12. ^ Cohen, Morton N. . "Serving the Empire." Rider Haggard His life and works. New York: Walker and Company, 1961. 239-285. Print.
13. ^ According to Robert E. Morsberger in the "Afterword" of King Solomon's Mines, The Reader's Digest (1993).
14. ^ http://www.gordon-fernandes.com/hp-lovecraft/Supernatural%20Horror%20In%20Literature%20by%20H_%20P_%20Lovecraft.htm H.P. Lovecraft has stated in his seminal essay Supernatural Horror in Literature: The romantic, semi-Gothic, quasi-moral tradition here represented was carried far down the nineteenth century by such authors as Joseph Sheridan LeFanu, Wilkie Collins, the late Sir H. Rider Haggard (whose She is really remarkably good), Sir A. Conan Doyle, H. G. Wells, and Robert Louis Stevenson
15. ^ Time on She: "Since then it has sold 83 million copies in 44 languages." (17 September 1965)
16. ^ See Lee Server, Encyclopedia of Pulp Fiction Writers (2002), pg.131.
17. ^ http://www.violetbooks.com/cinema-haggard.html "The entire Indiana Jones franchise – films, television's Young Indiana Jones, books, games, comics, merchandise, Disneyland adventure-ride, & Indy imitations such as Romancing the Stone – owes everything to H. Rider Haggard as filtered through lowbudget film serials (themselves frequently inspired by Haggard). Harrison Ford plays Indiana Jones as a hyperactive American version of Allan Quatermain".
18. ^ The Republic Serials were most strongly influenced by Sir Henry Rider Haggard's "white man explores savage Africa" stories, in particular King Solomon's Mines (1886)http://www.moongadget.com/origins/general.html
19. ^ http://www.superheroflix.com/news/NE0ab607ewPH26 "Based on a 1885 novel by Henry Rider Haggard, the exploits of Alan Quatermain have long served as a template for the Indiana Jones character. In this particular film, King Solomon's Mines (1950), Quatermain finds himself unwillingly thrust into a worldwide search for the legendary mines of King Solomon. The look and feel of Indiana and his past adventures are quite apparent here, and his new quest follows some very similar through lines. Like Quatermain, Jones is reluctantly forced into helping the Russians find the Lost Temple of Akator and the Crystal Skulls mentioned in the film's title. Both Quatermain and Jones are confronted by angry villagers and a myriad of dangerous booby traps. Look to King Solomon's Mines for a good idea on the feel and tone Lucas and Spielberg are after with their latest Indiana Jones outing".
20. ^ from the introduction to the 1965 Everyman's Library edition of the one-volume The Prisoner of Zenda and Rupert of Hentzau by Anthony Hope
21. ^ http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/theroyalairforcemotto.cfm
22. ^ ^{a b} Cohen, Morton N."The Tale of African Adventure." Rider Haggard: His Life and Works. New York: Walker and Company, 1961. 89-95. Print.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Henry Rider Haggard

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: H. Rider Haggard

Wikisource has original works written by or about: H. Rider Haggard

• H. Rider Haggard at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• H. Rider Haggard's She, Escape, CBS radio, 1948
• Works by H. Rider Haggard at Project Gutenberg
• Works at Project Gutenberg Australia
• H. Rider Haggard Quotation Collection
• The Books of H. Rider Haggard: A Chronological Survey
• Works by or about H. Rider Haggard in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Rider Haggard Society

v t e Works by Sir Henry Rider Haggard Fiction 1880s Dawn (1884) The Witch's Head (1884) King Solomon's Mines (1885) Hunter Quatermain's Story (1885) Long Odds (1886) She (1886) Jess (1886) Allan Quatermain (1887) A Tale of Three Lions (1887) Mr Meeson's Will (1888) Maiwa's Revenge (1888) Colonel Quaritch, VC (1888) Cleopatra (1889) Allan's Wife (1889) Beatrice (1889) 1890s The World's Desire (1890) Eric Brighteyes (1891) Nada the Lily (1892) Montezuma's Daughter (1893) The People of the Mist (1894) Joan Haste (1895) Heart of the World (1895) Church and State (1895) The Wizard (1896) Doctor Therne (1898) Swallow (1898) 1900s Lysbeth (1901) Pearl Maiden (1903) Brethren (1904) Ayesha: The Return of She (1905) The Way of the Spirit (1906) Benita (1906) Fair Margaret (1907) The Ghost Kings (1908) The Yellow God (1908) The Lady of Blossholme (1909) 1910s Queen Sheba's Ring (1910) Morning Star (1910) Red Eve (1911) The Mahatma and the Hare (1911) Marie (1912) Child of Storm (1913) The Wanderer's Necklace (1913) Allan and the Holy Flower (1915) The Ivory Child (1916) Finished (1917) Love Eternal (1918) Moon of Isreal (1918) When the World Shook (1919) 1920s The Ancient Allan (1920) Smith and the Pharaohs (1920) She and Allan (1921) The Virgin of the Sun (1922) Wisdom's Daughter (1923) Heu-Heu (1924) Queen of the Dawn (1925) Treasure of the Lake (1926) Allan and the Ice Gods (1927) Mary of Marion Isle (1929) 1930s Belshazzar (1930) Genres Fantasy Romance Science-Fiction Historical Fable Gothic Adventure Non-fiction Cetywayo and His White Neighbours (1872) A Farmer's Year (1899) The Last Boer War (1899) The New South Africa (1900) Rural England (1902) The Poor and the Land (1905) A Garderner's Year (1905) Report of Salvation Army Colonies (1905) Rural Denmark (1911) Regeneration (1910) The Days of My Life (Autobiography, 1926)

