Name	GameSpot
Logo
Url	http://www.gamespot.com/
Type	Video game journalism
Registration	Optional (free and paid)
Owner	CBS Interactive
Author	Pete DeemerVince BroadyJon Epstein
Launch date	May 1, 1996}}

GameSpot is a video gaming website that provides news, reviews, previews, downloads, and other information. The site was launched in May 1996 by Pete Deemer, Vince Broady and Jon Epstein. It was purchased by ZDNet, a brand which was later purchased by CNET Networks. CBS Interactive, which purchased CNET Networks in 2008, is the current owner of GameSpot. GameSpot.com is currently one of the 200 highest-trafficked websites according to Alexa.

In addition to the information produced by GameSpot staff, the site also allows users to write their own reviews, blogs, and post on the site's forums. The forums are partially shared with those on GameFAQs, another website owned by CNET.

In 2004, GameSpot won "Best Gaming Website" as chosen by the viewers in Spike TV's second Video Game Award Show, and has won Webby Awards for several years. Other gaming websites such as IGN, 1UP.com, and GameSpy have been its biggest rivals. The domain gamespot.com attracted at least 60 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com study.

GameSpot's main page has links to the latest news, reviews, previews, and portals for the following current platforms: Wii, Nintendo DS, PC, Xbox 360, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation 2, and PlayStation 3. It also includes a list of the most popular games on the site and a search engine for users to track down games of interest. In September 2009, GameSpot started reviewing and cataloging iPhone, Android, and other mobile games. GameSpot also covers the following platforms to a lesser extent: Nintendo 64, Nintendo GameCube, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance, Xbox, PlayStation, Sega Saturn, Dreamcast, Neo Geo Pocket Color, N-Gage, and mobile games, among others.

History

When it launched, the site focused exclusively on PC games. Its sister site, VideoGameSpot.com, was launched in December 1996 to cover console games. In 1997, VideoGameSpot.com became VideoGames.com for a short period, and by 1998, the PC and console sections were united at GameSpot.com.

On October 3, 2005, GameSpot adopted a new design similar to that of TV.com, now considered a sister site to GameSpot.

International history

GameSpot UK (United Kingdom) was started in October 1997 and operated until mid-2002, offering Europe-oriented content which often differed from that of the U.S. site. During this period, GameSpot UK won the 1999 PPAi (Periodical Publishers Association interactive) award for best website, and was short listed in 2001. Following the purchase of ZDNet by CNET, GameSpot UK was merged with the main US site. On April 24, 2006, GameSpot UK was relaunched.

In a similar fashion, GameSpot AU (Australia) existed on a local scale in the late 1990s with Australian-produced reviews. It ceased in 2003. When a local version of the main CNET portal, CNET.com.au was launched in 2003, Gamespot.com.au content was folded into CNET.com.au. The site was fully re-launched mid 2006, with a specialized forum, local reviews, special features, local pricings in AUD, Australian release dates, and more local news.

GameSpot Japan (Japan) in its current form launched in 2007. It provides Japanese video game industry news, previews, reviews, features, and videos as well as translated articles from the other GameSpot sites. It had recently added a larger video player and community forums to the site.

Notable staff

Shane Satterfield – former editor, currently editor-in-chief of GameTrailers.

Greg Kasavin – executive editor and site director of GameSpot, who left in 2007 to become a game developer. He became a producer at EA, but is now a producer for 2K Games. Jeff Gerstmann – editorial director of the site, dismissed from GameSpot on November 28, 2007 for undisclosed reasons, after which he started Giant Bomb.

Alex Navarro – editor of the site, resigned due to dismissal of Gerstmann. He later worked as a member of the community team for Harmonix, but is currently an editor for Screened, a sister site of Giant Bomb.

Jason Ocampo – former editor, subsequently editor-in-chief of IGN PC, currently working for Stardock.

Reviews and rating system

In January 2001, GameSpot introduced video reviews for games, which are released for all major games. Other games that the editors believe deserve special mention (for example, the very worst games) are reviewed by video as well. Video reviews mostly re-emphasize the written review text with clips of gameplay embedded.

