Assembly of the Republic Assembleia da República
Type
Type	Unicameral
Leadership
President of the Assembly	Maria da Assunção Esteves, Social Democratic since 21 June 2011
Structure
Members	230
Political groups	Government coalition      Social Democratic Party (108)      People's Party (24) Opposition parties      Socialist Party (74)      Communist Party (14)      Left Bloc (8)      "The Greens" (2)
Elections
Voting system	List PR D'Hondt method
Last election	5 June 2011
Meeting place
São Bento Palace, Lisbon, Portugal
Website
Assembleia da República

The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced: [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ dɐ ʁɛˈpublikɐ]) is the Portuguese parliament. It is located in a historical building in Lisbon, referred to as Palácio de São Bento, the site of an old Benedictine monastery. The Palace of São Bento was formerly known as the seat of the National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional) during the Estado Novo regime.

According to the Portuguese Constitution, the unicameral Assembly "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens." The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's organs of supreme authority.

Powers and duties of the Assembly[link]

The Assembly of the Republic's powers derives from its power to dismiss a government through a vote of no confidence, to change the country's laws, and to amend the constitution (this one requires a majority of two-thirds). In addition to these key powers, the constitution grants to the Assembly extensive legislative powers and substantial control over the budget, the right to authorize the government to raise taxes and grant loans, the power to ratify treaties and other kinds of international agreements, and the duty to approve or reject decisions by the President of the Republic to declare war and make peace. The assembly also appoints many members of important state institutions, such as ten of the thirteen members of the Constitutional Court and seven of the sixteen members of the Council of State.

The constitution requires the assembly to quickly review and approve an incoming government's program. Parliamentary rules allow the assembly to call for committees of inquiry to examine the government's actions. Political opposition represented in the assembly has the power to review the cabinet's actions, even though it is unlikely that the actions can be reversed. Party groups can also call for interpellations that require debates about specific government policies.

Structure[link]

The assembly consisted at first of 250 members, but the constitutional reforms of 1989 reduced its number to between 180 and 230. Members are elected by popular vote for legislative terms of four years from the country's twenty-two constituencies (eighteen in mainland Portugal corresponding to each district, one for each autonomous regions, Azores (Portuguese: Açores) and Madeira, one for Portuguese living in Europe and a last one for those living in the rest of the world. Except for the constituencies for Portuguese living abroad, which are fixed at two members each, the number of voters registered in a constituency determines the number of its members in the assembly, using the D'Hondt method of proportional representation. Constituencies vary greatly in size; from as large as the district of Lisbon, which returns 48 representatives, to as small as the district of Portalegre, which elects just two.

São Bento Palace, home of the Portuguese Parliament.

Portugal

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Portugal

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According to the constitution, members of the assembly represent the entire country, not the constituency from which they are elected. This directive has been reinforced in practice by the strong role of political parties in regard to members of the assembly. Party leadership, for example, determines in which areas candidates are to run for office, thus often weakening members' ties to their constituencies. Moreover, members of the assembly are expected to vote with their party and to work within parliamentary groups based on party membership. Party discipline is strong, and insubordinate members can be coerced through a variety of means. A further obstacle to members' independence is that their bills first have to be submitted to the parliamentary groups, and it is these groups' leaders who set the assembly's agenda.

The President of the Republic Assembly is the second hierarchical figure in the Portuguese state and is usually nominated by the party that holds the majority of the seats. The President is aided by four vice-presidents, nominated by the other parties represented in the parliament, and is usually the speaker. When he is not present, one of the vice-presidents takes the role of speaker. When the President of the Republic is, for any reason, unable to perform to job, the President of the Assembly of the Republic becomes his substitute.

Latest election[link]

