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- Aer language
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Afghanistan
Afghanistan
i/æfˈɡænɨstæn/ (Persian/Pashto: افغانستان, Afġānistān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and Greater Middle East, it is also considered to be part of a broader West Asia. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of 647,500 km2 (250,001 sq mi), making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and the east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast.
Afghanistan has been an ancient focal point of the Silk Road and human migration. Archaeologists have found evidence of human habitation from as far back as 50,000 BC. Urban civilization may have begun in the area as early as 3,000 to 2,000 BC. Sitting at an important geostrategic location that connects the Middle East with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, the land has been home to various peoples through the ages and witnessed many military campaigns, notably by Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and in modern era Western forces. The land also served as a source from which the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Timurids, Mughals and many others have risen to form major empires.
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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
wn.com/Delhi -
Gawar-Bati language
Gawar-Bati is known in Chitral as Aranduyiwar, because it is spoken in Village Arandu, which is the last village in the bottom of Chitral and is across the Kunar River from Berkot in Afghanistan. Chitral keeps a military base in Arandu to guard against an attack by Afghanistan.
There are 9,000 speakers of Gawar-Bati, but only 1,500 are in Pakistan. The rest are in Afghanistan.
35°19′38″N 71°35′05″E / 35.32722°N 71.58472°E / 35.32722; 71.58472
The Gawar-Bati Language has not been given study by serious linguists, except that it is mentioned by George Morgenstierne (1926) and Kendall Decker (1992). It is classified as a Dardic Language but this is more of a geographical classification than a linguistic one.
The Norwegian Linguist Georg Morgenstierne wrote that Chitral is the area of the greatest linguistic diversity in the world. Although Khowar is the predominant language of Chitral, more than ten other languages are spoken here. These include Kalasha-mun, Palula, Dameli, Gawar-Bati, Nuristani, Yidgha, Burushaski, Gujar, Wakhi, Kyrgyz, Persian and Pashto. Since many of these languages have no written form, letters are usually written in Urdu or Persian.
wn.com/Gawar-Bati_language -
Gujarat
Gujarat /ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːt/ (Gujarati: ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt [ɡudʒ(ə)ɾat] (
listen)) is a state in western India. It has an area of 75,686 sq mi (196,030 km2) with a coastline of 1,600 km, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula, and a population in excess of 60 million. The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the north, Maharashtra to the south, Madhya Pradesh to the east and the Arabian Sea as well as the Pakistani province of Sindh on the west. Its capital is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Gujarat is home to the Gujarati-speaking people of India.
The state encompasses major sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, such as Lothal and Dholavira. Lothal is believed to be one of the world's first ports. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat, served as ports and trading centers in the Maurya and Gupta empires. Mahatma Gandhi, India's "father of the nation", who led the Indian Independence Movement against the British colonial rule was a Gujarati.Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, independent India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister was also from Gujarat.
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Haryana
Haryana /ˌhɑriˈɑːnə/ is a state in India. Constituted in 1966, it is one of two newly created states carved out of the greater Punjab province as a means of creating a stronger national identity. It has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189-1230). It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of Haryana is included in the National Capital Region. The capital of the state is Chandigarh which is administered as a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab.
Sites in Haryana were part of the Indus Valley and Vedic Civilizations. Several decisive battles were fought in the area, which shaped much of the history of India. These include the epic battle of Mahabharata at Kurukshetra mentioned in the Hindu mythology (including the recital of the Bhagavad Gita by Krishna), and the three battles of Panipat. Haryana was administered as part of the Punjab province of British India, and was carved out on linguistic lines as India's 17th state in 1966. Haryana is now a leading contributor to the country's production of foodgrain and milk. Agriculture is the leading occupation for the residents of the state, the flat arable land irrigated by submersible pumps and an extensive canal system. Haryana contributed heavily to the Green Revolution that made India self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s.
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Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh /hɨˈmɑːtʃəl prəˈdɛʃ/ (Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश [ɦɪmaːtʃəl prəd̪eːʃ] ( listen)) is a state in Northern India. It is spread over 21,495 sq mi (55,670 km2), and is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on the south, Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east.
Himachal Pradesh is known to be abundant in natural beauty After the Anglo Gorkha War, the British colonial government came into power. In 1950 Himachal was declared as a union territory but after the State of Himachal Pradesh Act 1971, Himachal emerged as the 18th state of the Republic of India. Himachal has many prestigious boarding schools. Hima means snow in Sanskrit, and the literal meaning of the state's name is In the lap of Himalayas. It was named by one of the great Sanskrit scholars of Himachal Pradesh, Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma. Its name means "Abode of Snow".[citation needed]
The Economy of the Himachal Pradesh is currently the third fastest growing economy in India. Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fourth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states. Due to the abundance of perennial rivers, Himachal also sells hydro electricity to other states such as Delhi, Punjab and Rajasthan. The economy of the state is highly dependent on three sources: hydroelectric power, tourism and agriculture.
wn.com/Himachal_Pradesh -
India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmiri/ˌdʒɑːmuː/ & /ˈkæʃmɪər/ is the northernmost state of India. It is situated mostly in the Himalayan mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south and internationally with the People's Republic of China to the north and east and the Pakistan-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan, to the west and northwest respectively.
Formerly a part of the erstwhile Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu, which governed the larger historic region of Kashmir, this territory is disputed among China, India and Pakistan. Pakistan, which claims the territory as disputed, refers to it alternatively as Indian-occupied Kashmir or Indian-held Kashmir, while some international agencies such as the United Nations, call it Indian-administered Kashmir. The regions under the control of Pakistan are referred to as Pakistan-occupied Kashmir or PoK within India.
Jammu and Kashmir consists of three regions: Jammu, the Kashmir valley and Ladakh. Srinagar is the summer capital, and Jammu is the winter capital. While the Kashmir valley is famous for its beautiful mountainous landscape, Jammu's numerous shrines attract tens of thousands of Hindu pilgrims every year. Ladakh, also known as "Little Tibet", is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and Buddhist culture.
wn.com/Jammu_and_Kashmir -
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh /ˈmɑːdjə prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviated MP, often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city.
Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state by area and with over 75 million inhabitants the sixth largest state in India by population. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.
The city of Ujjain (also known as Avanti) arose as a major center in the second wave of Indian urbanization in the sixth century BC, and served as the chief city of the kingdom of Malwa or Avanti. Further east, the kingdom of Chedi lie in Bundelkhand. Chandragupta Maurya united northern India c. 320 BC, establishing the Maurya empire (321 to 185 BC), which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. King Ashoka's wife was said to come from Vidisha- a town north of today's Bhopal. The Maurya empire went into decline after the death of Asoka the Great, and Central India was contested among the Sakas, Kushanas, and local dynasties during the 3rd to 1st centuries BCE. Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial center of western India from the first century BCE, located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports. It was also an important Hindu and Buddhist center.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (
i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Rajasthan
Rājasthān /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ (Hindustani pronunciation: [raːdʒəsˈt̪ʰaːn] ( listen)) the land of Rajasthanis, ("the land of kings"), is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert), which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan. The state is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers 10.4% of India, an area of 342,269 square kilometres (132,151 sq mi).
Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the state. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-western Rajasthan and the termination of the Ghaggar River near the archaeological ruins at Kalibanga of the Indus Valley Civilization, which are the oldest in the Indian subcontinent discovered so far.
One of the world's oldest mountain ranges, the Aravalli Range, cradles the only hill station of Rajasthan, Mount Abu, famous for Dilwara Temples, a sacred pilgrimage for Jains. Eastern Rajasthan has the world famous Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. It also has two national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and Sariska Tiger Reserve, and a famous temple in Khatu, Sikar district, dedicated to Khatu Shyam Ji. Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949, when the region known until then as Rajputana, consisting of erstwhile princely states ruled mainly by Rajputs.
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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh /ˌʌtər prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviation U.P. ("Northern Province"; formerly: United Provinces), is a state located in the north western part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity. Were it a nation in its own right, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous country, ahead of Brazil (a country thirty-five times larger in territorial area than Uttar Pradesh). On 9 November 2000, the Himalayan portion of the state, comprising the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions and Haridwar district, was formed into a new state 'Uttaranchal', now called Uttarakhand, meaning the 'Northern Segment' state.
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state-economy in India, with a GDP of $103.5 billion in 2009. The annual per capita GDP of the state was $1586 in 2009, on purchasing power parity basis. It contributed 8.34% to India's total GDP in the financial year 2010. Agriculture is a significant part of UP's economy. The state was India's sixth largest producer of fruits, and became the largest producer of vegetables in 2010. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,290 km2), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east.
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Uttaranchal
Uttarakhand[needs IPA] (Sanskrit: उत्तराखण्डम्, Uttarākhanḍam ?, Hindi: उत्तराखण्ड, Uttarākhanḍ ?), formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods (Hindi: देव भूमि, Dēv bhūmi ?) due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduism's most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship. Known for its natural beauty and wealth of the Himalayas, the Bhabhar and the Terai, the state was carved out of the Himalayan and adjoining north-western districts of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000, becoming the 27th state of the Republic of India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region on the north, the Mahakali Zone of Far-Western Region, Nepal on the east and the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the north west.
The region is traditionally referred to as Uttarakhand in Hindu scriptures and old literature, a term which derives from Sanskrit uttara (उत्तर) meaning north, and khaṇḍ (खण्ड्) meaning country or part of a country. It has an area of 20,682 sq mi (53,566 km²).
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Domari language
Domari is an Indo-Aryan language, spoken by the Dom people across the Middle East. The language is known to be spoken in Palestine/Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey and probably Iraq. The Gypsies of Egypt and Sudan do not speak Domari but kept a secret lexicon partly based on Domari. The language was also spoken in Iran but the last report dates back to the 19th century. Since then, no speakers of Domari were found in Iran and the only Indo-Aryan language still spoken in Iran is Zargari, a variety of European Romani.
Domari is also known as "Middle Eastern Romani", "Tsigene", "Luti", or "Mehtar". Dialects include:
Some dialects may be highly divergent and not mutually intelligible.
Domari was once thought to be the "sister language" of Romani, the two languages having split after the departure from the Indian subcontinent, but more recent research suggests that the differences between them are significant enough to treat them as two separate languages within the Central zone (Hindustani) group of languages. The Dom and the Rom are therefore likely to be descendants of two different migration waves out of India, separated by several centuries.
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Iranian languages
The Iranian languages (also called Iranic languages) form a subfamily of the Indo-Iranian languages which in turn are a subgroup of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples.
The Iranian languages are considered in three stages of Old (until 400 BCE), Middle (400 BCE – 900 CE), and New (since 900 CE). From the Old Iranian languages the better understood and recorded ones are Old Persian (a language of Achaemenid Iran) and Avestan (the language of Zarathushtra). Middle Iranian languages included Middle Persian (a language of Sassanid Iran) and Parthian (a language of Arsacid Iran). There are many Iranian languages, the largest amongst them are Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi.
Today, there are an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. The Ethnologue lists 87 Iranian languages.Persian has about 65 million native speakers, Pashto about 50 million, Kurdish about 18 million, Balochi about 7 million, and Lurish about 2.3 million.
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Kalash language
Kalasha (also known as Kalasha-mondr) is an Indo-European language in the Indo-Iranian branch spoken by the Kalash people, further classified as a Dardic language in the Chitral Group. Georg Morgenstierne maintains that "The Kalasha do not belong to the special Kafir branch of Indo-Iranian but speak a true Indo-Aryan language." The Kalasha language is phonologically atypical because it contrasts plain, long, nasal, and retroflex vowels as well as combinations of these (Heegård & Mørch 2004). According to the Chitrali researcher Rehmat Aziz Chitrali, the correct name of the language is Kalasha.