GameSpot has a detailed guide that explains its reviewing policies, as well as answering frequently asked questions about its reviews.

When GameSpot Complete was introduced in late 2001, older reviews were restricted to Complete members; however, those reviews became available to everyone again several months later.

All games were judged on five different categories: Gameplay, Graphics, Sound, Value, and Reviewer's Tilt. Each category is assigned an integer score from one to ten, and these five integers are combined using a weighted average to arrive at an overall score. Should a game score at least 9.0, it is designated as "superb," and given "Editor's Choice" recognition. Although many games achieve this status each year, only seven in GameSpot's history have ever received a perfect ten.

On June 25, 2007, GameSpot began assigning scores by increments of 0.5 instead of 0.1. It also ended its practice of giving sub-scores for gameplay, graphics, sound, value, and tilt. Instead, user reviews now possess a medal system that permits the reviewer to highlight given characteristics of the game such as its artistic design, original soundtrack, or difficulty. GameSpot believes that this will create a more detailed rating system than the previous one. The only change in terms is the new term "Prime" for games that receive a 10.0 score, replacing "Perfect." Then editor-in-chief Jeff Gerstmann blogged about the change, answering questions regarding it.

While games are rated mostly with regard to how they compare to the other games available on their specific platforms, games released simultaneously for multiple platforms are also compared between systems, which often results in differing scores being given to the same game depending on the system, usually due to the inherent strengths and weaknesses of each platform.

Top Rated Games/Lowest-Rated Game

10 - Perfect: Chrono Cross 10 - Perfect: (Nintendo 64 version) 10 - Perfect: Soulcalibur (Dreamcast version) 10 - Perfect: Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3 (PlayStation 2 version) 10 - Prime: Grand Theft Auto IV (PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions) 10 - Prime: 10 - Prime: Super Mario Galaxy 2 9.9 - Near-perfect: NFL 2K 9.9 - Near-perfect: NFL 2K1 9.9 - Near-perfect: Perfect Dark (Nintendo 64 version) 9.9 - Near-perfect: Super Mario Bros. Deluxe 9.9 - Near-perfect: Tekken 3 (PlayStation version) 9.9 - Near-perfect: Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 (Dreamcast and PlayStation versions)

On the other end of the spectrum, is the only game to have ever received a 1.0 ("abysmal"), the lowest score possible.

Note: The near-perfect score of 9.9 is no longer possible under the new rating system implemented in June 2007.

Game of the Year

Every year, GameSpot holds the Best and Worst Game of the Year awards, which recognize achievements in the gaming industry, positive and negative (in the form of "Dubious Honors", containing categories such as "Most Disappointing Game", "Worst Game Everyone Played", "Best Game No One Played" and "Most Despicable Product Placement"). GameSpot also allows users on the site to vote for the winners of the "Readers' Choice" awards. From 1998-2001, GameSpot selected one PC game and one console game for the top title, but from that point forward, they would select one single game from all mediums.

GameSpot's winners for Game of the Year have been so far (the console games from 1997 to 1999 were chosen by videogames.com) :

1996: Diablo (PC) 1997: Total Annihilation (PC) 1998: (Nintendo 64) and Grim Fandango (PC) 1999: Soulcalibur (Dreamcast) and EverQuest (PC) 2000: Chrono Cross (PlayStation) and The Sims (PC) 2001: Grand Theft Auto III (PlayStation 2) and (PC) 2002: Metroid Prime (GameCube) 2003: (GameCube) 2004: World of Warcraft (PC) 2005: Resident Evil 4 (GameCube) 2006: Gears of War (Xbox 360) 2007: Super Mario Galaxy (Wii) 2008: (PlayStation 3) 2009: Demon's Souls (PlayStation 3) 2010: Red Dead Redemption (Xbox 360, PlayStation 3)

Worst Game of the Year/Flat-Out Worst Game

Each year GameSpot also hands out a Flat-Out Worst Game award (known as Worst Game of the Year before 2003). The award is found in the Dubious Honors category every year. Like Game of the Year, GameSpot allows Readers' Choice awards for Flat-Out Worst Game.

