A wedding anniversary is the anniversary of the date a wedding took place. Traditional names exist for most of them: for instance, 50 years of marriage is called a "golden wedding anniversary" or simply a "golden wedding".

Official recognition[link]

In the Commonwealth realms, one can receive a message from the monarch for 60th, 65th, and 70th wedding anniversaries, and any wedding anniversary after that.^[1] This is done by applying to Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom, or to the Governor-General's office in the other Commonwealth realms.^[2]

In Canada, one can also receive a message from the Governor General for the 50th anniversary, and every 5th anniversary after that.^[3]

The situation is similar in Australia, where one can receive a letter of congratulations from the Governor-General on the 50th and all subsequent wedding anniversaries; the Prime Minister, the federal Opposition leader, local members of parliament (both state and federal), and state Governors may also send salutations for the same anniversaries.^[4]

In the United States, one can receive a greeting from the President for any wedding anniversary on or after the 50th.^[5]

Roman Catholics may apply for a Papal blessing through their local diocese for wedding anniversaries of a special nature (25th, 50th, 60th, etc.).^[6]

Celebration and gifts[link]

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia. (December 2009) Don't speak German? Click here to read a machine-translated version of the German article. Click [show] on the right to review important translation instructions before translating. Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. After translating, {{Translated|de|Hochzeitstag}} must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

The names of some anniversaries provide guidance for appropriate or traditional gifts for the spouses to give each other; if there is a party these can be brought by the guests or influence the theme or decoration. These gifts vary in different countries, but some years have well-established connections now common to most nations: 5th Wooden, 10th Tin, 15th Crystal, 20th China, 25th Silver, 30th Pearl, 40th Ruby, 50th Golden, 60th Diamond. The tradition may have originated in medieval Germany where, if a married couple lived to celebrate the 25th anniversary of their wedding, the wife was presented by her friends and neighbours with a silver wreath to congratulate them for the good fortune that had prolonged the lives of the couple for so many years. On celebration of the 50th, the wife received a wreath of gold. Over time the number of symbols expanded and the German tradition came to assign gifts that had direct connections with each stage of married life. The symbols have changed over time. For example in the United Kingdom, diamond was a well known symbol for the 75th anniversary, but this changed to the now more common 60th anniversary after Queen Victoria's 60 years on the throne was widely marked as her Diamond Jubilee.

The origins of the current gift conventions date to 1937. Before that, only the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 50th, and 75th anniversaries had an associated gift. In 1937, the American National Retail Jeweler Association (now known as Jewelers of America as a result of an organizational merger) introduced an expanded list of gifts. The revamped list gave a gift for each year up to the 20th, and then for every fifth anniversary after that.^[7]

[edit] Traditional anniversary gifts

Lists of wedding anniversary gifts vary by country.

[edit] Flower gifts

See also[link]

• Hierarchy of precious substances

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Wedding anniversaries

Lloyd Banks
Lloyd Banks on the set of the "Rider Pt. 2" video.
Background information
Also known as	The Boy Wonder, Blue Hefner, Punch Line King
Born	(1982-04-30) April 30, 1982 (age 30) New Carrollton, Maryland
Origin	South Jamaica, Queens, New York, USA
Genres	Hip hop
Occupations	Rapper
Years active	1999 – present
Labels	G-Unit (2003 – present) Interscope (2003–2009) EMI[1] (2010 – present)
Associated acts	G-Unit, Tony Yayo, 50 Cent, Eminem, Obie Trice, Mobb Deep
Website	www.lloydbanks.com

Christopher Charles Lloyd (born April 30, 1982),^[2] better known by his stage name Lloyd Banks, is a Multiracial American rapper and member of the rap group G-Unit. Raised in South Jamaica, Queens, he dropped out of high school in 1998. G-Unit released two albums, Beg for Mercy in 2003 and T.O.S. (Terminate on Sight) in 2008. Banks released his first solo album The Hunger for More in 2004 with the top ten hit single "On Fire". He followed with Rotten Apple in 2006 and left Interscope Records 2009. In 2010 G-Unit signed with EMI ^[3] to distribute Banks third studio album H.F.M. 2 (Hunger for More 2), which was released on November 22, 2010.^[4]