The kalasha language is the closest modern language to ancient sanskrit(old indo aryan) closely followed by western dardic khowar
Kalasha is spoken by the Kalasha people who reside in the remote valleys of Bumburet, Birir and Rumbur, which are west of Ayun, which is ten miles down the river from Chitral Town, high in the Hindu Kush mountains in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The Kalasha have their own religion, with gods and goddesses, although it is estimated that half of the Kalasha have converted to Islam. There are an estimated 6,000 speakers of Kalasha, of which 3,000 still follow the Kalasha religion and the other 3,000 have converted to Islam.
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Khwarezmian language
Khwarezmian, also known as Khwarazmian or Chorasmian, is the name of an extinct East Iranian language closely related to Sogdian. The language was spoken in the area of Khwarezm (Chorasmia), centered in the lower Amu Darya south of the Aral Sea (the northern part of the modern Republic of Uzbekistan, and the adjacent areas of Turkmenistan).
Our knowledge of Khwarezmian is limited to its Middle Iranian stage and, as with Sogdian, little is known of its ancient form. Before the advance of Islam in Transoxiana (early 8th century), Khwarezmian was written in a script close to that of Sogdian and Pahlavi with its roots in the imperial Aramaic script. From the few surviving examples of this script on coins and artifacts it has been observed that written Khwarezmian included Aramaic logograms or ideograms, that is Aramaic words written to represent native spoken ones.
After the advance of Islam, Khwarezmian was written using an adapted version of the Perso-Arabic alphabet with a few extra signs to reflect specific Khwarezmian sounds, such as the letter څ, which represents /ts/ and /dz/, as in the traditional Pashto orthography.
wn.com/Khwarezmian_language -
Talysh language
The Talyshi language is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Historically, the language and its people can be traced through the middle Iranian period back to the ancient Medes. It includes many dialects usually divided into three main clusters: Northern (in Azerbaijan and Iran), Central (Iran) and Southern (Iran). There are a wide variety of estimates for the number of Talyshi speakers with reliable estimates running anywhere from 500,000 to 1 million. Talyshi is partially, but not fully, intelligible with respect to Persian. Talysh is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
The origin of the name Tolish is not clear but is likely to be quite old. The name of the people appears in early Arabic sources as Al-Taylasân and in Persian as Tâlišân and Tavâliš, which are plural forms of Tâliš. Northern Talysh (in the Republic of Azerbaijan) was historically known as Tâlish-i Guštâsbi. Talysh has always been mentioned with Gilan or Muqan. Hamdallah Mostowfi writing in the 1340s calls the language of Gushtaspi covering the Caspian border region between Gilan to Shirvan is called a Pahlavi language connected to the language of Gilan. Although there are no confirmed records, the language called in Iranian linguistics as Azari can be the antecedent of both Talyshi and Tati. Miller’s (1953) hypothesis that the Âzari of Ardabil, as appears in the quatrains of Shaikh Safi, was a form of Talyshi. That was also confirmed by Henning (1954). In western literature the people and the language are sometimes referred to as Talishi, Taleshi or Tolashi. Generally speaking, the written books and texts concerning Taleshi are rare. However, In the recent decades a scientific and research movement has come about in this old region in poetry, history, literature, etc.
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Gojri Geet Song Gujjar Gojri song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:46
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Gojri_Geet_Song_Gujjar_Gojri_song
Kund Bala Gojri Bait Gojri Song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
Pakistan Zinda Baad Gujjar Zinda Baad
http://wn.com/Kund_Bala_Gojri_Bait_Gojri_Song
Gojri Folk Song : Gujjar :Kunjariyee : Mohammad Yousuf
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:49
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
This Folk-Song is very popular among Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir
http://wn.com/Gojri_Folk_Song_Gujjar_Kunjariyee_Mohammad_Yousuf
This Folk-Song is very popular among Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir
- published: 02 Aug 2009
- views: 24002
- author: javaid rahi
Gojri Folk Song : Doli By Seema Anil Sehgal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:07
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
This is one of the most popular Folk Song of Gojri. Uploaded by Dr. Javaid Rahi for lovers of Gojri language and Gujjar culture
http://wn.com/Gojri_Folk_Song_Doli_By_Seema_Anil_Sehgal
This is one of the most popular Folk Song of Gojri. Uploaded by Dr. Javaid Rahi for lovers of Gojri language and Gujjar culture
- published: 26 Jul 2009
- views: 10102
- author: javaid rahi
tattapani gojri song by naveed alam ch
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/tattapani_gojri_song_by_naveed_alam_ch
Funny Gojri News - Ahtesham
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 02 Nov 2010
Annual Result 2009 of Spring Field College, Bagh Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
http://wn.com/Funny_Gojri_News_Ahtesham
Annual Result 2009 of Spring Field College, Bagh Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
- published: 23 Jul 2009
- views: 5299
- author: Hamid Abdullah Sofi
Gojri Song : Gujjars : Chaman Lal Gurdaspuri Poet Fathey Mohad Darhalvi (Rajouri)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Updated: 02 Oct 2011
This SI HARFI in GOJRI is very popular in Poonch Rajouri
http://wn.com/Gojri_Song_Gujjars_Chaman_Lal_Gurdaspuri_Poet_Fathey_Mohad_Darhalvi_Rajouri
This SI HARFI in GOJRI is very popular in Poonch Rajouri
- published: 31 Jul 2009
- views: 9870
- author: javaid rahi
Gojri song (Gowan Kotli Azad Kashmir)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
http://wn.com/Gojri_song_Gowan_Kotli_Azad_Kashmir
Gojri Folk Song Kashmir Singer Zaman Sailani Gujjar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:35
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Gojri Folk Song Kashmir Singer Zaman Sailani Gujjar
http://wn.com/Gojri_Folk_Song_Kashmir_Singer_Zaman_Sailani_Gujjar
Gojri Folk Song Kashmir Singer Zaman Sailani Gujjar
- published: 22 Jan 2010
- views: 4399
- author: javaid rahi
Gojri Song : Gujjars : Kartar Poonchi Poet Noor Mohammad Noor
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
The Song was recorded in Poonch on the Opening day of Poonch Rawlakote Route. The Song is uploaded by Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation for Lovers of Gojri.
http://wn.com/Gojri_Song_Gujjars_Kartar_Poonchi_Poet_Noor_Mohammad_Noor
The Song was recorded in Poonch on the Opening day of Poonch Rawlakote Route. The Song is uploaded by Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation for Lovers of Gojri.