1996: Catfight (PC)

1997: Conquest Earth (PC)

1998: (PlayStation) and (PC)

1999: Superman (N64) and SkyDive! (PC)

2000: Spirit of Speed 1937 (Dreamcast) and Blaze & Blade (PC)

2001: Kabuki Warriors (Xbox) and Survivor (2001 video game) (PC)

2002: Jeremy McGrath Supercross World (GameCube), (PS2 & Xbox), Mortal Kombat Advance (Game Boy Advance) and (PC)

2003: Gods and Generals (PC)

2004: (PC)

2005: (Xbox & PC)

2006: (Xbox 360)

2007: Hour of Victory (Xbox 360)

2008: M&Ms; Kart Racing (Wii & DS)

2009: Stalin vs. Martians (PC)

2010: Fighters Uncaged (Kinect)

Note: was released in 2003

Shows & Podcasts

GameSpot has regular audio podcasts for its US, UK, and AU websites, plus the following video shows:

Today on the Spot - Gamespot.com (US/international) regular video show with alternating hosts. Start/Select - GameSpot UK's regular video show hosted by Guy Cocker. Crosshairs - GameSpot AU's weekly video show hosted by Randolph Ramsay. The Hotspot - Gamespot.com (US/international) regular audio podcast show, Brendan Sinclair is current host.

Community Features

Forums

GameSpot's forums were originally run by ZDNet, and later by Lithium. GameSpot uses a semi-automated moderation system with numerous volunteer moderators. GameSpot moderators are volunteer moderators who are picked from trusted members of the community. However, due to the size and massive quantity of boards and posts on GameSpot, there is a "report" feature where a normal user can report a post to a moderator. The reporting feature saves a lot of time and makes sure a lot more content is handled correctly. GameSpot's moderation and ToS state that users must be aged 13 or older to post content and maintain an account. All users must agree to GameSpot's ToS (terms of service) during registration. GameSpot's ToS (as they apply to the community forums) give mods the power to use their own discretion.

One distinct feature of the GameSpot community is the ability of GameSpot Total Access and Plus Access users to create their own user-created board, which can either be set to public or private. The board's creator can appoint their own moderators, and also can display HTML markup at the top of their board. Also, all users have the ability to create or join what is known as a "Union". A Union consists of a user-created board which is attached to an editorial front, as well as a homepage with news bulletins and members lists.

In addition to the message board system, GameSpot has expanded its community through the addition of features such as user blogs (formerly known as "journals") and user video blogs. Users can track other users, thus allowing them to see updates for their favorite blogs. If both users track each other, they are listed on each other's friends list.

In May 2004, the GameFAQs message boards and the GameSpot boards merged most of their game-specific boards together.

On November 11, 2008, GameSpot updated its forum software. Some of the changes include a wider page and a sidebar.

Profiles

Registered users have their own profiles which they can make visible to only themselves, friends, or everyone through their preferences. Profiles can be useful and convenient to the user themselves and to others. In a profile a blog can be started and updated. The blog is shared with the user's TV.com, MP3.com, and MovieTome profiles. Other users can report blog posts to the moderators.

Users can keep a games list within their GameSpot profile which allows them (and others) to track games in four different categories. Users can keep track of news and updates by adding games to the "Tracked Games" list. "Collection" is used for games which the user owns. The "Wish List" is for games users want to try out or intend to buy in the future. Any game can be added to a wish list whether it has already been released or it is pending for release in the future. Users can indicate which games they are currently playing by adding them to the "Now Playing" list.

Emblems are awarded to users by completing various tasks. Some emblems show a user's status (free subscription versus paid subscription). Other emblems denote contest winners, voting participants, staff/moderators, and console aficionados.

Once one has a GameSpot profile, one can edit it, but not delete it. Asking a moderator to delete one's profile gets mixed replies since there appears to be no official posted GameSpot policy regarding the matter. Aspects of ones profile, like one's blog, can be set to "private and viewable by friends only" or "hidden to everyone." However reader reviews are always "public" unless individually deleted by the user who posted them.

