Duke of Braganza
Former Monarchy
Ducal Coat of arms
Duarte Pio
First monarch	Afonso I
Last monarch	Luis I
Official residence	Ajuda Palace Barcelos Palace Belém Palace Guimarães Palace Necessidades Palace Queluz Palace Ribeira Palace Vila Viçosa Palace
Monarchy started	1442
Monarchy ended	1 February 1908
Current pretender	Duarte Pio

The title Duke of Braganza (Portuguese: Duque de Bragança) in the House of Braganza is one of the most important titles in the peerage of Portugal. Since the House of Braganza acceded to the throne of Portugal in 1640, the male heir of the Portuguese Crown was known as the Duke of Braganza and Prince of Brazil until 1822, or sometimes also as Prince of Beira. The tradition of the heir to the throne being titled Duke of Braganza was revived by various pretenders after the foundation of the Portuguese Republic on 5 October 1910 to signify their claims to the throne.

History of Dukedom[link]

Feudal dukes[link]

The Duke of Braganza holds one of the most important dukedoms in Portugal, see Duchy of Braganza (Bragança) . Created in 1442 by King Afonso V of Portugal for his uncle Afonso, Count of Barcelos (natural son of King John I of Portugal), it is one of the oldest fiefdoms in Portugal.

By 1640, Portugal was on the verge of rebellion against Spanish rule, and a new Portuguese king had to be found. The choice fell upon John, 8th Duke of Braganza, who had a claim to the throne of Portugal both through his grandmother Catherine of Guimarães, a legitimate granddaughter of King Manuel I, and through his great-great-grandfather, the 4th duke of Braganza, a nephew of King Manuel I. John was a modest man without particular ambitions to the crown. Legend has it that his wife Luisa of Guzman urged him to accept the offer by saying, "I'd rather be queen for one day than duchess for a lifetime". He accepted the leadership of the rebellion against Spain, which was successful, and was acclaimed King John IV of Portugal on 1 December 1640.

Dukedom in the Braganza monarchy[link]

After the accession of the House of Braganza to the Portuguese throne in 1640 as a replacement for the Philippine Dynasty of Spanish Habsburgs, the Dukedom of Braganza became linked to the crown. Duke of Braganza became the traditional title of the heir to the Portuguese throne, together with or alternate to Prince of Beira, much as Prince of Wales is in the United Kingdom. After the 8th Duke had ascended the royal throne, he elevated his son and heir Teodósio to the newly-created rank of Prince of Brazil in 1645, but granted the Duchy of Braganza to his brother, the Infante Duarte, who died in 1649 in Spanish captivity. Then it was granted to king's second son, the future Afonso VI of Portugal.

From this onwards, the Duke of Braganza was kept for the heir apparent of the throne – in its strictest sense. Although the other title for an unavoidable heir, that of Prince of Brazil, was from time to time granted even to female heirs, the Duke of Braganza was always reserved only for the male heir except for two extraordinary creations, in 1683 and 1711. These two creations are deemed invalid by some legalists, who accordingly number the dukes in a way that Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal, the last Duke of Braganza during the period of Portuguese monarchy, is reckoned to be the 21st Duke. The present table reflects a numbering that specifies him as the 21st Duke.

When Emperor Pedro I of Brazil abdicated his throne in 1831, he retained his title Duke of Braganza. After his death in 1834, it was (possibly erroneously^{[weasel words]}) regarded to have reverted to the Portuguese crown and passed to his grandson Pedro of Coburg upon his birth in 1837. However, in 1889, Pedro I's son and heir, the deposed emperor Pedro II of Brazil, took over the use of this ducal title^{[citation needed]}. At that point, for two subsequent years, there were two dukes^{[citation needed]}: the deposed emperor Pedro II who lived in France, and the very young Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal, in Lisbon.

On 1 February 1908 King Charles I of Portugal was murdered with his eldest son and heir, Luís Filipe, the last individual during the monarchy to carry that title. Carlos was succeeded by Manuel II of Portugal but for a short time: on 5 October 1910, a republic was instituted, and the king was exiled. King Manuel II then settled in England.

Dukes in the post-monarchy era[link]

After the foundation of the Portuguese Republic in 1910, the tradition of the heir to the throne being titled Duke of Braganza was revived by various pretenders to signify their claims to the throne.

In the last years of the deposed king Manuel II of Portugal, the dukedom of Bragança allegedly passed to Miguel II, son of the exiled king Miguel I of Portugal, who was living in the Austrian Empire. His branch of the Braganza family allegedly became heirs to the crown in 1932, when Manuel II died without children. These Braganzas were officially allowed to return to the country in 1950 and have lived there ever since.