- published: 30 Jul 2009
- views: 27971
- author: javaid rahi
gojri song uploaded by HABIB UR REHMAN GUJJARfrom mansehra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
gojri song battal sathangali
http://wn.com/gojri_song_uploaded_by_HABIB_UR_REHMAN_GUJJARfrom_mansehra
GOJRI SONGS GUJJARS SONGS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:09
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
GOJRI SONGS
http://wn.com/GOJRI_SONGS_GUJJARS_SONGS
Gojri Song Mahiyo Singer Deepali Watal Bashir Mastana
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:40
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Gojri Song Mahiyooo Singer Deepali Watal Bashir Mastana of Jammu in India
http://wn.com/Gojri_Song_Mahiyo_Singer_Deepali_Watal_Bashir_Mastana
Gojri Song Mahiyooo Singer Deepali Watal Bashir Mastana of Jammu in India
- published: 21 Jan 2010
- views: 15218
- author: javaid rahi
Gojri Bait Singer Nizam Din Chouhan Poet Khuda Bakhash Zar Poonchi Jammu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Gujjars Gojri Bait Singer Nizam Din Chouhan Poet Khuda Bakhash Zar Poonchi Jammu
http://wn.com/Gojri_Bait_Singer_Nizam_Din_Chouhan_Poet_Khuda_Bakhash_Zar_Poonchi_Jammu
Gujjars Gojri Bait Singer Nizam Din Chouhan Poet Khuda Bakhash Zar Poonchi Jammu
- published: 22 Jan 2010
- views: 6196
- author: javaid rahi
Gojri Sog : By Shafiq Khan of Mehndhar Poonch Poet Zabeh Rajourvi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
This Song is popular in Gujjars.
http://wn.com/Gojri_Sog_By_Shafiq_Khan_of_Mehndhar_Poonch_Poet_Zabeh_Rajourvi
Gojri Folk Song by Suraj Singh Shabnum Akhter Bano Jammu India
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:17
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Gojri Folk Song by Suraj Singh Shabnum Akhter Bano Jammu India
http://wn.com/Gojri_Folk_Song_by_Suraj_Singh_Shabnum_Akhter_Bano_Jammu_India
Gojri Folk Song by Suraj Singh Shabnum Akhter Bano Jammu India
- published: 21 Jan 2010
- views: 4502
- author: javaid rahi
Gojri Song : Gujjars :Singer : Kailash Mehra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:37
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation : uploaded this Song
http://wn.com/Gojri_Song_Gujjars_Singer_Kailash_Mehra
Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation : uploaded this Song
- published: 29 Jul 2009
- views: 21123
- author: javaid rahi
Gojri Song ..sung by Bashir Mastana ,Poet Mansha Khaki , Popular in Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:36
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Recorded and uploaded by Dr.Javaid Rahi of tribal Research and Cultural Foundation for lovers of Gojri language and culture across world.
http://wn.com/Gojri_Song_sung_by_Bashir_Mastana_,Poet_Mansha_Khaki_,_Popular_in_Gujjars_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir
Recorded and uploaded by Dr.Javaid Rahi of tribal Research and Cultural Foundation for lovers of Gojri language and culture across world.
- published: 06 May 2011
- views: 4611
- author: javaid rahi
Gojri Naat : Gujjars : Shafiq Khan of Mehandar Poonch Kalam Shahbaz Rajourvi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
this is a popular naat in Poonch Rajouri
http://wn.com/Gojri_Naat_Gujjars_Shafiq_Khan_of_Mehandar_Poonch_Kalam_Shahbaz_Rajourvi
Gojri Song :Gujjars :Beisakh: By Bashir Mastana
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:12
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
The Folk-Song is very popular in Jammu, Poonch, Kashmir, Rajouri, Kotli, Mirpur, Muzaffarabad and uploaded by Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation.
http://wn.com/Gojri_Song_Gujjars_Beisakh_By_Bashir_Mastana
The Folk-Song is very popular in Jammu, Poonch, Kashmir, Rajouri, Kotli, Mirpur, Muzaffarabad and uploaded by Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation.
- published: 31 Jul 2009
- views: 20143
- author: javaid rahi
Gojri Song : Gujjars : Kailash Mehra :Poet Israel Asar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Updated: 19 Dec 2010
This is one of the popular song of Gojri uploaded by Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation an organisation working on Gujjars in J&K; (INDIA)
http://wn.com/Gojri_Song_Gujjars_Kailash_Mehra_Poet_Israel_Asar
This is one of the popular song of Gojri uploaded by Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation an organisation working on Gujjars in J&K; (INDIA)
- published: 31 Jul 2009
- views: 4847
- author: javaid rahi
Gojri Song, Gujjars, : Noor Jahan ,
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:33
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
Gojri Song is loaded by Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation
http://wn.com/Gojri_Song,_Gujjars,_Noor_Jahan_,
Gojri Song is loaded by Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation
- published: 16 Oct 2009
- views: 17765
- author: javaid rahi
GOJRI SONG ,BAIT BY Ayaz Saif POET Khuda BAkash ZAR POONCHI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Updated: 03 Sep 2012
GOJRI SONG ,BAIT BY ayaz saif POET khuda bkash ZAR POONCHI
http://wn.com/GOJRI_SONG_,BAIT_BY_Ayaz_Saif_POET_Khuda_BAkash_ZAR_POONCHI
GOJRI SONG ,BAIT BY ayaz saif POET khuda bkash ZAR POONCHI
- published: 20 Jan 2010
- views: 9884
- author: javaid rahi
photo: AP / Aijaz Rahi
22 Dec 2012
Tweet. 0 Email. Report. Photo 1 of 18. In 2009, ELLE Magazine named Mrs Assad the most stylish woman in world politics. She is an icon of fashion in her country. Credit. Aimee Kligman. In 2009, ELLE Magazine named Mrs Assad the most stylish woman in world politics. She is an icon of fashion in her country.In 2009, ELLE Magazine named Mrs Assad the most stylish woman in world politics ... Syrians detained by the Assad regime. 13 Photos ... 10 Photos ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)
photo: AP / Alfred de Montesquiou
21 Dec 2012
UNITED NATIONS -- The U.N. Security Council on Thursday authorized military action to wrest northern Mali from the control of al-Qaida-linked extremists, but it demanded progress first on political reconciliation, elections and training African troops and police ... Instead, it set out benchmarks to be met before the start of offensive operations, starting with progress on a political roadmap to restore constitutional order ... U.N ... On Nov ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