Early life[link]

Banks was born in New Carrollton, Maryland and raised in Queens, New York City; he is of mixed Puerto Rican and African American descent.^[5] His father spent most of Lloyd's childhood in prison,^[6] leaving his mother to raise him and his two siblings.^[7] Lloyd attended August Martin High School^[8] but dropped out at age 16.^[6] For his stage name, he took his great, great-grandfather's name Banks, which was passed on by his uncles who also shared it.^[5]

Career with G-Unit (1999-present)[link]

G-Unit was founded when childhood friends Lloyd Banks, 50 Cent, and Tony Yayo decided to make a group with each other.^[6] They met Young Buck when UTP group came to New York and 50 Cent heard Young Buck rapping. After 50 Cent signed his contract with Aftermath Entertainment they took Young Buck in the group and signed him. Tony Yayo, being an older and more experienced rapper, joined 50 Cent on the Nas Promo Tour, the Cash Money Tour and the Ruff Ryders Tour. As Banks remained at home waiting for 50 and Yayo to return, he started rappin around the neighborhood to further increase his buzz on the streets. He then hooked up with neighborhood producers and made tracks for local mixtapes. Lloyd Banks has a renowned reputation on the mixtape scene. While Banks was making Mixtapes,^[9]

50 Cent was soon granted his own record label by Dr. Dre and released the album Get Rich or Die Tryin'; Lloyd Banks was featured on the song "Don't Push Me", and the remixed version of "P.I.M.P". Soon after the group had established their own record label, G-Unit Records, G-Unit released their first official group album Beg for Mercy in November 2003, which went on to be certified double platinum.^[10]

During August 2005, Lloyd Banks, Young Buck, and their entourage were traveling in a van, when the vehicle was pulled over after passing through a red light in midtown Manhattan.^[11] Officers said they discovered a loaded handgun and another weapon in the van. Prosecutors asked a judge to dismiss the charges after an investigation determined that neither Lloyd Banks nor Young Buck was in possession of the weapons. Felony gun charges against Lloyd Banks and Young Buck were dropped on November 8, 2006.^[12]

In the early morning hours of January 9, 2010, in a Kitchener, Ontario hotel, an alleged altercation took place between Banks and a concert promoter over performance fees. Banks, and three of his associates, were later charged with forcible confinement, aggravated assault and robbery, and released on $50,000 bail.^[13]

Feud with The Game[link]

The most well known feud involving Lloyd Banks is the feud between him and The Game. It started publicly after The Game left G-Unit. Lloyd Banks speculates that The Game had jealous insecurities involving the attention he received after the success of his debut album The Hunger for More and Banks winning a lyricist title.^[14]

Solo career[link]

[edit] The Hunger for More (2004-2005)

Lloyd Banks released his solo debut album The Hunger for More in June 2004. The first single was the summer smash hit "On Fire" which featured 50 Cent, however he was uncredited. Banks explained the reasoning behind the album's title:

The album was a commercial success, receiving positive reviews. It debuted at number 1 on the Billboard charts with 500,500 copies sold in the first week.^{[citation needed]} The album has since sold over 4 million copies and has been certified double platinum by the RIAA.^[16][17] During an interview, Lloyd Banks commented on his first week sales:

Two other singles were also released from The Hunger For More, "I'm So Fly" and "Karma", the latter was a hit reaching number 17 on the Hot 100, number 9 on the R&B charts and number 6 on the rap charts.