Presently, the commonly acknowledged duke of Braganza and Portuguese heir is Duarte Pio of Braganza (born 1945). Unlike some European countries (such as Greece), which continue to forbid the presence of the heirs of former royal houses in their lands, republican Portugal and its claimants to the throne have long been reconciled, a fact shown when among the guests at the wedding of Duarte Pio was the President of the Portuguese Republic and the country's prime minister.

List of Dukes of Braganza[link]

See also[link]

• Portuguese nobility
• Duke of Barcelos
• Duke of Guimarães
• List of Portuguese monarchs
• List of dukes of Braganza
• List of Portuguese Dukedoms
• Kings of Portugal family tree
• House of Burgundy
• House of Aviz
• Philippine Dynasty
• House of Braganza
• Timeline of Portuguese history

External links[link]

• Genealogy of the Dukes of Braganza in Portuguese

Bibliography[link]

• "Nobreza de Portugal e Brasil", Vol. II, pages 433/449. Published by Zairol Lda., 1989, Lisbon.

João Lourenço Rebelo, or João Soares Rebelo, (1610 – 16 November 1665) was court composer to John IV of Portugal (1603–1656).

Life[link]

Rebelo was born in Caminha in 1610. He entered the service of Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza in 1624 at the age of fourteen, then became music teacher to his son, who was to become João II, 8th Duke of Braganza in 1630.^[1] Rebelo continued to develop as a musician and composer, becoming master of the ducal chapel at Vila Viçosa.

On 1 December 1640 João became King John IV of Portugal and Rebelo transferred to the royal chapel where he continued to foster the King's interest in music and his gifts as a composer.^[2]

In 1646 Rebelo was made a nobleman, fidalgo-cavaleiro of the Casa Real. Later he was elevated to a commander of the Order of Christ, a position with significant financial benefits. John IV also honored Rebelo by having his music published, and by dedicating his own first musical treatise to the composer.^[3][4][5]

Rebelo died at Apelação (Loures) on 16 November 1661. Both King John IV and Rebelo's brother, the chaplain and singer padre Marcos Soares Pereira, predeceased him in 1656.^[6]

Works[link]

Rebelo wrote a large amount of sacred music, including a 39-voice mass for John IV's 39th birthday. Some of this music was lost in the Lisbon earthquake of November 1, 1755.

Recordings[link]

• 1996 Sacred Music from Seventeenth Century Portugal Melgás & Rebelo. The Sixteen, Harry Christophers, Collins Classics 1465, reissued as Coro 16020
• 2000 Rebelo: Vesper Psalms and Lamentations. Huelgas Ensemble, dir. Paul Van Nevel, Sony Vivarte 53115

References[link]

1. ^ Fanfare, 17,2 p.359 1993
2. ^ Ivan March, Edward Greenfield, Robert Layton. The Penguin guide to compact discs and cassettes‎ 1995 p.915
3. ^ Tim Carter, John Butt The Cambridge history of seventeenth-century music‎ 2005 p 299
4. ^ Journal of the American Musicological Society,1950 p.110
5. ^ (Portuguese) Instituto Camões article at Hamburg University
6. ^ Sir George Grove, Stanley Sadie, The New Grove dictionary of music and musicians, Vol.15 1980 p640

This article about a Portuguese composer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

João de Matos Moura Lourenço (born 8 April 1942 in Alcobaça) is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a striker.

Football career[link]

Lourenço started playing football in 1960, with local G.C. Alcobaça. After one season, he joined Associação Académica de Coimbra.

In the 1964 summer, Lourenço joined top division powerhouse Sporting CP, remaining with the Lisbon club for eight years, and winning the 1966 and 1970 national championships. He was a member of the Portuguese squad that participated in the 1966 FIFA World Cup in England, but didn't make any appearance in the competition for the eventual third-placed team,^[1] eventually being the only player called for the tournament that would never be capped.

Lourenço retired from football in June 1972, aged only 30. He scored 145 goals in 219 official games for the Lions, including 93 in the league. In a rainy afternoon in October 1965, he netted four in a 4–2 away win against S.L. Benfica, as Sporting went on to win the domestic championship; in European competition he added 18, only being surpassed many years later by Liédson.^[2]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Profile at Zerozero

v t e Portugal squad – 1966 FIFA World Cup Third Place 1 Américo 2 Carvalho 3 Pereira 4 Vicente 5 Germano 6 Peres 7 Figueiredo 8 Lourenço 9 Hilário 10 Coluna (c) 11 Simões 12 J. Augusto 13 Eusébio 14 Cruz 15 Duarte 16 Graça 17 Morais 18 Torres 19 Pinto 20 Baptista 21 J. Carlos 22 Festa Coach: Glória