photo: Public Domain / Tm
21 Dec 2012
The UN Security Council on Thursday unanimously approved sending an African-led intervention force to help Mali’s army reconquer much of the country from Islamist militants. The 15-member council gave the force an initial one year mandate to use “all necessary measures” to help the Mali government take back the northern half of the country from “terrorist, extremist and armed groups.” ... Agence France-Presse ....(size: 1.9Kb)
photo: AP / Kirsty Wigglesworth
21 Dec 2012
Former Chelsea and Liverpool midfielder Raul Meireles is said to have been given an 11-match ban by the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) for spitting at a referee. In trouble. Raul Meireles is alleged to have spat at the referee after being sent-off . By Telegraph Sport. 10.14AM GMT 21 Dec 2012. Comments ... It is alleged that Meireles spat at the official and also made a homophobic comment ... After the match he said ... . European ... View ... ....(size: 8.6Kb)
photo: AP
22 Dec 2012
An Egyptian constitution drafted by Islamists is expected to be approved in a referendum on Saturday after the charter, which opponents say will create deeper turmoil, won approval in a first wave of voting a week ago. The opposition have already cried foul, saying a litany of abuses means last Saturday’s ballot, involving about half the electorate, should be re-run ... Polling stations open at 8 a.m. (0600 GMT) and close at 7 p.m....(size: 4.4Kb)
GroundReport
15 Dec 2012
Srinagar, December 15 (Scoop News) –A group of young lawyers practicing in the state high court today joined PDP. The lawyers led by Adv ... Those who joined the party today include Adv.Gh Mohd Bhat, Adv. Qazi Ayaz, Adv ... Parvez Ah, Adv.Sarafraz Ah Rathore, Adv Gowhar and Adv Imran Gojri ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
Deccan Chronicle
25 Oct 2012
During extensive interrogation of the arrested Jammu and Kashmir police constables — Abdul Rashid Shigen, Imtiyaz Ahmed Gojri and Manzoor Ahmed Chiloo — by various security agencies, it has emerged that they carried out the attack on Mr Qureshi at the instruction of Syed Salahuddin, chief of the terror group, official sources said on Wednesday....(size: 2.2Kb)
Zeenews
24 Oct 2012
During extensive interrogation of the arrested Jammu and Kashmir Police constables--Abdul Rashid Shigen, Imtiyaz Ahmed Gojri and Manzoor Ahmed Chiloo-- by various security agencies, it has emerged that they carried out the attack on Qureshi at the instruction of Syed Salahuddin, chief of the terror group, official sources said on Tuesday....(size: 2.8Kb)
noodls
19 Oct 2012
J&K; Bank conducted a financial literacy camp at Zainapora Shopian in collaboration with District Animal Husbandry Department. The camp was attended by a good gathering of people who were sensitized about the Bank's Dairy Entrepreneur Development Scheme (DEDS) and Poultry Venture Development Scheme (PVDS) ... BDO Achhabal G Q Gojri thanked the FLCC for conducting such awareness programme in his block ... distributed by....(size: 2.5Kb)
IMC
17 Oct 2012
Submitted by poster on Wed, 2012-10-17 03.10. http.//daw.poekra.pl/Fqhd.html Nursing assessment sheet. http.//pen.rassope.pl/Drhi.html 9650 blackberry coach faceplates. http.//bed.adesga.pl/Cewtc.html How long does an extenze shot last. http.//crt.koikuy.pl/Qnya.html Virtual date with crystal walkthrough part 2. http.//bur.cadsew.pl/Zybyk.html Meloetta dns code ... mobotix m10 ... mikenote prod ... http.//abt.oiakser.pl/Gojri.html One night in paris....(size: 256.0Kb)
IBN Live
08 Oct 2012
Srinagar. The Indian Army is under fire for summoning dead persons in the probe into the Pathribal encounter that took place in the Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir in March 2000. The families of the victims are shocked at the callousness ... We cannot go there." ... Roshan Jan, wife of slain Juma Khan, said that she could not understand any other language except Gojri and hence was unable to attend proceedings....(size: 2.6Kb)
The Times of India
16 Sep 2012
SRINAGAR. As the army initiated a court martial in the scandalous encounter at Pathribal in which five civilians were roasted alive and dubbed militants responsible for the massacre of Chittisinghpora Sikhs, the victims have developed cold feet ... Most of the 'witnesses' live in far off south Kashmir ... "She even cannot speak any language other than Gojri." ... "We are neither witness to their killing nor have any material evidence," Khan said....(size: 3.4Kb)
GroundReport
06 Sep 2012
 ... He also approved enhancement of scholarship for the students of calligraphy and cash prize for photography and films ... 12.5 crore ... He said the Academy also organized best book award presentation, young artist, folk festival, painting competition, Gojri heritage festival, theatre, workshop for women, Tagore theatre festival etc during this period besides publication of 133 publications in various language ... www.scoopnews.in. Â. Â. ....(size: 4.3Kb)
Kashmir Observer
05 Sep 2012
The state government will recommend Gojri for its inclusion into 8th Schedule of Indian constitution ... He said Gojri will be developed on modern lines with its inclusion into the list of schedule languages of India ... ....(size: 1.1Kb)
Kashmir Observer
28 Aug 2012
Srinagar, Aug 27 ... The injured have been identified as Sharifa Bano, Gulshan Bano, Rohail Ahmad, Naseer Ahmad, Me’raj-ud-din, Ghulam Mohammad Gojri and Muhammad Yousuf ... (KNS). ....(size: 1.1Kb)
GroundReport
25 Aug 2012
Kangan/Srinagar,August 25 (Scoop News) â   Diverse forms of music traditions reflecting rich cultural inheritance of Gujjars were showcased today in a largely attended âState Level Gojri Music Festival' organized by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages  held  at Baba Nizam-ud-Din Park....(size: 2.0Kb)
Kashmir Observer
25 Aug 2012
Srinagar, Aug 25 ... current trends in the contemporary Kashmiri poetry, Kashmir in devotional poetry, influence of Kashtwari on Shaikh-ul Aalam’s poetry, changing trends in Kashmiri poetry, Kashmiri language and literature in times of peace and conflict, Kashmiri culture and folk literature, distinct characteristics of contemporary Urdu poetry in Kashmir, contemporary literature in the Gojri language, and the status of mother tongue ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