[edit] Rotten Apple (2006-2007)

The Big Withdraw was intended to be Lloyd Banks's second album. The album was leaked to the internet after Banks had a ménage à trois encounter with two women and left the CD album behind.^[18] The leaked version of the album contained 23 tracks.^[19]

During an interview, Lloyd Banks commented on the issue, he said:

It's truth to that rumor. That comes from me doing too much. I was just lost in my ways, fucked two women at one time. It's the little things you don't pay attention to. I had the CD in an actual DJ Whoo Kid mixtape cover. It was just a blank CD with just tracks. I got over 70, 80 tracks, so you can't get them all on one CD. So I might have had 14 tracks of the last two weeks or something like that. Next thing I know, [I] can't find the CD. I'm assuming it had to be from one of those situations when you got too much going on around you. Maybe I'mma just stick to one girl from now on. That's the only explanation that makes sense. Sticky fingers.^[18]

Lloyd Banks at the 2006 Monster Jam concert.

Due to the leak, Lloyd Banks began work on Rotten Apple. "Rotten Apple" is a play on New York City's nickname "The Big Apple". It was released on October 10, 2006. The album debuted at #3, selling 143,000 copies in its first week. Rotten Apple was not considered as a commercial success because his debut album sold a significantly higher number of copies in its first week. He has released three singles from Rotten Apple: "Hands Up", "The Cake", and "Help".^[20]

Departure from Interscope[link]

Banks was dropped from Interscope Records in 2009.^{[21] [22]} He is still signed to G-Unit Records, which will release his new album.^[22] Banks released a mixtape on his 27th birthday, which fell on April 30, 2009; it included the track "Officer Down" that dissed Rick Ross. Banks also released a mixtape in 2009 called V5.^[23][24]

The Hunger for More 2 and signing with EMI (2010-present)[link]

In late January 2010, it was announced that Banks would release a new song, "Beamer, Benz, or Bentley" featuring Juelz Santana, from his upcoming third studio album.^[25] "Beamer, Benz, or Bentley" charted at #49 on the Billboard Hot 100.^[26] In early June, Banks released the second single off the album The Hunger for More 2, called Any Girl and it featured R&B singer Lloyd. Later on November 2, 2010 he released the third single Start It Up featuring Swizz Beatz, Kanye West, Ryan Leslie & Fabolous. Lloyd released the fourth single off the album called, I Don't Deserve You and the song featured R&B singer Jeremih.

Lloyd Banks release info via his Twitter announcing that the title for his third album has tentatively been called 'The Hunger for More 2' and will attempt to take him back to his best work. However, the G-Unit label later stated that the title is not set in concrete and still may be altered. The title of the album was confirmed by 50 Cent as The Hunger for More 2 in an interview with MTV News.^[27] According to Banks, Interscope is trying to get him back due to the success of the single "Beamer, Benz, or Bentley",^[28] but failed when Lloyd Banks revealed that he had signed a deal with EMI.

After being dropped by Interscope Records in 2009, Lloyd Banks announced on Friday, August 13, 2010 on MTV News that EMI Label Services has signed a deal with 50 Cent’s label, G-Unit Records, in which EMI will distribute and promote releases on the G-Unit roster in North America including Lloyd Banks third album The Hunger for More 2.^[1]

Banks' had this to say about the deal,

Awards[link]

In 2004, Banks was awarded 2004's Mixtape artist of the Year at the Mixtape Awards. Lloyd Banks commented on this award in an interview with AOL Sessions:

When I won the mixtape artist of the year 2004, after that I didn’t want to get away from it because that right there is where I got my satisfaction, from the fans giving me that award. It wasn’t like an award show when you got some big fat guys in suits on the podium that never even heard my album giving me a rating or judging what I deserve... that's actually my most proudest trophy right now.^[29]

In 2005, "On Fire" was nominated for a Grammy award for Best Rap Solo Performance. In 2006, "Touch It [Remix]" was nominated for Hip-Hop Video of the Year, and won for Best Collaboration at the BET Awards. The award was shared by Banks and his collaborators, Busta Rhymes, Mary J. Blige, Rah Digga, Missy Elliott, Papoose, and DMX. In 2010 with the excitement surrounding the release of H.M.F. 2 (Hunger for More 2) and his return to Hip-Hop's spotlight Hip-Hop news website HipHopDX wrote that Banks had the "Comeback of the Year".^[30]

Discography[link]

• 2004: The Hunger for More
• 2006: Rotten Apple
• 2010: H.F.M. 2 (The Hunger for More)

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lloyd Banks

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Lloyd Banks

• Official website
• G-Unit UK
• Lloyd Banks at Allmusic
• Lloyd Banks at MTV
• Lloyd Banks at the Internet Movie Database

Philip Quast (born 30 July 1957)^[1] is an Australian actor who has thrice won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical. He is perhaps best known for his role as Inspector Javert in the stage musical version of Les Misérables, or for appearances in numerous Australian soap operas including Sons and Daughters, The Young Doctors and Police Rescue.