Unions

Unions act as online communities within GameSpot. Each union has a blog-style front page and a message board pertaining to a specific topic. Union members post messages and topics in the board and other members of the union can respond. Each union has a level and can receive emblems for growing, being active, or posting good news topics.

Union members can also be awarded ranks within a union, currently there are three: Leader, Officer, and Recruit. Leaders are similar to Administrators of the union, and have the power to modify anything about the union, including the name, avatar and banners, and moderate topics/messages. Officers have the ability to moderate topics and messages and any other abilities the leader wishes to grant to the Officers. Recruits are regular members with the ability to take part in topic and message posting.

Gerstmann dismissal

Jeff Gerstmann, Editorial Director of the site, was fired on November 28, 2007. Immediately after his termination, rumors circulated proclaiming his dismissal was a result of external pressure from Eidos Interactive, the publisher of , which had purchased a considerable amount of advertising space on GameSpot's web site. Gerstmann had previously given Kane & Lynch a fair or undesirable rating along with critique. A month after Gerstmann's termination, freelance reviewer Frank Provo left GameSpot after eight years stating that "I believe CNET management let Jeff go for all the wrong reasons. I believe CNET intends to soften the site's tone and push for higher scores to make advertisers happy."

GameSpot staffers Alex Navarro, Ryan Davis, Brad Shoemaker, and Vinny Caravella also left as a result of Gerstmann's termination. Davis co-founded Gerstmann's subsequent project, Giant Bomb, and was later joined by Shoemaker and Caravella. Navarro became the community manager at Harmonix and in 2010 joined up with Whiskey Media, a family of sites that includes Gerstmann's Giant Bomb site, to be part of their new site Screened.com, focusing on cinema.

Paid subscriptions

GameSpot formerly had a paid subscription service known as "GameSpot Complete". On February 21, 2006, the paid subscription model was changed. It now maintains two paid membership services: Total Access and Plus.

Total Access is essentially a replacement of GameSpot Complete, as it is the same price of US$5.95 per month or $39.95 per year and offers the same basic benefits. The second premium service, GameSpot Plus, is a cheaper, intermediate-level service.

The main advantage of a paid subscription is that ads are removed that would otherwise appear with a free GameSpot account. It bears mentioning that some ads will still appear with a paid subscription if GameSpot sponsors a contest and that contest is then sponsored by an advertiser. For example, in 2008, Stride gum ads appeared throughout the website, even if the user was a paying subscriber.

The major difference between the old and new membership services is the lack of GameSpot Complete's 10 percent discount at EBGames.com. There was much discontent over this decision, and for a while, GameSpot claimed to have an unspecified replacement in the works. No further details were ever provided.

GameCenter

GameCenter was a gaming service which allowed players to host their own customized servers, chat with their friends, and play an assortment of PC games online with players all around the world, all while tracking users' stats. As of March 6, 2006, the GameCenter subscription service has been discontinued and merged into the GameSpot Total Access service. As a result, GameSpot is discontinuing support of the GameCenter client, but will continue tournament events for Total Access members.

The most recent GameCenter has no relation to the original GameCenter, which CNET Networks ran from 1995 to 2001 as a competitor to GameSpot. Shortly after CNET Networks acquired ZDNet and GameSpot in 2000, the original GameCenter was disbanded.

References

External links

GameSpot (This url redirects users to their local ccTLD version of GameSpot)

* GameSpot US

* GameSpot Australia

* GameSpot UK

* GameSpot Japan

Category:CBS Interactive websites Category:Internet forums Category:Video game review websites Category:Video game news websites Category:Internet properties established in 1996

Name	Anthony Daniels
Caption	Anthony Daniels, 2005.
Birth date	February 21, 1946
Birth place	Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom
Occupation	Mime artist, actor
Years active	1976 - present
Website	http://www.anthonydaniels.com/

Anthony Daniels (born 21 February 1946) is an English mime actor, best known for his role as the droid C-3PO in the Star Wars series of films made between 1977 and 2005.