e • d Summary of the 5 June 2011 Assembly of the Republic elections results

Parties		Votes	%	±pp swing	MPs					MPs %/ votes %
					2009	2011	±	%	±
	Social Democratic	2,159,181	38.66	9.6	81	108	27	46.96	11.7	1.21
	Socialist	1,566,347	28.05	8.5	97	74	23	32.17	10.0	1.15
	People's Party	653,888	11.71	1.3	21	24	3	10.43	1.3	0.89
	Democratic Unity Coalition	441,147	7.90	0.0	15	16	1	6.96	0.4	0.88
	Left Bloc	288,923	5.17	4.6	16	8	8	3.48	3.5	0.67
	PCTP/MRPP	62,610	1.12	0.2	0	0	0	0.00	0.0	0.0
	Party for Animals and Nature	57,995	1.04	—	—	0	—	0.00	—	0.0
	Earth Party	22,705	0.41	0.3	0	0	0	0.00	0.0	0.0
	Hope for Portugal Movement	21,942	0.39	0.1	0	0	0	0.00	0.0	0.0
	National Renovator Party	17,548	0.31	0.1	0	0	0	0.00	0.0	0.0
	Labour Party	16,895	0.30	0.2	0	0	0	0.00	0.0	0.0
	People's Monarchist Party	14,687	0.26	0.0	0	0	0	0.00	0.0	0.0
	New Democracy Party	11,806	0.21	0.2	0	0	0	0.00	0.0	0.0
	Portugal pro life	8,209	0.15	0.0	0	0	0	0.00	0.0	0.0
	Workers Party of Socialist Unity	4,572	0.08	0.0	0	0	0	0.00	0.0	0.0
	Democratic Party of the Atlantic	4,569	0.08	—	—	0	—	0.00	—	0.0
	Humanist Party	3,588	0.06	—	—	0	—	0.00	—	0.0
Total valid		5,357,037	95.92	1.0	230	230	0	100.00	0.0	—
Blank ballots		148,618	2.66	0.9
Invalid ballots		79,399	1.42	0.1
Total (turnout 58.03%)		5,585,054	100.00	1.7
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Distribution by constituency[link]

Presidents[link]

Presidents of the National Assembly[link]

President of the Constituent Assembly[link]

Presidents of the Assembly of the Republic[link]

See also[link]

• São Bento Palace
• ARtv (Portugal)

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• Official webpage of the Assembly of the Republic

Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Republic or The Republic can refer to:

• Republic, a type of government where the citizens choose the leaders of their country
• Federal republic, a federation of states with a republican form of government
• Constitutional republic, a form a government that is limited by a constitution

Writings[link]

• The Republic (Plato), a dialogue by Plato
• Republic, a lost text by Crates of Thebes
• The Republic (Zeno) (Πολιτεία), a partially lost text by Zeno of Citium
• De re publica (The Republic), a dialogue by Cicero
• Six livres de la république, or La République, Republic in English, a 1577 book by Jean Bodin
• The Republic (newspaper), a bi-weekly publication from Vancouver, Canada
• The Arizona Republic, largest newspaper in Arizona

Political advocacy[link]

• Republic (political organisation), a British republican organisation

Locations[link]

• Republic, Kansas
• Republic, Michigan
• Republic, Missouri
• Republic, Ohio
• Republic, Pennsylvania
• Republic, Washington

Transportation[link]

• Republic Aviation, an American aircraft manufacturer notable for producing the P-47 Thunderbolt, the F-84 Thunderjet, and the F-105 Thunderchief
• Republic Airlines refers to two companies
  • Republic Airlines, a regional air carrier affiliated with US Airways
  • Republic Airlines (1979-1986), a defunct airline purchased by Northwest Airlines that ceased operating in 1986
• SS Republic of 1853, a ship lost in an 1865 hurricane with a large cargo of gold coins
• SS Republic of 1872, a liner of the White Star Line
• RMS Republic of 1903, the second White Star liner to bear the name, and the first ship ever to signal distress by wireless telegraphy, lost after colliding with the SS Florida
• Republic Airport, a general aviation airport in Long Island, New York
• Republic Motor Truck Company, manufacturer of commercial trucks circa 1913 - 1929, in Alma, Michigan

Fiction[link]

• USS Republic (Star Trek), a starship in the Star Trek universe
• Galactic Republic, a form of interplanetary government in the Star Wars universe

Music[link]

• Republic (album), a 1993 New Order album
• Republic? (album), a 2005 sHeavy album
• Republic (band), a Hungarian rock group
• Republica, a British pop group
• Republic Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group
• Republic - 100.3 FM, a Radio Station in Thessaloniki, Greece, transmitting mainly electronic music

Other[link]

• Republic Pictures, an American movie and serial production company
• Republic: The Revolution, a 2003 computer strategy game
• Republic (retailer), a British clothing retailer
• Statue of the Republic, a statue in Jackson Park, Chicago
• The United States of America is sometimes called "The Republic", especially in a classical sense.