Indian Express
22 Aug 2012
The constable, identified as Abdul Rashid Shigan, was working with the security wing and was deputed at the residence of the Bandipore Superintendent of Police, when he was arrested. His accomplice, Imtiyaz Ahmad Gojri, has also been arrested and had been jailed in the past for militant activities, the police said ... contd. PAGE. 12 . Single Page Format ....(size: 1.6Kb)
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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (November 2009) |
 |
Gujari test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
| Gojri | |
|---|---|
| Gujari | |
| Spoken in | Pakistan, India |
| Native speakers | 990,000 (1992–2000) |
| Language family |
Indo-European
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | gju |
Gojri, also known as Gujari is a variety of Rajasthani spoken by the Gujjars of Northern-Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.[1][2]
Rajasthani, Marwari and Gujarati are evolved from Gujari.[3] The language was known as Gujjar bhakha or Gurjar Apabhramsha lately. It was used as literary language as early as 12th century. The poet Bhoja referred to Gaurjar Apabhramsha (Gurjar Apabhramsha) in 1014 AD.[4]
The language is mainly spoken in the Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttaranchal, Punjab, Gujarat and many other parts of India. The language is also spoken by Gujjars of Pakistan. Many Gujari words origniate from Turkish.[5] The Government of Jammu and Kashmir has recognized Gujari by including it into sixth scheduled of the constitution.[6]
Contents |
History[link]
Gojri is an offshoot of Indo-Aryan Group of languages, and during the dawn of Sanskrit and Persian poetry and prose in the Indian sub-continent several noted poets and Sufi saints used Gojri to spread their message. Noted poet-musician Hazrat Amir Khusro formally made mention Gojri language in the list of eighteen Indian languages of his time. Researchers and historians are of considered opinion that Gujri language is the mother of Rajasthani and Gujarati languages [7]
According to well researched document[citation needed] the poets and saints who used this language to spread their message were: Saint Noor-ud-Din; Sat Guru (1094 CE); Amir Shah Miran Ji (1494 CE); Shah Bhajan (1397-1508 CE); Qazi Mehmood Daryaee (1419-1545 CE); Ali Jevan Gham Dhani (1565 CE); Burhan–ud-Din Janam (1572 CE); Khub Mahammad Chashti (1539-1614 CE); Adil Shah Sani Jagat Guru (1411 CE); Qutab Shah (1556-1611 CE); Mulana Afzal Pani Patti (1625 CE); Amin Gujrati (1657 CE) Miran Ji Hashmi (1688 CE) etc. These poets and saints known all over India for their unique socio-cultural fraternity used Gojri in their verses to communicate and spread the message of brotherhood, peace and secularism.
As it continues to be a significant language in the subcontinent, Gojri has richly contributed to literary traditions and treasure in the forms of Mathnavis, prose, folklore and religious literature.
Gojri is being widely spoken and is in fact mother tongue of over 20 Million people residing in various parts of India particularly in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Uttaranchal.[8]
Literature and Communications[link]
Internationally noted linguistic researcher Sir G. A. Gareirson, while analysing various languages of India, has written a full volume on the Gojri language. In his work Sir Garreirson has accepted and outlined universal influence of Gojri and its impact on other Indian languages. Oxford University compiled the first ever grammar of the Gojri language in 1905. The Linguistic Survey of India has surveyed various aspects of Gojri Language and its influence on other languages. In its research project, the Linguistic Survey of India has described Gojri as one of the main languages instrumental in developing and flourishing other languages. The Central Institute of Indian Language Mysoor Karnatika, under Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, has published various books on the linguistic aspect of Gojri language.
Institutions working for Gojri[link]
The All India Radio and Doordarshan Kendra are already running various Gojri programmes. The Radio Kashmir Jammu, Srinagar, Poonch in India and Seven Radio Stations of Pakistan and PTV have since long been airing Gojri programmes and news bulletins which has wide acceptance across the state of Jammu and Kashmir. A large number of Gojri books have been published in various in various subjects which include encyclopedias, dictionaries, grammar, poetry, prose, flora and fauna, folklore, art and architecture, agriculture, sociology and research documents. The National Academy of Letters, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi has also recognised Gojri as one of the major Indian languages for its prestigious National Award, Bhasha Samman and other programmes. The Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Arts, Culture and Languages has a well established Gojri Department in its Central Office which is in operation for last 30 years. Hundreds of books in Gojri, dictionaries and other research works have been published by this institutasion and organised hundreds of Seminar, conference etc. for the development of Gojri Language. Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education made curriculum in Gojri up to Middle Standard for Teaching Gojri in Schools. The University of Jammu Council has also approved the opening of Gojri Research Centre in Jammu and University of Kashmir have awarded several Doctorate Degrees on completing research projects on Gojri. In Pakistan-administered Kashmir, the Gojri Academy has been established and Post Graduate Studies Department has been set up in various Universities, Regional Research Centers.
Organizations working for Gojri:
- Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation Poonch
- Gurjar Desh Charitable Trust Jammu
- Anjmun Gujjran Srinagar
- Jammu and Kashmir Anjuman Taraqi Gojri Adab Rajouri
- Bhartya Gurjar Pareshad Uatter Pardesh.
