Capital punishment is no longer applied in San Marino. The last execution was carried out in 1468, by hanging. San Marino is one of only two countries in the world to have carried out no executions since before 1800 - the other being Liechtenstein, where the last execution took place in 1785.

San Marino was the first country in the world to abolish the death penalty for ordinary crimes, in 1848; in 1865, it became the second country in the world (and the first in Europe) to abolish the death penalty for all crimes, following Venezuela in 1863. It is one of only three countries to have abolished the death penalty for all crimes before 1900 - the other two being Costa Rica and Venezuela.

In 1989, it formally ratified Protocol 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights, which requires the complete abolition of the death penalty in peacetime.

San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino (ⁱ/sæn məˈriːnoʊ/ san-mə-REE-noh; Italian: Repubblica di San Marino) and also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is a state situated on the Italian Peninsula on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave surrounded by Italy. Its size is just over 61 km² (24 sq mi) with an estimated population of over 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino. San Marino has the smallest population of all the members of the Council of Europe.

San Marino is the oldest surviving sovereign state and constitutional republic in the world, as the continuation of the monastic community founded on 3 September 301, by stonecutter Marinus of Rab. Legend has it that Marinus left Rab, then the Roman colony of Arba, in 257 when the future emperor, Diocletian, issued a decree calling for the reconstruction of the city walls of Rimini, which had been destroyed by Liburnian pirates.

The constitution of San Marino, enacted in 1600, is the world's oldest constitution still in effect. The country's economy mainly relies on finance, industry, services and tourism. It is one of the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP (per capita), with a figure comparable to some of the more developed Italian regions, such as Lombardy and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. San Marino is considered to have a highly stable economy, with one of the lowest unemployment rates in Europe, no national debt and a budget surplus.

Capital punishment, the death penalty, death sentence, or execution is a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. The term capital originates from the Latin capitalis, literally "regarding the head" (referring to execution by beheading).

Capital punishment has in the past been practised by most societies (one notable exception being Kievan Rus); currently only 58 nations actively practice it, and 97 countries have abolished it (the remainder have not used it for 10 years or allow it only in exceptional circumstances such as wartime). It is a matter of active controversy in various countries and states, and positions can vary within a single political ideology or cultural region. In the European Union member states, Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment.

Currently Amnesty International considers most countries abolitionist. The UN General Assembly has adopted, in 2007, 2008 and 2010, non-binding resolutions calling for a global moratorium on executions, with a view to eventual abolition. Although many nations have abolished capital punishment, over 60% of the world's population live in countries where executions take place, as the People's Republic of China, India, the United States of America and Indonesia, the four most-populous countries in the world, continue to apply the death penalty (although in India, Indonesia and many US states it is only used rarely). Each of these four nations voted against the General Assembly resolutions.

Giovanni Christiaan van Bronckhorst OON (Dutch pronunciation: [dʒijoːˈvɑni vɑn ˈbrɔŋkɦɔrst]; born 5 February 1975 in Rotterdam), known as Gio in Spain, is a retired Dutch footballer of Moluccan (Indonesia) descent who served as the captain of the Dutch national team from August 2008 until his retirement.

During his club career, Van Bronckhorst played for RKC Waalwijk (1993–94), Feyenoord (1994–98), Rangers (1998–2001), Arsenal (2001–03), FC Barcelona (2003–07), and again Feyenoord (2007–10). He was an instrumental player in Barcelona's 2005–06 UEFA Champions League victory, being in the starting line-up of the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League against his old club Arsenal F.C., having played every Champions League match for Barcelona that season.

He has earned over 100 caps for the Dutch national team, and played for his country in three World Cups (1998, 2006 and 2010), as well as three European Championships (2000, 2004, and 2008). After the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final, he was elected into the Order of Orange-Nassau.

Christian Karl Gerhartsreiter (born February 21, 1961) is a German man who moved to the United States as a teenager to study, and thereafter assumed many aliases. Using the false name Clark Rockefeller, he married a Harvard Business School graduate student named Sandra Boss. The couple had homes in Boston and New Hampshire, and lived a prosperous lifestyle solely on Boss's high income as a business consultant. Boss eventually determined her husband had lied to her extensively, and sought a divorce. After their estrangement, Gerhartsreiter kidnapped their daughter, Reigh Storrow Mills Boss, in July 2008 and was arrested six days later. Investigations determined that Gerhartsreiter had wildly embellished his background to give the impression that he was born into great wealth, as a member of the Rockefeller family. He was later convicted and imprisoned on the kidnapping charge, which is presently under appeal. A book about Gerhartsreiter, The Man in the Rockefeller Suit, was published in 2011 by journalist Mark Seal.