Film and TV career

Aside from playing the pedantic droid in all six movies, Daniels has reprised the role frequently over the past three decades. He has donned the shiny suit for various promotional work, including hosting The Making of Star Wars; for appearances on The Muppet Show and Sesame Street; for The Star Wars Holiday Special; for commercials including Kenner toys, a no-smoking PSA, and even a breakfast cereal based on the character; and for prequel tie-ins such as Star Wars Connections and The Science of Star Wars. He also played C-3PO vocally in a radio serial based on the original trilogy; for the Christmas-themed Christmas in the Stars album; for the multiple Disney theme park attractions, Star Tours and ; and also for three animated series: , and . He also provided the narration and all character voices as well as reprising his role of C-3PO for the Dark Force Rising and The Last Command audio books. Daniels also has a cameo in the Outlander nightclub scene early in as a different character, Lieutenant Dannl Faytonni, the man in blue uniform who can be seen in a cutaway reaction shot after Obi-Wan disarms the bounty hunter Zam Wesell. Faytonni can also be seen at the Galaxies Opera House in .

Daniels was the voice of Legolas in Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated adaptation of The Lord of the Rings. He crops up intermittently on British TV in various dramas, notably in a recurring role in Prime Suspect starring Helen Mirren. He also played the priest in the 1990 British spoof horror film I Bought a Vampire Motorcycle. Daniels will be voicing the droid A-4PO in the upcoming MMORPG, Star Wars: The Old Republic.

Behind the scenes

Daniels was born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, the son of a plastics company executive. Daniels was never a science fiction fan. The only science fiction film he ever saw in a theatre was (1968). He was so dissatisfied with the movie that he walked out after only ten minutes and demanded his money back.

He was the only cast member of the Star Wars trilogy to voice his character in all three episodes of National Public Radio's dramatizations of the Star Wars trilogy (while Mark Hamill voiced Luke Skywalker for both A New Hope and The Empire Strikes Back, and Billy Dee Williams voiced Lando Calrissian for The Empire Strikes Back, when the Return of the Jedi adaptation was recorded many years later, Hamill and Williams were replaced by Joshua Fardon and Arye Gross, respectively).

Daniels also contributed the foreword to the collected scripts of the Return of the Jedi radio drama, as their author Brian Daley died just as the episodes were being recorded. Daniels' other Star Wars-related writings include the Wonder Column for Star Wars Insider magazine and a comic book adventure for C-3PO and R2-D2 entitled The Protocol Offensive, published by Dark Horse Comics.

As C-3PO, he says the first line in Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope, first released in 1977 and part of what is known as the Original Trilogy, and the last line in Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith, released in 2005 and part of the Prequel Trilogy.

In The Phantom Menace, Daniels did the voice work for C-3PO, but did not physically appear in the movie, as the character was a puppet instead of a costume - a prototype C-3PO controlled by someone else. He actually controlled the puppet for 2002's Episode II: Attack of the Clones, but all prototype scenes were cut, with the droid's first appearance in the movie being Daniels in costume. In this movie and 2005's Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, he also performed the ADR vocal tracks for scenes that used CGI. Daniels is the only actor to act in the original six films, , and (While co-star Samuel L. Jackson reprised his role as Mace Windu and co-star Christopher Lee reprised his role as Count Dooku in the movie, they were replaced by T. C. Carson and Corey Burton for the show). He is set to appear as C-3PO as a recurring character in the new Star Wars live-action TV series set to debut 2010 or 2011.

Daniels is an Adjunct Professor at Carnegie Mellon University's Entertainment Technology Center.

Daniels recently appeared at a Video Games Live show in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on February 12, 2010.

Daniels was recently on the North American tour.

He also played C-3PO in voice-form for the fan film Raiders of the Lost Jedi Temple of Doom: A Fan Film of Epic Proportions as a part of the Disney's Hollywood Studios' "Last Tour to Endor" event at Star Wars Celebration V in Orlando Florida as well as the Star Tours Shutdown Ceremony at Disney's Hollywood Studios Last Tour to Endor .

References

External links

Official website

Multimedia Q&A; with Daniels from the BBC website for the Ghosts of Albion

Category:1946 births Category:Living people Category:English film actors Category:English television actors Category:English voice actors Category:People from Salisbury Category:Carnegie Mellon University faculty