See also[link]

• Republican (disambiguation)
• Republica (disambiguation)
• List of republics
• Roman Republic
• Weimar Republic
• First Republic (disambiguation)
• Second Republic (disambiguation)
• Third Republic (disambiguation)
• Fourth Republic (disambiguation)
• Fifth Republic (disambiguation)
• Sixth Republic of South Korea
• First Republic of Poland
• Second Republic of Poland
• Third Republic of Poland

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source	Rating
Allmusic	[1]
Pitchfork Media	[2]
Rolling Stone	[3]

Keep It Together is an album by the band Guster released in June 2003. The album was recorded from 2001 to 2003 in Bearsville, New York, New York City, Burbank, California, and Shokan, New York. This is the first album by Guster that features Brian Rosenworcel on kit drums instead of hand percussion. Keep It Together went through several working titles, including Bitch Magic, Olympia Dukakis and Come Downstairs & Say Hello.

Joe Pisapia contributed guest vocals on "Jesus on the Radio." Just months after the release of the album, he became the new member of the band.

The song "I Hope Tomorrow Is Like Today" features Ben Kweller on vocals.

Track listing[link]

1. "Diane" – 3:46
2. "Careful" – 3:42
3. "Amsterdam" – 3:37
4. "Backyard" – 2:55
5. "Homecoming King" – 3:37
6. "Ramona" – 3:06
7. "Jesus on the Radio" – 2:17
8. "Keep It Together" – 3:43
9. "Come Downstairs and Say Hello" – 5:16
10. "Red Oyster Cult" – 3:27
11. "Long Way Down" – 4:34
12. "I Hope Tomorrow Is Like Today" – 3:22
13. "Silence" – 0:30
14. "Two at a Time" (hidden track – 4:57)

Charts[link]

Album - Billboard (North America)

Singles - Billboard (North America)

Song facts[link]

• "Jesus on the Radio" - When the band plays the song live, they often play it "unplugged", without any instruments or microphones plugged in.^[4]

• "Keep It Together" - The song can be heard at the end of the Season 1 The O.C. episode The Rescue.

• "I Hope Tomorrow Is Like Today" - The song can be heard during the film Wedding Crashers, when John and Jeremy "break up".

See also[link]

• The Meowstro Sings - Guster's Keep It Together

References[link]

The Assembly were a British synthpop project formed in 1983 in Basildon, England, by Vince Clarke (songwriting, keyboards, backing vocals) and Eric Radcliffe (songwriting, production).

Feargal Sharkey was hired as a guest vocalist for the A-side of the group's only single, "Never Never". Clarke and Radcliffe had planned to use a different singer on each track the group recorded,^[1] but the group disbanded after the release of "Never Never", and no other vocalists were employed by the duo.

Band history[link]

Clarke founded The Assembly shortly after disbanding Yazoo (featuring vocalist Alison Moyet), upon completion and distribution of Yazoo's 1983 album, You and Me Both.

The Assembly marked the most-involved phase of Clarke's long-term professional relationship with sound engineer Radcliffe, who had contributed significant influences to the recordings of Clarke's previous bands, Depeche Mode and Yazoo. However, the Assembly project never became a full-fledged band and resulted in only one single release, the UK hit "Never Never". It featured a sampled guitar track triggered note for note on a Fairlight CMI). The sound was augmented by session musician Clem Clempson on electric guitar.^[1]

Former Undertones frontman Feargal Sharkey was hired to sing on this track. Clarke and Radcliffe had planned to use a different singer on each track the group recorded,^[1] but none were released after "Never Never".

The other track on the single, "Stop/Start," was an instrumental, featuring Clarke's signature songwriting style with syncopation that gradually became the downbeat of the musical phrase.^{[citation needed]}

Despite the commercial success of the single, The Assembly was no longer a functioning entity by the end of 1984. Clarke went on to form Erasure with vocalist and co-songwriter Andy Bell in 1985. Although Erasure worked with Radcliffe on some of their early work, they eventually began working with other producers and engineers, including Flood. Sharkey, for his part, began a successful solo career in 1984 and achieved his only UK number one single in 1985 with "A Good Heart".

"Never Never" was re-released on CD single in 1996 with four tracks, containing both the normal and extended versions of both the title song, and "Stop/Start".^[1] The music video for "Never Never", filmed at Upminster Windmill in the London Borough of Havering, was featured on the first Now That's What I Call Music! video in 1983, though it did not feature on the corresponding compilation album.

Reunion[link]

In May 2011, Sharkey appeared on stage during the Erasure set at Mute Records's Short Circuit music festival for a one-off performance of "Never, Never" with Clarke.