Authority control: PND: 11870057X | LCCN: n80010495 | VIAF: 9841446 | SELIBR: 189431 | WorldCat

Persondata
Name	Haggard, Henry Rider
Alternative names	Haggard, Rider
Short description	English novelist, scholar
Date of birth	22 June 1856
Place of birth	Norfolk, England
Date of death	14 May 1925
Place of death	London, England

Unsuk Chin (born July 14, 1961), is a South Korean composer of classical music, based in Berlin, Germany. She was awarded the Grawemeyer Award in 2004, the Arnold Schönberg Prize in 2005 and the Music Composition Prize of the Prince Pierre Foundation in 2010.

Biography[link]

Unsuk Chin was born in Seoul, Korea. She studied composition with Sukhi Kang at Seoul National University and won several international prizes in her early 20s. She studied with György Ligeti in Hamburg 1985-1988. Ligeti dismissed Chin's early pieces as unoriginal, which led her to stop composing for a few years. In 1988 Unsuk Chin moved to Berlin, where she worked for years as a freelance composer at the Electronic music studio of the Technical University of Berlin, realizing seven works. Her first large orchestral piece, Troerinnen, was premiered by the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra in 1990. In 1991, her breakthrough work Acrostic Wordplay was premiered by the Nieuw Ensemble - since then it has been performed in 15 countries in Europe, Asia and North America. Chin's collaboration with the Ensemble Intercontemporain, which has led to several commissions from the latter, started in 1994 with Fantaisie mecanique. Since 1995, Unsuk Chin is published exclusively by Boosey & Hawkes. In 1999, Chin began an artistic collaboration with Kent Nagano, who has since premiered five of her works.

Chin's Violin Concerto, for which she was awarded the Grawemeyer, was premiered in 2002 by Viviane Hagner. Since then it has been programmed in Europe, Asia and North America, and performed, among others, by Christian Tetzlaff, the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and Simon Rattle in 2005.

Unsuk Chin's works have been performed by conductors such as Kent Nagano, Simon Rattle, Gustavo Dudamel, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Neeme Järvi, Peter Eötvös, David Robertson and George Benjamin as well as by leading orchestras and ensembles. Commissioners include the Kronos Quartet, Radio France, the BBC, the London Sinfonietta, South Bank Centre, Los Angeles Opera, IRCAM and the Bavarian State Opera. Chin's music has been highlighted at major music festivals such as Festival Musica in Strasbourg or Settembre Musica in Italy.

2001/2002 Unsuk Chin was appointed composer-in-residence at Deutschen Symphonie-Orchester Berlin; since 2006 she holds the position of Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra's composer-in-residence and Artistic Director of its Contemporary Music Series.

2007 Chin's first opera Alice in Wonderland was premiered at Bavarian State Opera.

Unsuk Chin was a featured composer in the 2009 Suntory Summer Festival in Tokyo which celebrated the 40th anniversary of the Suntory Music Foundation. The festival culminated with the world premiere of Šu, a concerto for Chinese sheng and orchestra. The work was commissioned by Suntory Hall International Programme, ZaterdagMatinée, the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the Essen Philharmonie, and was composed for sheng virtuoso Wu Wei. The world premiere on 28 August featured the Tokyo Symphony Orchestra conducted by Kazuyoshi Akiyama.^[1]

Awards and recognition[link]

• 1984 International Rostrum of Composers for the chamber music work Gestalten
• 1985 First Prize of Gaudeamus Foundation for Spektra
• 1993 First Prize at the Contest for Orchestra Works to Commemorate the Semicentennial for the Tokyo Government
• 1997 First Prize for Contemporary Piano Music at the Concours International de Piano d'Orléans for the Piano Studies Nos. 2-4
• 1999 First Prize at Concours Internationaux de Musique et d’Art Sonore Electroacoustiques de Bourges for Xi
• 2004 Grawemeyer Award for Violin Concerto
• 2005 Arnold Schönberg Prize
• 2010 Music Composition Prize of the Prince Pierre Foundation for Gougalōn

Works[link]

Unsuk Chin doesn't regard her music as belonging to any specific culture.^[2] Chin names Béla Bartók, Igor Stravinsky, Claude Debussy, Anton Webern, Iannis Xenakis, and György Ligeti,^[3] among others, as 20th century composers of special importance for her. Chin regards her working experience with Electronic music and her preoccupation with Balinese Gamelan as influential for her work. The colour of her music might perhaps be explained through Chin's affinity for non-European music. However, Chin has also clearly been influenced by musical modernism.^{[citation needed]} In her orchestral work Miroirs des temps Chin has also used compositional concepts of Medieval composers, such as Machaut and Ciconia, by employing and evolving techniques such as musical palindromes and crab canons.