- Anjuman Gojri Zuban-o-Adab Tral Kashmir
- Organisation of Himalyan Gujjars Poonch
- Adbi Sangat Wangat Kashmir
- Adbi Majlis Gojri Jammu
- Sarwari Memorial Gojri Society Jammu
- Gojri Dramatic Club Jammu
- Gujjar Writers Association Uri Baramulla.
- Gojri Anjumun Badgam
- Gujjar Manch Kathua
- Bazm-i-Adab Kalakote Rajouri
- Gojri Development Center Karnah Kupwara
Halqa.e.Gojari Adab Gilgit
Demographics[link]
The communities that speak Gojri as second language include:[9]
- Muslim Jats of Jammu and Kashmir
- Backward classes of Poonch/Rajouri/Udhampur/Doda/Baramulla/Kupwara
- Gaddi Tribe of Kashmir
- Mir and Qurieshi Tribe of Poonch and Rajouri Districts in India
- Pakhtoons
- Hazarwi Tribes
- Peer Panchal Tribes
- Bakerwals
- Ajhries
- Paharis (Muslms)
- Some Dogri Sipeaking People of Udhampur
- Some Kashmiri Speaking people of Poonch, Rajouri, Doda, Baramulla, and Kupwara
- Punjabis of POONCH & RAJOURI
- Hindko Speaking
References[link]
- ^ Gojri And Its Relationship With Rajasthani, Etc.
- ^ Dr. R.P. Khatana. "Gujari Language and Identity in Jammu and Kashmir". Kashmir News Network: Language Section (koshur.org). http://www.koshur.org/Linguistic/5.html. Retrieved 2007-05-31.
- ^ Ajay Mitra Shastri; R. K. Sharma, Devendra Handa (2005). Revealing India's past: recent trends in art and archaeology. Aryan Books International. p. 227. ISBN 8173052875, ISBN 978-81-7305-287-3. "It is an established fact that during 10th-11th century.....Interestingly the language was known as the Gujjar Bhakha.."
- ^ K. Ayyappapanicker (1997). Medieval Indian literature: an anthology, Volume 3. Sahitya Akademi. p. 91. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA91&dq.
- ^ http://www.merinews.com/article/gujjars-are-of-turkish-descent---study/15767331.shtml
- ^ The Government of Jammu and Kashmir has already recognised Gojri by including it in the sixth schedule of the constitution - http://jktribals.page.tl/Gojri-Language.htm, http://www.merinews.com/article/writers-in-jk-seek-constitutional-safeguards-for-gojri/129813.shtml
- ^ Ajay Mitra Shastri; R. K. Sharma, Devendra Handa (2005). Revealing India's past: recent trends in art and archaeology. Aryan Books International. p. 227. ISBN 8173052875, ISBN 978-81-7305-287-3. "It is an established fact that during 10th-11th century.....Interestingly the language was known as the Gujjar Bhakha.."
- ^ State /Aprx. Population /Language - http://jktribals.page.tl/Gojri-Language.htm
- ^ OTHER TRIBE/COMMUNITIES SPEAK GOJRI - http://jktribals.page.tl/Gojri-Language.htm
- 1992: Rensch, Calvin R., Hindko and Gujari National Institute of Pakistani Studies, 305 pp. ISBN 969-8023-13-5.
External links[link]
- Dr. R.P. Khatana. Gujari Language and Identity in Jammu and Kashmir.
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http://wn.com/Gujari
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujari
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to establish notability by adding reliable, secondary sources about the topic. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted. (August 2009) |
Chaman Lal[1] (born August 27, 1947) is an Indian academic and author. He is currently Professor in Hindi translation at Centre of Indian Languages, Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi.
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Lal was born on 27 August 1947 in Rampura Phul town of Bathinda district in Punjab and had his early education there. He received an Master of Arts degree in Hindi and Punjabi from Panjab University, Chandigarh. He has an MA in linguistics and a Ph.D in Hindi from Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi.
Career[link]
Prior to his current position at Jawaharlal Nehru University, Lal was the head of the Department of Hindi at Punjabi University, Patiala. He served as Hindi Officer in Corporation Bank, Bombay, and as sub-editor in the newspaper Jansatta in New Delhi before joining Punjabi University as a lecturer in Hindi in 1985. He also served for two years at Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, during 1994-95 as Reader in Hindi Translation.Dr. Chaman Lal is a well-known writer of Hindi, Punjabi, and English.He is presently Visiting Professor on Hindi Chair at The University of the West Indies, Trinidad&Tobago for year 2011.
Ideology[link]
Chaman Lal is committed to progressive, rational and scientific humanist outlook and influenced by Marxist thought. During the emergency (1975–77), he was imprisoned for seven months.
Honours and awards[link]