Discography[link]

• "Never Never" – A side "Never Never", B side "Start-Stop" (instrumental) – 1983 – Mute TINY1 – No. 4 UK^[2]

See also[link]

• The Tube (TV series)
• Casio VL-1

References[link]

Bill Sargent

William Hilton "Bill" Sargent (February 25, 1907 – March 18, 1963) was an American college, high school, and professional football coach. He served as the head coach at Loyola Marymount University from 1947 to 1948. Sargent also coached the Los Angeles Bulldogs and Hollywood Rangers, professional teams that played in California-based leagues. He led those clubs to capture the Pacific Coast Professional Football League and the American Football League championships, respectively.

Early life[link]

Sargent attended Loyola Marymount University, where he played on the football team as a left end from 1928 to 1930, including a year under head coach Mike Pecarovich.^[1] In 1930, he played alongside two of his brothers on the Loyola line; Ted and George Sargent played at left tackle and left guard, respectively.^[2]

Coaching career[link]

After college, Sargent remained at his alma mater as its freshman team coach,^[3] a role in which he served through the 1936 season.^[4] Sargent resigned in April 1937 to take over as head coach at Loyola High School, also in Los Angeles, California,^[5][6] "where he built up an enviable record," according to the Spokane Daily Chronicle.^[7]

In November 1938, Loyola Marymount head coach Tom Lieb stepped down, and some favored Sargent as his replacement.^[8] The Loyola newspaper described him as a popular choice on campus due to his reputation as one of the best ends in school history, his experience as the freshman coach, and because many students had attended Loyola High.^[9] However, the position ultimately went to Mike Pecarovich, his former college coach who returned for a second stint at the school. The following February, Pecarovich hired Sargent as a line coach.^[7][10]

In 1941, Sargent was again coach at Loyola High School.^[11] In February, he was mentioned as a candidate for the vacant head coaching position at Ventura Junior College.^[9] He led the Loyola High Cubs to three consecutive Catholic League championships from 1944 to 1946.^[12]

California professional teams[link]

In 1944, Sargent also coached the Hollywood Rangers in the short-lived American Football League of the Pacific Coast.^[13] He led the team to a perfect 11–0 record for the best finish in the eight-team league during its only season.^[14] The United Press credited some of the success to Sargent's decision to move former USC end Bob Winslow to quarterback, which it called a "brilliant stroke of genius."^[15]

In June 1945, Sargent took over as head coach for the Los Angeles Mustangs, formerly of the AFL, which continued to play as an independent.^[16] By November, Sargent was coach of the Los Angeles Bulldogs, a member of the Pacific Coast Professional Football League. That month, the club signed Frankie Albert, famed former Stanford quarterback.^[17] Sargent held that position through the 1946 season.^[18] On January 19, 1947, Los Angeles beat the Tacoma Indians, 38–7, to capture the league championship.^[19]

Around this time, boxer Joe Louis organized an all-star game intended to pit a collegiate team of recently graduated players—possibly to feature such stars as Charley Trippi, Buddy Young, Alex Agase, and Burr Baldwin—against a team of professional players.^[20] The game was scheduled for January 26,^[21] and the pros were to be coached by Sargent.^[22] In response, the PCPFL announced that it would bar its players from participating.^[20] Rufus J. Klawans, the league president,^[23] threatened to "blacklist" any of the league's players who participated in the unsanctioned event.^[20][24] However, members of the Bulldogs vowed to play in the all-star game anyway.^[25] Sargent devised a remedy for the situation: he would release the players before the game and re-sign them shortly afterward.^[22] The organizers ran into difficulty when the league players demanded more money after they learned Buddy Young, former University of Illinois star halfback, would be paid $5,000 for his professional debut in the contest.^[26] The Friday before the game, Sargent instructed his players not to participate.^[27] The game was cancelled due to the financial difficulties, which caused Louis to lose the $7,500 he had invested.^[21]

Return to college[link]

In February 1947, Loyola Marymount hired Sargent as its head coach and athletic director, and awarded him a five-year contract.^[12] He said that he aimed to field the best possible team immediately and to rebuild the program for the future.^[28] The Lions managed only three wins in each of his two seasons, and Sargent compiled a 6–12–1 record.^[29] He did accomplish his second goal, however, and was credited with recruiting an excellent class in 1948.^[30] He resigned both of his athletic posts mid-season on November 10, 1948 at the recommendation of his physician.^[31]

Sargent later worked in the petroleum industry and traveled extensively. He was a vice president and the director of oil tool sales for the Sargent Engineering Corp.^[32] He died on March 18, 1963 in Lynwood, California at the age of 56.^[33] Sargent suffered an apparent heart attack while at St. Francis Hospital.^[34]

References[link]