Characteristic for Unsuk Chin's music is a fascination with virtuosity, which is reflected in the difficulty of her works. Virtuosity is an important feature also in Chin's electronic pieces such as Gradus ad infinitum for 8 pianos. In general, Chin doesn't prefer to make a strong distinction between electronic and instrumental music.^{[citation needed]} A dominant aspect of Chin's work is playfulness. In some pieces, theatrical actions are employed: e.g. in Allegro ma non troppo for percussion and tape, in Cantatrix Sopranica for voices and ensemble and in Double Bind? for violin and electronics.^{[citation needed]}

The texts of Chin's vocal music are often based on experimental poetry, and occasionally they are self-referential, employing techniques such as acrostics, anagrams and palindromes, all of which are also reflected in the compositional structure.^{[citation needed]} Consequently, Chin has set music to poems by writers such as Inger Christensen, Harry Matthews, Gerhard Rühm or Unica Zürn into music, and the title of Cantatrix Sopranica is derived from a Nonsens treatise by Georges Perec. However, in Kalá Chin has also composed works with less experimental texts by writers such as Gunnar Ekelöf, Paavo Haavikko, and Arthur Rimbaud, and Troerinnen is based on a play by Euripides.

Playful aspects are dominant also in Chin's opera Alice in Wonderland, which is based on Lewis Carroll's classic. The opera's libretto was written by David Henry Hwang and the composer. The Munich production, which has been released on DVD by Unitel, was directed by Achim Freyer, and it was selected 'Premiere of the Year' by an international critics' poll, which was conducted in 2007 by the German opera magazine "Opernwelt".^{[citation needed]}

Quotations[link]

My music is a reflection of my dreams. I try to render into music the visions of immense light and of an incredible magnificence of colours that I see in all my dreams, a play of light and colours floating through the room and at the same time forming a fluid sound sculpture. Its beauty is very abstract and remote, but it is for these very qualities that it addresses the emotions and can communicate joy and warmth. ~ Unsuk Chin^[4]

List of works (selection)[link]

• Troerinnen (1986/1990) for 3 sopranos, women's choir und orchestra, after Euripides
• Gradus ad Infinitum for 8 pianos (1989/1990) for tape
• Akrostichon-Wortspiel (1991/93) for soprano and ensemble
• Fantaisie mécanique (1994/1997) für trumpet, trombone, two percussions and piano
• Piano Studies (1995-)
• ParaMetaString (1995) for string quartet and electronics
• Piano Concerto (1996-97)
• Xi (1998) for ensemble and electronics
• Miroirs des temps (1999/2000) for 4 singers and orchestra
• Kalá (2000-01) for soprano, bass, mixed choir and orchestra
• Violin concerto (2001)
• Double Concerto for piano, percussion and ensemble (2002)
• snagS&Snarls for soprano and orchestra (2004)
• Scenes from Alice in Wonderland for soprano, mezzo-soprano and orchestra (2004-07/2010-11)
• Cantatrix Sopranica für two sopranos, countertenor and ensemble (2005)
• Double Bind? for violin and live electronics (2006-7)
• Alice in Wonderland (Opera; 2004-2007)
• Rocaná for orchestra (2008)
• Cello Concerto (2009)
• Šu for sheng and orchestra (2009)
• Gougalōn. Scenes from a Street Theater for Ensemble (2009/2011)
• Fanfare chimérique for two spatially distributed wind ensembles and live electronics (2010/2011)
• cosmigimmicks. A musical pantomime for seven instrumentalists (2012)

Recordings[link]

• Unsuk Chin: Akrostichon – Wortspiel and other works. Ensemble Intercontemporain. CD. Deutsche Grammophon, 2005
• Unsuk Chin: Alice in Wonderland. Bayerische Staatsoper, Kent Nagano. DVD. Unitel, 2008
• Allegro ma non troppo. In: Fifty Years Studio TU Berlin. EMF Media, DVD 054, 2008
• Unsuk Chin: Rocaná, Violin Concerto. Viviane Hagner, Kent Nagano, Montreal Symphony Orchestra. CD. Analekta, 2009.
• Cantatrix Sopranica. In: Sprechgesänge - Speech Songs. musikFabrik, Stefan Asbury. CD. Wergo, 2010.
• Unsuk Chin: Xi and other works. (reissue of Akrostichon-Wortspiel CD). Ensemble Intercontemporain. CD. Kairos, 2011.

Sources[link]

• Stefan Drees (ed): Im Spiegel der Zeit. Die Komponistin Unsuk Chin. Schott (Mainz) 2011.

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• Portrait of the composer
• Boosey & Hawkes: Unsuk Chin Website of the composer
• Paul Griffiths: An introduction to the music of Unsuk Chin
• Hanno Ehrler: Ordnung, Chaos und Computer – Die Komponistin Unsuk Chin
• Arnold Whittall: Unsuk Chin in focus: Meditations & mechanics
• Interview with the composer
• (French) A biography of Unsuk Chin, from IRCAM's website.