Personal life[link]

Quast was born in 1957 in Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia, but currently lives in Great Britain.^[2] He is married and has three children.^[3] Quast also teaches at the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney, Australia.^[4]

Musical theatre[link]

Quast played the part of Javert in Les Misérables in Great Britain and Australia, as well as in Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert at the Royal Albert Hall, on the Les Misérables Complete Symphonic Recording, and in Hey, Mr. Producer, a concert in honour of Sir Cameron Mackintosh. He has won the most Laurence Olivier Awards for Best Actor in a Musical, having won thrice for:

• 1991: for Stephen Sondheim's Sunday in the Park with George in the role of George Seurat
• 1998: for the Dempsey and Rowe musical The Fix as Grahame Chandler
• 2002: for Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific in which he played Emille de Becque

Quast co-starred in the musical version of The Secret Garden opposite another famous Australian actor, Anthony Warlow. Though mainly a baritone, Quast has played some roles written for tenors, namely George (see above), Candide, and Neville in The Secret Garden. Although he is known for his serious roles, he has also performed comedic parts, such as his 2004 appearance as the pompous Miles Gloriosus in a limited run revival of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum at the Royal National Theatre.

Philip Quast more recently played the supporting role of Juan Peron in Andrew Lloyd Webber's 2006 production of Evita at the Adelphi Theatre in London. He was nominated for but did not win an Olivier award for this role.^[5][6]

In July 2007, Quast performed the role of Judge Turpin in a concert version of Sweeney Todd at London's Royal Festival Hall.^[7]

Quast was most recently in the Menier Chocolate Factory production of Jerry Herman's La Cage aux Folles as Georges.^[8]

Quast rejoined the cast of La Cage Aux Folles on 4 May 2009 with Roger Allam. Coincidentally, both actors have performed in the role of Javert in Les Misérables.

From July 2010, Quast played Mr Banks in the Australian premiere production of Mary Poppins at Melbourne's Her Majesty's Theatre. He won the 2010 Victorian Green Room Award (Melbourne's top theatre awards) for Best Supporting Actor in a Musical for his performance. He also won the Broadway World Australia 2011 award for 'Best Featured Actor in a Musical' for Mary Poppins.

Recordings[link]

Philip Quast has appeared in the cast recordings for many musicals, but has also released his own album, Live at the Donmar, containing both covers and original material.

Other work[link]

Quast has also made numerous appearances on television, in motion pictures and in dramatic theatre. Major roles include:

• Yes, Prime Minister (2012, currently playing); Cabinet Secretary, Sir Humphrey Appleby
• The Devil's Double (2011); Saddam Hussein
• Clubland (2007)
• The Caterpillar Wish (2006); Carl Roberts
• Me & Mrs Jones (2002) (TV); Richard Bowden
• Corridors of Power (2001) (TV); Michael Fielding MP
• Ultraviolet (1998) (TV); Father Pearse Harman
• The Damnation of Harvey McHugh (ABC-TV, 1995); The Minister
• The First Kangaroos (1988); Alex Burdon
• Sons and Daughters (Grundy Television Production) ; Bob 'Mitch' Mitchell (1984-TV)
• The Young Doctors (Grundy Television Production) ; Dr Rob Hawkins (1982-1983-TV)
• Play School (1981–1996)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Philip Quast at the Internet Movie Database
• The Philip Quast Continuum: The Official Philip Quast Website
• The Philip Quast Guide
• Winners of the Laurence Olivier Award