1. Sahitya Akademi National Translation Prize-2002
2. National Award by Central Hindi Directorate-2001
3. Shiromani Hindi Sahityakar Award by Punjab Govt.-2003
4. Justice Shardacharan Setu Samman, Kolkata-2006
5. Honoured by many cultural organizations.
Publications/Books[link]
History of Bhagat Singh & other revolutionaries[link]
Hindi[link]
- Bhagat Singh Aur Unke Sathiyon Ke Dastavej (Co- edited), ( Preface by Shiv Verma, close associate of Bhagat Singh ) 1986/87
- Bhagat Singh Ke Sampooran Dastavej (Edited) ( 2004), ( Preface by Bhagat Singh’s younger brother Kultar Singh)
- Bhagat Singh ke Rajnitik Dastavez (Edited), NBT, New Delhi (Hindi) 2007
- Shaheed Bhagat Singh: Dastavezon ke Aiane Mein (Edited) (Published by Govt. of India Publication Division 2007
- Ghadar Party Nayak-Kartar Singh Sarabha 2007
- Bhagat Singh, Medha publications Delhi 2009
English[link]
Jail Note book and Other Writings-Bhagat Singh (Compiled and Introduction) 2007
Punjabi[link]
Bhagat Singh:Vicharvan Inqlabi, (Punjabi), Navyug Press, New Delhi 2009
Ghadar party Naik Kartar Singh Sarabha (Punjabi), NBT, New Delhi, 2008
Inqlabi Itihas De Sunehari Panne (History) (Punjabi) 2005
Punjabi Translation of Manmath Nath Gupt’s ‘Bharat Ke Krantikari’, (Close associate of Bhagat Singh, Serialized in Ghadar Party Memorial Hall Jalandhar’s Punjab journal ‘DeshBhagat Yaadan’, edited by legendary Ghadarite Baba Gurmukh Singh)
Marathi[link]
Bhagat Singh:Sampuran Vangmay(Edited) (Preface by Justice P.B. Sawant, retired Supreme Court Judge ) 2007 Apart from his writings on Bhagat Singh,he also delivered thirty lectures in India and abroad during Bhagat Singh centenary(2006–08)
Book in Hindi[link]
Criticism[link]
Yashpal Ke Upanyason Mein Rajnitik Chetna. 1986
Pratinidhi Hindi Upanayas. 1988
Yashpal Ke Upnayas 2002
Sahitya Sanskriti Ka Pragatisheel Samajshastriya Avlokan 2002
Guru Ravi Das: Dalit Sahitya Ke Agardoot 1998
Kavita ke Manviya Sarokar 2005
Dalit Sahitya: Eik Mulyankan 2008
Edited[link]
Vartman Ke Rubru (Selected Prose Writings and Evaluation of Paash) 2000 Dalit Aur Ashwet Sahitya 2001 Hindi Patarkarita:Vividh Aayam 2006 Yashpal Ke Upanyas:Vividh Preprekshya 2006 Jagdish Chander:Dalit Jivan ke Upanyaskar-2010
Edited And Translation[link]
Beech Ka Raasta Nahin Hot-Paash 1989
Samay ‘o Bhai Samay-Paash 1993, (Winner of Sahitya Academy National Translation Prize -2001)
Lahu Hai Ke Phir Bhi Gata Hai –Paash 1998
Jab Janjire Tootengi-Paash 2002
Sampooran Kavitayen-Paash 2004
Kabhi Nahin Socha Tha -Surjit Patar 1998, (Winner of Central Hindi Directorate’s National Award for Year 2001)
Dr. Daljit Singh Ki Pratinidhi Kavitayen (Edited & Translated) 2003
TejaSingh (Translation) 1997
Dharamguru (Translation) 2005
Andhere Mein Sulgati Varanmala-Surjit Patar-Translation with introduction of poet's Sahitya Akademi award winning collection,2010
Shreshath Kahanian-Waryam Sandhu (Selection&Trans.), 2009
Books in English[link]
The Punjabi and Dalit Images in Indian literature (Criticism) 1998
Gurmukhi Manuscripts in Patiala 1990
Storms Never Know Defeat-Paash (Edited) 1989
Dalit and Woman in Indian Literature (edited-bilingual) 2001
Books in Punjabi[link]
Criticism[link]
Punjabi Novel Te Desh Di Wand Da Parbhav,Amritsar, 1985
Prasangvash,Haranad,Delhi, 1996
Shahkar Sahita Te Sahitkar,Chetna Prakashan Ludhiana, 2000
Edited And Translation[link]
Vartman De Rubru Kala,Sahit Te Sabhiachar,Punjabi University,Patiala, - Luxun 1999
Ekam-Translation-(Birender Kumar Bhattacharya ‘s novel),NBT,New Delhi, 1987
Bharti Jailan Vich Panj Vareh-Translation-Mary Tylor,Tarakbharti,Barnala(Punjab) 1985/2006
Books in Marathi[link]
Sampuran Bhagat Singh Vangmaya (Translation with preface by retired Supreme court judge P.B.Sawant) 2007
Paash Chya Nivadak Kavita (Translated) 2008
Apart from these books his writings are available on his blogger[2] and wordpress[3] blogs
References[link]
- ^ "Biogdata of Dr. Chaman Lal". JNU. http://www.jnu.ac.in/Faculty/clal/.
- ^ Dr. Chaman Lal. "Dr. Chaman Lal at Blogger". http://chamanlal-jnu.blogspot.com.
- ^ Dr. Chaman Lal. "Dr. Chaman Lal at wordpress". http://drchaman.wordpress.com.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lal, Chaman |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | August 27, 1947 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Chaman_Lal
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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| Suraj Singh | |
|---|---|
| MP | |
| Constituency | Balia |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1964-05-03) 3 May 1964 (age 48) Patna, Bihar |
| Political party | Lok Janshakti Party |
| Spouse(s) | Veena Devi |
| Children | 2 sons |
| Residence | Patna |
| As of 26 September, 2006 Source: [1] |
|
Suraj Singh (born 3 May 1964) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Balia constituency of Bihar and is a member of the Lok Janshakti Party political party.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Singh, Suraj |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Indian politician |
| Date of birth | 3 May 1964 |
| Place of birth | Patna, Bihar |
| Date of death | 02 Dec 2010 |
| Place of death | Randibazar |
  |
This article about an Indian politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Suraj_Singh
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suraj_Singh
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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Wiki Summary
Gojri, also known as Gujari is a variety of Rajasthani spoken by the Gujjars of Northern-Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.
Rajasthani, Marwari and Gujarati are evolved from Gujari. The language was known as Gujjar bhakha or Gurjar Apabhramsha lately. It was used as literary language as early as 12th century. The poet Bhoja referred to Gaurjar Apabhramsha (Gurjar Apabhramsha) in 1014 AD.
The language is mainly spoken in the Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttaranchal, Punjab, Gujarat and many other parts of India. The language is also spoken by Gujjars of Pakistan. Many Gujari words origniate from Turkish. The Government of Jammu and Kashmir has recognized Gujari by including it into sixth scheduled of the constitution.
Gojri is an offshoot of Indo-Aryan Group of languages, and during the dawn of Sanskrit and Persian poetry and prose in the Indian sub-continent several noted poets and Sufi saints used Gojri to spread their message. Noted poet-musician Hazrat Amir Khusro formally made mention Gojri language in the list of eighteen Indian languages of his time. Researchers and historians are of considered opinion that Gujri language is the mother of Rajasthani and Gujarati languages
