Sozopol Созопол
Sozopol Location of Sozopol
Coordinates: 42°25′N 27°42′E / 42.417°N 27.7°E / 42.417; 27.7Coordinates: 42°25′N 27°42′E / 42.417°N 27.7°E / 42.417; 27.7
Country	Bulgaria
Provinces (Oblast)	Burgas
Government
• Mayor	Panayot Reyzi
Elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population (2009)
• Total	5,753
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal Code	8130
Area code(s)	0550

Sozopol (Bulgarian: Созопол) is an ancient seaside town located 35 km south of Burgas on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Today it is one of the major seaside resorts in the country, known for the Apollonia art and film festival (which takes place in early September) that is named after one of the town's ancient names.

The busiest times of the year are the summer months, ranging from May to September as tourists from around the world come to enjoy the weather, sandy beaches, history and culture, fusion cuisine (Bulgarian, Greek, Turkish), and atmosphere of the colourful resort. The increasing popularity of the town has led to it being dubbed the Bulgarian St. Tropez, seeing stars like Ralph Fiennes, Brad Pitt, Angelina Jolie and Goldfrapp exploring its beauty and charm.^[1]

Part of Burgas Province and administrative centre of the homonymous Sozopol Municipality, as of December 2009, the town has a population of 5,410 inhabitants.^[2]

One of the most active and popular mayors had been Nikola Kaloyanov,^{[citation needed]} who initiated numerous infrastructure changes to modernize the town in the 70s.^{[citation needed]}

Name[link]

The original name of the city is attested as Antheia^[3] but was soon renamed to Apollonia. At various times, Apollonia was known as Apollonia Pontica (that is, "Apollonia on the Black Sea", the ancient Pontus Euxinus) and Apollonia Magna ("Great Apollonia"). By the first century AD, the name Sozopolis (Greek: Σωζόπολις) began to appear in written records. During the Ottoman rule the town was known as Sizebolu, Sizeboli or Sizebolou.

History[link]

A reconstructed gate part of Sozopol's ancient fortifications

Sozopol is one of the oldest towns on Bulgarian Thrace's Black Sea coast. The first settlement on the site dates back to the Bronze Age. Undersea explorations in the region of the port reveal relics of dwellings, ceramic pottery, stone and bone tools from that era. Many anchors from the second and first millennium BC have been discovered in the town's bay, a proof of active shipping since ancient times.

The current town was founded in the 7th century BC by Greek colonists from Miletus as Antheia. The name was soon changed to Apollonia, on account of a temple dedicated to Apollo in the town, containing a famous colossal statue of the god Apollo by Calamis, 30 cubits high, transported later to Rome by Lucullus and placed in the Capitol.

The coins, which begin in the fourth century BC, bear the name Apollonia and the image of Apollo; the imperial coins, which continue to the first half of the third century AD, and the Tabula Peutinger also contain the name Apollonia; but the "Periplus Ponti Euxini", 85, and the Notitiæ episcopatuum have only the new name Sozopolis. In 1328 Cantacuzene (ed. Bonn, I, 326) speaks of it as a large and populous town. The islet on which it stood is now connected with the mainland by a narrow tongue of land. Its inhabitants, in the past mostly Greeks, lived by fishing and agriculture.

The town established itself as a trade and naval centre in the following centuries. It kept strong political and trade relations with the cities of Ancient Greece – Miletus, Athens, Corinth, Heraclea Pontica and the islands Rhodes, Chios, Lesbos, etc. Its trade influence in the Thracian territories was based on a treaty with the rulers of the Odrysian kingdom dating from the fifth century BC.

The symbol of the town – the anchor, present on all coins minted by Apollonia since the sixth century BC, is proof of the importance of its maritime trade. The rich town soon became an important cultural centre. At these times it was called Apollonia Magna.

Ruled in turn by the Byzantine, Bulgarian and Ottoman Empires, Sozopol was assigned to the newly independent Bulgaria in the 19th century. At the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence (1821) prominent local personalities were arrested and executed by the Ottoman authorities due to participation in the preparations of the struggle.^[4]

Almost all of its Greek population was exchanged with Bulgarians from Eastern Thrace in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars. In 2011 the remainings of an ancient Greek settlement, part of Apollonia, were excavated in the small island of St. Kirik (Saint Cerycus) off Sozopolis.^[5]

Since 1984 Sozopol hosts the Apollonia art festivities every September, which include theatre shows, exhibitions, movies, musical and dance performances, book presentations and other cultural events.^[4]

Ecclesiastical history[link]

Traditional wooden architecture dominates the Old Town

Sozopol was Christianized early. Bishops are recorded as resident there from at least 431. At least eight bishops are known (Le Quien, Oriens christianus, I, 1181): Athanasius (431), Peter (680), Euthymius (787) and Ignatius (869); Theodosius (1357), Joannicius, who became Patriarch of Constantinople (1524), Philotheus (1564) and Joasaph (1721).

From being suffragan to the archbishopric of Adrianopolis, it became in the fourteenth century a metropolis without suffragan sees; it disappeared perhaps temporarily with the Turkish conquest, but reappeared later; in 1808 it was united to the See of Agathopolis. The titular resided at Agathopolis, in Ottoman days called Akhtébolou, in the vilayet of Adrianopolis (Edirne, in European Turkey).

Eubel (Hierarchia catholica medii ævi, I, 194) mentions four Latin bishops of the fourteenth century.

Fishermen's boats in Sozopol

The city remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church, that of Sozopolis in Haemimonto, suffragan of Adrianopolis. The seat has stood vacant since the death of the last titular bishop in 2000.^[6]

Art flourished in the Christian era. The ancient icons and magnificent woodcarving in the iconostases are a remarkable accomplishment of the craftsmanship of these times. The architecture of the houses in the old town from the Renaissance period makes it a unique place to visit today.

Notable natives[link]

• Patriarch John XII of Constantinople (in office 1294–1303)
• Giorgios Gounaropoulos (1889–1977), Greek painter
• Svetoslav Shivarov (b. 1944), Bulgarian politician, former Minister of Agriculture and Food Industry
• Bozhidar Dimitrov (b. 1945), Bulgarian historian

Gallery[link]

• 

  Beach

• 

  Ancient Remains

• 

  Wooden houses

• 

See also[link]

• St. Anastasia Island
• St. Cyricus Island
• St. Ivan Island
• St. Thomas Island

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sozopol

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Apollonia.

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sozopolis". Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company. 
• newdavent.org
• The news about Sozopol

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v t e Municipality of Sozopol Capital: Sozopol Villages Atiya Chernomorets Gabar Indzhe Voivoda Izvor, Burgas Province Krushevets Prisad Ravadinovo Ravna Gora Rosen Varshilo Zidarovo Landmarks St. Cyricus Island St. Ivan Island St. Peter Island Sozopol Archaeological Museum Dyuni Culture Battle of Skafida Notable people Bozhidar Dimitrov